Journal articles: 'Multiwords'

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COWIE, A. P. "Multiwords Units in Newspaper Language." Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/cill.17.1.2016699.

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Bruyère, Véronique, Olivier Carton, Alexandre Decan, Olivier Gauwin, and Jef Wijsen. "An aperiodicity problem for multiwords." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 46, no. 1 (November 23, 2011): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2011131.

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Jost, David, and Win Carus. "Computing Business Multiwords: Computational Linguistics in Support of Lexicography." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 24, no. 1 (2003): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.2003.0001.

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Piunno, Valentina. "Multiword Modifiers in some Romance languages. Semantic formats and syntactic templates." Yearbook of Phraseology 7, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2016-0002.

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Abstract This paper focuses on a specific type of Multiword Expressions, particularly widespread in Italian as well as in other Romance languages: Multiword Modifiers, i.e. prepositional phrases functioning as modifiers of a noun (Multiword Adjectives) and of a verb (Multiword Adverbs). Exploiting both syntactic and semantic analysis, this paper explores the hypothesis that Multiword Modifiers are formed on the basis of regular syntactic templates, which can structure and organize the semantic information associated with words. In this perspective, after a brief presentation of Multiword Lexical Units and the class of Multiword Modifiers, the methodology and the general theoretical framework of this study will be explained. The last section is devoted to the analysis of some semantic relations frequently fulfilled by Multiword Modifiers of Italian, French and Spanish. This investigation aims at demonstrating that all Romance languages considered make a regular use of this kind of analytical resource in adjectival or adverbial function, showing similar patterns and syntactic templates.

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Boers, Frank, June Eyckmans, and Hélène Stengers. "Motivating multiword units." EUROSLA Yearbook 6 (July 20, 2006): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.6.11boe.

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In recent years, many educational linguists have emphasised the importance of drawing language learners’ attention to multiword units (i.e., strong collocations, idioms, etc.), because knowledge of such units is believed to help learners come across as fluent, native-like and accurate L2 speakers. We report a controlled experiment the results of which support this belief. The question now is how learners can be helped to commit multiword units to memory. We borrow insights from Cognitive Linguistics, which, contrary to other frameworks, holds that the meaning and the lexical composition of many multiword units is motivated rather than arbitrary. The article surveys experiments that were set up to measure the mnemonic effects of presenting multiword units (especially idioms) as semantically and/or phonologically motivated. The overall encouraging results are explainable by established theories of memory, such as ‘levels-of-processing’ and ‘dual coding’ models. At the same time, the results point to cognitive-style variables that may enhance or dampen the effectiveness of the proposed instructional methods.

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Villavicencio, Aline, and Marco Idiart. "Discovering multiword expressions." Natural Language Engineering 25, no. 06 (September 11, 2019): 715–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324919000494.

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AbstractIn this paper, we provide an overview of research on multiword expressions (MWEs), from a natural language processing perspective. We examine methods developed for modelling MWEs that capture some of their linguistic properties, discussing their use for MWE discovery and for idiomaticity detection. We concentrate on their collocational and contextual preferences, along with their fixedness in terms of canonical forms and their lack of word-for-word translatatibility. We also discuss a sample of the MWE resources that have been used in intrinsic evaluation setups for these methods.

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Shin, Dongkwang, and Yuah V. Chon. "A Multiword Unit Analysis : COCA Multiword Unit List 20 and ColloGram." Journal of AsiaTEFL 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 608–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2019.16.2.11.608.

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Arnon, Inbal, and Uriel Cohen Priva. "Time and again." Mental Lexicon 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.9.3.01arn.

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There is growing evidence that multiword information affects processing. In this paper, we look at the effect of word and multiword frequency on the phonetic duration of words in spontaneous speech to (a) extend previous findings and (b) ask whether the relation between word and multiword information changes across the frequency continuum. If highly frequent sequences are stored holistically, then the effect of word frequency should disappear. If alternatively, increased sequence usage causes a change in the prominence of word and multiword information, we should see reduced effects of word frequency, and increased effects of sequence frequency for high frequency sequences. We first extend previous findings by showing that trigram frequency affects single word duration, even when controlling for word predictability. We then show that the effect of trigram frequency increases while the effect of word frequency decreases — but does not disappear — for highly frequent sequences. The findings provide further support for the effect of multiword information on processing and document the growing prominence of multiword information with repeated usage.

