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Bakken, Tor Haakon, Ingunn Saur Modahl, Hanne Lerche Raadal, Ana Adeva Bustos, and Silje Arnøy. "Allocation of water consumption in multipurpose reservoirs." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2016): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.009.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources represented a benchmark in the assessment of water consumption from electricity production. The numbers for hydropower ranged from very low to much larger than the other renewable technologies, partly explained by methodological problems. One of the methodological shortcomings identified was the lack of guidance on how to allocate the water consumption rates in multipurpose reservoirs. This paper is, according to the authors’ knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate, test and propose a methodology for the allocation of water consumption from such reservoirs. We tested four different allocation methods in four different cases, all serving three to five functions, including drinking water supply, irrigation, flood control, industrial water, ecological flow and power generation. Based on our case studies we consider volume allocation to be the most robust approach for allocating water consumption between functions in multipurpose reservoirs. The spatial boundaries of the analysis should follow the boundaries of the hydraulic system. We recommend that data should preferably be gathered from one source for all functions, to ensure a consistent calculation approach. We believe the findings are relevant for similar allocation problems, such as allocation of energy investments and green-house gas emissions from multipurpose reservoirs.
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Choi, J. Y. "Nonpoint source pollution management for the multipurpose dam watersheds." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 11 (June 1, 2008): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.271.
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Main pollution sources in multipurpose dam watersheds in Korea are highland fields, stream banks, livestock farms, roads, and construction sites. Specifically, highland fields are the major nonpoint pollution sources. Excessive organic chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticide can be exuded from the land, and the area is likely to be eroded by heavy rain. Fallow, conservative cultivation, and covering can be alternatives for soil protection and reinforcement. In addition to these, construction of detour waterways and improvement of irrigation method can minimize the impact of runoff. In the case of slope in 15% degree or more, prohibiting cultivation and restoring the surface is preferred to improving cultivation method in order to control nonpoint pollution sources efficiently.
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Kunwar, Moti Bahadur. "Rationale of Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project for Reduction of Energy Crisis and Mitigating the Impacts of Mahakali Flood and Subsequent Economic Development of Nepal and India." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 14 (October 14, 2014): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11247.
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The proposed 315m high dam Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project (PMP) is a bi-national scheme on the Mahakali River that forms the border between Nepal and India. In the first week of July 2013, flooding on the Mahakali River caused extensive damages in district headquarter of Darchula district of Nepal and downstream area. The implementation of the proposed Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project (6480+240 MW) could solve the current energy crisis, provide flood control, and generate reliable source of revenue from the export of hydropower for both Nepal and India. However, despite the possible advantages, PMP is still only a plan 18 years after its initiation with the 1996 Mahakali Treaty ratified by the Nepalese parliament. Therefothere, Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project should be jointly developed as soon as possible for the mutual benefit of both nations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11247HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 14, 2014, JanuaryPage: 16-20
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Sinaga, Sabrina Biutiqwin, Solikhun S, and Dedi Suhendro. "Pengelompokkan Sumber Air Minum Dari Air Sungai Menggunakan Metode K-Means." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v6i1.289.
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River water is one of the most frequently used water by the community and has a multipurpose function for life, one of which is a source of drinking water. However, now we know that the population of river water pollution is very high and it is used as a waste disposal site which causes a lot of river water to be polluted, it can make people susceptible to disease because they consume unhealthy river water. Judging from the data obtained by province, many use river water as a source of drinking water, for this reason the authors conducted a study that aims to classify drinking water sources from river water by province using the K-means Clustering algorithm and will test it with the Rapidminer application, so that Data from 34 provinces will be divided into 3 clusters in which cluster 1 (C1) is a high group, cluster 2 (C2) is a medium group, and cluster 3 (C3) is a low group. The results obtained from this study are C1 with a total of 2 provinces, C2 with a total of 9 provinces, C3 with a total of 23 provinces and the value of the results carried out with the Rapidminer application has the same value. With this research, it is hoped that this can provide information for the government about the data on the grouping of drinking water sources and used as a consideration for overcoming polluted rivers.
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Hock Hwee, Heng, Hii Ching Poon, Siaw Fei Lu, and Pan Wang Fook. "Converting Dam: from Water Supply to Hydropower Generation." Journal of Engineering & Technological Advances 2, no. 1 (2017): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35934/segi.v2i1.37.
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This study investigates the feasibility of converting four (4) existing single purpose water supply reservoir schemes into conjunctive hydropower operation that could supply raw waters to respective water treatment plants and at the same time, generate power. These dams with proper retrofitting exercises could be a potential hydropower cum direct water supply reservoir operation. The change in operation does not only berth well with current trend of dual or multipurpose functions of the reservoir scheme but also in light of emerging role of hydropower as a mature and steady source of renewable energy. These dams were assessed for retrofitting with turbine to generate hydroelectricity and at the same time, to supply raw water to both water supply schemes. Despite the advantages of this dual function of the existing reservoirs schemes, this study however concludes infeasible tasks as only less than 1 MW of firm power can be harnessed. To reconfigure these existing infrastructures for purpose other than for the single purpose of water supply requires optimum storage capacity and hydraulic head, the two most important variables, in essence, especially for viable hydropower generation. In addition, the height of the dam dictates critically the magnitude of effective head but unfortunately unavailable readily for most of the existing dams evaluated in this Study. They are less than 60 m in height in general. The design philosophy for the reservoir schemes at their preliminary conceptualization also does not support future multipurpose components of the reservoir operation. However a positive development of these potential schemes could be beneficial to supply power to the local community in the surrounding areas in additional to plant consumption.
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Krocova, Sarka, and Karla Barcova. "Checking The Hydraulic Efficiency and Improving Safety of the Internal Water Supply." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2018.2.121-125.
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Water management systems in industrial facilities, industrial zones, hospitals and other internal water systems relatively frequently fail to meet the intended purpose for which they were built when an extraordinary event occurs. They may even pose a safety hazard. The causes of this condition may be of internal or external origin. Given that internal water supply systems of large premises always have a multipurpose character, i.e. to provide enough drinking water for drinking and sanitation purposes and also as a source of fire water for the fire safety of buildings, they must meet a wide range of hydraulic conditions and technical-operational capabilities. By what means and methods it is possible to achieve the desired state in economically-acceptable dimensions, while maintaining all the necessary hydraulic capabilities of the supply points of drinking and fire water, is briefly described in this article.
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Oppeltová, Petra, and Tomáš Priehoda. "Evaluation of the Vranov Reservoir Functions." Ekológia (Bratislava) 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 386–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0039.
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Abstract Study area – Vranov reservoir on the river Dyje lies in the South Moravian region in the Czech Republic. A multipurpose reservoir, Vranov, is a significant hydraulic structure whose primary purpose is water retention, including managing flood conditions. The reservoir itself and its surroundings are intensively used for recreation, and a hydroelectric power station has also been built there. In 1982, the reservoir began to be used as a source of drinking water. The objective of this study is to elaborate hydrological data – daily total precipitation and daily surface runoff – from 1981 to 2019, evaluate the influence of the Vranov water work, focusing on the hydrological extremes, and evaluate individual functions of this reservoir. The results showed an increase in the number of days of hydrological drought. The influence of the dam as a flood protection element is significant – in summer 2006, a peak of flow rate value of 551 m3 s−1 was transformed to 234 m3 s−1. The reservoir itself and its catchment area have multipurpose usage. Problems may arise in connection with extreme hydrological events when the reservoir cannot perform all its functions at the same time as it does at normal water levels and runoffs. Whether in times of flood or drought, it is necessary to resort to emergency manipulation of the reservoir and choose which of the purposes of the reservoir will be primary at that time.
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Kim, Geonwoo, Insuck Baek, Matthew D. Stocker, Jaclyn E. Smith, Andrew L. Van Tassell, Jianwei Qin, Diane E. Chan, Yakov Pachepsky, and Moon S. Kim. "Hyperspectral Imaging from a Multipurpose Floating Platform to Estimate Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Irrigation Pond Water." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132070.
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This study provides detailed information about the use of a hyperspectral imaging system mounted on a motor-driven multipurpose floating platform (MFP) for water quality sensing and water sampling, including the spatial and spectral calibration for the camera, image acquisition and correction procedures. To evaluate chlorophyll-a concentrations in an irrigation pond, visible/near-infrared hyperspectral images of the water were acquired as the MFP traveled to ten water sampling locations along the length of the pond, and dimensionality reduction with correlation analysis was performed to relate the image data to the measured chlorophyll-a data. About 80,000 sample images were acquired by the line-scan method. Image processing was used to remove sun-glint areas present in the raw hyperspectral images before further analysis was conducted by principal component analysis (PCA) to extract three key wavelengths (662 nm, 702 nm, and 752 nm) for detecting chlorophyll-a in irrigation water. Spectral intensities at the key wavelengths were used as inputs to two near-infrared (NIR)-red models. The determination coefficients (R2) of the two models were found to be about 0.83 and 0.81. The results show that hyperspectral imagery from low heights can provide valuable information about water quality in a fresh water source.
