Academic literature on the topic 'Multipurpose water source'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multipurpose water source"
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Bakken, Tor Haakon, Ingunn Saur Modahl, Hanne Lerche Raadal, Ana Adeva Bustos, and Silje Arnøy. "Allocation of water consumption in multipurpose reservoirs." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2016): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.009.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources represented a benchmark in the assessment of water consumption from electricity production. The numbers for hydropower ranged from very low to much larger than the other renewable technologies, partly explained by methodological problems. One of the methodological shortcomings identified was the lack of guidance on how to allocate the water consumption rates in multipurpose reservoirs. This paper is, according to the authors’ knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate, test and propose a methodology for the allocation of water consumption from such reservoirs. We tested four different allocation methods in four different cases, all serving three to five functions, including drinking water supply, irrigation, flood control, industrial water, ecological flow and power generation. Based on our case studies we consider volume allocation to be the most robust approach for allocating water consumption between functions in multipurpose reservoirs. The spatial boundaries of the analysis should follow the boundaries of the hydraulic system. We recommend that data should preferably be gathered from one source for all functions, to ensure a consistent calculation approach. We believe the findings are relevant for similar allocation problems, such as allocation of energy investments and green-house gas emissions from multipurpose reservoirs.
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Choi, J. Y. "Nonpoint source pollution management for the multipurpose dam watersheds." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 11 (June 1, 2008): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.271.
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Main pollution sources in multipurpose dam watersheds in Korea are highland fields, stream banks, livestock farms, roads, and construction sites. Specifically, highland fields are the major nonpoint pollution sources. Excessive organic chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticide can be exuded from the land, and the area is likely to be eroded by heavy rain. Fallow, conservative cultivation, and covering can be alternatives for soil protection and reinforcement. In addition to these, construction of detour waterways and improvement of irrigation method can minimize the impact of runoff. In the case of slope in 15% degree or more, prohibiting cultivation and restoring the surface is preferred to improving cultivation method in order to control nonpoint pollution sources efficiently.
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Kunwar, Moti Bahadur. "Rationale of Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project for Reduction of Energy Crisis and Mitigating the Impacts of Mahakali Flood and Subsequent Economic Development of Nepal and India." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 14 (October 14, 2014): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11247.
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The proposed 315m high dam Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project (PMP) is a bi-national scheme on the Mahakali River that forms the border between Nepal and India. In the first week of July 2013, flooding on the Mahakali River caused extensive damages in district headquarter of Darchula district of Nepal and downstream area. The implementation of the proposed Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project (6480+240 MW) could solve the current energy crisis, provide flood control, and generate reliable source of revenue from the export of hydropower for both Nepal and India. However, despite the possible advantages, PMP is still only a plan 18 years after its initiation with the 1996 Mahakali Treaty ratified by the Nepalese parliament. Therefothere, Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project should be jointly developed as soon as possible for the mutual benefit of both nations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11247HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 14, 2014, JanuaryPage: 16-20
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Sinaga, Sabrina Biutiqwin, Solikhun S, and Dedi Suhendro. "Pengelompokkan Sumber Air Minum Dari Air Sungai Menggunakan Metode K-Means." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v6i1.289.
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River water is one of the most frequently used water by the community and has a multipurpose function for life, one of which is a source of drinking water. However, now we know that the population of river water pollution is very high and it is used as a waste disposal site which causes a lot of river water to be polluted, it can make people susceptible to disease because they consume unhealthy river water. Judging from the data obtained by province, many use river water as a source of drinking water, for this reason the authors conducted a study that aims to classify drinking water sources from river water by province using the K-means Clustering algorithm and will test it with the Rapidminer application, so that Data from 34 provinces will be divided into 3 clusters in which cluster 1 (C1) is a high group, cluster 2 (C2) is a medium group, and cluster 3 (C3) is a low group. The results obtained from this study are C1 with a total of 2 provinces, C2 with a total of 9 provinces, C3 with a total of 23 provinces and the value of the results carried out with the Rapidminer application has the same value. With this research, it is hoped that this can provide information for the government about the data on the grouping of drinking water sources and used as a consideration for overcoming polluted rivers.