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Green, Spence, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, and Christopher D. Manning. "Parsing Models for Identifying Multiword Expressions." Computational Linguistics 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 195–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00139.

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Multiword expressions lie at the syntax/semantics interface and have motivated alternative theories of syntax like Construction Grammar. Until now, however, syntactic analysis and multiword expression identification have been modeled separately in natural language processing. We develop two structured prediction models for joint parsing and multiword expression identification. The first is based on context-free grammars and the second uses tree substitution grammars, a formalism that can store larger syntactic fragments. Our experiments show that both models can identify multiword expressions with much higher accuracy than a state-of-the-art system based on word co-occurrence statistics. We experiment with Arabic and French, which both have pervasive multiword expressions. Relative to English, they also have richer morphology, which induces lexical sparsity in finite corpora. To combat this sparsity, we develop a simple factored lexical representation for the context-free parsing model. Morphological analyses are automatically transformed into rich feature tags that are scored jointly with lexical items. This technique, which we call a factored lexicon, improves both standard parsing and multiword expression identification accuracy.

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Yan, Feifei. "A Review of the Effects of Frequency and Congruency on the Processing of Multiword Expressions." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.5.20.

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More and more attention has been paid to the processing of multiword expressions in recent years. This paper reviews empirical studies that have examined the effects of frequency and congruency and their interactive role on the processing of multiword expressions. The results indicated that although frequency and congruency influence the processing of all kinds of multiword expressions, the studies mostly concentrate on collocations; their interactive role with proficiency has not been specified; research exploring the effect of congruency is limited to translational congruency. Future studies can compare the difference in the processing of different kinds of multiword expressions.

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Feifei, Yan. "A Review of the Effects of Frequency and Congruency on the Processing of Multiword Expressions." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.5.21.

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More and more attention has been paid to the processing of multiword expressions in recent years. This paper reviews empirical studies that have examined the effects of frequency and congruency and their interactive role on the processing of multiword expressions. The results indicated that although frequency and congruency influence the processing of all kinds of multiword expressions, the studies mostly concentrate on collocations; their interactive role with proficiency has not been specified; research exploring the effect of congruency is limited to translational congruency. Future studies can compare the difference in the processing of different kinds of multiword expressions.

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Cacciari, Cristina. "Processing multiword idiomatic strings." Mental Lexicon 9, no. 2 (November 21, 2014): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.9.2.05cac.

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Idioms are strings of words whose figurative meaning does not necessarily derive from that of the constituent parts. They belong to the vast and heterogeneous realm of multiword expressions, i.e. literal and non-literal word clusters whose representations are stored in semantic memory. This article provides an updated review of the psycholinguistic and electrophysiological literature on the processes underlying idiom comprehension with specific reference to the cues that lead to idiom recognition, to the syntactic and semantic behavior of idioms, to the relationships between literal compositionality and idiomatic meaning retrieval. Behavioral models of idiom comprehension are presented and discussed also with respect to the electrophysiological correlates of idiom and figurative language comprehension.

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HERR-ISRAEL, ELLEN, and LORRAINE McCUNE. "Successive single-word utterances and use of conversational input: a pre-syntactic route to multiword utterances." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 1 (December 11, 2009): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909990237.

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ABSTRACTIn the period between sole use of single words and majority use of multiword utterances, children draw from their existing productive capability and conversational input to facilitate the eventual outcome of majority use of multiword utterances. During this period, children use word combinations that are not yet mature multiword utterances, termed ‘successive single-word utterances’ (SSWUs). The language development of five children, observed in play with their mothers, was studied longitudinally across the transitional period (age 1 ; 3 to 2 ; 0). Results demonstrate a common developmental trajectory from single words to SSWUs, formed with the support of conversation, to more independent SSWUs, and finally to majority use of multiword utterances. The children varied in the extent to which they produced SSWUs and whether they first produced across-turn versus within-turn SSWUs. Possible reasons for variability and why SSWU production may be important to the development of multiword utterances are discussed.

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Javdani, Leila, and Esmaeil Jadidi. "The Impact of Knowledge of Multiword Units on Pragmatic Knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 4 (April 5, 2016): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0604.13.

