Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple two-way design information exchanges'
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Mujumdar, Purva, and J. Uma Maheswari. "Alternate beeline diagramming method network analysis for interdependent design entities." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2017-0112.
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Purpose The design phase is generally characterized with two-way multiple information exchanges/overlaps between the interdependent entities. In this paper, entity is a generic term to represent teams, components, activities or parameters. Existing approaches can either capture a single overlap or lack practical application in representing multiple overlaps. The beeline diagraming method (BDM) network is efficient in representing multiple overlaps for construction projects. However, it considers any entity as indivisible and cannot distinguish partial criticality of entities. In reality, the design phase in any construction project is driven by need basis and often has numerous interruptions. Hence, there is a need to develop an alternate network analysis for BDM for interruptible execution. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A pilot study is conducted to formulate the hypothetical examples. Subsequently, these hypothetical BDM examples are analyzed to trace a pattern for criticality. This pattern study along with the existing precedence diagramming method network analysis enabled to derive new equations for forward pass, backward pass and float. Finally, the proposed concepts are applied to two design cases and reviewed with the design experts. Findings The proposed network analysis for BDM is efficient for interruptible entity execution. Practical implications The proposed BDM network is an information-intensive network that enables the design participants to view the project holistically. Application to two distinct cases emphasizes that the concept is generic and can be applied to any project that is characterized with beelines. Originality/value An alternate network analysis for BDM is investigated for interruptible entity execution. This study also clarifies the related concepts – interdependency, iteration, overlaps and multiple information exchanges/linkages.
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Darsena, Donatella, Giacinto Gelli, Ivan Iudice, and Francesco Verde. "Separable MSE-Based Design of Two-Way Multiple-Relay Cooperative MIMO 5G Networks." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 6284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216284.
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While the combination of multi-antenna and relaying techniques has been extensively studied for Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, it is expected to still play an important role in 5th Generation (5G) networks. However, the expected benefits of these technologies cannot be achieved without a proper system design. In this paper, we consider the problem of jointly optimizing terminal precoders/decoders and relay forwarding matrices on the basis of the sum mean square error (MSE) criterion in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relay systems, where two multi-antenna nodes mutually exchange information via multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relays. This problem is nonconvex and a local optimal solution is typically found by using iterative algorithms based on alternating optimization. We show how the constrained minimization of the sum-MSE can be relaxed to obtain two separated subproblems which, under mild conditions, admit a closed-form solution. Compared to iterative approaches, the proposed design is more suited to be integrated in 5G networks, since it is computationally more convenient and its performance exhibits a better scaling in the number of relays.
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Nguyen, Do Dung, and Qingchun Chen. "On the Energy Efficient Multiple Pair Communications in Two-Way Massive MIMO Relaying Networks with Imperfect CSI." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2017.33.
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Multiple-pair two-way communication in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay network is studied in this article wherein K single antenna source nodes exchange their messages to the corresponding K single antenna destination nodes with the help of one relay provisioned with N(N >> K) antenna array. And the energy efficient two-way multiple-pair communication in Massive MIMO relay network through the precoding design at relay is addressed. It is shown hat, even with the imperfect channel state information at the relay, the maximum ratio combining-maximum ratio transmission (MRC/MRT) precoding and the zero-forcing reception zero-forcing transmission (ZFR/ZFT) precoding at relay can be employed to mitigate inter-pair interference. The asymptotic signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) analysis of four power-scaling schemes in the regime of very large number of antenna at relay shows that, the inter-pair interference can be eliminated, the effect of the small-scale fading can be averaged out; the total transmit power consumption can be reduced for a better energy efficient multiple-pair communication when the number of antenna at relay is large enough. Moreover, when the transmit power at relay is sufficient, both the MRC/MRT and the ZFR/ZFT based relaying strategy can effectively cope with the channel state information (CSI) error. Simulation results are presented to validate our analysis.
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Shu, Qiguan, Thomas Rötzer, Andreas Detter, and Ferdinand Ludwig. "Tree Information Modeling: A Data Exchange Platform for Tree Design and Management." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111955.
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Trees integrated into buildings and dense urban settings have become a trend in recent years worldwide. Without a thoughtful design, conflicts between green and gray infrastructures can take place in two aspects: (1) tree crown compete with living space above ground; (2) built underground environment, the other way round, affect tree’s health and security. Although various data about urban trees are collected by different professions for multiple purposes, the communication between them is still limited by unmatched scales and formats. To address this, tree information modeling (TIM) is proposed in this study, aiming at a standardized tree description system in a high level of detail (LoD). It serves as a platform to exchange data and share knowledge about tree growth models. From the perspective of architects and landscape designers, urban trees provide ecosystem services (ESS) not only through their overall biomass, shading, and cooling. They are also related to various branching forms and crown density, forming new layers of urban living space. So, detailed stem, branch and even root geometry is the key to interacting with humans, building structures and other facilities. It is illustrated in this paper how these detailed data are collected to initialize a TIM model with the help of multiple tools, how the topological geometry of stem and branches in TIM is interpreted into an L-system (a common syntax to describe tree geometries), allowing implementation of widely established tree simulations from other professions. In a vision, a TIM-assisted design workflow is framed, where trees are regularly monitored and simulated under boundary conditions to approach target parameters by design proposals.
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Cashman, Timothy G. "“In spite of the way the world is”." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-11-2018-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide comparative perspectives on how educators teach issues that affect two countries with a history of governmental tensions. The investigation examines how teachers in Cuban classrooms engage in discourses on the recent developments in Cuban and US relations, including the teaching of historical and territorial issues. This research considers border pedagogy, critical border dialogism and critical border praxis as approaches for those who educate on the effects of US international policies. Ultimately, pragmatic hope offers the possibilities for an emergent third space for Cuban and US relations, including educational exchanges. Design/methodology/approach The research took place in Cuba during an educational exchange to Cuban secondary and university educational sites. Cuban educators of pedagogy and social education engaged in dialogue and shared information on how they address US international policies during their classroom discussions. The researcher employed methodologies that followed Stake’s (2000) model for a substantive case study. Impressions, data, records and salient elements at the observed site were recorded. Transcriptions were documented for face-to-face interviews and hour-long focus group sessions. Participants also logged responses to written survey questions. The study focused on how Cuban educators taught, discussed and addressed the US international policies in classrooms. Findings Heteroglossia, meliorism, critical cosmopolitanism, nepantla, dialogic feminism and pragmatic hope were components of the data analysis. Heteroglossia was an essential consideration throughout the study as multiple interpretations of Cuban and US interconnectedness emerged. Meliorism factored into Cuban educators’ commitments to their professions. Critical cosmopolitanism developed as educators put forth different conceptualizations of human rights and democracy. Nepantla emerged as a key aspect as indigenous and self-determined viewpoints emerged. Dialogic feminism was preeminent as patriarchy continues to exist, despite a new awareness of gender roles and gender violence. Pragmatic hope offers possibilities for a transnational community of inquiry and collaboration. Research limitations/implications The most obvious limitation to this study is, as a case study, the limited scope of perception. Practical implications If future relations between Cuban and the US are deemed uncertain, critical border praxis has an essential role in addressing new sets of uncertainties. This study recommends that educational communities engage in discourses addressing ongoing issues facing the dynamic, fluid border environs. Critical border praxis provides conditions in which we, as educators and members of diverse communities of learners, become cross-borders and broaden the possibilities to achieve what had been considered the unattainable. Resources need to be prioritized and redirected toward educational efforts on national, state and local levels so critical border praxis becomes a reality. Social implications Through transnational and transborder engagements, such as educational exchanges, both US and Cuban educators are provided opportunities to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their own educational systems. The role of education, formal and informal, then serves to transform perceptions one-by-one, school-by-school, community-by-community and to influence policy makers to reconstruct education country-by-country as part of pragmatic hope for an enduring Pax Universalis. Pax Universalis serves as a third space where transborder students and educators alike are positioned as co-creators of knowledge and agents of change. Originality/value This study proposes a new emergent third space resulting from critical border dialogism that utilizes border pedagogy and critical pedagogies of place to seek new zones of mutual respect and cooperation among educators. Common educational understandings are the key starting point for a critical border praxis that facilitates ongoing dialogue between the two countries and offers pragmatic hope for the futures of both nations and opportunities to ameliorate relationships. An emergent third space is possible through sustained critical border praxis, a praxis that seeks to address points of contention and the bridges that need crossing between the two neighboring countries.
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Yee, Rachel W. Y., Thomas Y. Choi, Andy C. L. Yeung, and T. C. E. Cheng. "High-contact services of the transient and high-uncertainty type: managing customer experience." Industrial Management & Data Systems 122, no. 3 (February 15, 2022): 752–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2021-0417.
