Journal articles: 'Multistable structures'

1

Xu, Xian, and Yaozhi Luo. "Multistable Tensegrity Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 137, no. 1 (January 2011): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000281.

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Norman, A. D., M. R. Golabchi, K. A. Seffen, and Simon D. Guest. "Multistable Textured Shell Structures." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.168.

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Multistable structures are a promising basis for reconfigurable systems. A multistable structure will remain in one of its stable configurations until actuation forces it to move to another stable configuration. This paper will describe a promising method of forming structures with useful multiple stable states by using prestressed textured shell surfaces. Textured shell structures have features at a scale intermediate between the global structural scale, and the material scale, and can have some remarkable structural properties. This paper will describe two simple examples: a globally flat, but corrugated shell, and a globally curved, doubly corrugated shell. Both structures show additional stable equilibrium configurations that would not be possible without the textured surface.

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Böhm, V., S. Sumi, T. Kaufhold, and K. Zimmermann. "Compliant multistable tensegrity structures." Mechanism and Machine Theory 115 (September 2017): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2017.04.013.

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Loukaides, Evripides G., Rhodri W. C. Lewis, and Christopher R. Bowen. "Additive manufacture of multistable structures." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 02LT02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aae4f6.

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Jeong, Hoon Yeub, Soo-Chan An, Yeonsoo Lim, Min Ji Jeong, Namhun Kim, and Young Chul Jun. "3D and 4D Printing of Multistable Structures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207254.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex structures that are difficult to realize with other conventional methods. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed components, which can respond to various environmental stimuli. This review introduces recent ideas in 3D and 4D printing of mechanical multistable structures. Three-dimensional printing of multistable structures can enable highly reconfigurable components, which can bring many new breakthroughs to 3D printing. By adopting smart materials in multistable structures, more advanced functionalities and enhanced controllability can also be obtained in 4D printing. This could be useful for various smart and programmable actuators. In this review, we first introduce three representative approaches for 3D printing of multistable structures: strained layers, compliant mechanisms, and mechanical metamaterials. Then, we discuss 4D printing of multistable structures that can help overcome the limitation of conventional 4D printing research. Lastly, we conclude with future prospects.

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Zhang, Ran, Thomas Auzinger, and Bernd Bickel. "Computational Design of Planar Multistable Compliant Structures." ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3453477.

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This article presents a method for designing planar multistable compliant structures. Given a sequence of desired stable states and the corresponding poses of the structure, we identify the topology and geometric realization of a mechanism—consisting of bars and joints—that is able to physically reproduce the desired multistable behavior. In order to solve this problem efficiently, we build on insights from minimally rigid graph theory to identify simple but effective topologies for the mechanism. We then optimize its geometric parameters, such as joint positions and bar lengths, to obtain correct transitions between the given poses. Simultaneously, we ensure adequate stability of each pose based on an effective approximate error metric related to the elastic energy Hessian of the bars in the mechanism. As demonstrated by our results, we obtain functional multistable mechanisms of manageable complexity that can be fabricated using 3D printing. Further, we evaluated the effectiveness of our method on a large number of examples in the simulation and fabricated several physical prototypes.

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Jianguo, Cai, Zhou Yuhang, Feng Jian, and Xu Yixiang. "A bistable rolling joint for multistable structures." Mechanics Research Communications 79 (January 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2016.11.003.

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Norman, A. D., K. A. Seffen, and S. D. Guest. "Multistable corrugated shells." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2095 (March 10, 2008): 1653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0216.

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We have been constructing and investigating multistable corrugated shell structures. The multistability arises from the interaction between internal prestresses created during forming and nonlinear geometrical changes during deformation. Using a simplified analytical elastic model, we homogenize the properties of the shells through simultaneously considering the material on two scales: the ‘local’ scale of the isotropic material; and the ‘global’ scale of the corrugated sheet, which is then modelled as an equivalent flat sheet with anisotropic properties. This model is applied to simulate two modes of bistability observed in prototypes: first, prestressed corrugated shells that, when buckled, can coil up into a tube repeatably and reversibly; and second, corrugated sheets with a symmetry-breaking ‘twisting’ curvature. The model gives an intuitive understanding of the behaviour, and has enabled us to understand forming processes that give the behaviour we wish, including tristable shells that combine both bistable modes.