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Bondarenko, Vladimir, Elgudzha Khetsuriani, Allaberdy Ilyasov, and Elena Semenova. "METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ZONES OF INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL WATER SYSTEMS MULTIPURPOSE WATER SUPPLY URBAN HOUSEHOLDS AND THE ECONOMY." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 4(28) (January 10, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-28-4-25-35.
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In the development of a specialized type of natural and technical systems (PTS) "Natural water environ-ment-water Intake technological complex-multi - purpose water supply System" ("P. V. S. - V. T. K.-S. M. V.") of urban households and economic objects on the basis of the results of long-term studies of the existing "V. T. K." in the Lower reaches of the Don river, the methodological basis for assessing the zones of their influ-ence in the considered spatial limits of the basin geosystem has been developed. On the basis of the formulat-ed principles of ecological acceptability of the used constructive and technological solutions on the basis of "V. T. K." quantitative and qualitative criteria environmental indicators of environmental safety, which are manifested in the established boundaries of the zones of influence in the considered region of the basin ge-osystem, have been developed. The main quantitative criteria are: preservation of the diversity of fauna and flora in the water body as a water source, protection of the water treatment system "S. M. V." from blue-green algae and river dreysen . The results of the research are implemented in the Alexander "V. T. K." urban farms of Rostov-on-don, Aksai and Bataysk .
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Cuppens, A., G. Menesse, E. Caligaris, O. Marecos, and G. Wyseure. "A low-cost, open-source autonomous surface vehicle as a multipurpose waste stabilization pond monitoring platform." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (November 7, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.110.
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Abstract Although waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are widely used in developing countries, monitoring data on their operational performance are scarce. Traditional methods for monitoring in-pond conditions, i.e. conducting hand held measurements from a small boat or installing fixed sensor networks, are not straightforward to realize and create an unhealthy working environment for field workers. A promising technology for the safe and efficient collection of monitoring data is a compact autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), capable of autonomous navigation along a predefined trajectory based on geographic coordinates and measurements in different places and depths. In this practical paper, the development process, technical details and functional testing results of a low-cost ASV for WSP monitoring are presented. Commonly available construction materials and electronic components were used to ensure affordability and reparability. The access to online tutorials and peer-support was crucial for assembling the open-source autopilot and data logger. The ASV demonstrated satisfactory performance for both the autonomous navigation as well as the georeferenced data logging of measurements at a real-scale WSP in Paraguay. This study demonstrates how the adoption of open-source hardware and software offers the flexibility for the wastewater professionals to develop customized DIY solutions for specific monitoring applications and working environments.
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Standish-Lee, P., and E. Loboschefsky. "Protecting public health from the impact of body-contact recreation." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 10 (May 1, 2006): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.313.
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Population growth and the increasing demand for recreational opportunities have put public and political pressure on water purveyors to make every water body available for multipurpose use. There is increasing evidence that full water-body contact recreation such as swimming, and water/jet skiing may add significantly more microorganisms such as viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium to a water body when compared with non-body contact recreational waters. Body-contact recreation also poses a risk to the consumer inadvertently ingesting contaminated water. Waterborne disease outbreaks caused by recreation are well documented with the endemic rate and the risk level to the public estimated to be very high. Since 1989, 171 outbreaks, associated with recreational water, have been documented in the USA with more than 15,000 individuals infected; these outbreaks occurred in both natural and artificial settings. Discussions on the recently published Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2) have focused on varied treatment goals related to microbiological quality and source water protection methods at the heart of this discussion. This paper highlights new studies on risk from recreation, proposed beach standards, modeling to assess the risk of infection, political issues associated with limiting recreation, and what water utilities can do to reduce risk.
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Ondrasik, F., and S. Krocova. "Wastewater recycling and the possibility of its technical use in practice." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 900, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/900/1/012030.
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Abstract In real practice, almost half of the water, after its technical or technological use in various degrees of pollution, is drained by sewerage systems to wastewater treatment plants and subsequently discharged into the recipients of rivers and streams. The current and especially the future method of urban and industrial wastewater treatment is at such a high level that the treated water, before its discharge into the recipients, has a higher degree of quality than the flowing surface water in the watercourse. Under these ever-improving conditions and possibilities, it is appropriate to use well-treated wastewater not only for the needs of agriculture, but also as an alternative supply of fire water for fire purposes. The dislocation of wastewater treatment plants (hereinafter WWTP) in territorial cadastres with safe access to the opened level of treated water allows its relatively rapid pumping at any time, especially in conditions where there is no other suitable natural or multipurpose source of fire water. The following article suggests in a basic way how to use the given options without the risk that the treated wastewater will not endanger the health of fire brigades or will not have the negative impact on the environment of the extinguished building and its surroundings in which the fire is extinguished.
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Hermani, Bambang. "Service Based Practical Technology Drinking Water Heater with Heat Smoke Recovery of Multipurpose Diesel Motorcycle Exhaust for Wooden Fisherman Boat Power." Barakuda 45: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v4i2.315.
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The gas power cycle of a four-stroke combustion engine is obtained from a mixture of diesel injection+compressed hot air as the working fluid, which in this case is taken from a versatile type of diesel engine from all kinds of fishing communities on the north coast of Java Island, it can be said that in general the use of multipurpose diesel engines used as a propulsion engine for fishing boats. A common sight for Pantura fishermen is hot smoke exhaust from the exhaust of a multipurpose diesel motor driving a wooden fishing boat released into the air. Eventually, it becomes a source of air pollution around the ship, especially nitrogen oxides, which are toxic to human respiration; hot smoke waste resulting from the combustion process released through the piston engine exhaust system still contains valuable energy potential in the form of hot gas released by the exhaust which if attempted to heat the hot gas energy before being discharged into the ambient air, the heat energy can be recovered by installing additional heat exchangers as a benefit of heat sources for heat exchange heaters or heaters the result is cold drinking water turns into hot drinking water. Heat balance is the calculation of the heat released in the combustion of fuel+air in the combustion chamber and its utilization in the transfer of cold fluids to hot fluids, which is the heat energy content of explosion in compression combustion engines based on fossil fuels. All heat products of combustion cannot be converted 100% into practical motor work or power; energy transfer is lost from the combustion motor, such as 25%, to cooling water 32%, in the exhaust gas 34%, pumping losses, 3%, losses -friction loss between parts due to lousy machining inaccuracy 6% and radiation to the air environment. A drinking water heater with hot smoke recovery from a versatile diesel motor exhaust driving a wooden fishing boat works by recovering or recovering heat energy from the exhaust gas in the exhaust directly from the combustion process cycle in a piston-type combustion engine. The hot flue gas flow is forced into direct contact with the wall of the heat exchanger tube before exiting the exhaust. As long as the piston combustion motor is running, the hot stream from the exhaust gas flows into the shell & tube heat exchanger shell. This experiment aims to get clean hot water 70OC with a linked cold water mass = 0.0064 kg/s at 28OC. Another effect of this experiment is to control exhaust emissions into the atmosphere from internal combustion engines.
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Rahman, Md Wakilur, Md. Asaduzzaman, Md Salauddin Palash, and Shokhrukh–Mirzo Jalilov. "Assessment of Gender Priority on Groundwater Utilization in Northwestern Bangladesh." Forestry & Agriculture Review 1, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47285/far.v1i2.36.
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The present study was undertaken to find out gender-specific priorities in groundwater utilization for crop production and domestic uses, and also to identify various problems and constraints faced in groundwater utilization. A total of 60 farm households were selected randomly for empirical investigation from two northwestern districts of Bangladesh. Among these selected households, both husband and wife were interviewed separately. Both descriptive and econometric (logistic regression) analyses were performed. Groundwater is the main source of irrigation and household water and it is supplied by both public and private enterprises. The availability of water is scarce in the study location hence people use irrigation water for most of their domestic activities. Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (state-run) operated tube wells that contributed 87% of the domestic water uses in the study area. Logistic regression results confirm that priorities of groundwater utilization vary across gender. Females have a greater preference for domestic uses of groundwater while males have a preference for crop irrigation. One of the major factors of preference variation is that female has to spent a good amount of time in fetching water for domestic uses. Water management policies should consider these utilization preferences to avoid extra burden on women in fetching water from away. The study suggests better institutional arrangements for groundwater availability for crop production and domestic uses towards ensuring food security and health benefits.
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Sharma, Nishesh, Ajay Singh, Felicia Lalremruati, _. Vanlalmalsawmi, and Rohit Sharma. "Diverse application and future prospects for commercial cultivation of microalgae species: A review." Plant Science Today 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.4.581.