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PurposeMany small-to-medium sized service shops (e.g. jewelry shops, fine-dining restaurants etc.) operate in a unique service environment. They often face customers in transit (i.e. transient delivery) and with minimal information of their preferences (i.e. high uncertainty). This study investigates how such shops create service experience to customers by focusing on three constructs, namely, customer orientation, management commitment to service quality and quality of leader-member exchange in service systems with the uncertain and transient nature. Building on a systems approach of service experience design, the authors examine all possible effects (main effects and two-way and three-way interaction effects) on customer experience. Specifically, to frame the two-way and the three-way interaction effects, the authors adopt the contingency and configuration approaches, respectively.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a multiple respondent approach involving managers, employees and customers to collect data from 225 service shops in Hong Kong. Hierarchically moderated regression analysis is employed to analyze the collected data.FindingsContrary to our initial conceptualization, most of the direct effects and two-way interaction effects among the three constructs are insignificant. The authors do, however, uncover a significant effect of the three-way interaction term. The authors analyze the results from the configuration perspective.Originality/valueThe finding suggests that the configuration approach is necessary to determine the configuration concerning how design elements align with one another to generate an integrative effect on customer experience. The authors conclude that for high-contact services of the transient and high-uncertainty type, all three constructs must operate simultaneously to evoke favorable customer experience. Customer experience is holistically developed in a service system with high-uncertainty and transient nature, requiring simultaneous alignment across a range of design choices among those involved in service delivery (manager, employee and customer).
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Crisan, Alina, T. Klein, R. Rohlsberger, E. Burkel, and O. Crisan. "Alternative Solutions for Data Storage Using Magnetic Films Exchange-Coupled Through Non-Magnetic Layer." International Journal of Research in Science 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijrs.2017.3.2.01.
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Abstract—We describe an alternative solution to encode information in magnetic films that goes beyond the conventional way of digital magnetic recording. In our approach the information is stored via a continuous variable, namely the remanent coupling angle between two magnetic films that are separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer. Using the technique of nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) [1, 2] we show with good precision, how this coupling angle can be conveniently adjusted with high degree of remanence by shortly applied external magnetic fields. Moreover this effect is explained using a micromagnetic model [3, 4]. Extremely important for future applications of this concept, we demonstrate, that the remanent coupling angles can be read out via magneto-optical or magneto-resistance effects. In principle, this approach allows to design novel memory cells for advance data storage devices, where multiple states per unit cell can be generated and recorded.
Index Terms—Magnetic films, data storage, FePt
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Bodolica, Virginia, and Martin Spraggon. "Life on heels and making deals." Management Decision 53, no. 5 (June 15, 2015): 984–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2013-0552.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues related to entrepreneurial undertakings of women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with the purpose of contributing to the development of context-dependent knowledge of entrepreneurship. Focussing on the life narratives of two expatriate female business-owners who created a common enterprise, the case permits to uncover and critically assess the different stages of the entrepreneurial process in a unique cultural setting. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a narrative case study approach to allow for a rich contextual information to emerge from the detailed accounts of individual lives and entrepreneurial experiences of case protagonists. Data were gathered from multiple sources (e.g. interviews, e-mail exchanges, web sites) and subsequently analyzed and coded into prevalent themes by two researchers and one assistant independently, permitting to achieve both data and investigator triangulation. Findings – This case elucidates the entrepreneurial journey of two female expatriates who launched their individual businesses and joined efforts in the establishment of Heels and Deals (H & D), a network that helps UAE-based women-entrepreneurs reach their professional aspirations within a patriarchal society. The cofounders are now at a cross-roads where they have to make a choice between running their own businesses to secure their sustainability and focussing on H & D to lead its international expansion. The narratives of the case protagonists allow contrasting the discovery and creation views of entrepreneurship and examining the role of leadership skills and personality characteristics in entrepreneurial success. Originality/value – Despite an increasing number of businesswomen in the UAE, little is known about the way they approach the complex entrepreneurial process and deal with challenges and opportunities faced on the road. The case bridges this gap by offering the possibility to reflect on how expatriate female entrepreneurs in a Middle-Eastern context balance multiple trade-offs to succeed in their business-related endeavors.
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Yang, Chieh Yun, Dengming Xie, and Jose Weng Chou Wong. "CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING: THE CASE OF OVERSEAS EXCHANGE PROGRAMS." Advanced Education, no. 19 (December 29, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.239232.
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This article highlights an increasingly popular form of experiential learning, namely overseas exchange programs. Experiential learning is regarded as a valuable way to link up theoretical knowledge and practical skills in hospitality and tourism education. Although some studies have addressed the importance of experiential learning, the factors influencing students’ choice of overseas exchange programs, and the challenges and benefits of students’ experiential learning are still unclear, especially on the overseas exchange programs. The purpose of this study is to reveal the whole picture of overseas exchange programs by utilizing experiential learning cycle theory, and further understand students’ perception of overseas experiential learning. By employing quantitative and qualitative methods, including questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with students who have participated in the overseas exchange programs and content analysis of program information, this study analyzes the differences of factors considered by males and females in choosing overseas exchange programs, and displays the four-stage learning process of experiential learning in overseas exchange programs and identifies two themes of challenges (living challenges and learning challenges) and five themes of benefits (cognitive development, behavioural change, multiple skill development, social bonding development, academic competitiveness & employability enhancement) for experiential learning for students majoring in Hospitality and Tourism. The study enriches our understandings of the experiential learning cycle theory and provides insights to educators in the design of future overseas exchange programs.
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Brennan, Niamh M., Collette E. Kirwan, and John Redmond. "Accountability processes in boardrooms." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 135–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2013-1505.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of information and knowledge exchange and sharing between managers and non-executive directors is important in assessing the dynamic processes of accountability in boardrooms. By analysing information/knowledge at multiple levels, invoking the literature on implicit/tacit and explicit information/knowledge, the authors show that information asymmetry is a necessary condition for effective boards. The authors introduce a conceptual model of manager-non-executive director information asymmetry as an outcome of the interpretation of information/knowledge-sharing processes amongst board members. The model provides a more nuanced agenda of the management-board information asymmetry problem to enable a better understanding of the role of different types of information in practice. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis of information/knowledge exchange, sharing and creation and the resultant conceptual model are based on the following elements: manager-non-executive director information/knowledge, management-board information/knowledge and board dynamics and reciprocal processes converting implicit/tacit into explicit information/knowledge. Findings – The paper provides new insights into the dynamics of information/knowledge exchange, sharing and creation between managers and non-executive directors (individual level)/between management and boards (group level). The authors characterise this as a two-way process, back-and-forth between managers/executive directors and non-executive directors. The importance of relative/experienced “ignorance” of non-executive directors is revealed, which the authors term the “information asymmetry paradox”. Research limitations/implications – The authors set out key opportunities for developing a research agenda from the model based on prior research of knowledge conversion processes and how these may be applied in a boardroom setting. Practical implications – The model may assist directors in better understanding their roles and the division of labour between managers and non-executive directors from an information/knowledge perspective. Originality/value – The authors apply Ikujiro Nonaka’s knowledge conversion framework to consider the transitioning from individual implicit personal to explicit shared information/knowledge, to understand the subtle processes at play in boardrooms influencing information/knowledge exchange, sharing and creation between managers and non-executive directors.
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Dal Zotto, Pierre, Sylvain Colombero, Federico Pigni, and Meyer Haggège. "Customers becoming creators: how firms leverage technology and consumers for new value." Journal of Business Strategy 39, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-06-2017-0087.
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Purpose The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has facilitated consumers’ involvement in firms’ value creation processes through increasingly near real-time information exchanges. This strategic opportunity configures new forms of ICT-enabled collaboration between firms and consumers. Firms can now immediately react to consumers’ requests/complaints, having gained real-time visibility of consumers’ actions and behaviors. Despite the increasing deployment of ICT-enabled value co-creation projects, managers still poorly apprehend them as high-potential strategic initiatives. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates this gap through a multiple qualitative case study based on 17 organizations that successfully implement ICT-based value co-creation initiatives, including Lego, Netflix and Blablacar. Findings This study identifies two dimensions of the ICTs’ value co-creation process, namely, the firms’ involvement and customers’ role, in this co-creation process. Through these dimensions, four ICT-based co-creation initiatives are observed and defined: community, customers’ contributions create the firms’ value proposition (FVP); customization, customers’ service consumption personalize FVP; reputation, customers’ contributions about the offered services completes the FVP; and sense, an algorithmic approach, designed to focus on learning from customers’ consumption tailors FVP. Originality/value This study advances a framework supporting managerial decision-making concerning the aptitude of co-creation initiatives to meet organizational goals. Managers may gain insight from its use especially in assessing emerging opportunities to engage consumers in the value creation process.
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Kansal, Sahil, Harish Kumar, and Sakshi Kaushal. "A request allocation model for processing data in federated cloud computing." Electronic Library 38, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 745–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2019-0005.
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Purpose As the storage and processing requirement of digital information is increasing on the cloud, it is very difficult for the single cloud provider (CP) to meet the resource requirement. Multiple providers form a federation for the execution of users’ requests. For the federated cloud, this paper aims to address the issue distribution of users’ request for resources and revenue among the providers by offering fair and stable distribution models for the federated cloud. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses cooperative game (CG)-theoretical models, i.e. Shapley–Shubik power index (SSPI) and Banzhaf power index (BPI) for distribution. Performance is analysed using variance and monotonicity using a case study. Findings Numerical analysis is done using two scenarios. Monotonicity is evaluated. Results show that SSPI performs better as compared to BPI in terms of fairness accuracy and the framework provide the fair distribution of revenue among providers in the federated cloud. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework works efficiently under the specific defined conditions. Social implications Paper provides the fair distribution. It assist the centralised cloud exchange in managing the users’ request in such a way every CPs, in the federated cloud will get an equal chance of serving the users’ request. The framework also provides the stable federation. Proposed work provides less rejection rate of users’ request. Finally, it assists the providers in increasing their profits in the federation. Originality/value This paper presents a CG theoretic-based framework for the distribution of resources required and revenue. The framework analysed the performance of distribution models by considering the variance and monotonicity for multiple users’ requests.
