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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multiple Stratification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple Stratification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple Stratification"

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JOURDAIN, BENJAMIN, BERNARD LAPEYRE, and PIERGIACOMO SABINO. "CONVENIENT MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS OF STRATIFICATION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 14, no. 06 (September 2011): 867–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024911006772.

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This paper investigates the use of multiple directions of stratification as a variance reduction technique for Monte Carlo simulations of path-dependent options driven by Gaussian vectors. The precision of the method depends on the choice of the directions of stratification and the allocation rule within each strata. Several choices have been proposed but, even if they provide variance reduction, their implementation is computationally intensive and not applicable to realistic payoffs, in particular not to Asian options with barrier. Moreover, all these previously published methods employ orthogonal directions for multiple stratification. In this work we investigate the use of algorithms producing convenient directions, generally non-orthogonal, combining a lower computational cost with a comparable variance reduction. In addition, we study the accuracy of optimal allocation in terms of variance reduction compared to the Latin Hypercube Sampling. We consider the directions obtained by the Linear Transformation and the Principal Component Analysis. We introduce a new procedure based on the Linear Approximation of the explained variance of the payoff using the law of total variance. In addition, we exhibit a novel algorithm that permits to correctly generate normal vectors stratified along non-orthogonal directions. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency of these algorithms in the computation of the price of different path-dependent options with and without barriers in the Black-Scholes and in the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross markets.

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Ooi, Melissa Gaik-Ming, Sanjay de Mel, and Wee Joo Chng. "Risk Stratification in Multiple Myeloma." Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11899-016-0307-4.

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Skinner, C. J., D. J. Holmes, and D. Holt. "Multiple Frame Sampling for Multivariate Stratification." International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique 62, no. 3 (December 1994): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1403765.

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Chang, Kuang-Chao, Jeng-Fu Liu, and Chien-Pai Han. "Multiple inverse sampling in post-stratification." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 69, no. 2 (June 1998): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(97)00157-2.

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Gharbi, Alya, Saloua Mrabet, Amina Nasri, Firas Larnaout, Amina Gargouri, Amina Gargouri, Imen Kacem, and Riadh Gouider. "Prognostic Factors Stratification in Multiple Sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 37 (January 2020): 101534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.11.009.

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Ghaemsaidi, S. J., H. V. Dosser, L. Rainville, and T. Peacock. "The impact of multiple layering on internal wave transmission." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 789 (January 25, 2016): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.682.

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Given the ubiquity of layering in environmental stratifications, an interesting example being double-diffusive staircase structures in the Arctic Ocean, we present the results of a joint theoretical and laboratory experimental study investigating the impact of multiple layering on internal wave propagation. We first present results for a simplified model that demonstrates the non-trivial impact of multiple layering. Thereafter, utilizing a weakly viscous linear model that can handle arbitrary vertical stratifications, we perform a comparison of theory with experiments. We conclude by applying this model to a case study of a staircase stratification profile obtained from the Arctic Ocean, finding a rich landscape of transmission behaviour.

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Chang, Kuang-Chao, Chien-Pai Han, and Doyle L. Hawkins. "Truncated multiple inverse sampling in post-stratification." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 76, no. 1-2 (February 1999): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(98)00135-9.

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Ontaneda, Daniel, Samuel Cohn, and Robert J. Fox. "Risk stratification and mitigation in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 3, no. 5 (September 2014): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2014.05.003.

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Hussain, Mohsin, Asad Mahmood, Rafia Mahmood, Hamid Iqbal, Ayesha Khurshid, and Nabeela Khan. "Multiple Myeloma-Clinicopathological Features and Risk Stratification." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, SUPPL-2 (May 31, 2022): S95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72isuppl-2.3100.

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Objective: To evaluate the clinic pathological features and to risk stratify patients of multiple myeloma in our population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019. Methodology: Patients that were newly diagnosed multiple myeloma on the basis of International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) 2014 criteria were included in the study. Blood counts, peripheral film examination, bone marrow aspirate and trephine were examined. Biochemical profile, serum protein electrophoresis and skeletal survey was assessed. Results: A total of 65 newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma patients were included. Of these, 43 (66.2%) were males and 22 (33.8%) females. Mean age of the patients was 58.5 years with a range of 36-76 years. The most common presenting symptom was bone pain in 33 (50.8%) patients, followed by backache in 32 (49.2%) patients. Mean percentage of plasma cell on bone marrow examination was 40.89% ± 23.2. On risk stratification based on International staging system, 20 (30.7%) patients were in stage I, 19 (29.1%) patients were on stage II while 26 (40.2%) patients were in stage III. Conclusion: Bone pain and backache along with anemia were found the predominant complaints of patients presenting with multiple myeloma in our setup with male predominance. Risk stratification of multiple myeloma according to ISS revealed that stage III was the most predominant in our population.

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van de Donk, Niels W. C. J., and Pieter Sonneveld. "Diagnosis and Risk Stratification in Multiple Myeloma." Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 28, no. 5 (October 2014): 791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2014.06.007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple Stratification"

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Tae, Yun-Jin. "Leisure constraints multiple hileararchy [sic] stratification perspectives /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202500372.

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Ghazali, Syed Shakir Ali. "Multiple stratification when one of the stratifying variables is time." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316422.