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Industrial revolutions, advancements in health care, pharmaceuticals, transportation can be attributed to advancements made in the field of science and technology. Environment and natural resources has paid a heavy cost for most of industrial development. Rapid depletion of non-renewable sources of energy eventually leading towards the energy crisis, direct or indirect release of industrial effluents into soil and natural water bodies, global warming are among major consequences of industrialization. Ever since these environmental concerns have been recognized substantial studies have been conducted to minimize, control pollution and restore environment and natural resources. Among several measures cultivation of algae on large scale stands out to be a multipurpose solution. Inherent potential of microalgae species to accumulate lipids makes algae an efficient source of biofuel. Beside this ability of algae to detoxify polluted water and industrial effluent support utilization of algae for environment management and restoration. Efficient CO2 fixation, ability to tolerate wide range of environmental conditions, minimal nutritional requirements further support commercial cultivation of algal species to achieve their widespread application. However, efforts are required to develop large scale cultivation protocols (beyond the range of photobioreactors) so as to achieve practical applicability of algae and their products. Alongwith, cultivation protocols there is simultaneous need of either selection of naturally occurring high yielding strains / species or genetic improvement. Standardization of optimum cultivation conditions along with harvesting procedure is equally important.
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Förster, Jan-David, Christian Gurk, Mark Lamneck, Haijie Tong, Florian Ditas, Sarah S. Steimer, Peter A. Alpert, et al. "MIMiX: a Multipurpose In situ Microreactor system for X-ray microspectroscopy to mimic atmospheric aerosol processing." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 3717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3717-2020.
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Abstract. The dynamic processing of aerosols in the atmosphere is difficult to mimic under laboratory conditions, particularly on a single-particle level with high spatial and chemical resolution. Our new microreactor system for X-ray microscopy facilitates observations under in situ conditions and extends the accessible parameter ranges of existing setups to very high humidities and low temperatures. With the parameter margins for pressure (180–1000 hPa), temperature (∼250 K to room temperature), and relative humidity (∼0 % to above 98 %), a wide range of tropospheric conditions is covered. Unique features are the mobile design and compact size that make the instrument applicable to different synchrotron facilities. Successful first experiments were conducted at two X-ray microscopes, MAXYMUS, located at beamline UE46 of the synchrotron BESSY II, and PolLux, located at beamline X07DA of the Swiss Light Source in the Paul Scherrer Institute. Here we present the design and analytical scope of the system, along with first results from hydration–dehydration experiments on ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate particles and the tentative observation of water ice at low temperature and high relative humidity in a secondary organic aerosol particle from isoprene oxidation.
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Fadl, Kamal Eldin Mohammed. "Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.): A Multipurpose Fruit Tree in Savanna Zone Of Western Sudan." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2015): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12188.
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Underutilized fruit trees play a vital role in food security and economy of the rural population in a number of African countries. Beside the significant important of the underutilized fruit trees in food security and livelihood of the local population many applications can be summarized such as using of leaves for fodder, branches for fencing materials, fire wood and charcoal making, timber for furniture and constructing huts, controlling soil erosion and competing desert encroachments . In spite of their great potential little attention has been given to this species. Balanites aegyptiaca “soap berry tree; thorn tree, desert date” is an important multipurpose trees species in dry land Africa. The tree is a potential source of medicines, pesticides, edible oil, animal feed, nuts, soap, and fuel wood. The edible fruits are rich in saturated fatty acids which are used as cooking oil. The fruit also contains Stereoids (Saponins, Sapogenins, and Disogenins) which are used as row materials for industrial production of contraceptive pills and other sexual hormones. The excessive uses of the tree for fruit production and for other uses combined with scarcity of natural regeneration lead to drastic depletion of this species. The desert date tree is adapted to dry and hot climatic environment which are characterized by increasing of land and water resources. However, little information is available about propagation and domestication of this valuable tree species; therefore, studies are needed for sustainable use of underutilized fruit trees in general and for Balanites aegyptiaca in particular. This article aims at highlighting and summarizing information on different aspect of B. aegyptiaca to stimulate the scientist interest in this valuable tree species which is of economical importance for rural inhabitants of western Sudan and other African countries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12188International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: 197-203
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Stojkovic, Milan, and Slobodan P. Simonovic. "System Dynamics Approach for Assessing the Behaviour of the Lim Reservoir System (Serbia) under Changing Climate Conditions." Water 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081620.
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Investigating the impact of climate change on the management of a complex multipurpose water system is a critical issue. The presented study focuses on different steps of the climate change impact analysis process: (i) Use of three regional climate models (RCMs), (ii) use of four bias correction methods (BCMs), (iii) use of three concentration scenarios (CSs), (iv) use of two model averaging procedures, (v) use of the hydrological model and (vi) use of the system dynamics simulation model (SDSM). The analyses are performed for a future period, from 2006 to 2055 and the reference period, from 1971 to 2000. As a case study area, the Lim water system in Serbia (southeast Europe) is used. The Lim river system consists of four hydraulically connected reservoirs (Uvac, Kokin Brod, Radojnja, Potpec) with a primary purpose of hydropower generation. The results of the climate change impact analyses indicate change in the future hydropower generation at the annual level from −3.5% to +17.9%. The change has a seasonal variation with an increase for the winter season up to +20.3% and decrease for the summer season up to −33.6%. Furthermore, the study analyzes the uncertainty in the SDSM outputs introduced by different steps of the modelling process. The most dominant source of uncertainty in power production is the choice of BCMs (54%), followed by the selection of RCMs (41%). The least significant source of uncertainty is the choice of CSs (6%). The uncertainty in the inflows and outflows is equally dominated by the choice of BCM (49%) and RCM (45%).
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Di Mola, Ida, Stefano Conti, Eugenio Cozzolino, Giuseppe Melchionna, Lucia Ottaiano, Antonino Testa, Leo Sabatino, Youssef Rouphael, and Mauro Mori. "Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020342.
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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose plant attracting increasing interest as a source for the production of natural fibers, paper, bio-building material and food. In this research we studied the agronomical performance of Cannabis sativa cv. Eletta Campana irrigated with saline water. Under those conditions, we tested the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulant application in overcoming and/or balancing deleterious salinity effects. The results of the diverse treatments were also investigated at the physiological level, focusing on photosynthesis by means of a chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, which give an insight into the plant primary photochemical reactions. Four salinity levels of the irrigation solution (fresh water–EC0, and NaCl solutions at EC 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 dS m−1, EC2, EC4 and EC6, respectively) were combined with 2 biostimulant treatments (untreated (control) or treated with a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH)). The increasing salinity affected plant photochemistry resulting in lower plant growth and seed production, while the LDPH biostimulant showed a protective effect, which improved crop performance both in control and in salinity conditions. The LDPH treatment improved seeds yield (+38.6% on average of all treated plants respect to untreated plants), as well as residual biomass, relevant in fiber production.
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Meragiaw, Misganaw, Zerihun Woldu, and Bal Ram Singh. "Land use and land cover dynamics and traditional agroforestry practices in Wonchi District, Ethiopia." PeerJ 10 (February 22, 2022): e12898. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12898.
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Background Investigating the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and the status of traditional agroforestry practices provide important data for policymakers. The main objective of this study was to assess the LULC dynamics and traditional agroforestry practices among smallholder farmers across the two agro-ecological zones in Wonchi District of Ethiopia. Methods Landsat images were acquired from Earth Explorer, and changes in LULC were quantified with three Landsat sensors in the three time-series (1985, 2001, and 2019). Supervised classification with maximum likelihood technique was employed using ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS. A ground survey was conducted with 100 key informants who were selected from 10 sites using a purposive sampling method. The collected data were subjected to direct matrix ranking, use-value analysis of most important multipurpose plant species, and semi-structured interviews were conducted for qualitative analysis. Results In total, 103 agroforestry plant species belonging to 44 families were identified in Wonchi District, of which 74 were indigenous including seven endemic and 29 exotic species. The highest species (13) were recorded in the Fabaceae family. About 61% of species were reported in the midland agro-ecological zone. A mixed farming system was the most frequently (56%) reported source of income. The results of LULC changes from 1985 to 2019 showed that the agroforestry cover increased from 31.1% to 34.9% and settlement including road construction increased from 12.5% to 31.6% of the total area with an annual rate change of 0.3% and 2.7%, respectively. These changes corresponded with a decreasing trend of the forest, cropland, water body, and shrub at a rate of 4.7%, 1.3%, 0.8%, and 0.5%, respectively. The LULC changes were more pronounced in the highlands than in the midlands of Wonchi District. Expansion of settlement and tenure policy change are the main drivers for these changes in the area. The authors recommended that protecting and planting indigenous and multipurpose plant species is essential as restoration techniques for all degraded land-use types. Therefore, strengthening agroforestry practices and land-use planning is urgently needed for achieving multiple goals.