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Hock Hwee, Heng, Hii Ching Poon, Siaw Fei Lu, and Pan Wang Fook. "Converting Dam: from Water Supply to Hydropower Generation." Journal of Engineering & Technological Advances 2, no. 1 (2017): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35934/segi.v2i1.37.
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This study investigates the feasibility of converting four (4) existing single purpose water supply reservoir schemes into conjunctive hydropower operation that could supply raw waters to respective water treatment plants and at the same time, generate power. These dams with proper retrofitting exercises could be a potential hydropower cum direct water supply reservoir operation. The change in operation does not only berth well with current trend of dual or multipurpose functions of the reservoir scheme but also in light of emerging role of hydropower as a mature and steady source of renewable energy. These dams were assessed for retrofitting with turbine to generate hydroelectricity and at the same time, to supply raw water to both water supply schemes. Despite the advantages of this dual function of the existing reservoirs schemes, this study however concludes infeasible tasks as only less than 1 MW of firm power can be harnessed. To reconfigure these existing infrastructures for purpose other than for the single purpose of water supply requires optimum storage capacity and hydraulic head, the two most important variables, in essence, especially for viable hydropower generation. In addition, the height of the dam dictates critically the magnitude of effective head but unfortunately unavailable readily for most of the existing dams evaluated in this Study. They are less than 60 m in height in general. The design philosophy for the reservoir schemes at their preliminary conceptualization also does not support future multipurpose components of the reservoir operation. However a positive development of these potential schemes could be beneficial to supply power to the local community in the surrounding areas in additional to plant consumption.
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Krocova, Sarka, and Karla Barcova. "Checking The Hydraulic Efficiency and Improving Safety of the Internal Water Supply." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2018.2.121-125.
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Water management systems in industrial facilities, industrial zones, hospitals and other internal water systems relatively frequently fail to meet the intended purpose for which they were built when an extraordinary event occurs. They may even pose a safety hazard. The causes of this condition may be of internal or external origin. Given that internal water supply systems of large premises always have a multipurpose character, i.e. to provide enough drinking water for drinking and sanitation purposes and also as a source of fire water for the fire safety of buildings, they must meet a wide range of hydraulic conditions and technical-operational capabilities. By what means and methods it is possible to achieve the desired state in economically-acceptable dimensions, while maintaining all the necessary hydraulic capabilities of the supply points of drinking and fire water, is briefly described in this article.
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Oppeltová, Petra, and Tomáš Priehoda. "Evaluation of the Vranov Reservoir Functions." Ekológia (Bratislava) 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 386–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0039.
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Abstract Study area – Vranov reservoir on the river Dyje lies in the South Moravian region in the Czech Republic. A multipurpose reservoir, Vranov, is a significant hydraulic structure whose primary purpose is water retention, including managing flood conditions. The reservoir itself and its surroundings are intensively used for recreation, and a hydroelectric power station has also been built there. In 1982, the reservoir began to be used as a source of drinking water. The objective of this study is to elaborate hydrological data – daily total precipitation and daily surface runoff – from 1981 to 2019, evaluate the influence of the Vranov water work, focusing on the hydrological extremes, and evaluate individual functions of this reservoir. The results showed an increase in the number of days of hydrological drought. The influence of the dam as a flood protection element is significant – in summer 2006, a peak of flow rate value of 551 m3 s−1 was transformed to 234 m3 s−1. The reservoir itself and its catchment area have multipurpose usage. Problems may arise in connection with extreme hydrological events when the reservoir cannot perform all its functions at the same time as it does at normal water levels and runoffs. Whether in times of flood or drought, it is necessary to resort to emergency manipulation of the reservoir and choose which of the purposes of the reservoir will be primary at that time.