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Agnelli, L. "IMPROVED RISK STRATIFICATION IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA USING A MICRORNA-BASED CLASSIFIER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232961.

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Introduction and purposes. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease. The discovery of a class of small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) has revealed a new level of biological complexity underlying the regulation of gene expression. It may be possible to use this interesting new biology to improve our ability to risk stratify patients in the clinic. Methods and experimental design. We performed global miRNA expression profiling analysis of 163 primary tumors included in the UK Myeloma IX clinical trial. miRNA expression profiling was carried out using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 2.0; expression values for 847 hsa-miRNAs were extracted using Affymetrix miRNA QC tool and RMA-normalized. There are also 153 matching samples with gene expression profiles (GEP) and 72 matching cases with genotyping data available for integrative analyses. GEP was generated on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 and the expression values were RMA normalized; genotyping was performed on Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 500K Array and the copy number values were obtained using GTYPE and dChip and were inferred against normal germ-line counterpart for each sample. Results. Firstly we have defined 8 miRNAs linked to 3 Translocation Cyclin D (TC) subtypes of MM with distinct prognoses, including miR-99b/let-7e/miR-125a upregulation and miR-150/miR-155/miR-34a upregulation in unfavourable 4p16 and MAF cases respectively as well as miR-1275 upregulation and miR-138 downregulation in favourable 11q13 cases. The expression levels of the miRNA cluster miR-99b/let-7e/miR-125a at 13q13 have been shown to be associated with shorter progression free survival in our dataset. Interestingly unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis using these 8 miRNAs identified two subclusters among 11q13 cases, which have differential effect on overall survival (OS). We then evaluated the association of miRNA expression with OS and identified 3 significantly associated miRNAs (miR-17, miR-18 and miR-886-5p) after multiple testing corrections, either per se or in concerted fashion. We went on to develop an “outcome classifier” based on the expression of two miRNAs (miR-17 and miR-886-5p), which is able to stratify patients into three risk groups (median OS 19.4 months vs 40.6 months vs 65.3 months, log-rank test P = 0.001). The robustness of the miRNA-based classifier has been validated using 1000 bootstrap replications with an estimated error rate of 1.6%. The miRNA-stratified risk groups are independent from main adverse fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) abnormalities (1q gain, 17p deletion and t(4;14)), International Staging System (ISS) and Myeloma IX treatment arm (intensive or non-intensive). Using the miRNA-based classifier in the context of ISS/FISH risk stratification showed that it can significantly improve the predictive power (likelihood-ratio test P = 0.0005) and this classifier is also independent from GEP-derived prognostic signatures including UAMS, IFM and Myeloma IX 6-gene signature (P < 0.002). Integrative analyses didn't show enough evidence that the miRNAs comprising the classifier were deregulated via copy number changes; however, our data supported that the mir-17~92 cluster was activated by Myc and E2F3, highlighting the potential importance of Myc/E2F/miR-17~92 negative feedback loop in myeloma pathogenesis. We developed an approach to identify the putative targets of the OS-associated miRNAs and show that they regulate a large number of genes involved in MM biology such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Conclusion. In this study we developed a simple miRNA-based classifier to stratify patients into three risk groups, which is independent from current prognostic approaches in MM such as ISS, FISH abnormalities and GEP-derived signatures. The miRNAs comprising the classifier are biologically relevant and have been shown to regulate a large number of genes involved in MM biology. This is the first report to show that miRNAs can be built into molecular diagnostic strategies for risk stratification in MM.

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Chan, Yan Seng Esther. "Private education in China : a multiple-case study of social stratification and social change." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608256.

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Dzikiti, Loveness Nyaradzo. "Comparing approaches for combining data collected from multiple complex surveys, adjusting for clustering and stratification." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73137.

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Even though there is substantial literature on studies which pool survey data, it is still not clear which are the most efficient methodologies for pooling data from different surveys. For example, it is important to know whether the surveys involved should be given equal importance in the calculation of the combined statistics or not. If they are not given equal importance, then it should be clear how they should be weighted and why. In this research project, alternative methods used to combine survey data were evaluated and new methods proposed. A literature review of methods that are currently being used in combining repeated and multiple surveys was presented. New methods were proposed or adapted from meta-analysis methodology to try and improve the calculation of weights and precision measures when multiple surveys are combined. Different variance estimators for the proposed point estimators were evaluated through simulation. Only the separate approach was considered in this study. Simple random samples and complex samples were drawn from simulated finite population data and used to evaluate current and proposed methods of combining surveys. Simple super-population models were used to simulate finite population data. The South African Community Survey of 2016 and the General Household Survey of 2016 were used to simulate finite populations which were then used for evaluating the different methods of combining simple random sampling and stratified surveys respectively. Our results suggest that the choice of weighting method when combining surveys should depend on the super-population model assumed to have generated the finite population. The sample size used appeared to influence the choice of the method used to combine surveys, but the variance of the super-population did not influence the choice. Under simple random sampling, the strength of the skewness and kurtosis also appeared to affect the performance of the weighting strategies. Weighting by the inverse of the sample size, the inverse of variance and the inverse of the coefficient of variation appeared to work for most super-population models. Combining samples appeared to yield better estimates with lower mean square errors compared to single sample estimates. The number of samples combined appeared not to influence the choice of weighting strategy although the mean square errors decreased with increased number of samples combined. Under simple random sampling, the meta-analysis variance estimator appeared to work the best with the inverse of variance weighting method as expected.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
The University of Pretoria Visiting Professor Programme The School of Health Systems and Public Health RESCOM
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
PhD (Public Health)
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Song, Brian. "Comprehensive Risk Stratification Model for Prognostication and Assisting with Therapeutic Decision-Making for Multiple Myeloma Patients." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839998.