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This study investigated the impact of multiword knowledge of chunks on Iranian EFL learners’ pragmatic perception of the illocutionary act of request. The research was triggered by the need for EFL learners to enhance their ability to use English effectively in different social interactions. Two research instruments: a Multiword Chunk Test and a Discourse Completion Test were employed to collect data for this systematic inquiry. Major findings derived from the study highlighted the fact that Iranian advanced EFL learners with higher repertoire of multiword lexical knowledge demonstrated higher pragmatic ability and outperformed in expressing the speech act of request. On the account of findings, it is inferred that knowledge of multiword lexical items is of paramount importance for interactions in different contexts in general and expressing the politeness strategies in particular. It can be argued that insufficient and limited knowledge of multiword units could be a major hindrance to effective learning and communication, resulting in pragmatic failures in many intercultural communication situations.

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Chang, Anna C.-S. "The Effects of Repeated Oral Reading Practice on the Retention of High-Frequency Multiword Items for EFL Learners: Multiple Dimensions." Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language--TESL-EJ 26, no. 4 (February 1, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55593/ej.26104a9.

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Research has shown that second language (L2) learners generally lack multiword expression knowledge, and L2 researchers and practitioners have tried various techniques to assist L2 learners to acquire it more efficiently. This study adopted an under-researched technique—repeated oral reading—to enhance the retention of high-frequency multiword items by 62 EFL college students divided into experimental (n =38) and control (n =24) groups. Fifteen unfamiliar multiword items comprising only known individual words were selected through a pre-test based on a theme-based text. All students received a formal instruction first, followed by the experimental group orally reading the text six times under a time constraint. A two-week delayed post-test was used to test students’ retention of four dimensions of multiword knowledge: aural forms and aural meanings, and written meanings and use. Except for use, the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in the other three dimensions. Four fixed factors (oral reading speed, prior vocabulary knowledge, dimensions of multiword knowledge, and the number of words per item) were analyzed via GLMM. Results showed three factors had significant effects on retaining multiword items except oral reading speed. Based on the results, pedagogical implications are discussed and suggestions are made.

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Pajić, Vesna, Staša Vujičić Stanković, Ranka Stanković, and Miloš Pajić. "Semi-automatic extraction of multiword terms from domain-specific corpora." Electronic Library 36, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-06-2017-0128.

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Purpose A hybrid approach is presented, which combines linguistic and statistical information to semi-automatically extract multiword term candidates from texts. Design/methodology/approach The method is designed to be domain and language independent, focusing on languages with rich morphology. Here, it is used for extracting multiword terms from texts in Serbian, belonging to the agricultural engineering domain, as a use case. Predefined syntactic structures were used for multiword terms. For each structure, a finite state transducer was developed, which recognizes text sequences having that structure and outputs the sequence in a normalized form, so that different inflectional forms of the same multiword term can be counted properly. Term candidates were further filtered by their frequencies and evaluated by two domain experts. Findings By using language resources, such as electronic dictionaries and grammars, 928 multiword terms were extracted out of 1,523 multiword terms that were recognized as candidates from a corpus having 42,260 different simple word forms; 870 of these were new, not already contained in the existing electronic dictionary of compounds for Serbian, and they were used to enrich the dictionary. Originality/value The paper presents methodology that can significantly contribute to the development of terminology lexicons in different areas. In this particular use case, some important agricultural engineering concepts were extracted from the text, but this approach could be used for other domains and languages as well.

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Cashen, Christopher H., and Jason F. Manning. "Virtual geometricity is rare." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 18, no. 1 (2015): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157015000108.

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We present the results of computer experiments suggesting that the probability that a random multiword in a free group is virtually geometric decays to zero exponentially quickly in the length of the multiword. We also prove this fact.

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Culicover, Peter W., Ray Jackendoff, and Jenny Audring. "Multiword Constructions in the Grammar." Topics in Cognitive Science 9, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 552–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12255.

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Constant, Mathieu, Gülşen Eryiğit, Johanna Monti, Lonneke van der Plas, Carlos Ramisch, Michael Rosner, and Amalia Todirascu. "Multiword Expression Processing: A Survey." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 4 (December 2017): 837–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00302.