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Homa, Maksymilian, Anna Pałac, Maciej Żołądek, and Rafał Figaj. "Small-Scale Hybrid and Polygeneration Renewable Energy Systems: Energy Generation and Storage Technologies, Applications, and Analysis Methodology." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 9152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239152.
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The energy sector is nowadays facing new challenges, mainly in the form of a massive shifting towards renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels and a diffusion of the distributed generation paradigm, which involves the application of small-scale energy generation systems. In this scenario, systems adopting one or more renewable energy sources and capable of producing several forms of energy along with some useful substances, such as fresh water and hydrogen, are a particularly interesting solution. A hybrid polygeneration system based on renewable energy sources can overcome operation problems regarding energy systems where only one energy source is used (solar, wind, biomass) and allows one to use an all-in-one integrated systems in order to match the different loads of a utility. From the point of view of scientific literature, medium- and large-scale systems are the most investigated; nevertheless, more and more attention has also started to be given to small-scale layouts and applications. The growing diffusion of distributed generation applications along with the interest in multipurpose energy systems based on renewables and capable of matching different energy demands create the necessity of developing an overview on the topic of small-scale hybrid and polygeneration systems. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the technology, operation, performance, and economical aspects of hybrid and polygeneration renewable energy systems in small-scale applications. In particular, the review presents the technologies used for energy generation from renewables and the ones that may be adopted for energy storage. A significant focus is also given to the adoption of renewable energy sources in hybrid and polygeneration systems, designs/modeling approaches and tools, and main methodologies of assessment. The review shows that investigations on the proposed topic have significant potential for expansion from the point of view of system configuration, hybridization, and applications.
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Kumar, Jatin, Amit K. Das, Jyoti Rani, and Piyush Kumar Gupta. "Assessment of biochemical and physiological tolerance mechanism of the multipurpose paradise tree (Simarouba amara Aubl.) under zinc and copper stress." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3452.
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Simarouba amara Aubl., commonly known as paradise tree, is a multipurpose, evergreen, poly-gamodioecious, and oil yielding tree. The plant is famous for its seeds containing 55-65% oil, a potent source of biodiesel production and is being utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industries. The study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in S. amara seedlings under heavy metals stress. Two-month-old S. amara seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) (Zn and Cu: 10 mg Kg-1, 50 mg Kg-1, 100 mg Kg-1, 200 mg Kg-1). The study indicated that both the heavy metals resulted in a significant decrease in leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic pigments and an increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels. Regarding lipid peroxidation, Cu proved to be more toxic to seedlings compared to Zn. However, in terms of LRWC and photosynthetic pigments, Zn showed higher toxic effects than Cu. Proline and cysteine content increased by 234% and 270%, respectively, due to Zn stress and 117% and 102%, respectively, due to Cu stress at 200 mg Kg-1. Among antioxidant enzymes, a maximum increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity was observed (600% due to Cu stress and 320% due to Zn stress) at 200 mg Kg-1. At the same concentration, a minimum increase was seen in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity (60% under Cu stress) and catalase (CAT) activity (69% under Zn stress). The present study revealed that S. amara has a better antioxidant defensive mechanism against oxidative stress and can be used for its large scale cultivation on wastelands.
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Megawati, Megawati, Rosidah Rosidah, and Lusyiani Lusyiani. "PENGARUH ZONE TEMPAT TUMBUH TERHADAP PRODUKSI NIRA NIPAH (Nypa fruticans) PEMURUS ALUH-ALUH KABUPATEN BANJAR." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 5, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v5i4.6157.
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The nipah plant is a multipurpose plant, where one of its benefits is as a sap-producing plant that can be used as a source of sweeteners and bioethanol. The purpose of the study is to prove the difference in sap production based on the zone (place) of growing. Determination of the location point according to the place where the nipah grows, Making an example path of three paths that are considered as a test, carrying out treatment before tapping, and during tapping. This study obtained the average results of sap production obtained from three treatments, namely treatment (A) submerged in water 0.592 liters / panicle / tapping period, treatment (B) sometimes submerged 0.463 liters / panicle / tapping period and treatment (C) 0.414 liters / panicle / tapping period. The results of the analysis showed that each treatment had no effect on the sap production from nipahTumbuhan nipah merupakan tumbuhan yang multiguna, dimana salah satu manfaatnya adalah sebagai tumbuhan penghasil nira yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pemanis dan bioetanol. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk membuktikan perbedaan produksi nira berdasarkan zone (tempat) tumbuh. Penentuan titik lokasi sesuai tempat tumbuhnya nipah, Membuat jalur contoh sebanyak tiga jalur yang dianggap sebagai ulangan, melakukan perlakuan sebelum penyadapan, dan saat penyadapan. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil rata-rata produksi nira yang diperoleh dari tiga perlakuan yaitu perlakuan (A) terendam air 0,592 liter/malai/periode penyadapan, perlakuan (B) kadang terendam 0,463 liter/malai/periode penyadapan dan perlakuan (C) 0,414 liter/malai/periode penyadapan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan setiap perlakuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi nira dari nipah
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Preston, T. R. "Sustainable systems of intensive livestock production for the humid tropics using local resources." BSAP Occasional Publication 16 (1993): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00031116.
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AbstractThe design of sustainable intensive livestock production systems for developing countries must be judged according to their likely impact on economic, ecological, ethological and sociological issues. Economic issues to be satisfied include international competitivity in price of finished products which requires maximizing comparative advantages of available natural resources. Ecological sustainability requires that the production system will result in (i) reduced emissions of the principal greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane; (ii) reduced contamination of soil and water resources; (iii) an effective control of soil erosion; and (iv) self sufficiency in on-farm production of energy from renewable resources. Ethological concerns relate to potential effects of production systems on animal welfare and the safety and consumer acceptability (wholesomeness) of foods produced in such systems. Sociological acceptability requires that employment opportunities are increased, especially for women, and that the production system encourages self-reliance with minimum dependence on outside inputs.The basic technology, designed and adapted by Convenio Interinstitucional para la Producción Pecuaria en el Valle del Rio Cauca (CIPAV) and cooperating local farmers in the Cauca Valley of Colombia, uses sugar cane, multipurpose trees and water plants as sources of biomass to provide food for a range of livestock species and fuel for the farm and the family. The chosen crops have a proven high capacity to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen into biomass, which is a permanent carbon reservoir (1 ha planted in sugar cane and trees is a sink for some 80 t carbon dioxide), and also a source of substrate for food and fuel. Sugar cane and trees help prevent erosion, maintain soil fertility, have well developed systems of biological pest control, require minimum synthetic chemical inputs and are easily separated into high and low fibre fractions as required for the different end uses of food for monogastric and ruminant animals and fuel.The preferred animal species are pigs and ducks which adapt readily to the ‘non-conventional’ high-moisture food resources (mainly cane juice, tree leaves and water plants) and have a high meat : methane production ratio. They are complemented by African sheep, dual purpose (Holsteinzebu) cattle and buffaloes, managed as triple purpose animals (draught, milk and meat) and deriving most of their food from the more nutritive parts of the fibrous crop residues. All the livestock are managed in partial or total confinement to minimize environmental damage and to maximize nutrient recycling to the crops.Fuel for the family is derived from the biodigestor which uses as substrate the excreta from the pigs; and from the sugar cane bagasse. Earthworms upgrade the fertilizer value of the excreta from the ruminant animals and produce part of the protein for the ducks.The CIPAV model is flexible as witnessed by the increasing acceptance of many of the elements in the model by both resource-poor and entrepreneurial farmers. The biomass concept, on which the CIPAV model is based, can also be scaled up to the level of agro-industry (the biomass refinery) offering renewable alternatives to present fossil-fuel-based technologies for chemical and energy needs.
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Venkatesh, R., and W. Christraj. "Performance Analysis of Solar Water Heater in Multipurpose Solar Heating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1706.
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Of all the renewable sources of energy available, solar thermal energy is the most abundant one and is available in both direct as well as indirect forms. In order to increase the thermal performance of solar collectors, the multipurpose solar collectors were investigated experimentally by the storage tank of the conventional solar water collector is modified as riser tubes and header. It is fitted in the bottom of the solar air heater as an absorber in the normal air heater. The thermal performance of thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater was investigated on both summer and winter seasons. The maximum daily average of 72.05%, 0.0316 kg/sm2and 0.873 m/s were recorded for the relative humidity, mass flow rate and wind speed at summer season respectively. Corresponding figure at for winter was 19.5 % 0.0295 kg/sm2and 0.722 m/s respectively. A minimum daily average of 11.23% and 0.384 m/s for the relative humidity and wind speed respectively. These results show that the mass flow rate obtained was a function of solar radiation and relative humidity. The less humid the ambient air becomes, the higher the heat gained by the system hence higher water flow rate. The maximum value of relative humidity obtained is due to low solar radiation on winter season. The heat removal factor (FR) and collector efficiency factor (Fo) were found to be higher for Multipurpose solar water heater as compared to conventional solar water heaters for summer as well as winter season. These factors for Multipurpose solar water heater were more during summer and winter.