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Melancon, David, Benjamin Gorissen, Carlos J. García-Mora, Chuck Hoberman, and Katia Bertoldi. "Multistable inflatable origami structures at the metre scale." Nature 592, no. 7855 (April 21, 2021): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03407-4.

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10

Yi, Shenghui, Lu Shen, Chih-Yung Wen, Xiaoqiao He, and Jian Lu. "Aerodynamic Performance of a Nanostructure-Induced Multistable Shell." Aerospace 8, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8110350.

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Multistable shells that have the ability to hold more than one stable configuration are promising for adaptive structures, especially for airfoil. In contrast to existing studies on bistable shells, which are well demonstrated by the Venus flytrap plant with the ability to feed itself, this work experimentally studies the aerodynamic response of various stable configurations of a nanostructure-induced multistable shell. This multistable shell is manufactured by using nanotechnology and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to locally process nine circular zones in an original flat plate. The aerodynamic responses of eight stable configurations of the developed multistable shell, including four twisted configurations and four untwisted configurations with different cambers, are visually captured and quantitively measured in a wind tunnel. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing different controllable configurations to adjust the aerodynamic performance of the multistable shell.

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Le Courtois, Olivier. "Some Further Results on the Tempered Multistable Approach." Asia-Pacific Financial Markets 25, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10690-018-9240-y.

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Abstract This article provides new results on the tempered multistable approach. After a preliminary section recalling the main definitions, we show the correspondence between a series representation and a characteristic function representation for asymmetrical field-based tempered multistable processes and for asymmetrical independent increments tempered multistable processes. We also show that both processes are semimartingales, which is a convenient property in finance. Next, we study the structure of autocorrelations that is conveyed by this approach. Finally, we provide an illustration showing the term structures of Value-at-Risk that can be obtained with this model.

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12

Michaelis, D., U. Peschel, and F. Lederer. "Multistable localized structures and superlattices in semiconductor optical resonators." Physical Review A 56, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): R3366—R3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.56.r3366.

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13

Hufenbach, W., M. Gude, and L. Kroll. "Design of multistable composites for application in adaptive structures." Composites Science and Technology 62, no. 16 (December 2002): 2201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00159-8.

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14

Cai, Jianguo, and Jian Feng. "Concept and behavior of rolling joints for multistable plate structures." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 4 (February 28, 2014): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/4/045011.

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15

Ye, Benyu, Zheng Zhang, Min Sun, Guang Zhang, Congda Lu, Huaping Wu, and Shaofei Jiang. "Multistable morphing structures integrated with non-symmetric/antisymmetric-layup connected laminates." Composite Structures 300 (November 2022): 116134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116134.

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Zhang, Zheng, Kai Pei, Min Sun, Helong Wu, Huaping Wu, Shaofei Jiang, and Feng Zhang. "Tessellated multistable structures integrated with new transition elements and antisymmetric laminates." Thin-Walled Structures 170 (January 2022): 108560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108560.

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17

Wang, Juntao, Fang Xu, Fangmei Liu, and Dong Zhao. "Optical bistable and multistable phenomena in aperiodic multilayer structures with graphene." Optical Materials 119 (September 2021): 111395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111395.

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18

Peretz, Ofek, Anand K. Mishra, Robert F. Shepherd, and Amir D. Gat. "Underactuated fluidic control of a continuous multistable membrane." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 10 (February 24, 2020): 5217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919738117.

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This work addresses the challenge of underactuated pattern generation in continuous multistable structures. The examined configuration is a slender membrane which can concurrently sustain two different equilibria states, separated by transition regions, and is actuated by a viscous fluid. We first demonstrate the formation and motion of a single transition region and then sequencing of several such moving transition regions to achieve arbitrary patterns by controlling the inlet pressure of the actuating fluid. Finally, we show that nonuniform membrane properties, along with transient dynamics of the fluid, can be leveraged to directly snap through any segment of the membrane.

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19

Vidoli, S., and C. Maurini. "Tristability of thin orthotropic shells with uniform initial curvature." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2099 (June 17, 2008): 2949–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2008.0094.