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The goal of the research is to improve current risk stratification models of multiple myeloma by developing a novel statistical decision algorithm. The increase in precision would assist in providing optimal treatments for multiple myeloma cancer patients depending on the risk of progression at the time of diagnosis. If progression of cancer is imminent, then risk-adapted therapy would be a considerable option. Larger amount of data supplied from multiple clinics were gathered to obtain better prognosis. The data are available from the Synapse website under the Multiple Myeloma DREAM Challenge site. Although both genomic variation data and gene expression data were available, the study was done with the latter in conjunction with general patient data. Preliminary research has shown that the microarray data were not standardized among the different clinics, so the study required additional preprocessing before aggregating all data for comprehensive investigation. Accelerated Time Failure model is used to screen insignificant variables for easier processing, reducing 17,308 markers to 4,503. A combination of random forest models and likelihood ratio test is utilized to further reduce potentially significant biomarkers. The remaining biomarkers are used in multiple statistical models to determine the optimal model that best represents the data. The efficacy of the model is checked by using two clinics to train the model to predict the third clinic. The average and standard deviation of the resulting statistics are used to validate the consistency of the model for different clinics. We show that an improvement in current risk stratification models can be obtained.

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Bouaziz, Matthieu. "Statistical methods to account for different sources of bias in Genome-Wide association studies." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0023/document.

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Les études d'association à grande échelle sont devenus un outil très performant pour détecter les variants génétiques associés aux maladies. Ce manuscrit de doctorat s'intéresse à plusieurs des aspects clés des nouvelles problématiques informatiques et statistiques qui ont émergé grâce à de telles recherches. Les résultats des études d'association à grande échelle sont critiqués, en partie, à cause du biais induit par la stratification des populations. Nous proposons une étude de comparaison des stratégies qui existent pour prendre en compte ce problème. Leurs avantages et limites sont discutés en s'appuyant sur divers scénarios de structure des populations dans le but de proposer des conseils et indications pratiques. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l'interférence de la structure des populations dans la recherche génétique. Nous avons développé au cours de cette thèse un nouvel algorithme appelé SHIPS (Spectral Hierarchical clustering for the Inference of Population Structure). Cet algorithme a été appliqué à un ensemble de jeux de données simulés et réels, ainsi que de nombreux autres algorithmes utilisés en pratique à titre de comparaison. Enfin, la question du test multiple dans ces études d'association est abordée à plusieurs niveaux. Nous proposons une présentation générale des méthodes de tests multiples et discutons leur validité pour différents designs d'études. Nous nous concertons ensuite sur l'obtention de résultats interprétables aux niveaux de gènes, ce qui correspond à une problématique de tests multiples avec des tests dépendants. Nous discutons et analysons les différentes approches dédiées à cette fin
Genome-Wide association studies have become powerful tools to detect genetic variants associated with diseases. This PhD thesis focuses on several key aspects of the new computational and methodological problematics that have arisen with such research. The results of Genome-Wide association studies have been questioned, in part because of the bias induced by population stratification. Many stratégies are available to account for population stratification scenarios are highlighted in order to propose pratical guidelines to account for population stratification. We then focus on the inference of population structure that has many applications for genetic research. We have developed and present in this manuscript a new clustering algoritm called Spectral Hierarchical clustering for the Inference of Population Structure (SHIPS). This algorithm in the field to propose a comparison of their performances. Finally, the issue of multiple-testing in Genome-Wide association studies is discussed on several levels. We propose a review of the multiple-testing corrections and discuss their validity for different study settings. We then focus on deriving gene-wise interpretation of the findings that corresponds to multiple-stategy to obtain valid gene-disease association measures

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Playford, C. J. "The role of families in the stratification of attainment : parental occupations, parental education and family structure in the 1990s." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3600.

