Journal articles: 'Multiple-stage processes'

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MEIKRANTZ, D. H., S. B. MEIKRANTZ, and L. L. MACALUSO. "ANNULAR CENTRIFUGAL CONTACTORS FOR MULTIPLE STAGE EXTRACTION PROCESSES." Chemical Engineering Communications 188, no. 1 (October 2001): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440108912900.

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Jearkpaporn, D., C. M. Borror, G. C. Runger, and D. C. Montgomery. "Process monitoring for mean shifts for multiple stage processes." International Journal of Production Research 45, no. 23 (December 2007): 5547–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540701325371.

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Zeng, Rong, Liang Huang, Jianjun Li, Hongwei Li, Hui Zhu, and Xiaoting Zhang. "Quantification of multiple softening processes occurring during multi-stage thermoforming of high-strength steel." International Journal of Plasticity 120 (September 2019): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.04.010.

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Imaizumi, Mitsuhiro, and Mitsutaka Kimura. "Multiple-Stage Policies for a Server System with Illegal Access." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 25, no. 04 (June 6, 2018): 1850016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021853931850016x.

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As the Internet technology has developed, the demands for the improvement of the reliability and security of the system connected with the Internet have increased. Although various services are performed on the Internet, illegal access on the Internet has become a problem in recent years. This paper formulates stochastic models for a system with illegal access. The server has the function of IDS, and illegal access is checked in multiple stages which consist of simple check, detailed check and dynamic check. We apply the theory of Markov renewal processes to a system with illegal access, and derive the mean time and the expected checking number until a server system becomes faulty. Further, optimal policies which minimize the expected cost are discussed. Finally, numerical examples are given.

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Barad, Miryam, and Daniel Braha. "Control Limits for Multi-Stage Manufacturing Processes with Binomial Yield (Single and Multiple Production Runs)." Journal of the Operational Research Society 47, no. 1 (January 1996): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2584255.

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Zhao, Chunhui, Fuli Wang, Ningyun Lu, and Mingxing Jia. "Stage-based soft-transition multiple PCA modeling and on-line monitoring strategy for batch processes." Journal of Process Control 17, no. 9 (October 2007): 728–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2007.02.005.

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Barad, Miryam, and Daniel Braha. "Control Limits for Multi-stage Manufacturing Processes with Binomial Yield (Single and Multiple Production Runs)." Journal of the Operational Research Society 47, no. 1 (January 1996): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1996.9.

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Khabirov, F. A., T. I. Khaybullin, E. V. Granatov, and S. R. Shakirzianova. "Effect of cerebrolysin on remyelination processes in multiple sclerosis patients in stage of relapse regression." Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 116, no. 12 (2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201611612148-53.

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Mukherjee, Indrajit, and Pradip Kumar Ray. "Optimal process design of two-stage multiple responses grinding processes using desirability functions and metaheuristic technique." Applied Soft Computing 8, no. 1 (January 2008): 402–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2007.02.005.

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Kapur, Narinder, John Millar, Chris Colbourn, Pat Abbott, Philip Kennedy, and Tom Docherty. "Very Long-Term Amnesia in Association with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Evidence for Multiple-Stage Consolidation Processes." Brain and Cognition 35, no. 1 (October 1997): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1997.0927.

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Anand, Mohit, and Philippe Monin. "Innovation Processes in Emerging Markets: Empirical Evidence from the Indian Insurance Industry." Management international 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022219ar.

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How do organizations innovate to respond to emerging market issues? Building on a multiple-case research design, we study four cases of innovation in the Indian insurance industry. In the first stage of our analysis, we identify seven innovation processes: Demystification, technologization, bundlization, indigenization, retailization, commoditization and segmentation. In the second stage, we find that these seven processes serve as generic responses to three typical issues: management of meanings and values, accessibility and affordability that firms face in emerging markets. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of innovation processes in emerging markets.

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Gironi, M., C. Solaro, C. Meazza, M. Vaghi, L. Montagna, M. Rovaris, A. P. Batocchi, et al. "Growth Hormone and Disease Severity in Early Stage of Multiple Sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/836486.