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Composite shells show a rich multistable behaviour of interest for the design of shape-changing (morphing) structures. Previous studies have investigated how the initial shape determines the shell stability properties. For uniform initial curvatures and orthotropic material behaviour, not more than two stable equilibria have been reported. In this paper, we prove that untwisted, uniformly curved, thin orthotropic shells can have up to three stable equilibrium configurations. Cases of tristability are first documented using a numerical stability analysis of an extensible shallow shell model. Including mid-plane extension shows that the shells must be sufficiently curved in relation to their thickness to be multistable. Thus, an inextensible model allows us to perform an analytical stability analysis. Focusing on untwisted initial configurations, we illustrate with simple analytical results how the material parameters of the shell control the dependence of its multistable behaviour on the initial curvatures. In particular, we show that when the bending stiffness matrix approaches a degeneracy condition, the shell exhibits three stable equilibria for a wide range of initial curvatures.

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20

Simiu, E., and M. Grigoriu. "Non-Gaussian Noise Effects on Reliability of Multistable Systems." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2827085.

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For certain types of compliant structures, the designer must consider limit states associated with the onset of fluidelastic instability. These limit states may include bifurcations from motion in a safe region of phase space to chaotic motion with exits (jumps) out of the safe region. In practice, such bifurcations occur in systems with noisy or stochastic excitations. For a wide class of dynamical systems, a fundamental connection between deterministic and stochastic chaos allows the application to stochastic systems of a necessary condition for the occurrence of chaos originally obtained by Melnikov for the deterministic case. We discuss the application of this condition to obtain probabilities that chaotic motions with jumps cannot occur in multistable systems excited by processes with tail-limited marginal distributions.

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21

Kidambi, Narayanan, Ryan L. Harne, and K. W. Wang. "Energy capture and storage in asymmetrically multistable modular structures inspired by skeletal muscle." Smart Materials and Structures 26, no. 8 (July 6, 2017): 085011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aa721a.

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22

Harne, Ryan L., and Benjamin A. Goodpaster. "Impedance measures in analysis and characterization of multistable structures subjected to harmonic excitation." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 98 (January 2018): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.04.036.

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23

GRIGORIEVA, E. V., and S. A. KASHCHENKO. "REGULAR AND CHAOTIC PULSATIONS IN LASER DIODE WITH DELAYED FEEDBACK." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, no. 06 (December 1993): 1515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127493001197.

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The dynamics of a semiconductor laser with delayed feedback are investigated on the basis of single-mode rate equations with retarded argument. Spontaneous emission in lasing mode, limited bandwidth of optoelectronic feedback and the presence of an impurity with saturable absorption are also taken into account. The existence of a hierarchy of multistable periodic attractors with different structures (slowly and rapidly oscillating ones) are found. Complex temporal structures: metastable chaotic regimes, quasiperiodic regimes and intermittency are obtained as a result of different bifurcations of multidimensional maps.

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24

Liu, Fan, Xihang Jiang, Xintao Wang, and Lifeng Wang. "Machine learning-based design and optimization of curved beams for multistable structures and metamaterials." Extreme Mechanics Letters 41 (November 2020): 101002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2020.101002.

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25

Goodpaster, Benjamin A., Ricardo A. Perez, and Ryan L. Harne. "Modal evaluation and generalized analysis of the steady-state dynamics of harmonically excited multistable structures." Journal of Sound and Vibration 432 (October 2018): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.06.049.

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26

Bao, Bocheng, Qinfeng Yang, Lei Zhu, Han Bao, Quan Xu, Yajuan Yu, and Mo Chen. "Chaotic Bursting Dynamics and Coexisting Multistable Firing Patterns in 3D Autonomous Morris–Lecar Model and Microcontroller-Based Validations." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 10 (September 2019): 1950134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419501347.