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Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a class of linguistic forms spanning conventional word boundaries that are both idiosyncratic and pervasive across different languages. The structure of linguistic processing that depends on the clear distinction between words and phrases has to be re-thought to accommodate MWEs. The issue of MWE handling is crucial for NLP applications, where it raises a number of challenges. The emergence of solutions in the absence of guiding principles motivates this survey, whose aim is not only to provide a focused review of MWE processing, but also to clarify the nature of interactions between MWE processing and downstream applications. We propose a conceptual framework within which challenges and research contributions can be positioned. It offers a shared understanding of what is meant by “MWE processing,” distinguishing the subtasks of MWE discovery and identification. It also elucidates the interactions between MWE processing and two use cases: Parsing and machine translation. Many of the approaches in the literature can be differentiated according to how MWE processing is timed with respect to underlying use cases. We discuss how such orchestration choices affect the scope of MWE-aware systems. For each of the two MWE processing subtasks and for each of the two use cases, we conclude on open issues and research perspectives.

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Hustad, Katherine C., Tristan Mahr, Phoebe E. M. Natzke, and Paul J. Rathouz. "Development of Speech Intelligibility Between 30 and 47 Months in Typically Developing Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Growth." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00008.

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Purpose We sought to establish normative growth curves for intelligibility development for the speech of typically developing children as revealed by objectively based orthographic transcription of elicited single-word and multiword utterances by naïve listeners. We also examined sex differences, and we compared differences between single-word and multiword intelligibility growth. Method One hundred sixty-four typically developing children (92 girls, 72 boys) contributed speech samples for this study. Children were between the ages of 30 and 47 months, and analyses examined 1-month age increments between these ages. Two different naïve listeners heard each child and made orthographic transcriptions of child-produced words and sentences ( n = 328 listeners). Average intelligibility scores for single-word productions and multiword productions were modeled using linear regression, which estimated normal-model quantile age trajectories for single- and multiword utterances. Results We present growth curves showing steady linear change over time in 1-month increments from 30 to 47 months for 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. Results showed that boys did not differ from girls and that, prior to 35 months of age, single words were more intelligible than multiword productions. Starting at 41 months of age, the reverse was true. Multiword intelligibility grew at a faster rate than single-word intelligibility. Conclusions Children make steady progress in intelligibility development through 47 months, and only a small number of children approach 100% intelligibility by this age. Intelligibility continues to develop past the fourth year of life. There is considerable variability among children with regard to intelligibility development. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12330956

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Davis, Bobby, Nicholas Sohre, and Stephen J. Guy. "Multiworld Motion Planning." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 3, no. 4 (October 2018): 3968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2858445.

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Hoang, Hien, and Frank Boers. "Re-telling a story in a second language: How well do adult learners mine an input text for multiword expressions?" Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 513–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.3.7.

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Adult second language (L2) learners have often been found to produce discourse that manifests limited and non-native-like use of multiword expressions. One explanation for this is that adult L2 learners are relatively unsuccessful (in the absence of pedagogic intervention) at transferring multiword expressions from input texts to their own output resources. The present article reports an exploratory study where ESL learners were asked to re-tell a short story which they had read and listened to twice. The learners’ re-tells were subsequently examined for the extent to which they recycled multiword expressions from the original story. To gauge the influence of the input text on these learners’ renderings of the story, a control group was asked to tell the story based exclusively on a series of pictures. The results of the experiment suggest that multiword expressions were recycled from the input text to some extent, but this stayed very marginal in real terms, especially in comparison with the recycling of single words. Moreover, when learners did borrow expressions from the input text, their reproductions were often non-target-like.

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Zhang, Ling, and Ping Lu. "Lexical Chunks Formulaic Sequences and Yukuai: Study of Terms and Definitions of English Multiword Units." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n1p74.

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According to the theory of mental lexicon, lexical chunks refer to the multiword units with chunking effects while being processed in utterences. Language acquisition studies hold that formulaic sequences undertake more pragramatic functions bearing more conceptual processing and cultural information. There are some overlaps in the two terms. In the SLA studies in China, researchers attempted to use the coined term Cikuai to be the substitute of these two literally-translated terms—Cihui Zukuai for lexical chunks in Chinese and Chengshi Yu for formulaic sequences in Chinese. This paper proposes that lexical chunks and formulaic sequences have respective linguistic and cognitive features, which direct L1 and L2 speakers to process lexico-semantic multiword units in discourse in different ways. They are the subordinate terms of multiword units in English. This paper claims that the present terms can refer to holistically processed multiword units due to their formulaic and chunking effects.The significant differences lie in their degree of compositionality and semantic productivity. The lexical chunks have higher compositionality and semantic transparency, whereas the formulaic sequences are dynamic lexico-semantic multiword units, which offer exemplars instead of chunks for the reconstruction of lexical items in certain discourses. With regard to the lexical features of meaning extension, recursion and creativeness, we figure out their working definitions and come to the conlusion that Yukuai is not a good terminology to cover all the features entailed in them.