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Zhang, Le, Mohamed Khalgui, and Zhiwu Li. "Predictive Intelligent Transportation: Alleviating Traffic Congestion in the Internet of Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217330.
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Due to the limitations of data transfer technologies, existing studies on urban traffic control mainly focused on isolated dimension control such as traffic signal control or vehicle route guidance to alleviate traffic congestion. However, in real traffic, the distribution of traffic flow is the result of multiple dimensions whose future state is influenced by each dimension’s decisions. Presently, the development of the Internet of Vehicles enables an integrated intelligent transportation system. This paper proposes an integrated intelligent transportation model that can optimize predictive traffic signal control and predictive vehicle route guidance simultaneously to alleviate traffic congestion based on their feedback regulation relationship. The challenges of this model lie in that the formulation of the nonlinear feedback relationship between various dimensions is hard to describe and the design of a corresponding solving algorithm that can obtain Pareto optimality for multi-dimension control is complex. In the integrated model, we introduce two medium variables—predictive traffic flow and the predictive waiting time—to two-way link the traffic signal control and vehicle route guidance. Inspired by game theory, an asymmetric information exchange framework-based updating distributed algorithm is designed to solve the integrated model. Finally, an experimental study in two typical traffic scenarios shows that more than 73.33% of the considered cases adopting the integrated model achieve Pareto optimality.
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Kim, Youngki, Hanra Lee, Mutahar Safdar, Tahir Abbas Jauhar, and Soonhung Han. "Exchange of parametric assembly models based on neutral assembly constraints." Concurrent Engineering 27, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x19869047.
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It is difficult to exchange parametric assembly models using conventional neutral formats such as the standard for the exchange of product model data or the initial graphics exchange specification. These formats only support the boundary representation information that leads to the inability to perform parametric re-evaluation, once a model is exchanged. In order to exchange parametric information along with the design intent, a design history-based macro-parametric approach was proposed. Our method is macro-parametrics approach, however, supported only the exchange of individual part models. As most of the products are manufactured in assemblies, where several components are connected with multiple constraints, it is necessary to exchange the assembly model data. To overcome the issue of post-exchange editability, a collection of neutral assembly commands was introduced to extend the capabilities of the macro-parametric approach. A set of neutral assembly constraints was defined and a system for exchanging the parametric assembly models was implemented. An assembly model consisting of coaxial and incidence constraints was successfully exchanged between two commercial computer-aided design systems: CATIA and NX. It was possible to re-evaluate the assembly model parametrically after the exchange. The method can be further extended to exchange the remaining constraint types in different commercial computer-aided design systems.
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Panibratov, Andrei. "Cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 7 (November 13, 2017): 1109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors that influence the integration process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs). The research questions are: how national and organizational culture coupled with other organizational characteristics influence M&A deals of EMNEs? Which factors influence the process of cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals, initiated by EMNEs? What is the effect and consequences that different integration factors have on cross-border M&A deals by EMNEs? Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a multiple case study research, considering cross-border deals of Chinese and Russian firms separately. Each block consists of two cases, describing M&A integration of companies operating in two sectors: high technology and finance. The authors obtained the data for case studies from companies’ official websites, annual reports, press releases, other official documents where companies were mentioned, business-media sources (newspapers and magazines), published interviews, documented speeches, letters, laws, as well as through blogs and social networks. The authors have also used the published information from articles, books, databases, and previously conducted case studies. Findings The authors have identified the factors influencing deals’ results of Chinese and Russian MNEs, with explanation based on case studies’ analysis. The full list of factors is presented in Table IV in the manuscript. The authors have also identified the set of elements that were derived from the case studies’ analysis only, without having any strong support in the literature, such as changes at a senior management level, educational and business exchanges, CSR policy, and the government involvement. Originality/value The authors have identified the key factors that influence integration of emerging market firms in cross-border M&A deal. The list of factors was adjusted and actualized in accordance with the results of four cases of cross-border M&A deals of Chinese or Russian companies. As a result, the authors founded the combination of characteristics of cultural and organizational integration process of firms from China and Russia.
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Dodevski, Zlate, Sonja Filiposka, Anastas Mishev, and Vladimir Trajkovik. "Real time availability and consistency of health-related information across multiple stakeholders: A blockchain based approach." Computer Science and Information Systems 18, no. 3 (2021): 927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis200426017d.
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Sensitivity of the health-related data and the focus on compliance and security has traditionally emphasized the need for centralized approach while implementing Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems. These one-institutional architectural designs are leading to fragmented and scattered pieces of valuable data across various data warehouses and silos. Interoperability challenges arise due to the absence of unified data management and exchange mechanisms making the social need for fundamental design changes bigger. The capability of a distributed ledger technology and blockchain to offer immutable, decentralized and cryptographically secured record of transactions throughout a peer-to-peer network can facilitate better collaboration and increased interoperability in the field of health and insurance information exchange processes. The paper examines different approaches and application of blockchain technology and identifies which implementations of components are more suitable and beneficial for the specific eco-system analyzed in the paper. This paper presents alternative way of dealing with information exchange across multiple stakeholders by justifying the use of decentralized approach, distributed access and solution how to comprehensively track and assemble health related data. We propose an architectural design and overview of a specific use case with focus on information exchange processes between health insurance providers and health care organizations, by using blockchain as an underlying technology. The architectural overview and data flows, backed up by sequence diagrams from specific use cases offered in this paper, can serve as a guide to the blockchain technology adoption and initial setup.
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YEN, GARY G., and MOAYED DANESHYARI. "DIVERSITY-BASED INFORMATION EXCHANGE AMONG MULTIPLE SWARMS IN PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 07, no. 01 (March 2008): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026808002144.
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This paper proposes a method to exchange information among multiple swarms in particle swarm optimization (PSO) to facilitate evolutionary search. The algorithm is developed to solve problems having landscapes with a large number of local optima. Each swarm maintains two sets of particles; one set includes the particles to be shared with other swarms, while the other involves the particles to be replaced by individuals from other swarms. The proposed algorithm also provides a new design to search for neighboring swarms in order to share common interests among the swarm's neighborhood. The particle's movement is according to one variation of PSO with three basic terms, each one to lead the particles toward the best particle in the swarm, in the neighborhood, and in the whole population. Demonstrated through a suite of benchmark test functions, the proposed algorithm shows competitive performance with improved convergence speed.
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Chen, Xiao-min, Jun-xu Su, Qiu-ming Zhu, Xu-jun Hu, and Zhu Fang. "Linear Precoding Scheme Design for MIMO Two-Way Relay Systems with Imperfect Channel State Information." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5164681.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate a linear precoding scheme design for a multiple-input multiple-output two-way relay system with imperfect channel state information. The scheme design is simplified as an optimal problem with precoding matrix variables, which is deduced with the maximum power constraint at the relay station based on the minimum mean square error criterion. With channel feedback delay at both ends of the channel and the channel estimation errors being taken into account, we propose a matrix decomposition scheme and a joint iterative scheme to minimize the average sum mean square error. The matrix decomposition method is used to derive the closed form of the relay matrix, and the joint iterative algorithm is used to optimize the precoding matrix and the processing matrix. According to numerical simulation results, the matrix decomposition scheme reduces the system bit error rate (BER) effectively and the joint iterative scheme achieves the best performance of BER against existing methods.
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Yu, Ling, and Jian Ming Wang. "Design of Multiple Bus Configuration Monitoring System Based on OPC Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1651.
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This paper focused on the same bottom set of field devices, and designed two kinds of field-bus control system, one is PROFIBUS, and another is the Interbus. Applied the OPC technology to realize the information exchange between two bus systems, and applied the PC configuration software, to monitor equipments on the spot. The whole monitoring system included the monitoring program and OPC server program. The monitoring program is no longer included with the specific hardware communication part. The communication monitoring program and hardware are realized by OPC server software, when the system needs to be modified, only need to modify the OPC corresponding part. If the system needs to expand and communicate with the outside world, just need to expand the OPC. After many times field operation, proved the monitoring system of two OPC bus technologies was stable, reliable, and timely control reaction.
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Mbah, Melanie, Bettina Brohmann, and Silvia Schütte. "Transdisciplinary disposal governance – Learning and reflexion in and between organisations and through participation of the public." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-221-2021.