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A three-dimensional (3D) autonomous Morris–Lecar (simplified as M–L) neuron model with fast and slow structures was proposed to generate periodic bursting behaviors. However, chaotic bursting dynamics and coexisting multistable firing patterns have been rarely discussed in such a 3D M–L neuron model. For some specified model parameters, MATLAB numerical plots are executed by bifurcation plots, time sequences, phase plane plots, and 0–1 tests, from which diverse forms of chaotic bursting, chaotic tonic-spiking, and periodic bursting behaviors are uncovered in the 3D M–L neuron model. Furthermore, based on the theoretically constructing fold/Hopf bifurcation sets of the fast subsystem, the bifurcation mechanism for the chaotic bursting behaviors is thereby expounded qualitatively. Particularly, through numerically plotting the attraction basins related to the initial states under two sets of specific parameters, coexisting multistable firing patterns are demonstrated in the 3D M–L neuron model also. Finally, a digitally circuit-implemented electronic neuron is generated based on a low-power microcontroller and its experimentally captured results faultlessly validate the numerical plots.

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Mao, Jiangen, Min Lin, Yongmei Huang, and Xiaofeng Hu. "Double stochastic energetic resonance of underdamped two-scale bistable system." Physica Scripta 97, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 045208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5bc3.

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Abstract Multistable structures have abundant nonlinear characteristics, a multi-level system with large-scale and small-scale bistable structures is constructed, and its dynamic characteristic is discussed. Based on the complete Langevin equation with an inertial term and a variable damping term, the relationship between the Kramers escape rate and the damping coefficient is deduced and the approximate analytical expression of the output response in the underdamped state is established. From the view of the energy, the mechanism of double resonance and resonance effect enhancement induced by damping is further revealed with the energy dissipation caused by damping as the core. The physical quantity work is introduced to measure the strength of the resonance effect. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation indicate that as the damping coefficient decreases into the underdamping or even the weak damping scope, the double stochastic resonance phenomenon induced by noise still exists. The strongest resonance effect can be obtained with the optimal damping value.

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Zolfaghari-Nejad, Maryam, Hossein Hassanpoor, and Mostafa Charmi. "Numerical Analysis of a Novel 3D Chaotic System with Period-Subtracting Structures." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 31, no. 11 (September 2, 2021): 2150169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127421501698.

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In this work, we present a novel three-dimensional chaotic system with only two cubic nonlinear terms. Dynamical behavior of the system reveals a period-subtracting bifurcation structure containing all [Formula: see text]th-order ([Formula: see text]) periods that are found in the dynamical evolution of the novel system concerning different values of parameters. The new system could be evolved into different states such as point attractor, limit cycle, strange attractor and butterfly strange attractor by changing the parameters. Also, the system is multistable, which implies another feature of a chaotic system known as the coexistence of numerous spiral attractors with one limit cycle under different initial values. Furthermore, bifurcation analysis reveals interesting phenomena such as period-doubling route to chaos, antimonotonicity, periodic solutions, and quasi-periodic motion. In the meantime, the existence of periodic solutions is confirmed via constructed Poincaré return maps. In addition, by studying the influence of system parameters on complexity, it is confirmed that the chaotic system has high spectral entropy. Numerical analysis indicates that the system has a wide variety of strong dynamics. Finally, a message coding application of the proposed system is developed based on periodic solutions, which indicates the importance of studying periodic solutions in dynamical systems.

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Culha, Utku, Zoey S. Davidson, Massimo Mastrangeli, and Metin Sitti. "Statistical reprogramming of macroscopic self-assembly with dynamic boundaries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 21 (May 8, 2020): 11306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001272117.

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Self-assembly is a ubiquitous process that can generate complex and functional structures via local interactions among a large set of simpler components. The ability to program the self-assembly pathway of component sets elucidates fundamental physics and enables alternative competitive fabrication technologies. Reprogrammability offers further opportunities for tuning structural and material properties but requires reversible selection from multistable self-assembling patterns, which remains a challenge. Here, we show statistical reprogramming of two-dimensional (2D), noncompact self-assembled structures by the dynamic confinement of orbitally shaken and magnetically repulsive millimeter-scale particles. Under a constant shaking regime, we control the rate of radius change of an assembly arena via moving hard boundaries and select among a finite set of self-assembled patterns repeatably and reversibly. By temporarily trapping particles in topologically identified stable states, we also demonstrate 2D reprogrammable stiffness and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic clutching of the self-assembled structures. Our reprogrammable system has prospective implications for the design of granular materials in a multitude of physical scales where out-of-equilibrium self-assembly can be realized with different numbers or types of particles. Our dynamic boundary regulation may also enable robust bottom-up control strategies for novel robotic assembly applications by designing more complex spatiotemporal interactions using mobile robots.

