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Academic literature on the topic 'MULTISPECIES TEST'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "MULTISPECIES TEST"

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Kleinberg, AS, RL Meltzer, JR Schroeder, B. Benzing, MB Vieth, K. Greene, M. Therese Pravitz, J. Cairns, JR Pratt, and BR Niederlehner. "A Provisional Multispecies Toxicity Test Using Indigenous Organisms." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 13, no. 4 (1985): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11253j.

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Zhou, Yujie, Suping Wang, Xuedong Zhou, Yiran Zou, Mingyun Li, Xian Peng, Biao Ren, et al. "Short-Time Antibacterial Effects of Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate on Oral Multispecies Biofilm In Vitro." BioMed Research International 2019 (January 21, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6393470.

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Quaternary ammonium compounds constitute a large group of antibacterial chemicals with a potential for inhibiting dental plaque. The aims of this study were to evaluate short-time antibacterial and regulating effects of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) on multispecies biofilm viability, reformation, and bacterial composition in vitro. DMADDM, chlorhexidine (CHX), and sodium fluoride (NaF) were chosen in the present study. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii were used to form multispecies biofilm. Cytotoxicity assay was used to determine the optimal tested concentration. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and resazurin test of biofilm were conducted to study the biomass changes and metabolic changes of controlled multispecies biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe biofilm images. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the proportion change in multispecies biofilm of different groups. Cytotoxicity assay showed that there existed a certain concentration application range for DMADDM, CHX, and NaF. MTT assay and resazurin test results showed that DMADDM and CHX groups decreased multispecies biofilm growth and metabolic activity (p < 0.05), no matter after 1 min or 5 min direct contact killing or after 24 h regrowth. The proportion of S. mutans decreased steadily in DMADDM and CHX groups after 1 min and 5 min direct contact killing and 24 h regrowth, compared to control groups. A novel DMADDM-containing solution was developed, achieving effective short-time antibacterial effects and regulation ability of biofilm formation.
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Waltho, N., and J. Kolasa. "Organization of instabilities in multispecies systems, a test of hierarchy theory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91, no. 5 (March 1, 1994): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.5.1682.

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Cutrufelli, Mark E., Richard P. Mageau, Bernard Schwab, and Ralph W. Johnston. "Development of a Multispecies Identification Field Test by Modified Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 5 (September 1, 1993): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.5.1022.

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Abstract A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples.
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Scheld, Andrew M., and Christopher M. Anderson. "Selective fishing and shifting production in multispecies fisheries." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 3 (March 2017): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0494.

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A limited ability to target or avoid individual stocks complicates successful output management in multispecies fisheries. For vessels in these fisheries, reducing harvest of one species often requires simultaneous reductions in harvest of other stocks. The extent to which multispecies allocation targets can be met may depend critically on harvesters’ ability to substitute production across species. We introduce a measure of compositional control that captures the level of forgone production resulting from imperfect selectivity. This metric is then applied to data from the New England multispecies groundfish fishery and used to test for evidence of limited selectivity in the composition of individual vessel daily landings. Results indicate that increases in landings of one species generally require simultaneous increases in landings of other species — a finding that suggests difficulty in substituting production across groundfish species. Our measure is seen to vary widely through time as well as across vessels and species and may be affected by both environmental conditions and incentives created through management. The model developed here should hold value for managers and researchers seeking to assess interstock economic trade-offs in multispecies fisheries.
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Davis, J. A., D. B. Kent, J. A. Coston, K. M. Hess, and J. L. Joye. "Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions." Water Resources Research 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900282.

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Stone, S., M. S. Adams, J. L. Stauber, D. F. Jolley, and M. St J. Warne. "Development and application of a multispecies toxicity test with tropical freshwater microalgae." Environmental Pollution 250 (July 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.058.

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Soviati, Nely, Armelia Sari Widyarman, and Ciptadhi Tri Oka Binartha. "The Effect Ant-Nest Plant (Myrmecodia pendans) Extract on Streptococcus sanguinis and Treponema denticola Biofilms." Journal of Indonesian Dental Association 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jida.v3i1.401.