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Zrinji, Zolt, and Donald H. Burn. "Application of Kriging to surface water level estimation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-018.
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The Kriging technique is used as the interpolation component of a surface water level estimation system applicable to the estimation of the water surface profile and the associated average water level for a large lake or reservoir. The estimation system is applied to the problem of determining the average surface water elevation of Lake Winnipeg, a large multipurpose lake located in central Manitoba, Canada. The Kriging system is demonstrated to produce daily average water level estimates that are not only comparable to the results from two existing techniques but are also available earlier, in a real-time context. Additional information obtained from the basic estimation system, which can assist in identifying inconsistent input data sources, are also discussed. Key words: lake level estimation, Kriging, spatial interpolation.
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Nair, Gulja S., and Neenu Peter. "Storage height optimization of Chamravattom regulator-cumbridge, Kerala." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/13.2/175-178.
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Water scarcity is an alarming problem that we face now-a-days. Even though we have abundant sources of water, good quality water is not available when most needed. There comes the relevance of water conservation structures. Allocation of water in case of multipurpose projects among various competing needs such as drinking water, irrigation, industrial demands, downstream release, pisciculture etc. is a matter of great concern. Hence reservoirs must be subjected to thorough analysis to see that each drop of water impounded is utilized in the best possible manner. So a study was undertaken for the proposed Regulator-Cum-Bridge (RCB) on Bharathapuzha River at Chamravattom in Malappuram district of Kerala, with the specific objective of determining the optimum storage height of the regulator. The storage height was optimized by considering the inflow and demands on the reservoir for 18 years data. The height was decided as six meters as it gave least deficit when compared to four and five meters.
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Umar, ZD, and A. Bashir. "Assessment of potential health impacts on surface water sources in Northern Nigeria." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10523.
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Northern Nigeria represents the most populous region in Nigeria and adequate water supply and sanitation typically leaves a lot to be desired in the region in order to prevent water related diseases to the vulnerable communities of the region. This research work was carried out in Kano state with specific emphasis on Tomas dam which is one of the largest dams established for multipurpose use in Nigeria. The research was aimed at evaluating Physico-chemical and Bacteriological quality of Tomas Dam in Kano State. 240 water samples from 5 sampling stations within eight months were analyzed for bacteriological and physico-chemical quality. The physico-chemical parameters indicated Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Water Current Speed results were not significantly different (P>0.05), while other physico-chemical parameters analyzed varied significantly (P<0.05). The study also revealed that Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BOD, Turbidity, and Nitrates recorded higher values than WHO and Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Nigeria (FEPA) limits. Total aerobic bacterial counts (TBC) and total coliform counts (TCC) were determined using pour plate and Most Probable Number (MPN) techniques. TBC and TCC were high and exceeded acceptable limits. Faecal coliforms, faecal Streptococciand Klebsiella species constituted 25% of the indicator organisms identified.The observed parameters indicated the Dam was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Variations in the weather conditions, animal and anthropogenic interferences were all directly or indirectly related to faecal contamination in the dam. Preventing indiscriminate faecal discharge close to the Dam and sufficient water treatment before consumption are of prime importance to public health as the dam was established for agricultural purposes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10523 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 125-136
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MARIE, KIOMBO J., JAVIER CANO, DAVID RÍOS INSUA, and ÓSCAR ARROYO. "MULTIOBJECTIVE DECISION SUPPORT FOR THE KWANZA RIVER MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 12, no. 05 (September 2013): 999–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622013400063.
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Water management has become a challenging problem worldwide, especially in developing countries, due to several reasons including the growing scarcity of natural water resources; a demographic explosion in many urban settlements, followed by a rapid urbanization and industrialization of neighboring areas; and the inherent increase in the demand of energy and natural fresh water for human consumption and agricultural developments. The Kwanza river, the longest and most plentiful in Angola, is a paradigmatic case, as it is one of the main sources of wealth in that country. Many people base, direct or indirectly, their living on its water, and many economical activities, including energy production, depend also on its stream. We provide a model for the multiobjective multipurpose management of the Kwanza river. The problem is complicated by the need to take into account uncertainty in various involved processes, to plan over a long period of time, and the presence of several conflicting objectives. We describe also a decision support system implementing our model.
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Marjanovic, P., M. Miloradov, Z. Cukic, S. Bogdanovic, and D. Sakulski. "Integrated cadastre (Inventory System) for pollution sources in the Danube basin in Yugoslavia." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1995): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0622.
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The state of the art approach to environmental protection and management calls for the implementation of major multipurpose environmental protection systems and a wide scope of preventive measures. Since environmental protection falls within the scope of problems collectively known as “externalities” which justify government intervention, i.e. the implementation of the required measures, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that adequate data is collected and analyzed prior to any decision making pertaining to environmental protection. It is this responsibility of the Government and the constitutional right of the people to live and work in a healthy environment that are the basis of the development of a Federal Integrated Cadastre of Polluters. The integrated approach requires a substantial increase in the amount of information and data on which the planning decisions of the future will be based. It is this need for information and data necessary for the implementation of the state of the art forecasting, planning and management (decision making) that brought about the development of the Integrated Cadastre (Inventory) of Polluters in the Danube basin in Yugoslavia. This paper presents the methodology used in the development of the integrated cadastre and gives a brief review of the structure of the information system used to manage the integrated cadastre.
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Heydari, Mohammad, Faridah Othman, and Kourosh Qaderi. "Developing Optimal Reservoir Operation for Multiple and Multipurpose Reservoirs Using Mathematical Programming." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/435752.
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Over the last decades, the increasing water demand has caused a number of problems, to which reservoir operation optimization has been suggested as one of the best solutions. In this research, a model based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) technique is developed for the systematic operation of multireservoirs that are used to cater for the different needs of the Tehran-Karaj plain. These reservoirs include Laar, Latian, and Karaj dams. The system configuration was accomplished through the nodes and arcs of the network flow model approach and system component implementation including sources, consumption, junctions, and the physical and hydraulic relationship between them. The following were performed via comprehensive developed software: system configuration, objective function and constraints formulation, linearization, determining penalty values, and setting priorities for each node and arc in the system. A comparison between the MILP developed model’s results against the periodic data shows 21.7% less overflow, 11.6% more outflow, and 15.9% more reservoir storage, respectively. The outcome of the MILP-based modeling indicates superior performance to the historical period.
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Liu, Y., Y. P. Zhang, J. C. Liu, C. Guo, C. G. Yang, P. Zhang, Q. Tang, et al. "System upgrade for μBq/m3 level 222Rn concentration measurement." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): T03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/03/t03002.
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Abstract The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton multipurpose underground liquid scintillator detector, was proposed for the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy as primary physics goal. The central detector will be submerged in a water Cherenkov detector to lower the background from the environment and cosmic muons. Radon is one of the primary background sources. Nitrogen will be used in several sub-systems, and a highly sensitive radon detector has to be developed to measure its radon concentration. A system has been developed based on 222Rn enrichment of activated carbon and 222Rn detection based on the electrostatic collection. This paper presents the detail of a μBq/m3 level 222Rn concentration measurement system and gives detailed information about how the adsorption coefficient was measured and how the temperature, flow rate, and 222Rn concentration affect the adsorption coefficient.
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Dolotovskij, Igor, Nadezhda Dolotovskaya, Evgeniy Larin, and Boris Semenov. "Utilization plants in energy and water supply systems of oil and gas enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914010002.
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Within the context of energy efficiency and environmental safety, the creation of energy and water supply systems integrated with the units for utilization of combustible waste, low-pressure gases and industrial wastewater are of high priority for oil and gas enterprises. A method for the synthesis of these rational systems and a two-dimensional model for evaluating performance indicators are proposed. We have developed alternative structures based on the block-modular principle of equipment composition formation, which allows structurally parametric integration of energy and utilization modules with technological productions; performed pre-project evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative options for the energy and water supply system with the utilization of low-pressure gases, thermal neutralization of industrial wastewater for methanol recovery plants and designed a multipurpose oil and gas condensate processing enterprise. Integration of utilization, energy and technological installations in energyand water supply systems allows reducing the consumption of heat and electric energy from external sources by 56–100%, and water consumption by 40–50%. Accordingly, the cost of wastewater reducing by an average of 76–93% for oil and gas condensate processing facilities. Almost complete utilization of low-pressure hydrocarbon gases is achieved (the volume of flared emissions is reduced by 90–98%).
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Петров, Сергей Михайлович, Надежда Михайловна Подгорнова, and Дмитрий Анатольевич Григорьев. "Inulin as a promising natural prebiotic multipurpose use." Food processing industry, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.7.7.012.