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The closing decades of the 20th century have witnessed a large increase in the numbers of young people remaining in education post-16 rather than entering the labour market. Concurrently, overall educational attainment in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) qualifications in England and Wales has steadily increased since their introduction in 1988. The 1990s represent a key period of change in these trends. Some sociologists argue that processes of detraditionalisation have occurred whereby previous indicators of social inequality, such as social class, are less relevant to the transitions of young people from school to work. Sociologists from other traditions argue that inequalities persist in the stratification of educational attainment by the family backgrounds of young people but that these factors have changed during this period. This thesis is an investigation of the influence of family background factors upon GCSE attainment during the 1990s. This includes extensive statistical analysis of measures of parental occupation, parental education and family structure with gender, ethnicity, school type and housing tenure type within the Youth Cohort Study of England and Wales. These analyses include over 100,000 respondents in 6 cohorts of school leavers with the harmonisation of data from cohort 6 (1992) to the Youth Cohort Time Series for England, Wales and Scotland 1984-2002 (Croxford, Ianelli and Shapira 2007). By adding the 1992 data to existing 1990s cohorts, the statistical models fitted apply to the complete set of 1990s cohorts and are therefore able to provide insight for the whole of this period. Strong differentials by parental occupation persist throughout the 1990s and do not diminish despite the overall context of rising attainment. This relationship remains net of the other factors listed, irrespective of the measure of parental occupation or the GCSE attainment outcome measure used. This builds upon and supports previous work conducted using the Youth Cohort Study and suggests that stratification in educational attainment remains a significant factor. Gender and ethnicity remain further sources of persistent stratification in GCSE attainment. Following a discussion of the weighting system and features of the Youth Cohort Study as a dataset, a thorough investigation of missing data is included, with the results of multiply imputed datasets used to examine the potential for missing data to bias estimates. This includes a critique of these approaches in the context of survey data analysis. The findings from this investigation suggest the importance of survey data collection methods, the limitations of post-survey bias correction methods and provide a thorough investigation of the data. The analysis then develops and expands previous work by investigating variation in GCSE attainment by subjects studied, through Latent Class Analysis of YCS cohort 6 (1992). Of the four groups identified in the model, a clear division is noted between those middle-attaining groups with respect to attainment in Science and Mathematics. GCSE attainment in combinations of subjects studied is stratified particularly with respect to gender and ethnicity. This research offers new insight into the role of family background factors in GCSE attainment by subject combination.

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Liublinska, Viktoriia. "Sensitivity Analyses in Empirical Studies Plagued with Missing Data." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10898.

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Analyses of data with missing values often require assumptions about missingness mechanisms that cannot be assessed empirically, highlighting the need for sensitivity analyses. However, universal recommendations for reporting missing data and conducting sensitivity analyses in empirical studies are scarce. Both steps are often neglected by practitioners due to the lack of clear guidelines for summarizing missing data and systematic explorations of alternative assumptions, as well as the typical attendant complexity of missing not at random (MNAR) models. We propose graphical displays that help visualize and systematize the results of sensitivity analyses, building upon the idea of "tipping-point" analysis for experiments with dichotomous treatment. The resulting "enhanced tipping-point displays" (ETP) are convenient summaries of conclusions drawn from using different modeling assumptions about the missingness mechanisms, applicable to a broad range of outcome distributions. We also describe a systematic way of exploring MNAR models using ETP displays, based on a pattern-mixture factorization of the outcome distribution, and present a set of sensitivity parameters that arises naturally from such a factorization. The primary goal of the displays is to make formal sensitivity analyses more comprehensible to practitioners, thereby helping them assess the robustness of experiments' conclusions. We also present an example of a recent use of ETP displays in a medical device clinical trial, which helped lead to FDA approval. The last part of the dissertation demonstrates another method of sensitivity analysis in the same clinical trial. The trial is complicated by missingness in outcomes "due to death", and we address this issue by employing Rubin Causal Model and principal stratification. We propose an improved method to estimate the joint posterior distribution of estimands of interest using a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm and demonstrate its superiority for this problem to the standard Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The proposed methods of sensitivity analyses provide new collections of useful tools for the analysis of data sets plagued with missing values.
Statistics

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Talbot, Justin F. "Importance Resampling for Global Illumination." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1021.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Multiple Stratification"

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Graham, Ian, Therese Cooney, and Dirk De Bacquer. Risk stratification and risk assessment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0005.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of death worldwide. The underlying atherosclerosis starts in childhood and is often advanced when it becomes clinically apparent many years later. CVD is manageable: in countries where it has reduced this is due to changes in lifestyle and risk factors and to therapy. Risk factor management reduces mortality and morbidity. In apparently healthy people CVD risk is most frequently the result of multiple interacting risk factors and a risk estimation system such as SCORE can assist in making logical management decisions. In younger people a low absolute risk may conceal a very high relative risk, and use of the relative risk chart or calculation of their ‘risk age’ may help in advising them of the need for intensive life style efforts. All risk estimation systems are relatively crude and require attention to qualifying statements.

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Clarke, Colin. Decolonizing the Colonial City. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199269815.001.0001.

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In this sequel to Kingston, Jamaica: Urban Development and Social Change, 1692 to 1962 (1975) Colin Clarke investigates the role of class, colour, race, and culture in the changing social stratification and spatial patterning of Kingston, Jamaica since independence in 1962. He also assesses the strains - created by the doubling of the population - on labour and housing markets, which are themselves important ingredients in urban social stratification. Special attention is also given to colour, class, and race segregation, to the formation of the Kingston ghetto, to the role of politics in the creation of zones of violence and drug trading in downtown Kingston, and to the contribution of the arts to the evolution of national culture. A special feature is the inclusion of multiple maps produced and compiled using GIS (geographical information systems). The book concludes with a comparison with the post-colonial urban problems of South Africa and Brazil, and an evalution of the de-colonization of Kingston.

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Singer, Mervyn. Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary embolism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0170.

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Pulmonary embolus is predominantly due to thrombus breaking off from deep veins or from within the right heart, lodging within large or small vessels within the pulmonary vasculature, causing a variable degree of clinical features ranging from asymptomatic through to shock and cardiac arrest. Non-thrombotic causes include air or fat embolism. Outcome is predicated by the degree of right ventricular dysfunction. There are multiple risk factors including surgery, arrhythmias, prolonged immobility, venous stasis, pregnancy and an underlying pro-thrombotic tendency, either congenital or acquired. Numerous risk stratification scores have been developed derived from clinical features, imaging findings and biochemical markers of right ventricular strain and myocardial damage.