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Introduction: Ant-nest plant (Myrmecodia pendans) contains triterpenoid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin that acts as antibacterial substance. Objectives: This study’s aim was to analyze the effect of Myrmecodia pendans extract effect towards biofilm of Streptococcus sanguinis and Treponema denticola. Methods: Ant-nest plant was extracted using maceration technique. The obtained extract was diluted into five different concentrations using phosphate buffer saline (PBS). S. sanguinis and T. denticola ATCC 35405 were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, 48h, 37°C, anaerobic atmosphere and distributed into four 96 well-plate for 24h to form biofilm. Subsequently, the extract was distributed into the well that contained the mono-species and multispecies biofilm and then incubated for 1h, 3h, 6h and 24h. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as positive control and BHI broth was used as negative control. The biofilm was stained using crystal-violet and measured by microplate reader with a wavelength of 490 nm. Data were statistically analyze using one-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test which p < 0,05 was set as significant difference. Result: The most effective concentrations to reduce mono-species biofilm were 100% in 1h incubation period for S. sanguinis (OD = 1,403 ± 0,019) and 24h for T. denticola (OD = 1,012 ± 0,037) and multispecies biofilm (OD = 0,984 ± 0,001) compared to negative control. Statistical analysis showed that ant-nest plant extract significantly reduced S. sanguinis, T. denticola and multispecies biofilm mass compared to negative control (p < 0,05). Conclusion: The ant-nest plant extract has inhibitory effects against S. sanguinis and T. denticola biofilm and it may be used as alternative for dental therapy. Future studies are needed to evaluate the potential of ant-nest plant extract in multispecies composed of other oral bacteria.
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Morgan, E. L., R. C. Young, C. N. Crane, and B. J. Armigate. "Developing Automated Multispecies Biosensing for Contaminant Detection." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0113.

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Automated biomonitoring may provide real-time functional information from cause/effect relationships between developing toxicity and a representative aquatic animal. However, since the applicability of single-species biomonitoring information may be subject to question when viewed in light of community toxicity and ecological quality control programs, we developed a computer-assisted multiple species biosensing system for water quality monitoring. In addition to fish, emphasis was placed on detecting species-specific bioelectric potentials produced by unrestrained mussels, burrowing mayfly nymph (Hexagenia spp.) and preliminary work with case building caddis fly larva. A specially designed differential amplifier was used for measuring bioelectric potentials induced from various activities of test subjects. Selected responses were detected as discrete analog signals, digitized and filed on computer disk. A management program provided various means for data gathering, filing and retrieval. Two pilot biomonitors were developed, each consisting of an instrumentation minicomputer with up to 12 biosensor input channels and various output peripherals including hardcopy and modem. These systems, combined with an IBM-XT personal computer based biomonitor interfaced to 24 multi-channel biosensor and physical parameter inputs, complete the present network. Results show that bioelectric signals generated from a variety of freshwater species may be easily monitored in a similar manner and viewed as representative measures in community toxicity testing.
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Heinrichs, Julie A., Joshua J. Lawler, Nathan H. Schumaker, Chad B. Wilsey, Kira C. Monroe, and Cameron L. Aldridge. "A multispecies test of source–sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations." Conservation Biology 32, no. 3 (March 6, 2018): 648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13058.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MULTISPECIES TEST"

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Pontasch, Kurt Walter. "Multispecies toxicity tests using indigenous organisms: predicting the effects of hazardous materials in streams." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49925.

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The purpose of the investigation presented in chapter 1 was to determine which of the following artificial stream designs would be most logistically simple yet effective in maintaining riffle insects during a 30-d bioassay: 1) static and no current (S-NC); 2) flow-through and no current (FT-NC); 3) static with current (S-C); or 4) flow-through with current (FT-C). Flow-through and current, when provided, were 12 ml min⁻¹ and 30 cm sec⁻¹, respectively. Streams were covered by emergence traps, and daylight equivalent lights provided a natural photoperiod. The four stream designs were evaluated in triplicate based on changes in insect species-abundances after 30 d. Test organisms were transferred to the artificial streams in rock-filled containers previously colonized for 30 d in a third-order mountain stream riffle. Relative to benthic samples taken directly from the source riffle, the artificial substrates selected for collector-filterers and against collector-gatherers. The FT-C and S-C stream designs maintained most taxa at or above initial densities. Emergent adults comprised a large proportion of mayfly and chironomid densities and must be monitored during bioassays with aquatic insects. The Investigation reported in chapter 2 was conducted to determine if contaminant-induced changes in macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities in laboratory stream microcosms could be used to predict macroinvertebrate and periphyton responses In a natural stream receiving the same contaminant. The microcosms were dosed in quadruplicate with four (0.0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0%) concentrations of a complex effluent; these concentrations reflected those in the field. Mayfly densities in the microcosms were significantly (P≤0.05) reduced at 1.0 or 10.0% effluent depending on species. Hydropsychlds were not affected by the effluent, and chironomids and periphyton were stimulated. Overall, the stream microcosms accurately predicted the macroinvertebrate and periphyton response observed in the field. Chapter 3 compared responses to a complex effluent from microcosms of indigenous macroinvertebrates and protozoans to responses observed in acute tests with Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas and chronic survival and reproductive tests with C. dubia The predictive utility of these various tests was then evaluated against observed effects in the receiving stream. The LC₅₀s (% effluent) from the acute tests were 63.09 for Pimephales promelas, 18.8 to 31.3 for Daphnia magna and 54.7 for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Results from 7-day chronic tests indicated that C. dubia survival was significantly (P≤0.05) affected at 30% effluent and reproduction was affected at concentrations ≥3.0% effluent. In the protozoan microcosms, community composition was significantly (P≤0.05) changed at 1.0%; while protozoan species richness was significantly reduced at 3.0% effluent. The microcosms not only were the most sensitive indicators of effluent toxicity, they also correctly predicted which indigenous organisms would be lost and which would be stimulated at various ambient concentrations of the effluent. In the fourth chapter canonical discriminant analysis, 2 diversity indices, and 7 community comparison indices were evaluated to determine their utility in quantifying macroinvertebrate response to a complex effluent in laboratory microcosms. A permutation and randomization procedure was used to test the hypothesis of no treatment effect based on the community comparison indices. The Bray-Curtis index provided the most meaningful condensation of the data.
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Books on the topic "MULTISPECIES TEST"