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King, Jonathan W., and Marta Kutas. "Who Did What and When? Using Word- and Clause-Level ERPs to Monitor Working Memory Usage in Reading." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, no. 3 (July 1995): 376–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.3.376.

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ERPs were recorded from 24 undergraduates as they read sentences known to differ in syntactic complexity and working memory requirements, namely Object and Subject Relative sentences. Both the single-word and multiword analyses revealed significant differences due to sentence type, while multiword ERPs also showed that sentence type effects differed for Good and Poor comprehenders. At the single-word level, ERPs to both verbs in Object Relative sentences showed a left anterior negativity between 300 and 500 msec postword-onset relative to those to Subject Relative verbs. At the multiword level, a slow frontal positivity characterized Subject Relative sentences, but was absent for Object Relatives. This slow positivity appears to index ease of processing or integration. and was more robust in Good than in Poor comprehenders.

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Torres-Martínez, Sergio. "Working out multiword verbs within an Applied Cognitive Construction Grammar framework." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2016-0003.

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AbstractThis article presents a constructionist approach to the teaching of multiword verbs. To that end, I outline a pedagogical model, Applied Cognitive Construction Grammar (ACCxG), which is deemed to provide insight into a novel classification of multiword verbs as constructions (form-function pairings). The ACCxG framework integrates four cognitively-driven rationales, namely Focus on Form, Task-based Language Teaching, Data-driven Learning, and Paper-based Data-Driven Learning. It is argued that the syntax-semantics of multiword verbs can be better understood through recourse to their relation with syntactic constructions (Argument Structure Constructions). Endorsing this rationale entails, among other things, the recognition that the same general cognitive mechanisms intervening in the construction of our experience of the world are at play during the construction of linguistic knowledge.

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McShane, Marjorie, Sergei Nirenburg, and Stephen Beale. "The Ontological Semantic treatment of multiword expressions." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 38, no. 1 (September 18, 2015): 73–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.38.1.03mcs.

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This paper describes, and presents a formal evaluation of, the Ontological Semantic approach to automatically analyzing multiword expressions. It shows how multiword expressions can be lexically recorded and processed in the same way as compositional argument-taking words. It suggests that the component modeling strategies are psychologically plausible and hold promise for supporting the development of sophisticated, language-endowed intelligent agents.

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McEachern, Diane, and William O. Haynes. "Gesture-Speech Combinations as a Transition to Multiword Utterances." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 13, no. 3 (August 2004): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2004/024).

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This study was designed to determine if certain types of gesture-speech combinations act as transitional phenomena preceding production of 2-word utterances. Ten normally developing children with a mean age of 15 months at the beginning of the study participated in this research. The children were sampled longitudinally at monthly intervals as they approached the onset of early multiword utterances. Temporally synchronized gesture-speech combinations were analyzed over a 6-month period to describe whether they encoded 1 semantic element (pointing to a car and saying "car") or 2 semantic elements (pointing to a car and saying "big"). These gesture-speech combinations were examined in terms of their onset in relation to early multiword combinations. It was found that there was a significant increase in gesture-speech combinations encoding 2 semantic elements during the 6-month period and that the onset of these combinations preceded or co-occurred with the 1st productions of multiword utterances. This finding, coupled with prior studies on smaller numbers of participants, suggests that gesture-speech combinations encoding 2 elements may be a transitional element between single-word communication and the onset of multiword combinations.

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Vondřička, Pavel. "Design of a Multiword Expressions Database." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 112, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pralin-2019-0003.

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Abstract The paper proposes design of a generic database for multiword expressions (MWE), based on the requirements for implementation of the lexicon of Czech MWEs. The lexicon is aimed at different goals concerning lexicography, teaching Czech as a foreign language, and theoretical issues of MWEs as entities standing between lexicon and grammar, as well as for NLP tasks such as tagging and parsing, identification and search of MWEs, or word sense and semantic disambiguation. The database is designed to account for flexibility in morphology and word order, syntactic and lexical variants and even creatively used fragments. Current state of implementation is presented together with some emerging issues, problems and solutions.

