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Journal articles on the topic 'MULTIPLEXING EFFICIENCY'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Sun, Xueping, Rui Ma, Xinxin Pu, Shaobo Ge, Jin Cheng, Xiangyang Li, Quan Wang, Shun Zhou, and Weiguo Liu. "High-Efficiency Polarization Multiplexing Metalenses." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091500.

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The polarization multiplexing technique is a well-established method that improves the communication capacity of an optical system. In this paper, we designed orthogonal linear and circular polarization multiplexing metalens using a library of rectangle TiO2 nanostructures. The former can independently focus x- and y-linearly polarized incident lights to designed positions with a focusing efficiency of 53.81% and 51.56%, respectively, whereas the latter with two preset focal points can independently control left and right circularly polarized incident lights with a focusing efficiency of 42.45% and 42.46%, respectively. We also show that both metalenses can produce diffraction-limited focal spots for four polarization states with no obvious distortion, which opens up new applications in polarization imaging and polarization detection.

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2

Tian, Ruiyuan, Buon Kiong Lau, and Zhinong Ying. "Multiplexing Efficiency of MIMO Antennas." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2125773.

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3

Alasti, H. "Spectral efficiency enhancement of multiresolution multiplexing." Electronics Letters 53, no. 18 (August 2017): 1254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.2343.

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4

Zhao, Yuntao, Bo Bo, and Yongxin Feng. "A Scheduling Method of Cross-Layers Optimization of Polling Weight for AOS Multiplexing." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2019 (March 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2560623.

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The core mechanism of Advanced Orbit System (AOS) mainly contains the packet channel multiplexing and the virtual channel multiplexing. The multiplexing efficiency and frame time directly affect the performance of the AOS and even the whole system. In this paper, in order to optimize AOS multiplexing performance, a scheduling method of cross-layers optimization of polling weight (CLOPW) is proposed. Different from single sublayer optimization such as the isochronous frame methods, the novel method focuses on factors related to AOS performance of two core sublayers, such as packet distribution, residual function, cache capacity, frame time, and multiplexing efficiency. We build a multiple factors framing model of finite buffer and deduce the formula of packet multiplexing efficiency based on the short correlation. Furthermore, we give the formula for the virtual channel utilization and delay of cross-layer optimization. The experimental results show that the novel scheduling method of cross-layers optimization of polling weight is higher utilization of virtual channel and lower average delay than the isochronous frame method.

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5

Chen, Xiaoming. "Throughput Multiplexing Efficiency for MIMO Antenna Characterization." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 1208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2282952.

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6

Bi, Ming Xue. "A Novel Packet Channel Multiplexing Control Algorithms of AOS." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 3247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3247.

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The tradition packet channel multiplexing control algorithm of Advanced Orbiting Systems has the obvious disadvantages such as high time delay, high packet loss probability and low system throughput. Those depress the capability of the space communications badly. Based on the packet parameters, a new packet channel multiplexing control algorithm is proposed to optimize the tradition fixed multiplexing time. Under the prerequisite to ensure the maximal multiplexing efficiency, the processing time of packet channel multiplexing is limited, the packet loss probability is depressed, and the multiplexing throughput is advanced effectively.

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Zhao, Yuntao, and Lishi Liu. "A Scheduling Model of Isochronous Frame Generation on Self-similar Traffic of AOS Multiplexing." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 07 (July 27, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i07.8203.

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As the first layer of AOS multiplexing, the frame scheduling performance has a great effect on the efficiency of multiplexing. Traditional researches about the scheduling model mainly focus on the source packet arrival model of Poisson process. In this paper, an ON/OFF source arrival model and Pareto distribution of AOS multiplexing in self-similar service traffic is used to establish a isochronous frame-generated method through rigorous theoretical analysis, which results in a calculable formula of average packet delay and MPDU average multiplex efficiency. According to simulation of MATLAB, the simulation curve coincides with that of theory. The novel model contributes to the improvement of average packet delay and MPDU average multiplex efficiency on AOS.

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Wang, Hua Hua, Wang Qiang Zheng, and Nan Lv. "A Method to Improve PDCCH Blind Detection Efficiency Used in TD-LTE System." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3585.

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In order to improve the efficiency of blind detection in receiving end, this paper deeply considered structure of the PDCCH multiplexing data and analyze the current algorithm. A more efficient algorithm based on preprocessing the PDCCH multiplexing data in certain search space is proposed in this paper. This algorithm ably reduces the blind detection times.