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Livingston, Robert J. Field validation of laboratory-derived multispecies aquatic test systems : project summary. Gulf Breeze, Fla: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1985.

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A, Davis J., and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development., eds. Multispecies reactive tracer test in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Cincinnati, OH: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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Lightner, Donald V. An enclosed aquatic multispecies test system for testing microbial pest control agents with non-target species. Gulf Breeze, FL: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "MULTISPECIES TEST"

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Butovsky, R. O. "Multispecies Test-Systems in Soil Ecotoxicology: Case Study." In Soil & Environment, 601–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_159.

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"Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques." In Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques, edited by Jeffrey A. Falke and Kurt D. Fausch. American Fisheries Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874141.ch10.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Stream fishes carry out their life histories across broad spatial and temporal scales, leading to spatially structured populations. Therefore, incorporating metapopulation dynamics into models of stream fish populations may improve our ability to understand mechanisms regulating them. First, we reviewed empirical research on metapopulation dynamics in the stream fish ecology literature and found 31 papers that used the metapopulation framework. The majority of papers applied no specific metapopulation model, or included space only implicitly. Although parameterization of spatially realistic models is challenging, we suggest that stream fish ecologists should incorporate space into models and recognize that metapopulation types may change across scales. Second, we considered metacommunity theory, which addresses how trade-offs among dispersal, environmental heterogeneity, and biotic interactions structure communities across spatial scales. There are no explicit tests of metacommunity theory using stream fishes to date, so we used data from our research in a Great Plains stream to test the utility of these paradigms. We found that this plains fish metacommunity was structured mainly by spatial factors related to dispersal opportunity and, to a lesser extent, by environmental heterogeneity. Currently, metacommunity models are more heuristic than predictive. Therefore, we propose that future stream fish metacommunity research should focus on developing testable hypotheses that incorporate stream fish life history attributes, and seasonal environmental variability, across spatial scales. This emerging body of research is likely to be valuable not only for basic stream fish ecological research, but also multispecies conservation and management.
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"Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation." In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, edited by Jonathan F. Hansen, Greg G. Sass, Jereme W. Gaeta, Gretchen A. Hansen, Daniel A. Isermann, John Lyons, and M. Jake Vander Zanden. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch18.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Largemouth Bass (LMB) <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> is one of the most popular sport fish in the United States and is intensively managed across much of its range. Beginning in 1989, Wisconsin implemented more restrictive harvest regulations for LMB, including greater minimum length limits, reduced bag limits, and a catch-and-release-only season during the spawning period across much of northern Wisconsin. We tested for trends in LMB relative abundance, growth, and angler catch and harvest in relation to LMB management policies from 1990 to 2011. We also tested for potential sport fish community responses to changes in LMB abundances using Walleye (WAE) <em>Sander vitreus</em> as an example. Angler catch rates and electrofishing catch per unit effort of LMB greater than 8 and 14 in increased significantly statewide. Mean length of age-6 LMB decreased significantly statewide. Release rates of LMB increased from about 80% in 1991 and then plateaued at more than 96% from 2005 to 2011. Concurrent with increases in LMB, adult WAE densities declined in lakes containing LMB. Ongoing research is being conducted to test for interactions between LMB and WAE and to test for additional environmental drivers, such as climate warming, that may be associated with increased LMB abundances. Largemouth Bass abundances have increased in Wisconsin, possibly in response to changes in harvest regulations, angler behavior, and potentially other environmental drivers. These increases in LMB abundances have had negative intraspecific effects on growth and may be negatively affecting WAE stocks. We recommend that management goals for LMB consider intra- and interspecific consequences, particularly in water bodies where multispecies fisheries are desired.
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