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Kidambi, Narayanan, Ryan L. Harne, and K. W. Wang. "Corrigendum: Energy capture and storage in asymmetrically multistable modular structures inspired by skeletal muscle (2017 Smart Mater. Struct. 26 085011)." Smart Materials and Structures 26, no. 11 (October 13, 2017): 119503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aa8677.

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31

Yasuda, Hiromi, Hang Shu, Weijian Jiao, Vincent Tournat, and Jordan Raney. "Collisions of nonlinear waves in flexible mechanical metamaterials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010592.

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Flexible mechanical metamaterials are compliant structures designed to achieve desired mechanical properties via large deformation or rotation of their components. While their static properties (such as Poisson’s ratio) have been studied extensively, much less work has been done on their dynamic properties, especially nonlinear dynamic properties induced by large movement of internal components. Here, we examine the nonlinear dynamic response arising from impact loading of mechanical materials that consist of 1D and 2D arrangements of rotating squares, which leads to formation of solitons. Permanent magnets are added to the squares, which causes the metamaterial to become multistable. Rotations of the squares can thereby lead to sudden rearrangements of squares into new phases. We experimentally and numerically characterize the collisions of solitons in these flexible mechanical metamaterials, which, depending on their amplitude and chirality, can induce a variety of responses, including phase transitions.

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32

Vangelatos, Zacharias, Andrea Micheletti, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, and Fernando Fraternali. "Design and Testing of Bistable Lattices with Tensegrity Architecture and Nanoscale Features Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040652.

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A bistable response is an innate feature of tensegrity metamaterials, which is a conundrum to attain in other metamaterials, since it ushers unconventional static and dynamical mechanical behaviors. This paper investigates the design, modeling, fabrication and testing of bistable lattices with tensegrity architecture and nanoscale features. First, a method to design bistable lattices tessellating tensegrity units is formulated. The additive manufacturing of these structures is performed through multiphoton lithography, which enables the fabrication of microscale structures with nanoscale features and extremely high resolution. Different modular lattices, comprised of struts with 250 nm minimum radius, are tested under loading-unloading uniaxial compression nanoindentation tests. The compression tests confirmed the activation of the designed bistable twisting mechanism in the examined lattices, combined with a moderate viscoelastic response. The force-displacement plots of the 3D assemblies of bistable tensegrity prisms reveal a softening behavior during the loading from the primary stable configuration and a subsequent snapping event that drives the structure into a secondary stable configuration. The twisting mechanism that characterizes such a transition is preserved after unloading and during repeated loading-unloading cycles. The results of the present study elucidate that fabrication of multistable tensegrity lattices is highly feasible via multiphoton lithography and promulgates the fabrication of multi-cell tensegrity metamaterials with unprecedented static and dynamic responses.

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Han, Jeong Sam, Claas Müller, Ulrike Wallrabe, and Jan G. Korvink. "Design, Simulation, and Fabrication of a Quadstable Monolithic Mechanism With X- and Y-Directional Bistable Curved Beams." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 11 (November 20, 2006): 1198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2771577.

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This paper demonstrates a novel quadstable monolithic mechanism (QsMM), which provides four stable equilibrium positions within its planar operation range. The QsMM has been realized from the use of both X- and Y-directional bistable structures, which utilize curved snapping beams. Two pairs of curved beams were attached to an inner frame in both X and Y directions to present an independent bistable behavior in the directions. It was found out that the design of the inner frame is crucial for the quadstability and dynamic responses of the mechanism. A millimeter-scale brass mechanism was actually fabricated by ultraprecision milling to test the quadstability and the force-displacement behavior. The prototype clearly demonstrates four distinct stable positions in its millimeter-scale operation range. The design concept, finite element simulation, fabrication, and experimental measurement of the proposed multistable mechanism have been presented. The mechanical multistability of the proposed QsMM can be utilized for multiple switching and optical networking applications, yielding low power consumption operations.