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Delamont, Shane. Syncope. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0029.

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This chapter details the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and major causes of syncope. There is a conceptual framework of the physiology behind syncope and a discussion about cerebral blood flow. Particular attention is given to understanding neurocardiogenic syncope, which is the commonest cause. It looks at the latest physiological understanding of syncope and the importance of clinical context which enables risk stratification and facilitates diagnosis of the causes and hence management of syncope. National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines, their effective use are emphasized, and the importance of understanding the differences between single and multiple syncopal events is detailed. A brief discussion about the role of neurophysiology in syncope and treatment approaches follows.

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Ray, Komal, and Mark Bellamy. Hepatic and renal disease and anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0085.

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Anaesthesia for the patient with liver or renal disease may seem daunting, not least because of the multisystem nature of these seemingly single-system conditions. Both kidney and liver disease are associated with systemic manifestations, and often with multiple co-morbidities. There are inherent complexities in patient assessment and risk stratification. The process of preoperative optimization is a complex one, and has to be tailored to the individual, based on a detailed understanding both of the pathophysiology of the organ dysfunction, and its clinical implications. The practical conduct of anaesthesia is further complicated by unexpected or atypical reactions to therapeutic agents (pharmacodynamic effects) as well as unexpected durations of action and drug interactions (altered pharmacokinetics). This chapter is not an exhaustive treatise on the topic, nor can it be; it does, however, attempt to point towards important issues to be considered.

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Guest, Paul C. Multiplex Biomarker Techniques: Methods and Applications for COVID-19 Disease Diagnosis and Risk Stratification. Springer, 2022.

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Silvers, Michael B. Voices of Drought. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042089.001.0001.

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Voices of Drought is an ethnomusicological study of relationships between popular music, the environmental and social costs of drought, and the politics of culture and climate vulnerability in the northeast region of Brazil, primarily the state of Ceará. The book traces the articulations of music and sound with drought as a discourse, a matter of politics, and a material reality. It encompasses multiple entwined issues, including ecological exile, poverty, and unequal access to vital resources such as water, along with corruption, prejudice, unbridled capitalism, and rapidly expanding neoliberalism. Each chapter is a case study: the use of carnauba wax, formed by palm trees as a protective climate adaptation, in the production of wax cylinder sound recordings in the late nineteenth century; the political significance of regionalist popular music, especially baião and forró, in the mid-twentieth century; forró music and practices of weather forecasting that involve listening to bird calls; the production and meaning of the soundscape of a small city as it involves musician Raimundo Fagner; social and musical change at the turn of the twenty-first century; and the cancellation of state-sponsored Carnival celebrations due to a costly multi-year drought in the 2010s. Demonstrating how ecological crisis affects musical culture by way of and proportionate to social difference and stratification, the book advocates a focus on environmental justice in ecomusicological scholarship.

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Banerjee, Amitava, and Kaleab Asrress. Prevention of cardiovascular disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0343.

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The global scale of the cardiovascular disease epidemic is unquestionable, with cardiovascular disease causing a greater burden of mortality and morbidity than any other disease, regardless of country or population. With demographic change and ageing populations, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors is set to increase. The commonest cardiovascular diseases are atherosclerotic, affecting all arterial territories. The ‘burden of disease’ approach has highlighted the fact that cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases are not simply diseases of affluence but affect people of all countries, with enormous costs in terms of public health, healthcare, and overall economies. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in all regions of the world apart from sub-Saharan Africa, followed by cerebrovascular disease. It should be noted, however, that there has been a major decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in Western Europe, the US, and Japan over the past 40 years. There are multiple factors underlying these favourable trends but understanding the epidemiology and characterizing individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease has been central in formulating preventive and treatment strategies. The INTERHEART study showed that 90% of cardiovascular risk can be explained by nine easily identifiable risk factors; an awareness of these, and the discovery of novel factors, will continue to serve in the fight to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. Geoffrey Rose first championed population-wide approaches versus strategies which target only high-risk individuals. Prevention aims to ‘catch the disease’ upstream, therefore delaying, reducing, or eliminating the risk of coronary artery disease. Surrogate markers for coronary artery disease have emerged in efforts to detect disease at earlier stages, and in order to better understand the pathophysiology. For example, coronary artery calcium scoring is emerging as a marker of future risk of coronary artery disease. Risk stratification scores are increasingly used as tools to individualize a person’s future risk of coronary artery disease in order to better target treatment and prevention strategies.

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Les zones grises des relations de travail et d’emploi. Teseo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts877231984.