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Evidence suggests that neurohormones such as GH and IGF-I are involved in the neuroreparative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). GH and IGF-I blood levels in naïve MS patients with different disease courses were investigated in this study. Serum GH and IGF-I in untreated MS patients (n=64), healthy controls (HC,n=62), and patients affected by other neurological diseases (OND,n=46) were evaluated with a solid-phase-enzyme-labeled-chemiluminescent-immunometric assay. No differences were detected in GH across MS, OND, and HC (MS=0.87±1.32 ng/mL;OND=1.66±3.7; andHC=1.69±3.35;P=0.858) when considering gender, disease duration, and disease course. However, GH was lower (P=0.007) in patients with more severe disease (expanded disability scale score,EDSS≥4.0) compared with milder forms (EDSS<4). IGF-I l did not differ across the 3 groups (P=0.160), as far as concern disease course, disability, and gender were. Lower IGF-I levels were detected in subjects older than 50 years compared to younger ones for all 3 groups. Lower GH was detected in patients with more severe MS, and age was confirmed as the main factor driving IGF-I levels in all subjects. These findings, relying on the natural course of the disease, could help in shedding lights on the mechanisms involved in autoreparative failure associated with poorer prognosis in MS.

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Mousavi Anijdan, S. H., D. Kang, N. Singh, and M. Gallerneault. "Precipitation behavior of strip cast Al–Mg–0.4Sc–0.15Zr alloy under single and multiple-stage aging processes." Materials Science and Engineering: A 640 (July 2015): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.06.006.

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Paty, D. W. "Multiple Sclerosis: Assessment of Disease Progression and Effects of Treatment." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 14, S3 (August 1987): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100038038.

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ABSTRACT:MS could well be a two stage disease. The first stage involves the sequential development of multiple small lesions, mostly inflammatory, that accumulate at a given rate. The second stage could be that of consolidation and confluence of lesions that involves not only demyelination but gliosis. MRI now gives us an opportunity to watch the evolution of these processes and also to monitor treatment effects. It is only after the evolution of this process is understood that we can design rational therapies directed toward the prevention of spasticity in MS.

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PATSADU, Orasa, Pongsakorn TANGCHITWILAIKUN, and Supanut LOWSUWANKUL. "Liver Cancer Patient Classification on a Multiple-Stage using Hybrid Classification Methods." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 18, no. 9 (April 20, 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.9169.

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This paper proposes a model to detect liver cancer patients and estimate the abnormality level of livers using a classification method based on an Indian liver patient dataset. The dataset is prepared by 3 processes: preliminary study, data cleansing, and handling imbalanced class to build the model based on multiple-stages using hybrid classification methods. The 1st stage is liver cancer patient detection. The 2nd stage is abnormality level of liver estimation, as divided using the DeRitis Ratio. The abnormality level of livers is divided into 3 levels: low, medium, and high, called ALL framework. Machine learning method is used to build multiple classification stages, which consist of Multilayer Perceptron, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest. The experimental results demonstrate that the 1st model (stage I) can detect liver cancer patient with 78.88 % accuracy. The 2nd model (stage II) achieves accuracy of 99.83 % for abnormality level of liver estimation. In addition, we compare our proposed model with another dataset. Our proposed model also outperforms detection with 76.73 and 98.26 % accuracy in stage I and stage II, respectively. Our proposed model is a benefit for physicians to support diagnosis and treatment, especially in the case of physicians desiring an intelligent decision support system.

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Johnston, James C., Robert S. McCann, and Roger W. Remington. "Chronometric Evidence for two Types of Attention." Psychological Science 6, no. 6 (November 1995): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00527.x.

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Parallel processing in the human brain is subject to severe attentional limits, but it is unclear whether such limits arise from a single attentional process or multiple distinct attentional processes We provide new evidence that two candidates, input attention and central attention, operate at different temporal stages of processing This conclusion is supported by chronometric analyses showing that the same reference stage (letter identification) operates after the stage at which input attention operates, but prior to the stage at which central attention operates The finding that attention operates at different temporal loci provides new support for the existence of distinct attentional processes

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Liu, D. Y., Ping Yu Jiang, and L. Guo. "Study on Machining Error Propagation for Multistage Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.379.

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Digital action mechanism of machining error propagation has been a hot research topic in recent years. A complicated machining system usually contains multiple stages. Basing on analyzing digital behaviors of machining process flow, a methodology of machining error monitoring and control is put forward, which is based on dynamic programming. Under this framework, state of machining feature is described with vector matrices, and then differential transition matrices are used to represent the influences of error sources on machining feature quality of workpiece. Basing on this, a general error propagation equation is derived. At last, an example of a three-stage machining processes is presented to illustrate the proposed methodology.

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Li, Yan, Laura M. Lee, and Jason Rock. "Modeling population dynamics and nonstationary processes of difficult-to-age fishery species with a hierarchical Bayesian two-stage model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 12 (December 2019): 2199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0298.