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Abstract. The site selection procedure is participatory and citizens are to be involved as “co-designers of the procedure” (§ 5 (1) 2 StandAG). This is an understanding of participation that goes beyond information and consultation. Although participation is differently defined in participation research, there is agreement that participation – especially in this context – goes beyond formal public participation, as is customary in approval procedures in the context of commenting procedures, and includes forms of informal public participation (cf. Mbah, 2017). Further innovative forms of public participation are needed in which concepts – for participation, for learning, for reversibility, etc. – can be (further) developed. Paragraph 5 (3) stipulates a further development of the participation procedure with the public. On the one hand, this provides framework conditions and, on the other hand, opens up a scope for design, which must be designed together with different groups of actors. This requirement was formulated both before and within the framework of the sub-areas conference (cf. Brohmann et al., 2021; Ewer and Thienel, 2019; Kuhbier, 2020; NBG, 2019, 2021). Therefore, we would like to address the following research questions: What does “learning” mean in the German Site Selection Act (StandAG 2017, § 1 (2)) and how can it be governed and implemented? Who learns and under which conditions? What are the requirements and possibilities of participation and what limitations can be derived in this context? Knowledge and information are the basis of all decision-making processes. Learning is part of a reflexive information exchange and essential for creating, transferring, and readjusting knowledge. In this respect, learning and reflexion means at least a two-way process, often multiple ways and loops. Therefore, we would like to focus on reflexive learning processes, so called double-loop learning processes (Argyris, 1977; Argyris and Schön, 1978) that consider that there should be responsive paths of knowledge transfer to generate learning through reflexion. Such reflexive learning processes may take part at different levels; individual, collective (groups, e.g. departments in an organisation), organisational, and between organisations and indirectly involved or responsible (individual and collective) actors must learn. The reflexive learning processes go beyond strategies and techniques to reach a certain goal but scrutinise certain attitudes and may lead to changes in normative values and belief systems. This is not or if at all, only to a certain extent an automatic process. Rather for systematic learning and reflexion spaces and formats are needed as well as different methods of knowledge and information transfer – mainly if it comes to the requirements of participative formats. These methods and formats as well as spaces need to be adjusted to context and time, which means that e.g. different actors need to be differently addressed and the back-bonding into the organisation and institutional routines must be considered. For this, contextual knowledge and collaboration is crucial. Participatory and transdisciplinary approaches are important key concepts which need to be filled in with actions to initiate and further develop learning processes – as understood and demanded by the StandAG and the selected literature. We give insights into findings based on literature reviews, jurisdictional analysis of the StandAG, several interviews with different actors of the procedure and with experts of different topics (regional planning, place attachment, psychology). In summary, we identified challenges for learning and give insights how to overcome or at least process them.
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Zanin, Christine. "Efficiency of Cartographic production for Decision-making." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-425-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The purpose of this communication is to analyze the link between cartographic production and decision-making in the field of spatial planning.</p><p>The mapping process, as a simple tool of the geographer and the production of neutral images of a territory, must be overcome. Cartography no longer aims to search for a (re)transcription, more or less objective, of reality, but constitutes at least an aid to spatial reflection, or even a central element for the construction of a territorial project. Any map, directly or indirectly, is a mental construction and a graphical expression. As an instrument for building or deconstructing knowledge and therefore power, Harley (1988) has long since shown that the cartographic image remains a multiple and evolving form of expression whose new faces allow new questions and new perspectives on the territory. Today, the abstraction of reality is no longer automatically that of the map or the political concept. The construction of an image via maps is no longer a portrait of a territory. The territory no longer precedes the map. It is now the map that precedes the territory; it is often the one that generates the territory. In this process, the design of the representation remains essential. The cartographer's eye, nourished by scientific innovation and artistic imagination, then has a real social utility, within an applied geography, an active and/or operational geography, to propose solutions not only for the representation of space but also for management and planning. All this is well known and disseminated. What remains to be done is the empirical and critical demonstration of the influence of cartographic design on a political and decision-making objective, and especially the way in which maps are chosen for a specific spatial action. The precarious balance resulting from the negotiations between political actors crystallizes into a cartographic production that is in turn banal or innovative, useful or useless for public action. Do political actors really use maps designed to support decision-making? And if so, which ones, and how?</p><p>Through questions of efficiency, aesthetics and practical and conceptual innovations, this research is looking for a way to move beyond the primitive stage of the "image maker" to rethink the link between the political decision-maker and the cartographer in the production of operational maps. This path is complex, but it must lead to evidence that is not as simple as one might think: the map is a powerful tool, constantly evolving, innovative but still misused and misunderstood. In this context, the objective is not to make the map a neutral object free of controversies but, on the contrary, one that effectively assumes the discourse of politics (the desired message is the one that is perceived) as well as one that shows the multiple facets of a reality to be shaped (the image produced helps to produce both reflection and discourse) and that allows discussion based on well-constructed images.</p><p>A first survey conducted on a panel of researchers and policy makers remained very illustrative of these questions. However, it has had the merit of establishing the first steps of further research to understand the mechanism at stake for an understanding and use of effective maps in the field of territorial policies. Thus, the objective of this survey is focused on the search for an effective and operational mapping for spatial planning action: finding operational solutions to deal with diversified and ever more abundant geographical information, relating to the questioning of territorial policies, addressing the process of exchanges between map designers and users, while working on its staging, understanding the mechanisms in place for understanding and using the maps produced in a decision-making framework. These questions are related to the desire to update the issues of perception and effectiveness of cartographic design for land use planning decisions.</p><p>The so-called "spatial planning" or "territorial decision-making aid" maps, which are increasingly present on the web, convey a vision of a territory built collectively by the various actors, but with an obvious normative priority. We get used to these representations without thinking that we could show others, perhaps more effective, more discordant, and more useful. Doing such an analysis helps to understand what is behind images and what needs to be changed to move towards greater visual effectiveness or political innovation. It is not a technical or software problem. For example, without textual explanations, European commission maps, like the ESPON ones, are not easy to understand and even less easy to implement in any territorial policy, so they require better contextualization and more appropriate legends. These maps are dominant and marginal; dominant because of the incredible fetishism surrounding these images, where often graphs or tables would be more useful and marginal because the resources allocated to it as a subject are derisory. The budget allocated to contracts focused on mapping achievements often weighs much less than that of many projects devoted to the production of composite indicators of poor interest. There is a profound error in the political effectiveness of spatial planning maps. We still need to demonstrate this.</p><p>In addition to this theoretical reflection, there is also the desire to address the process of exchanges between the designer and user of maps. It is in this context that the qualitative approach wishes to be developed. Indeed, engaging in a discussion with stakeholders in development policies as well as with designers and researchers around the issues of decision support mapping seems not only essential but indispensable when it comes to understanding the choices that are made. The first exploratory survey therefore needs to be refined and expanded. The new proposed survey aims to identify the place that the map occupies, compared to other tools, in a decision-making process relating to territorial action. We are also looking to understand at what stage(s) of the decision-making process and in what form(s) is the map used? Ultimately, the survey should help us to link the types of use of mapping to the profiles of territorial actors. The objective of this new survey would be to define (1) what is meant by territorial action and decision-making support in spatial planning when we are in an operational map production framework (see Fig. 1 a first result), (2) to understand how actors approach maps produced upstream to serve their actions, how they use and interpret them and finally, (3) what innovative maps should be produced for greater efficiency.</p><p>The proposed communication will report on the first results of this new survey of researchers and policy-makers.</p>
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Dixit, Shivani, Varun Shukla, and Manoj Kumar Shukla. "Progressive pattern orthogonal interleaver set for interleave division multiple access based, non orthogonal multiple access schemes: Beyond 5G perspective." Journal of Electrical Engineering 73, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0057.
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Abstract This communication suggests an orthogonal interleaver set for interleave division multiple access (IDMA) based non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes from beyond 5G viewpoint to support enormous increase in user count. The method generates an orthogonal interleaver set by providing two mother interleavers as seed to generate other users’ interleaving patterns progressively. The key feature of the proposed scheme is that it reduces implementation complexity and memory requirement at the base station, while implementing iterative multiuser detection (MUD), which most of the interlaever designs suggested in literature do not consider. It provides additional security to the user data due to progressively changing mother interleavers’ pattern along with the conventional purpose of providing unique identity for individual users in the system. The proposed orthogonal interleaver set is tested through simulations under multiple IDMA system configurations. It has been observed that it preserves the bit error rate (BER) performance of the IDMA scheme along with the optimal implementation complexity and minimal information exchange requirement between base station and mobile station to share the interleaver design.
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Liu, Jiang, Osmani, and Demian. "Building Information Management (BIM) and Blockchain (BC) for Sustainable Building Design Information Management Framework." Electronics 8, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070724.