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<p>Depuis les années 2000, le terme « zone grise » s’est diffusé dans la littérature en sciences sociales, mais aussi dans les médias. Dans le domaine du travail et de l’emploi, la perspective des zones grises donne à voir comment les régulations du travail, et comment les pratiques individuelles et collectives forgées depuis la fin du 19ème, sont aujourd’hui aux prises avec des mutations de fond. Plus encore, cette perspective manifeste l’épuisement et les limites des catégorisations héritées du salariat pour comprendre les transformations en cours.</p><p>Ce dictionnaire invite, si ce n’est à refonder un lexique d’analyse du travail et de ses régulations, au moins à examiner de façon critique ces catégories héritées. Il a pour objet de montrer comment un grand nombre de ces catégories changent de sens sous nos yeux et permettent l’émergence de nouveaux concepts et catégories d’entendement. Historiquement, le salariat, comme « politique du travail » – au sens de logique générale d’insertion du travail dans le système démocratique – a mis en rapport un état du développement technologique, un stade spécifique de la dynamique du capitalisme, des modalités de régulation des conflits sociaux et un principe de stratification sociale. S’il est encore trop tôt pour dire quels seront à terme les contours de la « politique du travail » qui émerge aujourd’hui, ce dictionnaire vise à cartographier les recompositions qui sont d’ores et déjà perceptibles, au Nord comme au Sud, tant au niveau des régulations que des catégories mobilisées.</p><p>Rassemblant un grand nombre de sociologues – notamment du travail –, mais aussi des économistes, des géographes, des politistes, des historiens ou des juristes, principalement d’Europe et des Amériques, le dictionnaire multiplie pour cela les entrées, qu’il s’agisse d’entrées conceptuelles comme « pluriactivité », « subjectivation » ou « précarité », ou encore de figures du travail<i> </i>comme<i> </i>« intellos précaires » ou « travailleurs économiquement dépendants ».</p>

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Book chapters on the topic "Multiple Stratification"

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Kumar, Shaji, Rafael Fonseca, and Keith Stewart. "Molecular Classification and Risk Stratification." In Multiple Myeloma, 55–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8520-9_6.

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Mateos, María-Victoria, and Jesús San-Miguel. "Risk Stratification in Newly Diagnosed Smoldering Multiple Myeloma." In Personalized Therapy for Multiple Myeloma, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61872-2_1.

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Jagosky, Megan H., Alankrita Taneja, and Manisha Bhutani. "Risk Stratification in Newly Diagnosed Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma." In Personalized Therapy for Multiple Myeloma, 15–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61872-2_2.

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Offidani, Massimo, Laura Corvatta, Silvia Gentili, Elena Aghemo, Antonio Palumbo, Laura Maracci, and Alessandra Larocca. "Risk Stratification in Newly Diagnosed Transplant Ineligible Multiple Myeloma." In Personalized Therapy for Multiple Myeloma, 37–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61872-2_3.

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Cruciani, Federica, Lorenza Brusini, Mauro Zucchelli, Gustavo Retuci Pinheiro, Francesco Setti, Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo, Rachid Deriche, Leticia Rittner, Massimiliano Calabrese, and Gloria Menegaz. "Explainable 3D-CNN for Multiple Sclerosis Patients Stratification." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 103–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_8.

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Gentili, Silvia, and Sagar Lonial. "Risk Stratification and Response Assessment in Multiple Myeloma and Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia." In Cancer Consult: Expertise for Clinical Practice, 352–57. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118589199.ch55.

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Gonzalez-Martinez, Sergio, María Fernanda Cabrera-Umpiérrez, Manuel Ottaviano, Vladimir Urošević, Nikola Vojičić, Stefan Spasojević, and Ognjen Milićević. "Novel Interactive BRAINTEASER Tools for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Management." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 302–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09593-1_26.

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AbstractThe presented demonstrated working tools in the initial version constitute the foundation of the novel ALS and MS management and monitoring, leveraging extended IoT sensing and emerging instruments infrastructure, and a basis for integration of more advanced and effective AI models (in development) for disease progression prediction, patient stratification and ambiental exposure assessment.

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Jian, Lijun, Xiao Zeng, and Jie Pei. "The Potential Force Interface Tension Model in MPS Method for Stratification Simulation." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 288–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_27.

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AbstractIn the analysis of phenomenology of serious accident, stratification behavior is important in the late in-vessel stage of core melt. Traditional numerical methods have difficulties in analyzing stratification process accompanying with free surface, which need extra processes such as empirical correlations. The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method has a natural advantage in calculating multiphase flows with free surface. In this paper, we apply the potential force surface tension model to the MPS program and extend the original surface tension model to the interface tension calculation of multiple flows. The improved MPS method is verified by a classical dam break problem. The surface tension model is verified by the cases of droplet oscillation, droplet on solid wall and floating droplet. Finally, the two-dimensional dam-break stratification experiment of silicone oil and salt water is simulated, and the simulation results agree with the experiment.

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Liu, Yuanliu, Pengpeng Zhao, Xu Zhou, and Zhiming Cui. "A Multiple-Phase Stratification-Based Hierarchical Clustering Over a Deep Web Data Source." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 395–404. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54924-3_37.

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Corre, Jill, and Hervé Avet-Loiseau. "Prognostic Implication of Genetic Changes (Cytogenetics, and FISH, Gains and Losses of DNA by SNP Array and aCGH) in Risk Stratification in Myeloma." In Advances in Biology and Therapy of Multiple Myeloma, 25–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4666-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Multiple Stratification"

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Andavolu, Radhika Gade, Olivia Rodriguez, Anastasia Al Rubakovic, Catherine Stafford, and Murthy V. Andavolu. "Abstract 3267: Combined effect of multiple gene polymorphisms on cancer risk stratification." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3267.

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Liu, Ziyu, Wei Shao, Jie Zhang, Min Zhang, and Kun Huang. "Transfer Learning via Optimal Transportation for Integrative Cancer Patient Stratification." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/380.