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Bende, Nakul Prabhakar, Arthur A. Evans, Sarah Innes-Gold, Luis A. Marin, Itai Cohen, Ryan C. Hayward, and Christian D. Santangelo. "Geometrically controlled snapping transitions in shells with curved creases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 36 (August 20, 2015): 11175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509228112.

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Curvature and mechanics are intimately connected for thin materials, and this coupling between geometry and physical properties is readily seen in folded structures from intestinal villi and pollen grains to wrinkled membranes and programmable metamaterials. While the well-known rules and mechanisms behind folding a flat surface have been used to create deployable structures and shape transformable materials, folding of curved shells is still not fundamentally understood. Shells naturally deform by simultaneously bending and stretching, and while this coupling gives them great stability for engineering applications, it makes folding a surface of arbitrary curvature a nontrivial task. Here we discuss the geometry of folding a creased shell, and demonstrate theoretically the conditions under which it may fold smoothly. When these conditions are violated we show, using experiments and simulations, that shells undergo rapid snapping motion to fold from one stable configuration to another. Although material asymmetry is a proven mechanism for creating this bifurcation of stability, for the case of a creased shell, the inherent geometry itself serves as a barrier to folding. We discuss here how two fundamental geometric concepts, creases and curvature, combine to allow rapid transitions from one stable state to another. Independent of material system and length scale, the design rule that we introduce here explains how to generate snapping transitions in arbitrary surfaces, thus facilitating the creation of programmable multistable materials with fast actuation capabilities.

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Anilkumar, P. M., A. Haldar, S. Scheffler, B. N. Rao, and R. Rolfes. "Numerical Studies on the Design of Self-Resetting Active Bistable Cross-Shaped Structure for Morphing Applications." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08482.

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Multistable structures that possess more than one elastically stable equilibrium state are highly attractive for advanced shape-changing (morphing) applications due to the nominal control effort required to maintain the structure in any of its specific stable shapes. The aim of the paper is to develop a bistable cross-shaped structure consisting of symmetric and unsymmetric laminate actuated using Macro Fibre Composite (MFC) actuators. The critical snap-through voltages required to change the shapes are investigated in a commercially available finite element package. The use of MFC actuators to snap the bistable laminate from one equilibrium shape to another and back again (self-resetting) is demonstrated. A new cross-shaped design of active bistable laminate with MFC actuators is proposed where the cross-shape consist of four rectangles on the four legs and a square on the middle portion. All the rectangles are made up of unsymmetric laminates, and the central portion is designed with a symmetric laminate. MFC actuators are bonded on both sides of the four legs to trigger snap-through and snap-back actions. An attempt is made to address the possible design difficulties arising from the additional stiffness contribution by MFC layers on the naturally cured equilibrium shapes of cross-shaped bistable laminates.

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Pezoldt, Jörg, and Volker Cimalla. "Imprinting the Polytype Structure of Silicon Carbide by Rapid Thermal Processing." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060523.

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Silicon carbide is a material with a multistable crystallographic structure, i.e., a polytypic material. Different polytypes exhibit different band gaps and electronic properties with nearly identical basal plane lattice constants, making them interesting for heterostructures without concentration gradients. The controlled formation of this heterostructure is still a challenge. The ability to adjust a defined temperature–time profile using rapid thermal processing was used to imprint the polytype transitions by controlling the nucleation and structural evolution during the temperature ramp-up and the steady state. The influence of the linear heating-up rate velocity during ramp-up and steady-state temperature on the crystal structure of amorphized ion-implanted silicon carbide layers was studied and used to form heteropolytype structures. Integrating the structural selection properties of the non-isothermal annealing stage of the ion-implanted layers into an epitaxial growth process allows the imprinting of polytype patterns in epitaxial layers due to the structural replication of the polytype pattern during epitaxial growth. The developed methodology paves the way for structural selection and vertical and lateral polytype patterning. In rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition, the adjustment of the process parameters or the buffer layer allowed the nucleation and growth of wurtzite silicon carbide.