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9

Schmid, Matthew J., Kalpana Manthiram, Scott M. Grayson, James C. Willson, Jason E. Meiring, Kathryn M. Bell, Andrew D. Ellington, and C. Grant Willson. "Feature Multiplexing—Improving the Efficiency of Microarray Devices." Angewandte Chemie 118, no. 20 (May 12, 2006): 3416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200502151.

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10

Schmid, Matthew J., Kalpana Manthiram, Scott M. Grayson, James C. Willson, Jason E. Meiring, Kathryn M. Bell, Andrew D. Ellington, and C. Grant Willson. "Feature Multiplexing—Improving the Efficiency of Microarray Devices." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 20 (May 12, 2006): 3338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200502151.

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11

Nahar, Sabiqun, Md Redowan Mahmud Arnob, and Mohammad Nasir Uddin. "Empirical analysis of polarization division multiplexing-dense wavelength division multiplexing hybrid multiplexing techniques for channel capacity enhancement." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp590-600.

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<span>This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization division multiplexing with C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels with 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed with two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data with 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate of 4.16 Tbits/s with spectral efficiency of 69% with 20% side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) 40.7. The performance of the proposed techniques has been analyzed using optimized system parameters securing a minimum bit error rate (BER) 10-9 at a transmission distance up to 50 km.</span>

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12

Liu, Yunpeng, Teng Zhang, Jian Su, Tao Jing, Min Lin, Pei Li, and Xingpeng Yan. "Reconstruction resolution enhancement of EPISM based holographic stereogram with hogel spatial multiplexing." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 044201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac306f.

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We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element (hogel) affects the reconstruction of a 3D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method (EPISM). First, the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium. Second, combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram’s diffraction efficiency, the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode. The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system. The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram, which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram. Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments, hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image, consistent with the theoretical analysis.

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Song, Wei, Shi Quan Tao, Da Yong Wang, Yun Xin Wang, and Lisa Marx. "Exposure Schedule for Uniform Diffraction Efficiency of Partially-Overlapping Multiple Holograms in Dual Monomers Photopolymers." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.638.

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The exposure schedule model of uniform diffraction efficiency in single monomer photopolymer is extended to that in dual monomers with partially-overlapping multiplexing methods. The proposed model can be thought of solving an optimization problem. The exposure schedule for 51 holograms are calculated and verified by the numerical simulation. The result shows that the exposure schedule is effective to produce the uniform diffraction efficiency for the multiplexing holographic storage.

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14

Junejo, Naveed Ur Rehman, Mariyam Sattar, Saifullah Adnan, Haixin Sun, Abuzar B. M. Adam, Ahmad Hassan, and Hamada Esmaiel. "A Survey on Physical Layer Techniques and Challenges in Underwater Communication Systems." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040885.

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In the past decades, researchers/scientists have paid attention to the physical layer of underwater communications (UWCs) due to a variety of scientific, military, and civil tasks completed beneath water. This includes numerous activities critical for communication, such as survey and monitoring of oceans, rescue, and response to disasters under the sea. Till the end of the last decade, many review articles addressing the history and survey of UWC have been published which were mostly focused on underwater sensor networks (UWSN), routing protocols, and underwater optical communication (UWOC). This paper provides an overview of underwater acoustic (UWA) physical layer techniques including cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), zero padding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ZP-OFDM), time-domain synchronization orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM), multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), unfiltered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (UF-OFDM), continuous phase modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CPM-OFDM), filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation, MIMO, spatial modulation technologies (SMTs), and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing index modulation (OFDM-IM). Additionally, this paper provides a comprehensive review of UWA channel modeling problems and challenges, such as transmission loss, propagation delay, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and distance, multipath effect, ambient noise effect, delay spread, Doppler effect modeling, Doppler shift estimation. Further, modern technologies of the physical layer of UWC have been discussed. This study also discusses the different modulation technology in terms of spectral efficiency, computational complexity, date rate, bit error rate (BER), and energy efficiency along with their merits and demerits.

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15

ONO, TAKASHI. "Wavelength Division multiplexing: terabit technologies with high spectral efficiency." Optics and Photonics News 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.12.3.000056.

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16

Li, Jiazhe, Siyi Li, Heng Dong, and Zhuoming Li. "Intrinsic Interference Cancellation Scheme for FBMC-OQAM Systems Based on Power Multiplexing." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091443.