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At present, sustainable design is experiencing energy consumption and cost-effectiveness challenges in the building industry. A recent body of literature argues that the development of emerging smart digital technologies, such as Building Information Management (BIM) and blockchain (BC), offer immediate benefits to the industry. However, the current application of BIM and BC in the sustainable design and construction process focuses on smart energy and construction management, with little attention to addressing challenges for applying BIM to sustainable design and proposing strategies in terms of the usability of these technologies in the management of building construction projects. Therefore, this paper sets out to explore the potential roles of an integrated BIM and BC approach for sustainable building design information management. The first attempt is presented to use BC aided BIM for sustainable building design coordination and collaboration in multiple building stages. BC has the potential to address challenges that hinder the industry from using BIM for sustainable design, which has been unearthed. An innovative BC enhanced transaction process in BIM is required for sustainable building development. Roles of a user level driven smart contract system of BC can be used to enhance BIM system in the sustainable buildings process. The role of BC is primarily at user level driven smart contracts and their record value exchange capabilities. A user level (BIM stakeholders) driven BC technology for transaction in BIM process flow is revealed, and the user level (sustainable building design project stakeholders/BIM clients) driven and the smart contract enabled BIM+ BC architecture to address challenges of BIM for sustainable design has been further circulated according to the literature. Subsequently, a conceptual architecture of BIM + BC for Sustainable Building Design Information Management Framework in building project management has been proposed, validated, and refined. The Framework has two level encompassing structures and flow. The high-level framework is focused on strategy, whilst the low-level framework demonstrates technical components in detail. This architecture supporting project stakeholders in managing information, has the potential to achieve and ensure the realization of sustainable design goals through the interactive realization of smart contracts integrated into the user level driven BIM + BC system and its recording value exchange function through three user-driven levels, namely user, system, and transaction.
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He, Xiang-Dong, Sheng Liu, and Haruhiko H. Asada. "Modeling of Vapor Compression Cycles for Multivariable Feedback Control of HVAC Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801231.
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This paper presents a new lumped-parameter model for describing the dynamics of vapor compression cycles. In particular, the dynamics associated with the two heat exchangers, i.e., the evaporator and the condenser, are modeled based on a moving-interface approach by which the position of the two-phase/single-phase interface inside the one-dimensional heat exchanger can be properly predicted. This interface information has never been included in previous lumped-parameter models developed for control design purpose, although it is essential in predicting the refrigerant superheat or subcool value. This model relates critical performance outputs, such as evaporating pressure, condensing pressure, and the refrigerant superheat, to actuating inputs including compressor speed, fan speed, and expansion valve opening. The dominating dynamic characteristics of the cycle around an operating point is studied based on the linearized model. From the resultant transfer function matrix, an interaction measure based on the Relative Gain Array reveals strong cross-couplings between various input-output pairs, and therefore indicates the inadequacy of independent SISO control techniques. In view of regulating multiple performance outputs in modern heat pumps and air-conditioning systems, this model is highly useful for design of multivariable feedback control.
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Hoffmann, Christian Pieter, and Lea Aeschlimann. "Shielding or engaging: the use of online shareholder platforms in investor relations." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-05-2016-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze antecedents of listed corporations’ propensity to adopt online shareholder platforms. It differentiates two strategic investor relations (IR) frames, shielding and engaging, and explores their effect on ICT adoption. Design/methodology/approach Findings are based on a survey of 82 corporations listed on the Swiss, German and Austrian stock exchanges. The authors apply multiple linear regression analysis to test a multi-faceted adoption model. Findings The authors find that resource constraints, familiarity with online media and efficiency considerations drive listed corporations’ willingness to adopt online shareholder platforms. Beyond these operational antecedents, strategic considerations significantly affect adoption: IR functions geared toward shareholder engagement are more likely to apply interactive platforms, while IR departments geared toward shielding the corporation from shareholder interventions will be less attracted to the participatory affordances of online media. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in scope to corporations listed on the Swiss, German and Austrian stock exchanges and cannot account for antecedents distinct to other regulatory environments. Practical implications IR functions need to carefully develop and apply communication strategies, which in turn will inform ICT adoption. The authors find that IR departments geared toward a two-way symmetrical communication model are more attracted to the participatory affordances of online platforms. Thereby, they are more likely to innovate by employing current digital applications. Originality/value This study contributes to research on the benefits of digital media to two-way symmetrical and dialogic corporate communications. It is the first study to explore these relationships in the context of IR. It further contributes to research on the strategic role of IR by developing and applying two distinct strategic frames to the subject of ICT adoption in IR.
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Nadhif, Nadhif. "The Implementation of Arabic Vocabulary Learning Strategies Design Based on Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences /Penerapan Desain Strategi Pembelajaran Kosa-Kata Bahasa Arab Berbasis Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner." ATHLA : Journal of Arabic Teaching, Linguistic and Literature 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/athla.v2i2.3655.
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The students’ failure to catch learning information can be caused by some factors, such as the unsuitability between teacher’s teaching strategies and students’ learning strategies. This paper is motivated by some teachers who have difficulties in implementing multiple intelligences and their need for closeness to the design of multiple intelligence-based mufrodat learning strategies that facilitate students 'comprehension and strengthen students' memories as the main provision for mastering four Arabic language skills. Through qualitative literature research taken from books and previous research that had been analyzed using descriptive analysis, it is founded that the teachers’ difficulties in designing Multiple Intelligences-based learning strategies can be caused by two factors; the focus on determining activities based on one type of intelligence and one-way learning paradigm. The design of a multiple intelligence-based learning strategy contains three components; first, the design of learning activities that contains various types of intelligence, two, paradigms of two-way learning, and third, the existence of activities to facilitate students’ comprehension and strengthen students' mufrodat memory through the use of the highest learning modalities, linking material with life safety, packaging material with emotions and giving appreciation of student learning progress.
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Ciocoiu, Mihai, Dana S. Nau, and Michael Gruninger. "Ontologies for Integrating Engineering Applications." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2000): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1344878.
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In all types of communication, the ability to share information is often hindered because the meaning of information can be drastically affected by the context in which it is viewed and interpreted. This is especially true in manufacturing, because of the growing complexity of manufacturing information and the increasing need to exchange this information among various software applications. Different representations of the same information may be based on different assumptions about the world, and use differing concepts and terminology—and conversely, the same terms may be used in different contexts to mean different things. Often, the loosely defined natural-language definitions associated with the terms will be too ambiguous to make the differences evident, or will not provide enough information to resolve the differences. A solution to this problem is the use of taxonomies or ontologies of manufacturing concepts and terms, because ontologies provide a way to make explicit the semantics (i.e., the meaning) for the concepts used, rather than relying just on the syntax used to encode those concepts. Ontological techniques can be useful for giving unambiguous definitions of product and process capabilities and evolving designs and design requirements, unifying the differences in how knowledge is conceptualized across multiple product and process domains, and translating those definitions into the specialized representation languages of application systems. This paper gives an overview of current research and development on ontologies as it relates to mechanical engineering applications, along with examples of how ontologies can be used to facilitate the exchange of information among manufacturing applications.
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Joan-Arinyo, R., A. Soto-Riera, and S. Vila-Marta. "Constraint-Based Techniques to Support Collaborative Design." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 6, no. 2 (September 16, 2005): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2190236.
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We develop a framework to support collaborative constraint-based geometric design systems with multiple views for concurrent engineering. The framework is based on a conceptual architecture with a master view and several client views with a two-way flow of information between the master and client views. The tools in the framework are used to open a new application’s view and to maintain consistency when one of the applications changes its view by editing it and when either the master view or one of the other views must be updated. A simple case study illustrates how the tools in the framework work.
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Ong, Chui Zi, Rasidah Mohd-Rashid, and Kamarun Nisham Taufil-Mohd. "IPO valuation using the price-multiple methods: evidence from Malaysia." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 19, no. 4 (February 1, 2021): 540–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-05-2020-0128.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the valuation accuracy of Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs) by using price-multiple methods. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional data including 467 IPOs listed on the Malaysian stock exchange were used for the period of 2000–2017. This study used univariate ordinary least square (OLS) regression to analyse the relationship between IPOs’ price-multiples and comparable firms’ price-multiples. The test of valuation accuracy was conducted via computing valuation errors by segregating the sample into two groups: fixed-price IPOs and book-built IPOs. Furthermore, multiple OLS regression was used to examine the influence of IPO valuation on underpricing. Findings The findings of the results suggested that IPOs price-to-earnings (P/E), price-to-book (P/B) and price-to-sales (P/S) multiples were positively related to the median P/E, P/B and P/S multiples of five comparable firms matched by industry and revenues. The P/S multiple was shown to be the most significant valuation method, specifically in book-built IPOs. The findings indicated that those firms that had a lower valuation in comparison to the comparable firms were inclined to underprice their IPOs to allure investors to subscribe IPOs. In addition, book-built IPOs that had fair valuations were inclined to generate higher initial returns for investors. Practical implications The findings of this study observed implications for underwriters in avoiding the mis-valuation issue by considering the book-building mechanism. Originality/value This study attempted to explore the suitability of the valuation method to value IPOs in Malaysia.
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Dali, Keren, and Nadia Caidi. "A two-way street: building the recruitment narrative in LIS programs." New Library World 117, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 499–539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-03-2016-0020.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the attractiveness of Library and Information Science (LIS) careers to students and alumni and examine their decision-making process and perceptions of the field with an eye on discerning the best ways to build and develop the recruitment narrative. Design/methodology/approach The authors reached out to 57 LIS graduate programs in Canada and the USA accredited by the American Library Association through a Web-based survey; the questions presented a combination of multiple-choice, short-answer and open-ended questions and generated a wealth of quantitative and qualitative data. Findings The online survey has disclosed that students may not have an in-depth understanding of current trends, the diversity of LIS professions and the wider applications of their education. A significant disconnect exists in how the goals of LIS education are seen by certain groups of practitioners, students and faculty members. Originality/value Creating a program narrative for the purposes of recruitment and retention, departments should not only capitalize on the reach of the internet and the experiences of successful practitioners. They should also ensure that faculty know their students’ personal backgrounds, that students empathize with demands of contemporary academia and that a promotional message connects pragmatic educational goals to broader social applications. By exposing and embracing the complexity of LIS education and practice, the paper chooses a discursive path to start a conversation among major stakeholders.