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37

Sobota, P. M., and K. A. Seffen. "Effects of boundary conditions on bistable behaviour in axisymmetrical shallow shells." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2203 (July 2017): 20170230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0230.

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Multistable shells are thin-walled structures that have more than one stable state of self-stress. We consider isotropic axisymmetrical shallow shells of arbitrary polynomial shapes using a Föppl–von Kármán analytical model. By employing a Rayleigh–Ritz approach, we identify stable shapes from local minima in the strain energy formulation, and we formally characterize the level of influence of the boundary conditions on the critical geometry for achieving bistable inversion—an effect not directly answered in the literature. Systematic insight is afforded by connecting the boundary to ground through sets of extensional and rotational linear springs. For typical cap-like shells, it is shown that bistability is generally enhanced when the extensional spring stiffness increases and when the rotational spring stiffness decreases, i.e. when boundary movements in-plane are resisted but when their rotations are not; however, for certain other shapes and large in-plane stiffness values, bistability can be enhanced by resisting but not entirely preventing edge rotations. Our predictions are furnished as detailed regime maps of the critical geometry, which are accurately correlated against finite-element analysis. Furthermore, the suitabilities of single degree-of-freedom models, for which solutions are achieved in closed form, are evaluated and compared to our more accurate predictions.

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Audissino, Emilio. "Aha, Ha! Moment: A Gestalt Perspective on Audiovisual Humour." Cinéma & Cie. Film and Media Studies Journal 22, no. 38 (June 27, 2022): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2036-461x/16912.

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In my previous work about film music, I had adopted Gestalt as a theoretical framework to explain the functions and effects of music in film, from a perspective that did not stem from musicology but from film studies. I developed what I call ‘micro/macro configurations’ analysis. In films, music contributes to the overall form with its specific gestalt (the configuration of the musical structures), and such musical gestalt meets the gestalt of some other cinematic device/s. Besides music, any device (light design, colour schemes, dialogue, acting, camerawork, cutting…) has a specific micro-configuration that can fuse with those of the other devices, and it can be analysed in terms of micro/macro-configuration. The product of the fusion of these micro-configurations is a macro-configuration in which the devices create an audiovisual whole that is ‘something else than the sum of its parts’. In this article I apply this Gestalt-inspired analytical approach to audiovisual humour, more specifically to ‘audiovisual puns’, ‘sight gags’, and ‘perceptual pranks’. The bulk of the examples come from the cinema of the Zucker-Abrahams-Zucker trio, whose comedy is largely based on a clash of incongruous micro-configurations, on perceptual accumulation that creates results similar to multistable figures, and even on comical optical illusions. Closing the article is a proposal that links Gestalt to the Release Theories of humour, explaining the laughter engendered by humour as a ‘Aha, Ha! moment’.

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Kulakov, Matvey, and E. Ya Frisman. "Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of a Population with Age Structure and Long-Range Interactions: Synchronization and Clustering." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 14, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2019.14.1.

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The paper proposed a mathematical model for spatio-temporal dynamics of two-age populations coupled by migration living on a two-dimensional areal. The model equation is a system of nonlocal coupled two-dimensional maps. We considered cases when populations are coupled in a certain neighborhood of different form: circle, square or rhombus. Special attention is paid to the situation when the intensity of the migrants flow between the territories decreases with increasing distance between them. For this model we study the conditions for the formation of groups of synchronous populations or clusters that form, in space, typical structures like spots or stripes mixed with solitary states. It is shown that the dynamics, in time, of different clusters may differ significantly and may not be coherent and correspond to several simultaneous multistable regimes or potential states of the local population. Such spatio-temporal regimes are forced and are caused by impacts or perturbations on a single or several populations when their number falls into the attraction basin of another regime. With strong coupling, such clusters are rare and are represented by single outbursts or solitary states. However, the decrease in the coupling strength leads to the fact that these outbursts cause oscillations of their neighbors, and in their neighborhood a cluster of solitary states is formed which is surrounded by subpopulations with a different type of dynamics. It was found that the interaction of different type of clusters leads to the formation of a large number of groups with transitional dynamics that were not described for local populations.