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As a competitive candidate of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) has significant advantages in low spectrum leakage, relaxed synchronization requirements and high spectral efficiency. However, the loss of orthogonality leads to intrinsic interference in FBMC, whereas most methods eliminate it by sacrificing data symbols, resulting in a non-negligible decrease in spectral efficiency. In this context, we propose a new method that eliminates intrinsic interference completely without sacrificing any data symbols thanks to the power multiplexing in the transmitter and the successive interference cancellation scheme in the receiver, contributing to a higher spectral efficiency compared with previous methods. Both the analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher spectral efficiency and similar power efficiency compared with the traditional coded auxiliary pilot (CAP) method without a notable decrease in bit error rate (BER) performance.

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17

Ibrahimov, Bayram. "Research and analysis of the efficiency fiber-optic communication lines using DWDM technologies." International Robotics & Automation Journal 9, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/iratj.2023.09.00260.

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The performance indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral technology with separation communication channels are analyzed. The effectiveness of the use network resources optical telecommunication systems using spectral technologies based on the architectural concept of the next NGN (NGN, Next Generation Network) and future FN (FN, Future Network) networks has been studied. This work is devoted to the construction methods for calculating the indicators optical networks and the study methods and tools for improving the efficiency using network and channel resources fiber-optic communication lines using dense spectral multiplexing optical signals with separation communication channels. The problem ensuring effective management channel and network resources in optical communication networks are considered. As a result of the study technology spectral multiplexing, a new approach to the construction of a calculation method is proposed that describes the efficiency managing network and channel resources in fiber-optic communication lines, taking into account the numerous requirements their parameters and transfer characteristics. On the basis of the calculation method, analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the resources of the system, indicators informational and spectral efficiency of the functioning fiber-optic communication lines. The results of the research can be applied by cellular operators when designing an optical telecommunications network, in particular, to determine the optimal value of the capacity optical systems based on wavelength multiplexing technology and modulation spectral efficiencies.

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18

Ying Wang, Li Fang, and Daoben Li. "A Novel High Spectral Efficiency Time Domain Convolutional Multiplexing Technique." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 3 (February 15, 2013): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue3.26.

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19

Sun, Yue, Jintao Wang, Changyong Pan, Longzhuang He, and Bo Ai. "Spatial Modulation Aided Layered Division Multiplexing: A Spectral Efficiency Perspective." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 65, no. 1 (March 2019): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2018.2825311.

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20

Gu, Rentao, Gang Wang, Zhekang Li, and Yuefeng Ji. "Energy and Transmission Efficiency Enhancement in Passive Optical Network Enabled Reconfigurable Fronthaul Supporting Smart Homes." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 6245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216245.

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Smart home technologies are growing actively all around the world. As a result, great pressures are imposed on internet of things networks by dynamic traffic and plenty of devices. The passive optical network is considered one of the most promising fronthaul technologies. In particular, the time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network has shown the advantage of high capacity and received attention recently. In support of internet of things networks, the energy and transmission efficiency has emerged as an important issue on the time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network enabled fronthaul networks. In this paper, we try to enhance the energy and transmission efficiency of the time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network enabled reconfigurable fronthaul. Fronthaul links’ load balancing is also taken into consideration. An integer non-linear programming model is employed to formulate the joint optimization problem. We also provide an adaptive genetic algorithm-based approach with fast convergence. The simulation results show that the active units of fronthaul can be dynamically switched on/off with the traffic variation and a significant energy saving is achieved. In addition, the maximum transmission efficiency increases by 87% with integer non-linear programming method in off-peak periods.

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21

Pallavi, C. H., and G. Sreenivasulu. "A High Speed Underwater Wireless Communication Through a Novel Hybrid Opto-Acoustic Modem Using MIMO-OFDM." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 20, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.200505.