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Eyaa, Sarah, Ramaswami Sridharan, and Suzanne Ryan. "Determinants of opportunism in Uganda’s manufacturing sector:a comparison of two sectors." Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 14, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 414–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-01-2020-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model investigating the impact of three constructs, environmental uncertainty, power asymmetry and information sharing on opportunism engagement in exchange relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from procurement or sales managers of 99 manufacturing firms in Kampala, Uganda’s capital using a cross-sectional survey. Hypotheses were tested in both the agricultural and non-agricultural manufacturing sectors using multiple regression runs in the SPSS software. Findings Environmental uncertainty increases opportunism in the agricultural sector whilst power asymmetry increases opportunism in the non-agricultural sector. Across both sectors, information sharing does not have a significant impact on opportunism. Originality/value This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of opportunism in a developing country context by highlighting the contextual factors within the agricultural and non-agricultural manufacturing sectors that influence opportunism engagement under conditions of environmental uncertainty, power asymmetry and information sharing. This paper presents implications for practice and policy to minimise opportunism with the goal of enhancing the participation of Ugandan manufacturing firms in global supply chains.
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Pereira, Felisberto, Ricardo Correia, Pedro Pinho, Sérgio I. Lopes, and Nuno Borges Carvalho. "Challenges in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Energy and Communication as Critical Success Factors for Future IoT Deployment." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 6420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226420.
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Internet of Things (IoT) has been developing to become a free exchange of useful information between multiple real-world devices. Already spread all over the world in the most varied forms and applications, IoT devices need to overcome a series of challenges to respond to the new requirements and demands. The main focus of this manuscript is to establish good practices for the design of IoT devices (i.e., smart devices) with a focus on two main design challenges: power and connectivity. It groups IoT devices in passive, semi-passive, and active, giving details on multiple research topics. Backscatter communication, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Energy Harvesting (EH), chipless devices, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT), and Wake-Up Radio (WUR) are some examples of the technologies that will be explored in this work.
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Du, Jin. "Real-Time Information Exchange Strategy for Large Data Volumes Based on IoT." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (April 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2882643.
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In this paper, we study and analyse the real-time information exchange strategy of big data in the Internet of Things (IoT) and propose a primitive sensory data storage method (TSBPS) based on spatial-temporal chunking preprocessing, which substantially improves the speed of near real-time storage and writing of microsensory data through spatial-temporal prechunking, data compression, cache batch writing, and other techniques. The model is based on the idea of partitioning, which divides the storage and query of perceptual data into the microperceptual data layer and the perceptual data layer. The microaware data layer mainly studies the storage optimization and query optimization of raw sensory data and cleaned valid data; the aware data is the aggregation and statistics of microaware data, and the aware data layer mainly studies the storage optimization and query optimization of aware data. By arranging multiple wireless sensors at key monitoring points to collect corresponding data, building the core data service backend of the system, defining multifunctional servers, and constructing an optimal database model, we effectively solve the parameter collection and classification aggregation processing of different devices. To address the requirement of reliable and secure transmission in the process, we design a highly concurrent and high-performance TCP-based socket two-layer transmission framework and introduce the asymmetric encryption method (RSA) and data integrity verification method to design a transmission protocol that is both reliable and secure. The integration of big data and IoT is bound to bring the intelligence of human society to a new level with unlimited development prospects.
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Krüger, Jule M., and Daniel Bodemer. "Application and Investigation of Multimedia Design Principles in Augmented Reality Learning Environments." Information 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13020074.
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Digital media have changed the way educational instructions are designed. Learning environments addressing different presentation modes, sensory modalities and realities have evolved, with augmented reality (AR) as one of the latest developments in which multiple aspects of all three dimensions can be united. Multimedia learning principles can generally be applied to AR scenarios that combine physical environments and virtual elements, but their AR-specific effectiveness is unclear so far. In the current paper, we describe two studies examining AR-specific occurrences of two basic multimedia learning principles: (1) the spatial contiguity principle with visual learning material, leveraging AR-specific spatiality potentials, and (2) the coherence principle with audiovisual learning material, leveraging AR-specific contextuality potentials. Both studies use video-based implementations of AR experiences combining textual and pictorial representation modes as well as virtual and physical visuals. We examine the effects of integrated and separated visual presentations of virtual and physical elements (study one, N = 80) in addition to the effects of the omission of or the addition of matching or non-matching sounds (study two, N = 130) on cognitive load, task load and knowledge. We find only few significant effects and interesting descriptive results. We discuss the results and the implementations based on theory and make suggestions for future research.
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Lehue, Marine, Claire Detrain, and Bertrand Collignon. "Nest Entrances, Spatial Fidelity, and Foraging Patterns in the Red Ant Myrmica rubra: A Field and Theoretical Study." Insects 11, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050317.
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The nest architecture of social insects deeply impacts the spatial distribution of nestmates their interactions, information exchanges and collective responses. In particular, the number of nest entrances can influence the interactions taking place beyond the nest boundaries and the emergence of collective structures like foraging trails. Here, we investigated in the field how the number of nest entrances impacted the foraging dynamics of Myrmica rubra ant colonies. We located the nest entrances where recruitment occurred towards sugar feeders placed in their surroundings. The nests showed one or multiple entrance(s) aggregated in clusters spaced by at least 15 cm. Foragers from colonies with two clusters of entrances were distributed more homogeneously among the feeders than those of colonies with one cluster. In addition, foragers always returned to the first discovered feeder and demonstrated a high fidelity to their original entrance. Finally, a multi-agent model highlighted that additional entrances and clusters of entrances delayed the mobilisation of workers but favoured the simultaneous exploitation of several sources, which was further enhanced by the spatial fidelity of foragers. Multiple nest entrances seem to be a way for medium-sized colonies to benefit from advantages conferred by polydomy while avoiding associated costs to maintain social cohesion.
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Coruh, Uğur, and Oğuz Bayat. "Hybrid Secure Authentication and Key Exchange Scheme for M2M Home Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6563089.
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In this paper, we analyzed Sun et al.’s scheme which proposes an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) secure communication scheme by using existing TD SCMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) networks. They offer a password-based authentication and key establishment protocol for mutual authentication. Moreover, their proposed secure channel establishment protocol uses symmetric cryptography and one-way hash algorithms and they considered using their protected channel model for mobile users and smart home networks. In this paper, we propose to complete the missing part of Sun et al.’s scheme. This can occur by addressing privacy-preserving and message modification protection. Moreover, improvements can be made to MITM (Man-In-The-Middle) attack resistance, anomaly detection and DoS (Denial-of-Service) attacks with timing. ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman) cryptography based protected cipher-key exchange operation used on initial setup and key-injection operations to provide secure user registration, user password change and home gateway network join phases. We simulated both the proposed and Sun et al.’s schemes. We analyzed Sun et al.’s scheme for performance, network congestion and resource usage. Missing privacy-preserving was analyzed and compared with the GLARM scheme, and the storage cost of each phase was analyzed according to Ferrag et al.’s survey proposal. In Sun et al.’s scheme, future work for the security architecture of the home network is related to Li et al.’s protocol being implemented in our proposed design.
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Zhuang, Yan, Yin-Wu Chen, Zon-Yin Shae, and Chi-Ren Shyu. "Generalizable Layered Blockchain Architecture for Health Care Applications: Development, Case Studies, and Evaluation." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 27, 2020): e19029. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19029.
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Background Data coordination across multiple health care facilities has become increasingly important for many emerging health care applications. Distrust has been recognized as a key barrier to the success of such applications. Leveraging blockchain technology could provide potential solutions tobuild trust between data providers and receivers by taking advantage of blockchain properties such as security, immutability, anonymity, decentralization, and smart contracts. Many health technologies have empirically proven that blockchain designs fit well with the needs of health care applications with certain degrees of success. However, there is a lack of robust architecture to provide a practical framework for developers to implement applications and test the performance of stability, efficiency, and scalability using standard blockchain designs. A generalized blockchain model is needed for the health care community to adopt blockchain technology and develop applications in a timely fashion. Objective This study aimed at building a generalized blockchain architecture that provides data coordination functions, including data requests, permission granting, data exchange, and usage tracking, for a wide spectrum of health care application developments. Methods An augmented, 3-layered blockchain architecture was built on a private blockchain network. The 3 layers, from bottom to top, are as follows: (1) incorporation of fundamental blockchain settings and smart contract design for data collection; (2) interactions between the blockchain and health care application development environment using Node.js and web3.js; and (3) a flexible development platform that supports web technologies such as HTML, https, and various programing languages. Two example applications, health information exchange (HIE) and clinical trial recruitment, were developed in our design to demonstrate the feasibility of the layered architecture. Case studies were conducted to test the performance in terms of stability, efficiency, and scalability of the blockchain system. Results A total of 331,142 simulated HIE requests from accounts of 40,000 patients were successfully validated through this layered blockchain architecture with an average exchange time of 11.271 (SD 2.208) seconds. We also simulated a clinical trial recruitment scenario with the same set of patients and various recruitment criteria to match potential subjects using the same architecture. Potential subjects successfully received the clinical trial recruitment information and granted permission to the trial sponsors to access their health records with an average time of 3.07 seconds. Conclusions This study proposes a generalized layered blockchain architecture that offers health technology community blockchain features for application development without requiring developers to have extensive experience with blockchain technology. The case studies tested the performance of our design and empirically proved the feasibility of the architecture in 2 relevant health application domains.