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Broerse, Jack, Rongxin Li, and Roderick Ashton. "Ambiguous Pictorial Depth Cues and Perceptions of Nonrigid Motion in the Three-Loop Figure." Perception 23, no. 9 (September 1994): 1049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p231049.

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The three-loop figure is a two-dimensional (2-D) pattern that generates (mis)perceptions of nonrigid three-dimensional (3-D) structure when rotated about its centre. Such observations have been described as counterexamples to the principle whereby a moving object is presumed to be rigid, provided that a rigid interpretation is possible (ie the ‘rigidity constraint’). In the present investigation we demonstrated that stationary three-loop figures exhibit many of the classic properties of multistable/ambiguous figures, with any one of several possible 3-D configurations being reported at any one instant. Further investigation revealed that perceived nonrigidity during rotation was markedly reduced (and rigidity enhanced) when the figure was modified with static pictorial depth cues (eg shading, interposition). These cues had no effect on the overall proportion of time that observers reported 3-D organisations in stationary versions of the figure, but significantly reduced the frequency of perceptual reorganisation, and increased the duration for reporting a particular organisation. Since each of the perceived 3-D structures in a stationary ambiguous 2-D figure has a unique kinetic counterpart (ie rigid transformation), we attribute the nonrigid structure perceived when the figure rotates to the integration of these otherwise inconsistent kinetic components; and have further illustrated this with modified versions of a Penrose impossible triangle. Under kinetic versions of the classical size/distance invariance hypothesis, the rigidity constraint may be considered to represent a special instance of size/shape constancy, in which case counterexamples involving (mis)perceptions of nonrigid structure are comparable to other well-known exceptions to such principles of minimum object change (eg classical illusions).

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Choi, Jin Woo. "An Analytical Study on the Structural Performance Evaluation of the Multistage Overturing Movable Gate." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 25, no. 6 (2013): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2013.25.6.613.

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Tate, Atsushi, Takanori Suzuki, and Hiroyuki Tsuda. "Multistage Polymeric Lens Structures Integrated into Silica Waveguides." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45, no. 8A (August 4, 2006): 6288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.45.6288.

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Xiao, J. C., Z. Lu, and K. J. Ma. "Multistage and multivariable optimization for hybrid spatial structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 10 (June 1, 2010): 012190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/10/1/012190.

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Kordecki, Wojciech. "Reliability bounds for multistage structures with independent components." Statistics & Probability Letters 34, no. 1 (May 1997): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7152(96)00164-2.

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Mao, Jia-Jia, Shuai Wang, Wei Tan, and Mingchao Liu. "Modular multistable metamaterials with reprogrammable mechanical properties." Engineering Structures 272 (December 2022): 114976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114976.

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Karamchandani, A., and C. A. Cornell. "Reliability Analysis of Truss Structures with Multistate Elements. II." Journal of Structural Engineering 118, no. 4 (April 1992): 910–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1992)118:4(910).

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Novellas, Merce Grau, Ramiro Serra, Matthias Rose, and Radu Secareanu. "Efficient Modeling of Multistage Integrated Circuit Passive Isolation Structures." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 60, no. 2 (April 2018): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2017.2714859.

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PETROSJAN, LEON, and SVETLANA MAMKINA. "DYNAMIC GAMES WITH COALITIONAL STRUCTURES." International Game Theory Review 08, no. 02 (June 2006): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198906000904.

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The paper explores the properties of multistage games with perfect information, in which (unlike the classic Kuhnian definition) the conditional coalition partition at any vertex is determined by a chance move and remains unchanged until the random process repeats at the next vertex. A new value for such a game is proposed in terms of a PMS-vector. It is computed by backward induction using conditional partition and transition in the vertices. An illustrative example is provided.

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Ma, Hongye, Ke Wang, Haifeng Zhao, Yilun Hong, Yanlin Zhou, Jing Xue, Qiushi Li, Gong Wang, and Bo Yan. "Energy dissipation in multistable auxetic mechanical metamaterials." Composite Structures 304 (January 2023): 116410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116410.

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Wen-Jyi Hwang and Haluk Derin. "Multistage storage- and entropy-constrained tree-structured vector quantization." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 44, no. 7 (July 1996): 1801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.510626.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multistable structures'

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