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For efficient underwater opto/acoustic communication, this research proposes the use of MIMO in conjunction with OFDM. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems may be widely used in wireless networks to provide high data transfer rates, resistance to multipath fading, and an increase in the channel's Spatial Multiplexing and Spatial Diversity Gain. Transmission speed can be increased by altering bandwidth or spectral efficiency (or both) in wireless data transmission systems. Systems that use Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technologies have the potential to improve spectral efficiency by employing several transmitters and receivers in tandem. To maximize spectrum efficiency and minimize inter-symbol interference, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) divides signals into a number of narrow band channels (ISI). In other words, combining the benefits of MIMO with OFDM will boost spectral efficiency while also increasing the link's dependability and spectral gain. MIMO and OFDM approaches are integrated in this research to increase opto-acoustic modem performance. MATLAB Simulink tool was used to design and simulate the proposed hybrid opto-acoustic modem with MIMO-OFDM for optical and acoustic (EM) signal transmission and reception. The simulation results verify the viability of the proposed method, and the measured bit-error rate (BER) for acoustic (EM) signal is 0.4958 and optical signal is 0.5101. The overall bandwidth of the system is from -150 MHz to +150 MHz.

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Kim, Seung Tae, Kap-Jin Kim, Ki-Won Song, and Jae Min Ahn. "Performance of TPC based ranging signal for more than 2 services multiplexing." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199403007.

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This paper presents signal structure and power efficiency performance for simultaneous transmission of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service signals based on Tiered Polyphase Code (TPC). For the simultaneous transmission of three or more service signals, the intermodulation terms addition and modification of the power allocations for the signal multiplexing are applied first to the spreading signal with the binary pseudorandom noise (PRN) code and a constant envelope signal is generated. Then, Zadoff-Chu sequence is applied as a secondary code to generate a multiplexed satellite navigation signal having a constant envelope characteristic. Simulation results show that power efficiency performance of more than 80% can be achieved in three service signal multiplexing.

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23

Zheng, Zi Wei. "Iterative Channel Estimation Scheme for the WLAN Systems with the Multiple-Antenna Receivers." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.871.

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Alleviate the multipath delay spread and suitable for broadband transmission efficiency, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing wireless local area network (WLAN) is widely used to assist inverse fast Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform operation domain. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a blow to the broadcast channel multipath fading and high data throughput, transmission, wireless fading channel method, which is widely used to support high performance bandwidth-efficient wireless multimedia services. Several times in the transmitter and receiver antenna technology allows data transfer rate and spectrum efficiency and the use of multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas through spatial processing. High-precision channel estimation scheme is very important wideband multi-carrier orthogonal frequency complex WLAN systems use multiple antenna receiver based division of labor and the overall multi-carrier orthogonal frequency multiplexing division of performance-based WLAN system is to crucial antenna to receive the symbol error rate. In this article, the iterative channel estimation scheme proposed multi-carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexed using multiple antennas receiver-based WLAN system.

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24

MENTH, MICHAEL. "ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LOW-BITRATE REAL-TIME TRAFFIC MULTIPLEXING IN UMTS OVER IP NETWORKS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 02, no. 01 (March 2001): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265901000300.

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Voice and circuit switched data will be carried over IP networks in the wireline part of the future UMTS. The commonly used protocol suite for low-bitrate real-time traffic transmission in the Internet leads to large header overhead, i.e., to low utilization of the network resources by user data. Multiplexing packets of different flows into a single IP packet reduces this effect. We model packet tunneling and multiplexing with subsequent spacing in IP networks. We derive a discrete-time analysis based on a framework for solving Markov chains. The numerical results show the superiority of multiplexing schemes provided that parameters are set in an appropriate way since there are many performance tradeoffs that have substantial effect on the efficiency of the system.

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25

Yang, Xianzhen, Siyuan Yan, Xiao Li, and Fu Li. "A Unified Spectrum Formulation for OFDM, FBMC, and F-OFDM." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081285.

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Although orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been standardized for 5G, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) and filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) remain competitive as candidates for future generations of wireless technologies beyond 5G, due to their reduced spectrum leakage and thus enhanced spectrum efficiency. In this article, we developed a unified spectrum expression for OFDM, FBMC, and F-OFDM, which provides comparative insights into those techniques. A representative sideband quantification is included at the end of this article.

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Willner, Alan E., Yongxiong Ren, Guodong Xie, Yan Yan, Long Li, Zhe Zhao, Jian Wang, Moshe Tur, Andreas F. Molisch, and Solyman Ashrafi. "Recent advances in high-capacity free-space optical and radio-frequency communications using orbital angular momentum multiplexing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2087 (February 28, 2017): 20150439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0439.