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Kim, Geonwoo, Insuck Baek, Matthew D. Stocker, Jaclyn E. Smith, Andrew L. Van Tassell, Jianwei Qin, Diane E. Chan, Yakov Pachepsky, and Moon S. Kim. "Hyperspectral Imaging from a Multipurpose Floating Platform to Estimate Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Irrigation Pond Water." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132070.
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This study provides detailed information about the use of a hyperspectral imaging system mounted on a motor-driven multipurpose floating platform (MFP) for water quality sensing and water sampling, including the spatial and spectral calibration for the camera, image acquisition and correction procedures. To evaluate chlorophyll-a concentrations in an irrigation pond, visible/near-infrared hyperspectral images of the water were acquired as the MFP traveled to ten water sampling locations along the length of the pond, and dimensionality reduction with correlation analysis was performed to relate the image data to the measured chlorophyll-a data. About 80,000 sample images were acquired by the line-scan method. Image processing was used to remove sun-glint areas present in the raw hyperspectral images before further analysis was conducted by principal component analysis (PCA) to extract three key wavelengths (662 nm, 702 nm, and 752 nm) for detecting chlorophyll-a in irrigation water. Spectral intensities at the key wavelengths were used as inputs to two near-infrared (NIR)-red models. The determination coefficients (R2) of the two models were found to be about 0.83 and 0.81. The results show that hyperspectral imagery from low heights can provide valuable information about water quality in a fresh water source.
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Bondarenko, Vladimir, Elgudzha Khetsuriani, Allaberdy Ilyasov, and Elena Semenova. "METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ZONES OF INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL WATER SYSTEMS MULTIPURPOSE WATER SUPPLY URBAN HOUSEHOLDS AND THE ECONOMY." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 4(28) (January 10, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-28-4-25-35.
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In the development of a specialized type of natural and technical systems (PTS) "Natural water environ-ment-water Intake technological complex-multi - purpose water supply System" ("P. V. S. - V. T. K.-S. M. V.") of urban households and economic objects on the basis of the results of long-term studies of the existing "V. T. K." in the Lower reaches of the Don river, the methodological basis for assessing the zones of their influ-ence in the considered spatial limits of the basin geosystem has been developed. On the basis of the formulat-ed principles of ecological acceptability of the used constructive and technological solutions on the basis of "V. T. K." quantitative and qualitative criteria environmental indicators of environmental safety, which are manifested in the established boundaries of the zones of influence in the considered region of the basin ge-osystem, have been developed. The main quantitative criteria are: preservation of the diversity of fauna and flora in the water body as a water source, protection of the water treatment system "S. M. V." from blue-green algae and river dreysen . The results of the research are implemented in the Alexander "V. T. K." urban farms of Rostov-on-don, Aksai and Bataysk .
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Cuppens, A., G. Menesse, E. Caligaris, O. Marecos, and G. Wyseure. "A low-cost, open-source autonomous surface vehicle as a multipurpose waste stabilization pond monitoring platform." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (November 7, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.110.
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Abstract Although waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are widely used in developing countries, monitoring data on their operational performance are scarce. Traditional methods for monitoring in-pond conditions, i.e. conducting hand held measurements from a small boat or installing fixed sensor networks, are not straightforward to realize and create an unhealthy working environment for field workers. A promising technology for the safe and efficient collection of monitoring data is a compact autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), capable of autonomous navigation along a predefined trajectory based on geographic coordinates and measurements in different places and depths. In this practical paper, the development process, technical details and functional testing results of a low-cost ASV for WSP monitoring are presented. Commonly available construction materials and electronic components were used to ensure affordability and reparability. The access to online tutorials and peer-support was crucial for assembling the open-source autopilot and data logger. The ASV demonstrated satisfactory performance for both the autonomous navigation as well as the georeferenced data logging of measurements at a real-scale WSP in Paraguay. This study demonstrates how the adoption of open-source hardware and software offers the flexibility for the wastewater professionals to develop customized DIY solutions for specific monitoring applications and working environments.