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Chen, Zhe, Zhao Pan, Qing Ma, Tingting Hou, and Peng Zhao. "An MAGDM method for design concept evaluation based on incomplete information." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0277964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277964.
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Design concept evaluation is a huge challenge in the R&D stage of new product development. The information in the assessments often depends on the decision-makers’ individual preferences. However, sometimes the decision-makers cannot give precise and complete information because it is very difficult for them to be familiar with all the criteria. In this situation, an incomplete information decision-making matrix is established. In this paper, decision-making methods based on incomplete information are compared in the literature review. Incomplete information determination method using trust mechanism is proved as a proper way to solve this problem, and the missing information are computed based on the alternatives However, in design concept evaluation, experts commonly provide their preferences using linguistic words according to the different attributes. Hence, we propose a three-step Multiple Attributes Group Decision-making (MAGDM) method where the missing value are determined by attributes. In step one, a data repairing method is proposed based on trust theory. After that, in step two, a comprehensive weight determination method combining AHP and entropy is proposed to obtain the weight of index attributes. Finally, the Rough-TOPSIS method is applied in the design scheme ranking step. In the case study, the proposed method is implemented in a tourism product design process to show its effectiveness.
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Li, Fang. "Design of an Interactive Two-Way Telemedicine Service System for Smart Home Care for the Elderly." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6632865.
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In this paper, we deeply analyse and study the interactive telemedicine service system for elderly care in smart homes and design a data summarization method for large concurrent scenarios. The method first parses and reconstructs the data received by the system initially and then stores the reconstructed valid data into the local database, which realizes the fast data summarization under the heavy concurrency scenario. Secondly, a multiformat data adaptation method is designed for the problem that the data to be provided and processed are in various formats. The method uses a unified data format and adaptation process constraints to achieve centralized management of heterogeneous data from multiple sources, which provide a unified data support service for the system and upper-layer applications. Again, to deal with the application problem of highly correlated data, the data-sharing system provides data for each functional component of the telemedicine platform according to business requirements based on standardized data structure and unified storage management. This enables the barrier-free flow of multisource highly correlated data. When the consultation is in progress, the doctor can communicate with the patient with video and audio devices and, at the same time, can access the patient’s historical medical records and the medical records uploaded by the patient; after the consultation is completed, the consultation doctor needs to fill in the consultation record. The consultation assistance module can statistically analyse the workload of doctors and other information according to the background data, and the telemedicine system will play an increasingly important role in the medical and health care business.
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Candogan, Ozan, and Philipp Strack. "Optimal disclosure of information to privately informed agents." Theoretical Economics 18, no. 3 (2023): 1225–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te5173.
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We study information design with multiple privately informed agents who interact in a game. Each agent's utility is linear in a real‐valued state. We show that there always exists an optimal mechanism that is laminar partitional and bound its “complexity.” For each type profile, such a mechanism partitions the state space and recommends the same action profile within a partition element. Furthermore, the convex hulls of any two partition elements are such that either one contains the other or they have an empty intersection. We highlight the value of screening: the ratio of the optimal and the best payoff without screening can be equal to the number of types. Along the way, we shed light on the solutions to optimization problems over distributions subject to a mean‐preserving contraction constraint and additional side‐constraints, which might be of independent interest.
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Li, Tao, Mi Luo, and David Ng. "Earnings management and listing regulations in China." China Finance Review International 4, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-02-2014-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to document earnings management of Chinese firms. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes advantage of the introduction of stringent delisting requirements around 2000 that non-cross-listed firms with consecutive earnings losses for more than two years would be delisted from the mainland Chinese exchanges. The paper examines whether listed firms in Chinese market manage earnings to avoid listings. The paper also examines whether mainland Chinese firms cross-listed in Hong Kong exchanges manage earnings the same way. The measure for earnings management is derived from a kernel density estimate for the return on equity distribution, following Bollen and Pool (2009). Findings – The paper finds that the new delisting threats induce rampant earnings management on mainland markets, and cross-listing in Hong Kong has a curbing effect on earnings management. The paper also finds that prices became less value relevant after the implementation of delisting regulations, and investors rationally discounted the reliability of earnings announcements in China. Such market responses were absent for cross-listed firms in Hong Kong. Originality/value – There is little conclusive evidence about whether cross-listing in a non-US market has a curbing effect on earnings management. The paper contributes to this literature by using this unique exogenous policy change in China and following a difference-in-difference approach in identifying the potential curbing effect. The particular measure adapted from Bollen and Pool (2009) utilizes information of the whole distribution of return on equity, thus extends earlier crude comparison of nearest two bars around zero and partially deals with the potential endogeneity problem.
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Winckler, Marco, Philippe Palanque, Jean Luc Hak, Eric Barboni, Olivier Nicolas, and Laurent Goncalves. "Engineering Annotations: A Generic Framework for Gluing Design Artefacts of Interactive Systems." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, EICS (June 14, 2022): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3535063.
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Along the design process of interactive system multiple intermediate artefacts (such as user interface prototypes, task models, dialog models?) are created, tested, revised, and improved until the development team produces a full-fledged system. However, relevant information for describing the design solution and/or supporting design decisions (such as rational about the design, decisions made, recommendations, etc.) are not explicitly captured in the models/artefacts, hence the need for annotations. Many approaches argue against information duplication to increase maintainability of the artefacts. Nonetheless, annotations created on one artefact are usually relevant to other artefacts/models. So that, there is a need for tools and techniques to coordinate annotations across artefacts/models which is the contribution of the present work. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that was conceived to handle annotations in a systematic way along the development process of interactive systems. As part of the solution, we propose an annotation model built upon the W3C's Web Annotation Data Model. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by means of a tool suite featuring a plugin, which has been deployed and tested over the multi-artefacts. The overall approach is illustrated on the design of an interactive cockpit application performing two design iterations. The contribution brings two main benefits for interactive systems engineering: i) it presents a generic pattern for integrating information in multiple usually heterogenous artefacts throughout the design process of interactive systems; and ii) it highlights the need for tools helping to rationalize and to document the various artefacts and the related decisions made during interactive systems design.
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Worsley, Marcelo. "Exploring ideation strategies as an opportunity to support and evaluate making." Information and Learning Sciences 12, no. 3/4 (May 15, 2021): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-08-2020-0194.
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Purpose This paper aims to compare two types of prompts, encouraging participants to think about real-world examples or engineering principles to show how these two approaches can result in vastly different design practices. Design/methodology/approach Two studies (N = 20, N = 40) examine the impact of two different prompts. Non-expert students, from high school and university, completed a hands-on, engineering design task in pairs. Half were prompted to ideate using real-world examples, while the other half were prompted to ideate using engineering principles. The findings are based on human coding and artifact analyses. Findings In both studies, and across multiple measures, students in the principle-based condition performed better than students in the example-based condition. Research limitations/implications A seemingly small difference in how students are prompted or encouraged to approach a problem can have a significant impact on their experience. The findings also suggest that leveraging engineering principles, even when those principles are only loosely formed, can be effective even for non-experts. Finally, the findings motivate identifying student reasoning strategies over time as a potential means for assessment in Makerspaces. Practical implications Encouraging makers to think about different ways for approaching problems can be an important way to help them succeed. It may also be a useful way to chronicle their learning pathway. Originality/value To the author's knowledge, explicitly looking at ideation strategies has not been widely discussed within the Maker community as a way to support learners, or as a way to evaluate learning.
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Kvederytė, Artūras. "MULTIPLE CRITERIA MULTIVARIANT DESIGN OF A BUILDING LIFE CYCLE/PASTATO GYVAVIMO PROCESO DAUGIAKRITERINIS ALTERNATYVUSIS PROJEKTAVIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2000): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2000.10531576.