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There is a continuing growth in the demand for data bandwidth, and the multiplexing of multiple independent data streams has the potential to provide the needed data capacity. One technique uses the spatial domain of an electromagnetic (EM) wave, and space division multiplexing (SDM) has become increasingly important for increased transmission capacity and spectral efficiency of a communication system. A subset of SDM is mode division multiplexing (MDM), in which multiple orthogonal beams each on a different mode can be multiplexed. A potential modal basis set to achieve MDM is to use orbital angular momentum (OAM) of EM waves. In such a system, multiple OAM beams each carrying an independent data stream are multiplexed at the transmitter, propagate through a common medium and are demultiplexed at the receiver. As a result, the total capacity and spectral efficiency of the communication system can be multiplied by a factor equal to the number of transmitted OAM modes. Over the past few years, progress has been made in understanding the advantages and limitations of using multiplexed OAM beams for communication systems. In this review paper, we highlight recent advances in the use of OAM multiplexing for high-capacity free-space optical and millimetre-wave communications. We discuss different technical challenges (e.g. atmospheric turbulence and crosstalk) as well as potential techniques to mitigate such degrading effects. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.

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27

Dehnaw, Amare Mulatie, Yibeltal Chanie Manie, Ya Yu Chen, Po Han Chiu, Hung Wei Huang, Guan Wei Chen, and Peng Chun Peng. "Design Reliable Bus Structure Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Network Using Gated Recurrent Unit Network." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 7355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247355.

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The focus of this paper was designing and demonstrating bus structure FBG sensor networks using intensity wavelength division multiplexing (IWDM) techniques and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithm to increase the capability of multiplexing and the ability to detect Bragg wavelengths with greater accuracy. Several Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are coupled with power ratios of 90:10 and 80:10, respectively in the suggested experimental setup. We used the latest IWDM multiplexing technique for the proposed scheme, as the IWDM system increases the number of sensors and allows us to alleviate the limited operational region drawback of conventional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). However, IWDM has a crosstalk problem that causes high-sensor signal measurement errors. Thus, we proposed the GRU model to overcome this crosstalk or overlapping problem by converting the spectral detection problem into a regression problem and considered the sequence of spectral features as input. By feeding this sequential spectrum dataset into the GRU model, we trained the GRU system until we achieved optimal efficiency. Consequently, the well-trained GRU model quickly and accurately identifies the Bragg wavelength of each FBG from the overlapping spectra. The Bragg wavelength detection performance of our proposed GRU model is tested or validated using different numbers of FBG sensors, such as 3-FBG, 5-FBG, 7-FBG, and 10-FBG, separately. As a result, the experiment result proves that the well-trained GRU model accurately identifies each FBG Bragg wavelength, and even the number of FBG sensors increase, as well as the spectra of FBGs, which are partially or fully overlapped. Therefore, to boost the detection efficiency, reliability, and to increase the multiplexing capabilities of FBG sensor networks, the proposed sensor system is better than the other previously proposed methods.

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Kaneda, F., and P. G. Kwiat. "High-efficiency single-photon generation via large-scale active time multiplexing." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaaw8586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw8586.

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Deterministic generation of single- and multiphoton states is a key requirement for large-scale optical quantum information and communication applications. While heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs) using nonlinear optical processes have enabled proof-of-principle demonstrations in this area of research, they are not scalable as their probabilistic nature severely limits their generation efficiency. We overcome this limitation by demonstrating a substantial improvement in HSPS efficiency via large-scale time multiplexing. Using an ultra-low loss, adjustable optical delay to multiplex 40 conventional HSPS photon generation processes into each operation cycle, we have observed a factor of 9.7(5) enhancement in efficiency, yielding a 66.7(24)% probability of collecting a single photon with high indistinguishability (90%) into a single-mode fiber per cycle. We also experimentally investigate the trade-off between a high single-photon probability and unwanted multiphoton emission. Upgrading our time-multiplexed source with state-of-the-art HSPS and single-photon detector technologies will enable the generation of >30 coincident photons with unprecedented efficiency.

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Cagliero, Andrea, and Rossella Gaffoglio. "On the Spectral Efficiency Limits of an OAM-Based Multiplexing Scheme." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017): 900–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2016.2614338.

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30

Lei, Cheng, Hongwei Chen, Minghua Chen, and Shizhong Xie. "A high spectral efficiency optical OFDM scheme based on interleaved multiplexing." Optics Express 18, no. 25 (November 30, 2010): 26149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.026149.

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Fan, Qingbin, Yilin Wang, Mingze Liu, and Ting Xu. "High-efficiency, linear-polarization-multiplexing metalens for long-wavelength infrared light." Optics Letters 43, no. 24 (December 11, 2018): 6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.006005.