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Modeling population dynamics and establishing a comprehensive population assessment for fishery species that are difficult to age have been challenging. Determination of age for such species is still an unresolved issue or is at best uncertain. Catch-survey analysis does not require full age information but can still provide a comprehensive population assessment. It was extended to incorporate multiple surveys and multiple sources of uncertainties within the statistical catch-at-age framework in the applications to crustaceans. Here, we further generalize and extend the multiple survey catch-survey analysis into a hierarchical Bayesian two-stage model by applying the hierarchical Bayesian approach. The hierarchical Bayesian approach can sufficiently incorporate uncertainty and expert opinions in parameter estimation. We developed a series of models with different assumptions for natural mortality and catchability, including nonstationary (i.e., time-varying) assumptions. We evaluated model robustness to these assumptions and compared population dynamics estimates and population status determination. We demonstrated the application of the hierarchical Bayesian two-stage model using the North Carolina blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) example. In this example, estimation of population size and fishing mortality and determination of population status were robust to the natural mortality and catchability assumptions. The North Carolina blue crab population is less likely to have nonstationary catchability or nonstationary natural mortality. Its natural mortality is more likely to vary by stage than by sex or over time.

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Zemskov, Andrei M., Tatiyana A. Berezhnova, Veronika A. Zemskova, Kseniya S. Dyadina, Yana V. Kulintsova, and Anton V. Larin. "Immune-metabolic genesis of pathological processes." Research Results in Pharmacology 5, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.38386.

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This article deals with metabolic-immune processes at rest and under stress conditions, which, in turn, results in the development of immune-dependent and immune-associated disorders. The article analyzes study results and conclusions of various literature sources and experimental data in healthy individuals and patients suffering from non-specific inflammatory lung diseases; purulent-inflammatory diseases and their combinations, primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in the acute stage and remission. Research studies investigated the impact of the type, stage, combination of diseases on the parameters of the immunologic and metabolic statuses, as well as their correlations. The authors also analyzed metabolic effects of immunomodulators. Based on the analysis of the literature and own clinical and experimental data, the authors identified the ability of metabolic factors to regulate immunological processes. A correlative analysis of examination results of the patients with various diseases helped detect the unity of the immune-metabolic mechanisms of pathology. The data on the therapeutic effect of various modulators through differentiated biochemical chains and vice versa – the metabolic effect through immunological mechanisms –were analyzed in the study. Thus, one can testify that there is the phenomenon of a mediated effect of some immunocorrectors on the reactivity through metabolic chains. The fact that a number of modulators and metabolics can simultaneously affect the biochemical and immunological parameters of patients proved the above phenomenon. There was revealed a significant correlation interaction of the immune-metabolic parameters with various types of purulent-inflammatory diseases, which proves the formation of a single mechanism of pathology.

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Chandran, Siddharthan, David Hunt, Alexis Joannides, Chao Zhao, Alastair Compston, and Robin J. M. Franklin. "Myelin repair: the role of stem and precursor cells in multiple sclerosis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1489 (February 5, 2007): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.2019.

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Multiple sclerosis is the most common potential cause of neurological disability in young adults. The disease has two distinct clinical phases, each reflecting a dominant role for separate pathological processes: inflammation drives activity during the relapsing–remitting stage and axon degeneration represents the principal substrate of progressive disability. Recent advances in disease-modifying treatments target only the inflammatory process. They are ineffective in the progressive stage, leaving the science of disease progression unsolved. Here, the requirement is for strategies that promote remyelination and prevent axonal loss. Pathological and experimental studies suggest that these processes are tightly linked, and that remyelination or myelin repair will both restore structure and protect axons. This review considers the basic and clinical biology of remyelination and the potential contribution of stem and precursor cells to enhance and supplement spontaneous remyelination.

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Paltayian, George, Katerina D. Gotzamani, Andreas C. Georgiou, and Andreas Andronikidis. "Aligning customer requirements and organizational constraints to service processes and strategies." Business Process Management Journal 23, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 1018–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-10-2015-0140.