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The Stratification of early-stage cancer patients for the prediction of clinical outcome is a challenging task since cancer is associated with various molecular aberrations. A single biomarker often cannot provide sufficient information to stratify early-stage patients effectively. Understanding the complex mechanism behind cancer development calls for exploiting biomarkers from multiple modalities of data such as histopathology images and genomic data. The integrative analysis of these biomarkers sheds light on cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and prognosis. Another difficulty is that labels for early-stage cancer patients are scarce and not reliable enough for predicting survival times. Given the fact that different cancer types share some commonalities, we explore if the knowledge learned from one cancer type can be utilized to improve prognosis accuracy for another cancer type. We propose a novel unsupervised multi-view transfer learning algorithm to simultaneously analyze multiple biomarkers in different cancer types. We integrate multiple views using non-negative matrix factorization and formulate the transfer learning model based on the Optimal Transport theory to align features of different cancer types. We evaluate the stratification performance on three early-stage cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Comparing with other benchmark methods, our framework achieves superior accuracy for patient outcome prediction.

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Ahn, Ji Soo, Michael Bluck, Matthew Eaton, and Chris Jackson. "A Validation of RELAP on Predicting Nuclear Power Plant Phenomena." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81424.

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In this study, RELAP5’s capability to simulate thermal stratification under different conditions is assessed. In nuclear power plants (NPPs), thermal stratification can occur in the following locations: pressurizer, piping systems such as hot legs, cold legs, surge lines, and cooling tanks if available. In general, thermal stratification in a horizontal pipe could not be simulated by RELAP5 due to the inherent one-dimensional setting. Moreover, RELAP5 failed to simulate turbulent penetration which was often a pre-requisite prior to thermal stratification in a pipe. This type of situation could arise in connection between hot leg and surge line, spray lines, feed water lines, etc. It is recommended that for this type of problem CFD be used. In the literature, it was found that RELAP5 was capable of simulating thermal stratification in a pool or a tank-like component if multiple channels and crossflow junctions were used. However, due to uncertainties associated with the input model, the current RELAP5 model failed to reproduce experimental data and therefore further investigation would be required to identify the sources of error.

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Zhou, Chuan, Heang-Ping Chan, Lubomir M. Hadjiiski, and Qian Dong. "Deep learning based risk stratification for treatment management of multiple myeloma with sequential MRI scans." In Computer-Aided Diagnosis, edited by Karen Drukker and Maciej A. Mazurowski. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582203.

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Sajjad, Farasdaq Muchibbus, Steven Chandra, Patrick Ivan, Wingky Suganda, Yudi Budiansah, and Alvin Derry Wirawan. "The Effect of Compositional Gradient in Field Development." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205801-ms.

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Abstract The existence of fluid’s compositional gradient in a reservoir drives convective flow which brings significant impacts to the operations, e.g., in formulation of injected fluid for well stimulation and enhanced oil Recovery (EOR). However, fluid compositional gradient is not always included in modeling reservoir performance due to PVT sampling limitation and simulation constraint. This work aims to show the significance of compositional convection in oil/gas reservoir and provides our experiences in dealing with this issue in Indonesian’s fields. PHE ONWJ as one of the most prolific producers of oil and gas in Indonesia currently operates an offshore block that has been producing for almost 40 years. Operating in a relatively mature well, PHE ONWJ often encounters significant fluid property change namely oil viscosity and specific gravity that changes overtime as depletion process occur. Data from X field, operated by PHE ONWJ, shows that compositional convection impacts workover and tertiary operations, by deviating from simulation results. We present the evidence of compositional convection using mechanistic models. We firstly adopt field data for setting the initial composition stratification. The stratification is identified through DST or fluid sampling. We secondly perform similarity simulation to analyze the effect of compositional gradient towards oil production. Similarity simulation is performed in the simplified domain for providing generalized solution. This solution is then scaled for the real domain. Finally, we show our approach to encounter the problems. Based on the similarity study inspired by the case of X Field, it shows that the compositional stratification affects geochemistry and near-wellbore flow behavior. The compositional convection develops multiple fluid properties at different depth, which create cross flow among layers. It also causes scale deposition in near wellbore which reduces the permeability and alters rock-fluid interactions, such as wettability and relative permeability. The alteration of near-wellbore geochemistry creates severe flow assurance issues in the wellbore. The mixing of multiple fluids from different layers cause paraffin and scale deposition. In some fields, the mixing triggers severe corrosions which could impact on wellbore integrity. The compositional stratification forces us to develop multiple treatments for different layers in single wellbore. Since the fluid’s properties are different for each layer, the compatibility between injected fluid and reservoir fluids varies.

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Abe, Satoshi, Masahiro Ishigaki, Yasuteru Sibamoto, and Taisuke Yonomoto. "RANS and LES Analyses on a Density Stratified Layer Behavior of Multicomponent Gas by Buoyant Jet in a Small Vessel." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30020.