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Schnur, Tatiana T. "Word selection deficits and multiword speech." Cognitive Neuropsychology 34, no. 1-2 (February 17, 2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2017.1313215.

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Gantar, Polona, Lut Colman, Carla Parra Escartín, and Héctor Martínez Alonso. "Multiword Expressions: Between Lexicography and NLP." International Journal of Lexicography 32, no. 2 (August 8, 2018): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecy012.

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Kumova Metin, Senem. "Feature selection in multiword expression recognition." Expert Systems with Applications 92 (February 2018): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.09.047.

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de Caseli, Helena Medeiros, Carlos Ramisch, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes, and Aline Villavicencio. "Alignment-based extraction of multiword expressions." Language Resources and Evaluation 44, no. 1-2 (August 14, 2009): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-009-9097-9.

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Valujtseva, Irina, Olga Ivanova, Ilya Khukhuni, and Anna Fedosova. "Terminological nomination in modern fields of knowledge." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 21012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021021012.

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The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the terminological nomination using the example of multiword terms of the English sublanguage of oil and gas processing. The oil and gas glossary Kashagan Development Project Glossary that comprises 1200 units has been used as the research material. Multiword terms have been selected with the application of the continuous sampling method. As a result of the employment of the method of linguistic statistics, it was discovered that, in the sub-language of oil and gas processing, the multiword terms constitute 73% of the entire termbase of the subject area. The structural analysis of terminological phrases demonstrated that the most common type of multiword terms is the two-word terms, comprising 45.2% of the total number of poly-lexemic constructions in the studied sample. This result is consistent with the data obtained by other authors, namely, the information concerning the fact that two-word combinations prevail in various term systems. As the number of components in a multiword term increases, the number of such word combinations in a scientific text decreases. The most common patterns of two-word terminological combinations are N + N and A + N. Three-word terms compose 40% of the total number of the studied terminological phrases. The following patterns of three-word terms are productive: N + N + N and A + N + N. Four-word terminological phrases constitute 12.3%. The most frequently used pattern of four-word combinations is N + N + N + N. Five-word terms comprise 2.4% of the total number of terms. The most common patterns of five-word terms are N + N + A + N + N and A + N + N + N.

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Roche, Laura, Amarie Carnett, Jeff Sigafoos, Michelle Stevens, Mark F. O’Reilly, Giulio E. Lancioni, and Peter B. Marschik. "Using a Textual Prompt to Teach Multiword Requesting to Two Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Behavior Modification 43, no. 6 (May 21, 2019): 819–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445519850745.

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Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social and communication impairment, but some children appear to have relative strength in areas such as reading printed words. The present study involved two children with limited expressive communication skills, but relatively stronger reading ability. Based on this existing strength, we evaluated a textual prompting procedure for teaching the children to produce multiword spoken requests. The effect of providing textual prompts on production of multiword requests was evaluated in an ABAB design. The results showed that multiword requests increased when textual prompts were provided and decreased when the prompts were removed. In subsequent phases, the textual prompts were successfully faded by gradually making the printed text lighter and lighter until eventually the prompts were eliminated altogether. We conclude that identification of children’s strengths may assist in identifying effective prompting procedures that could then be used in teaching functional communication skills.

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Tschichold, Cornelia. "Lexically Driven Error Detection and Correction." CALICO Journal 20, no. 3 (January 14, 2013): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v20i3.549-559.

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Recent progress in multimedia technology used in CALL has clearly been more impressive than progress in error detection capability. In order to overcome the obstacles in error detection needed for intelligent feedback in CALL, this paper calls for a new focus on lexical items, both single words and multiword units of various types. Single and multiword lexemes should not only be explicitly taught in CALL, but could also provide the key to more effective feedback on the language production by learners.

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Molina-Plaza, Silvia. "Maritime figurative and literal multiword terms in the ESP classroom: A blueprint." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 9 (April 6, 2017): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i9.1097.