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Функциональные пищевые продукты становятся все более востребованными в пищевой промышленности благодаря их способности повышать эффективность диеты, доставляя необходимые питательные вещества в организм человека. По мере увеличения бремени болезней и все более широкого признания потребителями связи между диетическим питанием и здоровьем возрастающий глобальный спрос на здоровые и функциональные продукты питания увеличивается. Инулин, как функциональный пищевой ингредиент с пребиотическими свойствами, не переваривается в верхних отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта, поэтому имеет пониженную калорийность, а также стимулирует рост кишечных бифидобактерий. Он не приводит к повышению глюкозы в сыворотке крови и не стимулирует секрецию инсулина. Проанализированы вопросы, требующие дальнейшего понимания и изучения при разработке новых процессов и продуктов, обогащенных инулином. Цель исследования заключалась в оценке общих технологических свойств, которые проявляет инулин в различных продуктах питания. Использован теоретический метод исследования на основе анализа и обобщения информации из авторитетных литературных источников. Показано, что инулин обладает уникальным сочетанием питательных свойств и важных технологических преимуществ. В пищевых рецептурах инулин может значительно улучшить органолептические характеристики. Его добавление позволяет улучшить как вкус, так и ощущение во рту в широком диапазоне пищевых применений. Инулин имеет достаточно низкую растворимость, улучшает стабильность пен и эмульсий и проявляет исключительные жироподобные свойства при использовании в форме геля в воде. Замена жиров и углеводов инулином дает преимущество, заключающееся в сохранении вкуса и текстуры, а также в получении продуктов с улучшенными питательными свойствами. Приведен краткий обзор, как для современного потребителя, так и для производителей продуктов питания, вариантов различного применения инулина и его производных, который показывает потенциальные возможности использования его при разработке инновационных здоровых продуктов не только с пребиотическими свойствами, но и с улучшенными показателями качества. Functional foods are becoming more and more in demand in the food industry due to their ability to increase the effectiveness of the diet by delivering essential nutrients to the human body. As the burden of disease increases and consumer acceptance of the link between diet and health increases, the growing global demand for healthy and functional foods is increasing. Inulin, as a functional food ingredient with prebiotic properties, is not digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract, therefore it has a reduced calorie content, and also stimulates the growth of intestinal bifidobacteria. It does not increase blood glucose levels and does not stimulate insulin secretion. Issues that require further understanding and study in the development of new processes and products enriched with inulin are analyzed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the general technological properties that inulin exhibits in various foods. A theoretical research method based on the analysis and generalization of information from authoritative literary sources was used. Inulin has been shown to have a unique combination of nutritional properties and important technological advantages. In food formulations, inulin can significantly improve organoleptic characteristics. Its addition improves both taste and mouthfeel in a wide range of food applications. Inulin has a fairly low solubility, improves the stability of foams and emulsions, and exhibits exceptional fat-like properties when used as a gel in water. Replacing fats and carbohydrates with inulin has the advantage of preserving taste and texture, as well as providing products with improved nutritional properties. A brief overview is given, both for the modern consumer and food manufacturers, of various applications of inulin and its derivatives, which shows the potential for use in the development of innovative healthy products not only with prebiotic properties, but also with improved quality indicators.
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La Bella, Emanuele, Andrea Baglieri, Ferdinando Fragalà, and Ivana Puglisi. "Multipurpose Agricultural Reuse of Microalgae Biomasses Employed for the Treatment of Urban Wastewater." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020234.
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The pollution of water caused by the excessive presence of organic and inorganic compounds, such as nitrates, phosphates, heavy metals, antibiotics, agrochemicals, etc., is one of the major environmental problems in many countries. Various approaches to remediate wastewater are available, and this review mainly provides the state of the art about the possible adoption of microalgae-based treatments (phycoremediation), which may represent a good alternative to conventional purification methods. Because of its composition, wastewater can provide several nutritional compounds (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), which represent the essential nutrients for microalgae growth. Microalgae are also attracting the interest of worldwide researchers due to their multipurpose applications; in particular, microalgae cells can represent a useful feedstock for various sectors, among these, the agricultural sector. This review proposes a detailed description of the possible application of microalgae in the process of remediation of wastewaters of different sources, highlighting their possible advantages. Moreover, the review aims to report the application of the microalgae biomasses and their extracts in agriculture, as microalgae-based products can represent a valid alternative to traditional agrochemicals, offering sustainable solutions to improve agricultural technologies. Therefore, since the recently developed wastewater depuration technology based on phycoremediation may directly provide valuable microalgae biomasses, it can be used as a powerful starting means to produce agricultural products able to improve yield and quality of crops (biostimulants, biofertilizers), as well as induce pest and disease resistance (biopesticides).
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Jargal, Namsrai, Usman Atique, Md Mamun, and Kwang-Guk An. "Seasonal and Long-Term Connections between Trophic Status, Sestonic Chlorophyll, Nutrients, Organic Matter, and Monsoon Rainfall in a Multipurpose Reservoir." Water 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131720.
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Due to rapid eutrophication, sustainable water quality management and supply are essential in drinking water sources and aquatic biota in large reservoirs. We evaluated the potentially crucial factors influencing the algal chlorophyll (CHL-a), nutrients, and the links between the rainfall and other vital elements in a large multipurpose reservoir (Yongdam Reservoir) during 2013–2019. We developed the empirical models on algal CHL-a, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and TN:TP’s ambient ratios considering the maneuvering influence of Asian monsoons. The intensive rainfall during the monsoon months strongly impacted the nutrient regime and other vital factors. The seasonal patterns of algal CHL-a varied in response to the nutrient contents (TN, TP), suspended solids, and ambient N:P ratios along the longitudinal gradient. The conditional plot analysis, empirical modeling, and observations supported an overall P-limitation scenario, as was evident from the magnitude of N:P ratios (R2 = 0.36, F = 24.9, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the reservoir’s trophic status alluded to the larger particles and blue-green algae during the monsoon and postmonsoon months. The correlation analysis, Mann–Kendall trend test, and principal component analysis illustrated compelling links between CHL-a, TP, and rainfall regime. The outcomes suggested the reservoir was primarily controlled by phosphorus limitation, with an increasing CHL-a tendency along with nitrogen dilution. However, a slight decline in phosphorus was also detected. The Yongdam Reservoir is under the threat of recurrent eutrophication events that could jeopardize this vital drinking water facility due to increasing agricultural and anthropic activities.
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Hoque, Md Imdadul, Md Aktarul Islam, and Md Niaz Morshed. "Water quality of Barishal sadar upazila in Bangladesh for drinking, irrigation, aquaculture and livestock consumption." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i1.46478.
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A study was conducted to assess of groundwater and surface water quality of Barisal sadar upazila. Total 22 water samples (11 pond water and 11 groundwater) were collected from January to March, 2017. Samples were slightly acidic in nature and 7 pond water not suitable for aquaculture in respect of pH. Samples of pond were “excellent” and groundwater samples were “good” for irrigation except two high salinity group water for irrigation for EC. Calcium indicates the samples were suitable for aquaculture but 7 samples were not suitable due to higher Mg content. In respect of K, 9 samples were not suitable for aquaculture. Cu concentrations found suitable for all purposes. For Fe and Zn samples are suitable for irrigation and consumption. Chloride showed, samples were not suitable for livestock consumption except 7 ponds sample. Samples are not suitable for aquaculture in respect of Cl, Fe and Zn. For Manganese, samples (except 1) found suitable for consumption. Samples were “excellent” for sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant crops in respect of B. Not any samples responded to CO3 test and HCO3 concentrations found normal. All water sources free from Arsenic contamination. Phosphorus concentration in groundwater might not be harmful for multipurpose use. SAR categorized all samples “excellent” class for irrigation except 2 groundwater samples. 15 samples were “suitable”, 3 were “marginal” and 4 were “unsuitable” for irrigation in respect of RSC. For HT, 13 were “moderately hard” and 09 were “hard” limit for irrigation and samples were suitable for drinking and livestock consumption.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 44-55
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Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L., Eric Rehm, Bruce M. Howe, Peter F. Worcester, Georgios Haralabus, and Hanne Sagen. "Envisioning a Global Multi-Purpose Ocean Acoustic Network." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.27.