Book chapters on the topic "Multipurpose water source"
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Adam, Elhadi, and Mohammed Suleiman. "Reservoir Sediment Management Practices in Sudan: A Case Study of Khashm El-Girba Dam." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 455–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_18.
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AbstractThe sedimentation problem is a hot issue currently affecting the operations of reservoirs and irrigation networks in Sudan. Most of the rivers that cross Sudanese borders come from the Eastern African Plateau, which acts as a sediment source for the Nile River and its tributaries. Khashm el-Girba Dam (KEGD), which crosses the Atbara River in Eastern Sudan, is a multipurpose dam that was constructed in 1964. The Atbara River is a branch of the Nile River system, and the river carries a large amount of sediment during the flood period. Seven years after construction, in 1970, the dam faced a critical problem that could have led to a disaster; it was discovered that, due to sediment deposition, the water storage was not enough to satisfy the downstream requirements. This study discusses the sediment management practices used in KEGD and their impacts on maintaining the reservoir capacity. Practices including operation policy (OP), trap efficiency (TE), sluicing, sediment sluicing, and flushing operation (FO) were discussed. The adopted management practices succeeded in removing a considerable amount of silt and maintaining the lifetime of the reservoir.
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Bhaduri, Budhendra, Ryan McManamay, Olufemi Omitaomu, Jibo Sanyal, and Amy Rose. "Urban Energy Systems: Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory." In Urban Informatics, 281–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_18.
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AbstractIn the coming decades, our planet will witness unprecedented urban population growth in both established and emerging communities. The development and maintenance of urban infrastructures are highly energy-intensive. Urban areas are dictated by complex intersections among physical, engineered, and human dimensions that have significant implications for traffic congestion, emissions, and energy usage. In this chapter, we highlight recent research and development efforts at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the largest multipurpose science laboratory within the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) national laboratory system, that characterizes the interactions between the human dynamics and critical infrastructures in conjunction with the integration of four distinct components: data, critical infrastructure models, and scalable computation and visualization, all within the context of physical and social systems. Discussions focus on four key topical themes: population and land use, sustainable mobility, the energy-water nexus, and urban resiliency, that are mutually aligned with DOE’s mission and ORNL’s signature science and technology capabilities. Using scalable computing, data visualization, and unique datasets from a variety of sources, the institute fosters innovative interdisciplinary research that integrates ORNL expertise in critical infrastructures including energy, water, transportation, and cyber, and their interactions with the human population.
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Iquebal Hossain, Mohammad, and Mohammad Niamul Bari. "The Unique Approaches to Water Management for Transforming Bangladesh’s Drought-prone Northwest Region into a Lush and Granary Landscape." In Arid Environment - Perspectives, Challenges and Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105840.
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Bangladesh’s Barind Tract, lying in the country’s northwestern part, is a drought-prone water scarce area that has suffered substantial difficulties in water management for agriculture, drinking, residential, and other uses. The situation has been changed by the efforts of the Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA). So, the focus of this research is on the numerous initiatives of the BMDA to transform the arid-like Barind area into a green and granary landscape through efficient water management. To achieve this goal, various data sets about water resources development and management, as well as other necessary information were collected from the BMDA and other sources and analyzed. Irrigation was initiated using groundwater (GW) through the installation of deep tube wells (DTWs). DTWs located near the localities are also used to provide drinking water to rural people. Then, by re-excavating derelict ponds, kharis (canals), and other water bodies and constructing cross-dams (check dams) and rubber dams in the re-excavated kharies and rivers, surface water (SW) augmentation is started, mostly for supplementary irrigation. Conserved water develops the environment and enhances groundwater recharge (GWR) alongside irrigation. Constructed dug wells in the severely water-stressed areas having no sources of SW and GW supply irrigation for low-water-consuming crops. Pre-paid metering in the irrigation management system has minimized the overuse of water, while the underground pipe water distribution system has reduced water transportation and evaporation losses. The application of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) model helps enhance GWR. Finally, BMDA’s efforts have transformed the Barind Tract, as well as Bangladesh’s northwest region, into a lush and granary terrain.