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The aim of this paper is two-fold: a) look into the socio-cultural background of the most common twenty five sub-technical multiword naval units in a pilot corpus of 250,000 words, some of them metaphorical & metonymic expressions (Kovecses, 2002; Wray 2002); b) study ten of these metaphorical units in their contexts of production (EU maritime discourse, textbooks and http://www.sailingscuttlebutt.com/news/04/ras/. Multiword units have been chosen with WORDSMITH TOOLS, regarding frequency of use a key factor. The conclusions point out that these multiword units are highly productive in oral and written maritime discourse and worthy of investigation. They reveal that both denotative (in terminological collocations) and evaluative meanings may be embedded in lexical-semantic structures. The lexicographical description of these collocations in learnerâ€™s dictionaries available in Maritime English ends with the recognition that development of collocations seems necessary if we are to witness some further progress forÂ ESL learners in productive mode.Â

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CAMERON-FAULKNER, THEA. "A functional account of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development." Journal of Child Language 39, no. 4 (September 23, 2011): 885–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000911000328.

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ABSTRACTThe present study investigates flexibility of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development, and its relationship with patterns attested in the input. The data is taken from a case study of a monolingual English-speaking boy aged 2 ; 5–2 ; 9 and his mother while engaged in daily activities in the home. Data were coded according to Halliday's (1975) functional system. The findings suggest that early multiword verb use is functionally restricted and closely tied to verb use in the input.

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Pine, Julian M., and Elena V. M. Lieven. "Slot and frame patterns and the development of the determiner category." Applied Psycholinguistics 18, no. 2 (April 1997): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009930.

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ABSTRACTThere has been a growing trend in recent years toward the attribution of adultlike syntactic categories to young, language-learning children. This has derived support from studies which claim to have found positive evidence for syntactic categories in the speech of young children (e.g., Valian, 1986). However, these claims contradict the findings of previous research which have suggested that the categories underlying children's early multiword speech are much more limited in scope (e.g., Braine, 1976). The present study represents an attempt to differentiate and test these models of early multiword speech: focusing on the syntactic category of determiner, we investigated the extent to which 11 children showed overlap in the contexts in which they used different determiner types in their early multiword corpora. The results demonstrated that, although children do use determiners with a semantically heterogeneous collection of different noun types, there is very little evidence that they know anything about the relationship between the different determiner types, and thus there is no real case for the attribution of a syntactic determiner category. Indeed, this pattern of determiner use seems perfectly consistent with a limited-scope formula account of children's early multiword speech, as proposed by Braine (1976). These findings suggest that the development of an adultlike determiner category may be a gradual process, one involving the progressive broadening of the range of lexically specific frames in which different determiners appear, and are broadly consistent with a number of recent constructivist models of children's early grammatical development.

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HAVRON, NAOMI, and INBAL ARNON. "Minding the gaps: literacy enhances lexical segmentation in children learning to read." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 6 (January 9, 2017): 1516–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000623.

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AbstractCan emergent literacy impact the size of the linguistic units children attend to? We examined children's ability to segment multiword sequences before and after they learned to read, in order to disentangle the effect of literacy and age on segmentation. We found that early readers were better at segmenting multiword units (after controlling for age, cognitive, and linguistic variables), and that improvement in literacy skills between the two sessions predicted improvement in segmentation abilities. Together, these findings suggest that literacy acquisition, rather than age, enhanced segmentation. We discuss implications for models of language learning.

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Blagus Bartolec, Goranka. "Past Participles in Multiword Units in Croatian." Forum Lingwistyczne 6 (2019): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/fl.2019.06.08.

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Krstev, Cvetana, and Agata Savary. "Games on Multiword Expressions for Community Building." Infotheca 17, no. 2 (2017): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/infotheca.2017.17.2.1.

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Church, Kenneth. "How many multiword expressions do people know?" ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing 10, no. 2 (June 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2483691.2483693.

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KUMOVA METİN, Senem. "Enlarging multiword expression dataset by co-training." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 26, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 2583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1709-185.

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Chakraborty, Tanmoy, Dipankar Das, and Sivaji Bandyopadhyay. "Identifying Bengali Multiword Expressions using semantic clustering." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 37, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 106–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.37.1.04cha.