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32

Yijia Fan, Chao Wang, H. V. Poor, and J. S. Thompson. "Cooperative Multiplexing: Toward Higher Spectral Efficiency in Multiple-Antenna Relay Networks." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 55, no. 9 (September 2009): 3909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2023721.

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33

Mohammadi, A., S. Sadrafshari, C. R. Bowen, and M. R. Yuce. "Time Domain Multiplexing for Efficiency Enhanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting in MEMS." IEEE Electron Device Letters 41, no. 3 (March 2020): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2020.2965143.

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Vargas Valencia, Javier A., and Boris A. Rodríguez Rey. "Phase chaotic encryption and efficiency evaluation for an image multiplexing method." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 121 (October 2019): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.05.008.

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35

Zhou, Zhihui, Zuping Tang, Jiaolong Wei, Xuan Xia, and Tao Yan. "Phase-aligned Dual-frequency Constant Envelope Multiplexing Technique for GNSS Signals." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000959.

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In the new generation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), dual-frequency constant envelope multiplexing is widely desired and is becoming an important subject in signal design. Considerable work has been devoted to multiplexing for the Alternative Binary Offset Carrier (AltBOC)-like signal model, for which each sideband consists of two or fewer signal components. In this paper, a phase-aligned dual-frequency constant envelope multiplexing technique is proposed for a general dual-frequency signal model. This multiplexing technique can be used to combine two constant-envelope-modulated signals in two sidebands into a composite signal with a constant envelope, where the constant-envelope-modulated signal in each sideband consists of an arbitrary number of signal components with an arbitrary power ratio and phase relationship among the signal components. A Lookup Table (LUT)-based signal generation method is also proposed, for which the required driving clock rate of the signal generator can be flexibly adjusted to meet the requirements of the satellite payload. Applications for the AltBOC-like signal model and a general dual-frequency signal model in the Beidou B1 band validate the flexibility and high multiplexing efficiency of our method. Specifically, AltBOC is a special case of the proposed method.

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Lv, Shuyuan, Jie Jia, Wenfeng Luo, and Xinhui Li. "Design and research of dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing multifocal metalens based on superimposed nano-antenna array." Materials Research Express 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 115802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac39c3.

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Abstract In this study, based on the single-layer metasurface structure, a dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing metalens is designed at the communication wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. Using the dual-phase modulation method, a single-wavelength polarization multiplexing metalens is proposed, which can simultaneously control left-handed circularly polarized light (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized light (RCP). Furthermore, the cross superposition method is used to combine them to achieve the dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing metalens. The results show that the system can achieve polarization multiplexing at the two wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, which is consistent with the expected results, and the focusing efficiency reached 61%. With the increase of the numerical aperture, the focusing intensity of the left and right focal points gradually approaches, and the difference between the full width at half maximum of the two focal points also decreases accordingly. It provides a new way for the optical imaging, information detection and the realization of multifunctional ultra-surface devices.

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Safonova, Olga, Elena Arepyeva, and Nadezhda Ermakova. "Improved Efficiency of Data Transmission in Wireless Communication Systems with Orthogonal Frequency Multiplexing." NBI Technologies, no. 3 (December 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2021.3.3.

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The active introduction of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is now beginning to be widely used in wireless transmission systems, television, radio communication, and radio broadcasting. The efficiency of using a dedicated frequency band at a constant high transmission rate allows you to combat interference arising from the transmission of a useful information on the radio channel. A method of improving quality of information transmission in communication systems with orthogonal frequency multiplexing is described. It is shown that with an increase in the number of receiving and transmitting antennas, the noise immunity increases significantly. An experiment was carried out to change the number of receiving-transmitting antennas and the signal-to-noise ratio, and the dependence of the appearance of an error on the number of transmitting antennas was obtained. The work investigated the software model of MIMO OFDM (modulators and demodulators). As a result of the analysis, the dependence of the appearance of the error frequency on the probability of the error was obtained. This showed that the use of OFDM and MIMO places increased demands on channel estimation.

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Kadhim, Muthanna Ali, Ali Yousif Fattah, and Atheer Alaa Sabri. "Spectral efficiency and performance improvement of coherent optical transmission system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp290-300.