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Purpose Recognizing the fundamental role of quality as a means to differentiate service organizations, the purpose of this paper is to propose a strategic decision making framework for service organizations, which prioritizes performance improvement strategies that are rooted to customer requirements, organizational goals and constrained by organizational resources. Design/methodology/approach The proposed framework is realized through the implementation of two stages and four distinct phases mirroring the combination of enhanced quality function deployment (first stage), and zero-one goal programming (second stage). It proposes the utilization of a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, and the collection of data from multiple sources including customers, middle, and top management. Findings The application and validation of the proposed framework utilizes information from both customers and employees in the bank services sector. Overall, results from the specific study revealed that a combination of “reengineering” and “expansion” strategies was more appropriate corresponding to customer priorities, organizational goals and effective utilization of available resources. Originality/value The paper presents a novel two stage strategic framework for service organizations. It utilizes a balanced mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods in an effort to capture and delineate elusive customer requirements and design characteristics of services, allowing the assessment of different combinations of quality improvement strategies in response to management objectives.

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Leithold, Nick, Heiko Haase, and Arndt Lautenschläger. "Stage-Gate® for SMEs: a qualitative study in Germany." European Journal of Innovation Management 18, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-07-2014-0070.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the structure of the new product development (NPD) processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and researches the transferability of the Stage-Gate® system for SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a qualitative multiple case study design. Data were gathered from 49 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with German firms. The authors used blank cards and a bar graph to measure process structures. The NPD processes were assessed using both objective and subjective success criteria. Pattern matching was used as a systematic analysis technology for the identification of certain structures in the data. In data analysis the authors applied triangulation, content analysis, and descriptive categorisations. The authors looked for similarities and differences between the groups and the frequencies of certain characteristics, and also compared mean values. Findings – The authors found that the majority of the enterprises have adopted Stage-Gate® systems. The authors also found that users of Stage-Gate® XPress processes (a condensed version of the Stage-Gate® system) were, on average, more successful in their innovation activities than the users of other versions of the Stage-Gate® system and entirely different NPD processes. The typical steps in these development processes are idea creation, business case, and product development and production. The study also describes the structure of the XPress processes considering back couplings, overlapping activities, milestones, and customer integration. Originality/value – This description offers potential for the optimisation of the efficiency and effectiveness of NPD processes. Overall, the paper delivers new insights regarding the further exploration of the process structures in SMEs.

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Lipski, Jerzy, and Kazimierz Zaleski. "Implementation of artificial intelligence in optimisation of technological processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925203008.

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This article introduces an algorithm for determining optimal parameters of a technological process. The objective function is the processing time of operations (efficiency) at the constraint of quality requirements of finish according to the designer specification. The problem of selecting a correct combination of processing parameters may only be solved when the cause-and-effect relationship between the finish quality and the machining settings is known. If the process considered for optimisation is repeatable, it appears economically viable to invest resources in the development of a model that would describe these relationships. To this end, we propose employing the artificial neural network trained on the progressions obtained from the tests. In the second stage, the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system, capable of representing relationships of nonlinear nature, was implemented for the optimisation of the objective function. The paper presents the application of the developed algorithm in determination of optimal parameters for the roller burnishing process of surface treatment. A technologist/software user defines the range of acceptable surface finishes. The optimisation algorithm determines a set of modifiable parameters that ensure minimal processing time at a specified surface finish requirements constraint.

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Imaizumi, Mitsuhiro, and Mitsutaka Kimura. "Reliability Analysis of a System with Multiple-Stage Policy Considering Type I and II Errors." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 26, no. 06 (December 2019): 1950028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539319500281.

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This paper formulates a stochastic model for a system with illegal access. The server has the function of IDS, and illegal access is checked in multiple stages which consist of simple check and detailed check. In this model, we consider type I and II errors of simple check and a type I error of detailed check. There are two cases where IDS judges the occurrence of illegal access erroneously. One is when illegal access does not occur, and the other is when illegal access occurs. We apply the theory of Markov renewal processes to a system with illegal access, and derive the mean time and the expected checking number until a server system becomes faulty. Further, an optimal policy which minimizes the expected cost is discussed. Finally, numerical examples are given.

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Desebrock, Clea, and Charles Spence. "The Self-Prioritization Effect: Self-referential processing in movement highlights modulation at multiple stages." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 83, no. 6 (April 16, 2021): 2656–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02295-0.

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AbstractA wealth of recent research supports the validity of the Self-Prioritization Effect (SPE)—the performance advantage for responses to self-associated as compared with other-person-associated stimuli in a shape–label matching task. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the particular stage(s) of information processing that are influenced. In one account, self-prioritization modulates multiple stages of processing, whereas according to a competing account, self-prioritization is driven solely by a modulation in central-stage information-processing. To decide between these two possibilities, the present study tested whether the self-advantage in arm movements previously reported could reflect a response bias using visual feedback (Experiment 1), or approach motivation processes (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 1, visual feedback was occluded in a ballistic movement-time variant of the matching task, whereas in Experiment 2, task responses were directed away from the stimuli and the participant’s body. The advantage for self in arm-movement responses emerged in both experiments. The findings indicate that the self-advantage in arm-movement responses does not depend on the use of visual feedback or on a self/stimuli-directed response. They further indicate that self-relevance can modulate movement responses (predominantly) using proprioceptive, kinaesthetic, and tactile information. These findings support the view that self-relevance modulates arm-movement responses, countering the suggestion that self-prioritization only influences central-stage processes, and consistent with a multiple-stage influence instead.