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One of the key issues in both natural language understanding and generation is the appropriate processing of Multiword Expressions (MWEs). MWEs pose a huge problem to the precise language processing due to their idiosyncratic nature and diversity in lexical, syntactical and semantic properties. The semantics of a MWE cannot be expressed after combining the semantics of its constituents. Therefore, the formalism of semantic clustering is often viewed as an instrument for extracting MWEs especially for resource constraint languages like Bengali. The present semantic clustering approach contributes to locate clusters of the synonymous noun tokens present in the document. These clusters in turn help measure the similarity between the constituent words of a potentially candidate phrase using a vector space model and judge the suitability of this phrase to be a MWE. In this experiment, we apply the semantic clustering approach for noun-noun bigram MWEs, though it can be extended to any types of MWEs. In parallel, the well known statistical models, namely Point-wise Mutual Information (PMI), Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR), Significance function are also employed to extract MWEs from the Bengali corpus. The comparative evaluation shows that the semantic clustering approach outperforms all other competing statistical models. As a byproduct of this experiment, we have started developing a standard lexicon in Bengali that serves as a productive Bengali linguistic thesaurus.

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Martínez-Zaldívar, F. J., A. M. Vidal-Maciá, Alberto Gonzalez, and Vicenç Almenar. "Tridimensional block multiword LDPC decoding on GPUs." Journal of Supercomputing 58, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-011-0587-3.

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Fazly, Afsaneh, Suzanne Stevenson, and Ryan North. "Automatically learning semantic knowledge about multiword predicates." Language Resources and Evaluation 41, no. 1 (June 20, 2007): 61–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-007-9017-9.

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Rayson, Paul, Scott Piao, Serge Sharoff, Stefan Evert, and Begoña Villada Moirón. "Multiword expressions: hard going or plain sailing?" Language Resources and Evaluation 44, no. 1-2 (October 2, 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-009-9105-0.

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Yi, Wei, Shiyi Lu, and Guojie Ma. "Frequency, contingency and online processing of multiword sequences: An eye-tracking study." Second Language Research 33, no. 4 (May 18, 2017): 519–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658317708009.

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Frequency and contingency are two primary statistical factors that drive the acquisition and processing of language. This study explores the role of phrasal frequency and contingency (the co-occurrence probability/statistical association of the constituent words in multiword sequences) during online processing of multiword sequences. Meanwhile, it also examines language users’ sensitivity to the two types of statistical information. Using the eye-tracking paradigm, native and advanced nonnative speakers of Chinese were instructed to read 80 disyllabic two-word Chinese adverbial sequences embedded in sentence contexts. Eye movements of the participants were recorded using both early and late measures. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that both phrasal frequency and contingency influenced the processing of the adverbial sequences; however, they were likely to function in different time windows. In addition, both native and nonnative speakers were sensitive to the phrasal frequency and contingency of the sequences, though their degrees of such sensitivity differed. Our findings suggest that adult language learners retain the statistical learning ability in second language acquisition and they may share a general statistical learning mechanism with native speakers when processing multiword sequences.

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Khamkhien, Attapol, and Sue Wharton. "Constructing subject-specific lists of multiword combinations for EAP: A case study." Yearbook of Phraseology 11, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2020-0003.

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AbstractThis study combines a corpus-based approach and intuition-based judgements to develop a set of multiword combinations for research publications in academic journals. To obtain a representative sample, a corpus of four internal sections of 120 Applied Linguistics research articles indexed in the TCI (Thai Citation Index) database was systematically compiled and investigated. To identify n-grams which occur frequently in the corpus, a corpus-based approach was used. First, a list of 49 content-based strings, likely to be the most useful for pedagogic purposes, was derived. Based on their grammatical and semantic relationships, 3-grams were further investigated. For multiword sequences to occur frequently in the corpus, some pragmatic functionality is required which contributes to pedagogical use. Five EAP instructors were therefore invited to select the useful multiword combinations from the list of identified n-grams. A list of 289 phraseological patterns was finally created successfully. The list can provide additional evidence-based and corpus-informed instructional resources which support English teachers with the planning of lessons as well as materials design and development, particularly for advanced language courses which target scholarly writing.

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Bybee, Joan. "PHONOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR EXEMPLAR STORAGE OF MULTIWORD SEQUENCES." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24, no. 2 (June 2002): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263102002061.

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Phonological evidence supports the frequency-based model proposed in the article by Nick Ellis. Phonological reduction occurs earlier and to a greater extent in high-frequency words and phrases than in low-frequency ones. A model that accounts for this effect needs both an exemplar representation to show phonetic variation and the ability to represent multiword combinations. The maintenance of alternations conditioned by word boundaries, such as French liaison, also provides evidence that multiword sequences are stored and can accrue representational strength. The reorganization of phonetic exemplars in favor of the more frequent types provides evidence for some abstraction in categories beyond the simple registration of tokens of experience.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiwords'

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