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This paper presents an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for a long-haul optical transmission system with high-rate transferability to alleviate dispersion effects. In addition, we suggest combining polarization division multiplexing (PDM) with coherent OFDM (CO-OFDM) to increase spectral efficiency (SE). Based on OptiSystem (2021) version 18.0" software package, a 100 Gbps single-channel PDM-CO-OFDM transmission system is investigated using different modulation formats; bipolar phase keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), Eight-Phase-Shift Keying modulators (8-PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). A 60 km span of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) cable is employed in this investigation. The system's performance and spectral efficiency have been evaluated by comparing against the different modulation schemes. The outcomes that were got show that the BPSK modulation scheme has the longest transmission distance and requires a lesser level of optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) at the receiver side. Concerning spectral efficiency, 16-QAM outperforms the others. Farther, the impact of employing ultra-low loss and large effective area fiber in reducing loss and nonlinear effects in the optical channel for 16-QAM modulation formats is examined. The result found that the system with advanced fiber has superior performance than the SSMF. The bit error rate (BER) of 0.033 (20% concatenated forward error correction (FEC) threshold) is used as a baseline.

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Lowery, Arthur James. "Spectrally efficient optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0180.

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This paper charts the development of spectrally efficient forms of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) that are suited for intensity-modulated direct detection systems, such as wireless optical communications. The journey begins with systems using a DC-bias to ensure that no parts of the signal that modulates the optical source are negative in value, as negative optical intensity is unphysical. As the DC-part of the optical signal carries no information, it is wasteful in energy; thus asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM was developed, removing any negative-going peaks below the mean. Unfortunately, the clipping causes second-order distortion and intermodulation, so some subcarriers appear to be unusable, halving spectral efficiency; this is similar for unipolar and flipped optical OFDM. Thus, a considerable effort has been made to regain spectral efficiency, using layered techniques where the clipping distortion is mostly cancelled at the receiver, from a knowledge of one unpolluted layer, enabling one or more extra ‘layers/paths/depths’ to be received on the previously unusable subcarriers. Importantly, for a given optical power and high-order modulation, layered methods offer the best spectral efficiencies and need the lowest signal-to-noise ratios, especially if diversity combining is used. Thus, they could be important for high-bandwidth optical fibre systems. Efficient methods of generating all layers simultaneously, using fast Fourier transforms with their partial calculations extracted, are discussed, as are experimental demonstrations in both wireless and short-haul communications links. A musical analogy is also provided, which may point to how orchestral and rock music is deciphered in the brain. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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Dong, Hong Zhao, Yu Ting Zhao, and Shuai Ma. "A Novel TDM Approach for Dedicated Bus Lanes Guaranteeing Bus Priority." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.106.

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To solve the efficiency issue of dedicated bus lanes (DBL), a time division multiplexing (TDM) method of DBL is proposed that the general vehicle can share DBL and avoid collision with the bus according to its GPS location. To harmonize the running of the bus and the general vehicle, a method is raised to divide space segment and time slice of DBL. At last, the PARAMICS simulating experiment shows the proposed DBL multiplexing approach could not only ensure bus priority but also promote the higher traffic speed, the lower traffic density and the shorter delay time of downstream intersection than before.

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Remlein, Piotr. "Multiuser cpm transmission for mimo systems." Image Processing & Communications 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10248-012-0093-0.

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Abstract Frequency-Division Multiplexed Continuous Phase Modulation (FDM-CPM) systems with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission are investigated. In this paper, a multiuser reception scheme for CPM MIMO transmission is presented. The analyzed system is designed to achieve high spectral efficiency by exploiting the multiplexing gain of MIMO techniques. To take advantage of the multiplexing gain of MIMO systems, a Zero Forcing (ZF) MIMO detector and a low-complexity iterative algorithm for Inter- Carrier Interference (ICI) cancellation are considered. Numerical simulations have been performed to assess the performance improvement achieved with the proposed frequency-division multiplexed CPM multiuser MIMO system

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Sun, Qing, and Wilfred Chen. "HaloTag mediated artificial cellulosome assembly on a rolling circle amplification DNA template for efficient cellulose hydrolysis." Chemical Communications 52, no. 40 (2016): 6701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc02035f.

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We report here the generation of artificial cellulosomes onto a DNA scaffold using the self-labeling HaloTag for DNA conjugation. Rolling circle amplification multiplexing templates were used to increase the complexity of this system with higher efficiency observed.