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Abstract Due to the efficient propagation of sound in water, sound in the deep ocean propagates such great distances that soundscapes are influenced not only by local conditions but also by distant sound sources. Ocean Sound is now an Essential Ocean Variable within the Global Ocean Observing System making passive acoustic monitoring routine. Active acoustic probing of the environment informs us about ocean topography, currents and temperature, and abundance and type of marine life vital to fisheries and biodiversity related interests.Efficient sound propagation is the foundation of a proposed multipurpose acoustic network. Judiciously placed low-frequency acoustic sources transmitting to globally distributed passive acoustic systems provide: (1) high temporal resolution measurements of large-scale ocean temperature/heat content variability using tomography; and (2) underwater geo-positioning (UW-GPS) and communication services enabling basin-scale underwater operation of floats, gliders, and AUVs. Every platform (fixed or moving) equipped with a hydrophone becomes a “GPS” receiver, while listening to the ocean soundscape. The combined active and passive acoustic technology will lead to multi-disciplinary discovery and improved understanding of ocean ecosystem health and biodiversity, climate variability and change, marine hazards, and maritime safety. The same system will improve the operation of gliders, floats and AUVs.
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Mazzà, Guido, and Antonella Frigerio. "Dams and territories: ITCOLD’s initiatives to promote proactive dialogue." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234601011.
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In Italy there are over 530 large dams mainly for energy production and water supply. At present, the multipurpose use of water resources is strongly influenced by problems related to the aging of dams and the ongoing climate change which affects the water availability. On the other hand, the European energy and climate directives require to preserve the existing hydropower generation and to increase storage capacity to better exploit non-programmable renewable energy sources. These choices require the identification of methods and actions to deal with the complex relationship between the dams and their host territories which represents a critical point on the way to attain the energy and climate goals considering that part of the media and public opinion often have a negative view on the role of dams and reservoirs. These considerations are at the basis of the regional initiatives “Dams and territory” promoted by ITCOLD (Italian Committee on Large Dams) which since 2014 has organized annual workshops whose aim is to promote dialogue between dam owners and interested parties to identify a point of balance between the various interests that sometimes conflict with each other. The paper represents an updating of the work presented during the 10th ICOLD European Club Symposium held in Antalya (Turkey) on October 2016 and synthesizes the results gathered in the 6 workshops held so far. The project could represent a possible point of reference for other countries wishing to undertake similar initiatives.
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Martínez-Ruedas, Cristina, José Emilio Guerrero-Ginel, and Elvira Fernández-Ahumada. "A Methodology for Automatic Identification of Units with Ecological Significance in Dehesa Ecosystems." Forests 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040581.
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The dehesa is an anthropic complex ecosystem typical of some areas of Spain and Portugal, with a key role in soil and biodiversity conservation and in the search for a balance between production, conservation and ecosystem services. For this reason, it is essential to have tools that allow its characterization, as well as to monitor and support decision-making to improve its sustainability. A multipurpose and scalable tool has been developed and validated, which combines several low-cost technologies, computer vision methods and RGB aerial orthophotographs using open data sources and which allows for automated agroforestry inventories, identifying and quantifying units with important ecological significance such as: trees, groups of trees, ecosystem corridors, regenerated areas and sheets of water. The development has been carried out from images of the national aerial photogrammetry plan of Spain belonging to 32 dehesa farms, representative of the existing variability in terms of density of trees, shrub species and the presence of other ecological elements. First, the process of obtaining and identifying areas of interest was automated using WMS services and shapefile metadata. Then, image analysis techniques were used to detect the different ecological units. Finally, a classification was developed according to the OBIA approach, which stores the results in standardized files for Geographic Information Systems. The results show that a stable solution has been achieved for the automatic and accurate identification of ecological units in dehesa territories. The scalability and generalization to all the dehesa territories, as well as the possibility of segmenting the area occupied by trees and other ecological units opens up a great opportunity to improve the construction of models for interpreting satellite images.
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Khanam, Taslima, Faisal Khalid, Wajiha Manzoor, Ahmad Rashedi, Rana Hadi, Faizan Ullah, Fariha Rehman, Andleeb Akhtar, N. B. Karthik Babu, and Majid Hussain. "Environmental sustainability assessment of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. seeds oil in Pakistan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0258409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258409.
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According to IPCC Annual Report (AR-5), environmental impact assessment of any product prototype is recommended before its large-scale commercialization; however, no environmental profile analysis of any biodiesel prototype has been conducted in Pakistan. Therefore, objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA), water footprint and cumulative energy demand (CED) of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L. (JC) seeds oil in Pakistan. A cradle-to-gate LCA approach was applied for 400 liter (L) JC biodiesel produced in Pakistan. JC biodiesel production chain was divided into three stages i.e., 1). cultivation of JC crop 2). crude oil extraction from JC seeds and 3). crude oil conversion to biodiesel. Primary data for all the stages were acquired through questionnaire surveys, field visits and measurements in the field. Potential environmental impacts were calculated in SimaPro v.9.2 software using Eco-indicator 99 methodology. Results showed that crude oil extraction stage accounted for highest emissions (77%) to the overall environmental impact categories evaluated, followed by oil conversion stage (21%) and JC cultivation stage (02%), respectively. The three stages of JC biodiesel production chain are major contributor to ecotoxicity with a contribution of 57% to this impact category. Higher contribution to ecotoxicity was due to agrochemicals used in the JC cultivation. Similarly, fossil fuels impact category was responsible for 38% of overall environmental impacts. In addition, water footprint of JC biodiesel production chain was 2632.54 m3/reference unit. Cumulative energy required for 400L JC biodiesel production chain was 46745.70 MJ in Pakistan. Fossil diesel consumption, synthetic fertilizers use and purchased electricity were major hotspot sources to environmental burdens caused by JC biodiesel production in Pakistan. By performing sensitivity analysis at 20% reduction of the baseline values of fossil diesel used, synthetic fertilizers and purchased electricity, a marked decrease in environmental footprint was observed. It is highly recommended that use of renewable energy instead of fossil energy would provide environmental benefits such as lower greenhouse gases and other toxic emissions as compared to conventional petroleum fuels. It is also recommended that JC as a biofuel plant, has been reported to have many desired characteristics such as quick growth, easy cultivation, drought resistance, pest and insect resistance, and mainly great oil content in JC seeds (27–40%). Therefore, JC plant is highly recommended to Billion Tree Afforestation Project (BTAP) for plantation on wasteland because it has multipurpose benefits.
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K, Vanmathi, and Pradeep T. "Case Study on Thenpennai River for Multipurpose." International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation, November 2, 2019, 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjmtcon99.
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The Thenpennai River is flowing continuously for 5000 kilometer. It passes through many villages’ town and Thiruvannamalai district .It is Perennial river and monsoon based catchment. The Thenpennai river is the main source for irrigating over 17,980 acres in Thiruvannamalai district. It is also the main sources of drinking water to more hundred villages many polluted are added to this river at all points ,especially those closes to human settlement and industrial development suffer from acute level of pollution river that flow through densely populated area including towns and housing area are often polluted with solid wastes. To use the river water to water supply to many towns which includes Thiruvannamalai, Manalurpet, etc. Entire flow on the river as turbidity. Considerable amount of population depend upon the river directly for the daily become use a study has necessary to the present day to determine the suitability of the river water for domestic use.
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Varun K R, Nandha Krishna S, Nandha Krishna S, B Vishal, and Brijith Rajan. "Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Solar Grass Cutting Machine." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, June 26, 2022, 855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-5171.
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This project mainly deals with the fully automated or automatic grass cutter in which the sprinkler is also fitter to the spraying of the water to sustain the growth of the plants or grass and main aid is to cut the only grass and not the grown plant or huge roots, solar models or solar plate and the devices which converts the solar energy or the solar radiation to the electrical energy. It helps us to solve the problems in the remote areas. Fossil fuels relatively short time solar energy source continuously and consequently.
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Tiwari, Ananda, Anna-Maria Hokajärvi, Jorge Santo Domingo, Michael Elk, Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash, Hodon Ryu, Sallamaari Siponen, et al. "Bacterial diversity and predicted enzymatic function in a multipurpose surface water system – from wastewater effluent discharges to drinking water production." Environmental Microbiome 16, no. 1 (May 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-021-00379-w.
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Abstract Background Rivers and lakes are used for multiple purposes such as for drinking water (DW) production, recreation, and as recipients of wastewater from various sources. The deterioration of surface water quality with wastewater is well-known, but less is known about the bacterial community dynamics in the affected surface waters. Understanding the bacterial community characteristics —from the source of contamination, through the watershed to the DW production process—may help safeguard human health and the environment. Results The spatial and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities, their predicted functions, and potential health-related bacterial (PHRB) reads within the Kokemäenjoki River watershed in southwest Finland were analyzed with the 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing method. Water samples were collected from various sampling points of the watershed, from its major pollution sources (sewage influent and effluent, industrial effluent, mine runoff) and different stages of the DW treatment process (pre-treatment, groundwater observation well, DW production well) by using the river water as raw water with an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). The beta-diversity analysis revealed that bacterial communities were highly varied among sample groups (R = 0.92, p < 0.001, ANOSIM). The species richness and evenness indices were highest in surface water (Chao1; 920 ± 10) among sample groups and gradually decreased during the DW treatment process (DW production well; Chao1: 320 ± 20). Although the phylum Proteobacteria was omnipresent, its relative abundance was higher in sewage and industrial effluents (66–80%) than in surface water (55%). Phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were only detected in sewage samples. Actinobacteria was more abundant in the surface water (≥13%) than in other groups (≤3%). Acidobacteria was more abundant in the DW treatment process (≥13%) than in others (≤2%). In total, the share of PHRB reads was higher in sewage and surface water than in the DW treatment samples. The seasonal effect in bacterial communities was observed only on surface water samples, with the lowest diversity during summer. Conclusions The low bacterial diversity and absence of PHRB read in the DW samples indicate AGR can produce biologically stable and microbiologically safe drinking water. Furthermore, the significantly different bacterial communities at the pollution sources compared to surface water and DW samples highlight the importance of effective wastewater treatment for protecting the environment and human health.