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A lot of data had to be processed and evaluated when carrying out multivariant design of a building life cycle. The number of feasible alternatives can be as large as 100,000. Each of the alternatives may be described from various perspectives, eg by conceptual and quantitative information. The problem arises how to perform computer-aided design of the alternative variants based on this enormous amount of information. To solve this problem a new method of multiple criteria multivariant building life cycle design was developed. According to the above method multiple criteria multivariant design is carried out in 5 stages (Fig 1). In order to reduce the amount of information being used in computer-aided multivariant design the codes of the alternative solutions are used. In this case, any i solution of j alternative is given a ij code providing thorough quantitative (system of criteria, units of measure, significances, values, as well as a minimizing or maximizing criterion) and conceptual (text, drawings, graphics, video tapes) information about the alternative being considered (see Table 1). Thus, the use of codes of the alternative solutions in computer-aided multivariant design reduces the volume of information to be processed providing better insight into a physical meaning of computations. Codes, with conceptual and quantitative information provided, are used for describing all available alternative project solutions. The total number of these codes makes the table of codes of building life cycle alternatives more convenient for getting the alternative versions in a more simple way (see Table 1). As can be seen from Table 1, it contains c solutions of a building life cycle (plots, buildings, well-being, maintenance process, etc) of the n i alternative versions codes. Any i line of the code table represents the codes of A i solution a ijalternatives. If the information relating to the solutions in the code table of building life cycle alternatives is represented by codes, then the code contains quantitative and conceptual information (see Table 1). In this case, n i alternatives of any i solution are being considered in developing the alternative versions of a building life cycle. For example, if in determining possible building life cycle alternative versions 10 alternatives are considered for any of 10 solutions, then, according to equation 1 maximum ten billion such variants will be obtained. It is evident that in this and similar cases it is hardly possible and reasonable to analyse all the versions from various perspectives. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce their number as follows. If a project of c solutions having n i alternatives allows k combinations (equation 1) then, by using multiple criteria analysis methods, pmost efficient versions should be chosen from every solution for further consideration (see Table 2). In this way, inefficient variants are being removed. The best solution alternatives obtained are then grouped according to priority considerations. In Table 2 a il is a code of the best variant of i solution, while a ip is a code of its worst version. Then, project variants are being developed based on the efficient p alternatives of c solutions chosen. At the beginning, this process should involve the codes of the alternative solutions. The first building life cycle variant is obtained by analysing the best solution variants according to the priority order (see Table 2 and 3). The last variant is based on solution versions from the bottom of priority table, while intermediate variants are obtained with account of the versions found in the middle of this table. For example, the first building life cycle version is based on a 11 plot, a 21 building, a i1 well-being, a c1 maintenance, etc variants. The last building life cycle version takes into account a 1p plot, a 2p building, a ip well-being, a cp maintenance, etc variants. In this case, combinations are obtained by using p alternatives from any c solutions. While in Table 3 the development of building life cycle alternatives was based on codes of solution alternatives, Table 4 presents conceptual and quantitative information about the variants instead of the codes. When a particular building life cycle is being considered, the values relating to various solutions but based on the same criterion are recalculated into a single reduced value. After the reduction of the same criterion (eg cost, comfortability) values of various solutions (plot, building, well-being, maintenance) to a single one it is necessary to appraise significances of these solutions. For example, noise level within and outside the building is not of the same significance to its inhabitants. The same applies to paying the money (it depends on whether—this should be done at the present moment or in some years). The above significances of the solutions are determined by using expert, financial analysis and other methods. The significances should be made compatible in two directions: horizontally (among criteria) and vertically (among solutions). In this way, Table 4 may be transformed into a summary decision making table (see Table 5) containing all building life cycle versions and overall related information. A new method of multiple criteria multivariant design of a building life cycle enabling the user to make computer-aided design of up to 100,000 alternative project versions was developed. Any building life cycle variant obtained in this way is based on quantitative and conceptual information.
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Thurston, D. L., and J. V. Carnahan. "Fuzzy Ratings and Utility Analysis in Preliminary Design Evaluation of Multiple Attributes." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2917056.
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A procedure for evaluation of multiple attributes in the preliminary design stage is necessary to the development of a more formal theory and methodology of design. In this paper we prescribe, demonstrate, and compare two such techniques: fuzzy set analysis and multiattribute utility analysis. We analyze the problem of preliminary material selection for an automotive bumper beam to illustrate the application of both analytical procedures. Preliminary assessment of incommensurate performance measures of weight, cost, shape restriction, stiffness, and corrosion are made for steel and polymer composite alternatives. Fuzzy analysis readily accommodates design evaluation based on semantic assessment of relative attribute levels, although it can also employ information which is entirely numerical. In contrast, utility analysis requires considerable numerical quantification. For the example studied, the ordinal ranking of alternatives was the same for both methods. Recommendations include using fuzzy analysis in the earliest stages of preliminary design evaluation or in situations limited to semantic input from design decision makers. Utility analysis may be used in later stages of preliminary design, where numerical quantification of attribute levels is possible and when decision makers are able to assess the individual attribute utility functions in the standard way. The results of utility analysis can be used to quantify acceptable design tradeoffs between attribute levels and can be used in later stages of the iterative design process.
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Pazuchanics, Skye Lee, and Douglas J. Gillan. "Displaying Depth in Computer Systems: Lessons from Two-Dimensional Works of Art." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 17 (September 2005): 1583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901718.
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Virtual depth displays depend on static, monocular cues. Models of integrating monocular cues may be continuous (additive) or discontinuous. Previous research using simple displays and a small number of cues supported continuous cue integration. The present research is designed to expand the understanding of how the visual system integrates information from multiple pictorial cues by investigating combinations of one to ten pictorial cues in visually-rich, two-dimensional displays (paintings and photographs). Participants estimated depth in target paintings and photographs relative to a standard two dimensional display. Certain results suggest that the visual system integrates cues in a largely additive way, but after a number of cues are present there may be an additional boost in perceived depth resulting in a best-fittingdiscontinuous model of cue combination. However, this discontinuous effect may be due to designdecisions made by the painters rather than exclusively to the perceptual processes of the viewers. Analyses of these design decisions provide lessons for the design of two-dimensional displays.
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Baran, Wiesław, and Bartosz Żymańczyk. "Structural Engineering by way of BIM." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817404011.
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BIM idea is increasing the productivity of work. Multidimensional solutions implemented in BIM systems not only allow many structural calculations, but also access the better scheduling, cost estimating, visualizations. In some cases both software and hardware can be a bottleneck. To create an interaction between BIM philosophy and practice of the structural design the experimental research has tested eight structural systems of the high-rise building by way of Building Information Modelling. Multiple variants of the two main bracing system types: (i) a spatial truss and (ii) a spatial shell bracing system. In every model there was checked influence of slab model: with slabs meeting the conditions of a rigid plate (flexible diaphragm slab) and with slabs with no additional stiffening (shell slab). The ULS and SLS requirements were analysed for elements and superstructure. In addition, selected issues concerning scheduling of works (4D BIM) and cost estimating (5D BIM) were discussed with the extensive 3D model developed in line with the BIM standards. Rapid prototyping has enabled to realize the behaviour of structural systems. The outputs of this study are presented in the paper.
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Valverde, Sergi, and Ricard V. Solé. "Punctuated equilibrium in the large-scale evolution of programming languages." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 107 (June 2015): 20150249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0249.
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The analogies and differences between biological and cultural evolution have been explored by evolutionary biologists, historians, engineers and linguists alike. Two well-known domains of cultural change are language and technology. Both share some traits relating the evolution of species, but technological change is very difficult to study. A major challenge in our way towards a scientific theory of technological evolution is how to properly define evolutionary trees or clades and how to weight the role played by horizontal transfer of information. Here, we study the large-scale historical development of programming languages, which have deeply marked social and technological advances in the last half century. We analyse their historical connections using network theory and reconstructed phylogenetic networks. Using both data analysis and network modelling, it is shown that their evolution is highly uneven, marked by innovation events where new languages are created out of improved combinations of different structural components belonging to previous languages. These radiation events occur in a bursty pattern and are tied to novel technological and social niches. The method can be extrapolated to other systems and consistently captures the major classes of languages and the widespread horizontal design exchanges, revealing a punctuated evolutionary path.
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Lin, Li, and Lian Fei He. "A Multi-Agent Model for Supply Chain Based on Coordination Center." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2737.
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This paper analyzed the composition of the multiple agent system, and combine with the characteristics of simulation in multiple agent. This paper proposed a supply chain system structure based on the coordination center, to achieve communications between any two entities through the coordination center. This paper constructed the agent module chart of coordination center, suppliers, producers and distributors, and expounds the function and task flow of the coordination center, and design the mechanism for data transfer between modules, in order to realize the data exchange between different entities. In this model, the coordination center takes effective measures like effectively plan, coordination, dispatch and control for the logistics, cash flow and information flow of supply chain. So it has a good reference value for the practical application of supply chain model.
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Bergling, Barbro M. "Constructing Items Measuring Logical Operational Thinking: Facet Design-Based Item Construction Using Multiple Categories Scoring." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14, no. 2 (May 1998): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.14.2.172.
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The development and application of test items of logical operational thinking are described. Twelve classical Piagetian experiments were transformed into objective test items using Guttman's facet design. In the item construction the response options received such a theoretical underpinning and form that they were considered to represent in a prototypical way all three operational levels, allowing interpretation of hypothetical reasoning strategies behind the student's choice of alternative. The items in multiple-choice format were given to four samples of Swedish students as a national option of the Second IEA Science Study: 1322 students in Grade 3, 1423 in Grade 4, 784 in Grade 7, and 725 in Grade 8. Twenty-two items were administered, of which 5 were specific for Grades 3 and 4, and 5 specific for Grades 7 and 8. The Rasch partial credit model was applied in order to take into account the information in all response options. Fifteen items in Grades 3 and 4, and 18 items in Grades 7 and 8 showed acceptable fit to the measurement model. The overall mean-square fit statistics were in accordance with model expectations.