Conference papers on the topic "Multipurpose water source"
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McDonald, Colin F. "Versatile Heat Source for Nuclear Gas Turbine and Hydrogen Production Facility." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30511.
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Recent media articles about nuclear power renaissance are encouraging, but this controversial topic is far from being embraced by major industrial powers. The fact is, that within the next two to three decades or so most of the first generation US nuclear power plants, currently producing about 20 percent of the nation’s electrical power, will be near the end of their design lives. In addition to providing needed power, a major argument put forward for the introduction of next generation smaller and safer nuclear plants relates to the growing concern about greenhouse gas emission and global warming. However, overcoming public and institutional resistance to nuclear power remains a formidable endeavor, and in reality the introduction of new plants in sufficient numbers to significantly impact the market will not be realized for several decades. Clearly vision is needed to define the requirements for new nuclear plants that will meet the needs of consumers by say the middle of the 21st century. Market forces will mandate changes in the energy supply sector, and to be in concert with environmental concerns new nuclear plants must have operational flexibility. In addition to economical electrical power, energy needs in the future could include hydrogen production in slgnificant quantity (for fuel cells in the transportation and power sectors) and fresh water by desalination for urban, industrial and agricultural users. The High Temperature Reactor (HTR) has the capability to meet these projected needs. With an established technology base, and successful plant operation in Germany, the helium cooled pebble bed reactor (PBR) must be regarded as a leading second generation nuclear plant. Operational versatility by virtue of its high temperature capability is assured, and high availability can be realized with its on-line refueling approach. While the multipurpose HTR may be several decades away from playing a significant rote in the commercial market place, this paper emphasizes the need for technical planning today to establish a nuclear heat source adaptable to both a high efficiency helium timed cycle gas turbine and large scale hydrogen production facilities, thus extending the role of nuclear power beyond just the supply of electrical power.
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Gale, Jess, and Sevki Cesmeci. "Design of a Miniature HVAC System to Function As a Multipurpose Cooling Shirt." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94091.
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Abstract The purpose of this project was to design and optimize a portable miniature cooling system. The device functions as a cooling shirt, which is particularly useful in high-temperature environments where maintaining a healthy body temperature is a concern. The design cooling capacity of the system is 0.586 kW, where it provides a circulating cooling fluid temperature of 21.1 °C, with an ambient temperature of 35 °C using refrigerant R-134A for the prototype. The circulating cooling fluid consists of a loop that is pumped through a brazed plate heat exchanger on the evaporator side of the system. The prototype used water for initial testing. Examples of high-temperature environments include a tradesperson working in an attic during the summer (i.e., HVAC technician and electrician). The device is not limited to only high-temperature environments. It could be used in many other applications, such as health care or physical therapy settings. Certain spinal injuries can cause the human body to lose the ability to regulate its core temperature. This could result in a scenario of the body overheating during physical therapy sessions. This device could help regulate core body temperatures when overheating is a major risk. An additional application includes the possible treatment of sports-related concussions and other sports-related injuries. Targeting specific areas for cooling could potentially increase recovery time when compared to standard ice treatments. Another example application may include certain military aircraft. Pilots can experience periods of thermal discomfort during flight. A greenhouse effect happens in aircraft that contain large window areas such as the V-22 helicopter. The device could potentially be used to offset the higher heat loads experienced during flights. In conclusion, in this paper, a benchmark study, which included the design, fabrication, and testing of a working prototype by using the off-the-shelf components, was presented. The COP of the prototype was tested at different settings. The percent error between the theoretical and actual COP was calculated to be about 19%. The sources of error were discussed. The future studies will include simulations in commercially available software such as AxCYCLE to reduce the percent error between the design and actual working conditions as well as further downsizing of the device by using customized cycle components.