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Sedighkia, Mahdi, and Zeynab Fathi. "Managing environmental impacts of water and energy use by a multipurpose cropping pattern optimization." Water Policy, May 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2022.305.
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Abstract The present study proposes a multipurpose cropping pattern optimization to minimize the environmental impacts of water and energy use on agriculture through the income–energy–river ecosystem nexus approach in different hydrological conditions. The following three main purposes are considered in the optimization model: (1) mitigating greenhouse gas emissions due to farming by considering minimization of agricultural energy consumption; (2) mitigating environmental impacts on the river ecosystem by considering it as the main source for supplying irrigation demand in the case study and (3) maximizing farmers’ income. Field studies are carried out in the case study for recording energy inputs to assess average energy use, irrigation demand, production yield and other required parameters for the selected crops. The fuzzy physical habitat simulation is utilized to develop an environmental impact function in the river ecosystem. Based on the results of the case study, the optimization model is able to balance energy use, impacts on the river ecosystem and farmers’ income. However, its performance is not best in terms of all the defined purposes. The results indicate that more than 50% of the initial income is provided, while energy use is mitigated by more than 70% on average. Furthermore, the river ecosystem is protected properly.
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Latif, Ammara, Ying Sun, and Ali Noman. "Herbaceous Alfalfa plant as a multipurpose crop and predominant forage specie in Pakistan." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7 (March 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1126151.
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Fodder crops play an important role in agriculture as they deliver food for animals, which is eventually converted to food for humans. All over the world, Alfalfa has had utmost importance for a few decades, not only as a fodder crop due to having high nutritional value for dairy farming but also being positively involved in many health-related and environmental affairs. Medicinally, it helps in controlling diseases such as arthritis, cholesterol, anemia, and cardio-related illnesses. Furthermore, like other cereal crops (wheat, rice, corn, etc.), it could also be a great source of several healthy nutrients for humans when the proper quantity is added to daily meals. However, unlike other nations of the world such as America, China, and India, Pakistan does not utilize it directly in human meals. This crop also has eco-friendly behavior since it controls soil erosion by binding the soil particles together and makes atmospheric nitrogen available to the plants by fixing it in the soil. Other uses include its role in water purification, improved pollination, and most importantly, its tolerance against water, salt, and temperature stress, making its position even stronger in arid and semi-arid areas. This review will draw researchers' attention to its multiple uses other than fodder crop and most importantly, its nutritional availability at a very low cost, which could prove nothing short of a miracle for the economy if properly mediated.
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Prabhakar, Kadole Pavan, Bharath Raj H K, D. Yogeshwar Naidu, G. Tharun Sai, and Manjunath R. "Development of Multi-tasking, Multi-powered Machine for Agriculture Purpose." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, July 20, 2021, 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset218444.
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At present famers pay a lot of money on machines that work with them decline work and increment yield of harvests. The Multipurpose machine is accustomed to planting the seeds and manure shower into land and seed planting for making heaps of plant creation in rural field. It is a mechanical gadget here no electrical or other force source is not needed. The expense of this machine is low and simple to work straightforward in development. As there is huge advancement in the field of designing the current situation makes us to discover answer for serious issues looked by the farming field. The agrarian business is behind elective reciprocal ventures in exploitation robots because of the sort of occupations worried in agribusiness are no and burrow. The fundamental target of this task is to improve the current method of cultivating by presenting multipurpose gear. The greater part of the Farmers in India is affordable frail because of which they cannot buy work vehicles and other expensive hardware's subsequently they utilize conventional strategy for cultivating. This will not fulfill need of energy necessity of the cultivating when contrasted with different nations on the planet. So, work has been completed to plan and manufacture a multipurpose agribusiness vehicle, to perform rural tasks like furrowing, seed planting and showering of pesticides or water utilizing the sun-oriented energy. Likewise in the place of human and animal endeavors can be supplanted by this component of machine which will be reasonable for limited scope rancher from efficient and exertion perspective. So, we are fostering this gear which will fulfill this need and to tackle work issues.
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Patel, Sangram Kishor, Bincy Mathew, Ankit Nanda, Biswajit Mohanty, and Niranjan Saggurti. "Voices of rural people: Community-level assessment of effects and resilience to natural disasters in Odisha, India." International Journal of Population Studies 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v6i1.1042.
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Globally, natural disasters have caused a large scale of damage and destruction every year, affecting millions of people, the economy, and development – and developing countries are the most severely affected. Odisha is one of India’s most disaster-prone states. This study explores the effects of, and resilience to, cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves in Odisha, and identifies government strategies that help mitigate these natural disasters. We mainly used primary data collected through a qualitative study undertaken from April 2017 to June 2017 in three districts of Odisha. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with community members and key stakeholders at different levels. In addition, our study analyzed secondary data on natural disasters using DesInventar, a disaster information management system data source. The findings show that floods, cyclones, and drought in recent years, along with heatwaves and lightning, have severely affected the people of Odisha. The impacts of these natural disasters are calamitous – particularly on livelihoods, food security, health, water, and sanitation. These natural disasters, which have affected agriculture, fisheries, prawn cultivation, roadside vendors, and daily wage laborers, have both short- and long-term effects on the livelihoods of people in Odisha, leaving them with scarce employment opportunities. The vulnerable and marginalized sections of the population have been the most severely affected, and common coping mechanisms have included selling off livestock, borrowing food, taking loans and mortgages, and migration. The government’s measures/programs, such as an Early Warning System, Public Distribution System, Multipurpose Cyclone Rehabilitation Centers, Seasonal Residential Care Centers, and Indira Awas Yojana, play a major role in mitigating the effect of disasters among rural communities. Our study indicates that natural disasters have impacted the population of the state socioeconomically, physically, and psychologically. The effect on livelihoods, directly and indirectly, exacerbates income, food security, and health. There is an urgent need to focus on reducing people’s underlying vulnerabilities by taking proactive measures, engaging the community in decision-making, and generating alternative and sustainable livelihoods.
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Ramzan, Saniya, and Maryam Saeed. "Opuntia ficus-indica As Nutritious Food Ingredient; Prevalence for Therapeutic Specialty." RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/jbas.v11i2.323.
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Background: It is predicted that the world’s population, specifically in arid and semi-arid regions, usually with complications such as water scarcity, climate change, soil erosion, and wind erosion, is facing food insecurity issue. Moreover, the outbreak of several diseases is further a burden on the people living in such areas. The growth of improved crop varieties which is compatible with agro-climatic conditions of the site such as Opuntia ficus-indica is the ray of hope. Multipurpose native crops like Opuntia ficus-indica is cultivated owing to it is drought tolerant ability and growth in different ranges of the environment. Furthermore, it has natural components that can not only be served as food but also the therapeutic ability for numerous diseases.
Objectives: The purpose of this review is concerning global issues such as food insecurity, malnutrition and their solution through natural products i.e. nutraceuticals. The target is to find one of the numerous approaches that can be adapted to focus on dealing with such problems.
Methodology: Opuntia ficus-indica has various nutraceutical uses that had been utilized in past but can further be accommodated for commercial utilization and public benefit. In this review, the therapeutic aspects of Opuntia ficus-indica have been elaborated with the utilization of its components to fight different diseases. Different studies from various scientists published in the form of research/review articles have been overviewed proving its physico-chemical elements to be beneficial in this aspect.
Results: Opuntia ficus-indica is not only a source of food but also has exponential components that serve as nutraceuticals including phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamin C, flavonoids, betalains, and carotenoids. These components impart diverse beneficial effects on health and act as anti-ulcerogenic, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherogenic, and immunomodulator.
Conclusion: Opuntia ficus-indica is a miracle of nature that has been bestowed upon us to reduce the risk of many calamities. It can not only be served as food but also imparts beneficial effects on health that not only reduces the chances of getting sick but also helps in alleviating the drastic effects of disease exposure.
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Hejazi, Seyed Jafar. "Transferring flood to the dust sources of the province of Khuzestan (Southwest Iran): a multipurpose approach to water resource management." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 15, no. 4 (February 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09606-1.
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