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Jiang, Zheng, Bin Han, Peng Chen, Fengyi Yang, and Qi Bi. "Design of Joint Spatial and Power Domain Multiplexing Scheme for Massive MIMO Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/368463.

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Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the key techniques in 5th generation wireless systems (5G) due to its potential ability to improve spectral efficiency. Most of the existing works on massive MIMO only consider Time Division Duplex (TDD) operation that relies on channel reciprocity between uplink and downlink channels. For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, with continued efforts, some downlink multiuser MIMO scheme was recently proposed in order to enable “massive MIMO” gains and simplified system operations with limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains in FDD system. However these schemes, such as Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) scheme and hybrid precoding scheme, only focus on multiuser transmission in spatial domain. Different from most of the existing works, this paper proposes Joint Spatial and Power Multiplexing (JSPM) scheme in FDD systems. It extends existing FDD schemes from spatial division and multiplexing to joint spatial and power domain to achieve more multiplexing gain. The user grouping and scheduling scheme of JSPM is studied and the asymptotic expression for the sum capacity is derived as well. Finally, simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Semenov, A. B., and M. S. Bylina. "Technical efficiency of parallel multimode optical cable channels category OM5 for data centers." Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-2017-4-91-101.

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The expediency of transition to the principle of wavelength multiplexing scheme in the process of building the telecommunications infrastructure of modern data centers. Grounded computational model to determine the maximum length of the optical channel, which takes into account the dependence of attenuation- and bandwidth factors on the wavelength. Evaluated technical benefit to using a new generation wideband multimode optical fiber of category OM5.

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Wang, Yingqiang, Zhaohua Nian, Chang Liu, Wei Han, and Maowei Lin. "A Bandwidth Statistical Multiplexing and Control Method for Satellite Broadcasting." Scientific Programming 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841006.

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In the field of satellite data broadcasting, the management quality of data broadcasting bandwidth is directly related to the throughput of the broadcasting system and plays an important role in the performance of satellites. In this paper, for the sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite broadcasting which has the conventional product files and emergency information, a broadcast bandwidth statistical multiplexing and control method is designed for bandwidth management. It can be used for the management of broadcasting between regular products and emergency information, as well as internal broadcasting among regular products. This paper is the first to apply common multiplexing of PID and channel mode (CMPCM) to satellite broadcasting. The test verified that the broadcast channel of the parameters and the broadcast schedule management channel resources achieved statistical multiplexing of bandwidth, ratio of channel management functions, and data broadcast control. Broadcasting occupation ratio (BOR) and broadcasting file error ratio (BER) improved significantly. This is significant for improving the efficiency of satellite uplink broadcasting.

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Xiu, Wei-Jie, Li Wang, Meng-Yang Guo, Li-Li Zhang, and Qi Zhao. "Investigation of Control Method for Connected-Automated Vehicle to Multiplex Dedicated Bus Lane." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2470738.

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Dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) have been widely utilized to ensure public transport priority. To improve overall road efficiency, various control methods of multiplexing DBL are developed and discussed. In this study, we focus on the control method which is based on the connected-automated vehicle (CAV) technology, and the proposed method is validated by using microscopic traffic simulation. The simulation results show that two proposed control methods of multiplexing DBL can reduce the average delay and the average number of stops and increase the travel speed. In comparison, the real-time control method based on the CAV technology offers better effects than the improved signal light control method.

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Shearer, A. Eliot, Michael S. Hildebrand, Harini Ravi, Swati Joshi, Angelica C. Guiffre, Barbara Novak, Scott Happe, Emily M. LeProust, and Richard JH Smith. "Pre-capture multiplexing improves efficiency and cost-effectiveness of targeted genomic enrichment." BMC Genomics 13, no. 1 (2012): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-618.

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Xiao-Su, Ma, He Qing-Sheng, and Jin Guo-Fan. "Uniform Diffraction Efficiency for Three-Dimensional Dynamic-Static Speckle Multiplexing Holographic Storage." Chinese Physics Letters 22, no. 9 (August 25, 2005): 2262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/22/9/034.

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Ming-Kang Liu and P. C. Modestou. "Multilevel signaling and pulse shaping for spectrum efficiency in subcarrier multiplexing transmission." Journal of Lightwave Technology 12, no. 7 (July 1994): 1239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.301817.

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Sotobayashi, Hideyuki. "Optical Communications: Improving Spectral Efficiency Based on Optical Code Division Multiplexing Techniques." Optics and Photonics News 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.13.12.000037.

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