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The analysis on a density stratified layer consisting of multiple gases in the reactor containment vessel is important for the safety assessment of sever accidents. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code has a potential to clarify detailed stratification phenomena in the containment vessel. In this paper, CFD analyses were carried out in order to investigate the erosion of the stratified layer by a vertical buoyant jet injected from the bottom of a small vessel. Although the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model is commonly used in industrial applications, it is known that the RANS analyses tend to overpredict effects of turbulent mixing and stratification erosion for these phenomena. This study carried out the RANS and Large-Eddy simulations (LES) in order to understand the detailed phenomena of the stratification erosion in a containment vessel, and clarify the problems of the RANS analysis from the comparison. As a result, although both the RANS and LES models calculated the erosion, the erosion rates calculated by the RANS models were faster than that by the LES model. The calculated erosion behavior was qualitatively different: the LES analyses showed the vertical helium turbulent transport was enhanced only in the radial region directly affected by the impinging jet, while the RANS analyses indicated the occurrences of such transportation at all the radial locations. Although more detailed validation is required using appropriate experimental data, this difference among the calculated cases suggests the importance of the improvement of the turbulence models in order to accurately predict turbulence damping in the stratification layer.

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Jiang, Jinghua, Ying Li, Tianlin Wang, Lili Tong, and Xuewu Cao. "Mixing and Stratification Phenomena Under Natural Convection in the Multi-Openings Compartment." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90143.

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Abstract The mixing and stratification of hydrogen-vapor-air in the compartment is extensively studied under inertia jets and turbulent buoyant jets. The characteristics of buoyancy-driven flows during fission and fusion reactor accidents need to be further studied to provide a benchmark for the validation of computational procedures. In this paper, a large-scale facility of a vessel with multiple openings is established to study the mixing and stratification of the mixture driven by buoyancy under natural convection. The test is carried out with well-controlled boundary conditions, in which, a mixture of helium and vapor with a volume fraction of 1:10 is injected in the compartment filled with air. As the injection begins, the gas mixture is driven by the injection source and the buoyancy of the light gas. The gas is released through the top and bottom openings with the flow velocity of 5 m/s and 7.5 m/s, respectively. When the injection is stopped at 4600s, the density gradient induces the natural convection, air enters the vessel through the bottom opening with a relatively low velocity, and the low-density mixture is discharged through the top opening at the same time. During this period, the velocity of the mixture at the opening decreases due to the reduction of the drive force of natural convection.

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Doerr, Th, M. Blomeyer, and D. K. Hennecke. "Optimization of Multiple Jets Mixing With a Confined Crossflow." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-313.

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An experimental investigation of a non-reacting multiple jet mixing with a confined crossflow has been conducted. Flow and geometric conditions were varied in order to examine favourable parameters for mixing. The requirement for a rapid and intense mixing process originates from combustion applications, especially the RQL-combustion concept. Thus, the jets were perpendicularly injected out of one opposed row of circular orifices into a heated crossflow in a rectangular duct. Spacing and hole size were varied within the ranges referring to combustor applications. The results presented are restricted to an inline orientation of opposed jet axis. Temperature distribution, mixing rate and standard deviation were determined at discrete downstream locations. Best i.e. uniform mixing can be observed strongly depending on momentum flux ratio. For all geometries investigated an optimum momentum flux ratio yields to a homogeneous temperature distribution in the flowfield downstream of the injection plane. Too high ratios deteriorate the mixing process due to the mutual impact of the opposed entraining jets along with a thermal stratification of the flowfield. Correlations are introduced describing the dependency of optimum momentum flux ratio on mixing hole geometry. They allow the optimization of jet-in-crossflow mixing processes in respect to uniform mixing.

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Makarenko, Nikolai I., and Janna L. Maltseva. "Amplitude Bounds for Nonlinear Internal Waves." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37458.

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Amplitude bounds imposed by the conservation of mass, momentum and energy for internal gravity waves are considered. We discuss the theoretical schemes intended for a description of permanent waves just up to the broadening limit. Analytical methods which allow to determine the critical amplitude values for the current with a given density profile are considered. Attention is focused on the continuously stratified flows having multiple broadening limits. The role of the mean density profile and the influence of fine-scale stratification are analysed.

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Sgroi, D., P. Goss, L. Steffel, S. Lester, J. Brock, O. Hameed, E. Hattab, X. Ma, and M. Erlander. "Comparison of risk stratification by OncotypeDX versus HOXB13/IL17BR index and molecular grade index in 166 estrogen receptor positive patients from multiple institutions." In CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-1072.

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Reports on the topic "Multiple Stratification"

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Hicks, James, Herbert Lepor, Michael Wigler, and Joan Alexander. Molecular Markers for Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification from Multiple Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614118.

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Harter, Rachel M., Pinliang (Patrick) Chen, Joseph P. McMichael, Edgardo S. Cureg, Samson A. Adeshiyan, and Katherine B. Morton. Constructing Strata of Primary Sampling Units for the Residential Energy Consumption Survey. RTI Press, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0041.1705.

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The 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey design called for stratification of primary sampling units to improve estimation. Two methods of defining strata from multiple stratification variables were proposed, leading to this investigation. All stratification methods use stratification variables available for the entire frame. We reviewed textbook guidance on the general principles and desirable properties of stratification variables and the assumptions on which the two methods were based. Using principal components combined with cluster analysis on the stratification variables to define strata focuses on relationships among stratification variables. Decision trees, regressions, and correlation approaches focus more on relationships between the stratification variables and prior outcome data, which may be available for just a sample of units. Using both principal components/cluster analysis and decision trees, we stratified primary sampling units for the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and compared the resulting strata.

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