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Dymova, Ludmila, Krzysztof Kaczmarek, and Pavel Sevastjanov. "Multiple-Criteria Fuzzy Optimization of the Heat Treatment Processes for Two Steel Rolled Products." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052324.

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This paper presents a developed method for fuzzy multiple-criteria optimization of the rolled-steel heat treatment processes in the modern metallurgical plant. At the first stage of the study, by means of passive industrial experiments or a mathematical simulation of heat transfer processes, and using statistical methods, the regression dependencies of the output parameters of process quality on the input variables that are technological parameters are established. Then, based on the quality parameters, membership functions are formed that represent local criteria of the process quality, and their ranks are calculated using the matrix of pairwise comparisons. The practically useful methodology of the fuzzy multiple-criteria optimization of technological processes is proposed. To illustrate this methodology’s practical efficiency, the solutions of two optimization problems are found by maximizing the global criterion that aggregates local criteria using their ranks. It is shown that the efficiency of the obtained optimal heat treatment modes significantly exceeds the efficiency of the technology used earlier in the plant.

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Xie, Nan, Martin Wiederhold, Bei Rong Zheng, Wei Xue, and Peter Dittrich. "Optimizing Maintenance Strategy of Multi-Stage Production System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Configuration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.576.

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The optimized maintenance strategy of multi-stage production line is influenced by device processing ways, parts process plan and equipment deterioration process and other factors. Moreover, the production processes of parts exist constraint relationship. Based machining process plan of complex parts, the order relations of its operation processes is analyzed; the optimized multi-stage production line maintenance model is constructed with multiple objectives including production time, maintenance time, production cost and maintenance cost; the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model, and the Monte Carlo method is applied to carry out the simulation computation for fitness function of chromosome of genetic algorithm; the results give the maintenance threshold of each equipment of the line, their configurations and allocation of the various operation processes of parts at the same time. Finally, an example is presented to prove the effectiveness.

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Dellero, Younes, Vanessa Clouet, Nathalie Marnet, Anthoni Pellizzaro, Sylvain Dechaumet, Marie-Françoise Niogret, and Alain Bouchereau. "Leaf status and environmental signals jointly regulate proline metabolism in winter oilseed rape." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 6 (December 6, 2019): 2098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz538.

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Abstract Proline metabolism is an essential component of plant adaptation to multiple environmental stress conditions that is also known to participate in specific developmental phases, particularly in reproductive organs. Recent evidence suggested a possible role for proline catabolism in Brassica napus for nitrogen remobilization processes from source leaves at the vegetative stage. Here, we investigate transcript levels of Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE (P5CS) and PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE (ProDH) genes at the vegetative stage with respect to net proline biosynthesis and degradation fluxes in leaves having a different sink/source balance. We showed that the underexpression of three P5CS1 genes in source leaves was accompanied by a reduced commitment of de novo assimilated 15N towards proline biosynthesis and an overall depletion of free proline content. We found that the expression of ProDH genes was strongly induced by carbon starvation conditions (dark-induced senescence) compared with early senescing leaves. Our results suggested a role for proline catabolism in B. napus, but acting only at a late stage of senescence. In addition, we also identified some P5CS and ProDH genes that were differentially expressed during multiple processes (leaf status, dark to light transition, and stress response).

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Tian, Feng, and Xiaodong Wang. "An approach for multiple-fracture horizontal gas wells under a two-stage inner boundary condition." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 150 (April 2020): 119284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119284.

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Kato, Takeharu, Hirokazu Sasaki, Hiroyuki Iwai, Akira Ibi, Naoji Kashima, Toshiharu Niwa, Takemi Muroga, et al. "Transmission electron microscopy studies of YBCO coated conductors prepared by pulsed-laser deposition and multiple-stage chemical vapor deposition processes." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 426-431 (October 2005): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2005.01.058.

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Widiputri, Diah Indriani, Adianto Jayaratana, and Evita Herawati Legowo. "Improving the Methodology of Squalene Extraction from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) through Enhanced Pre-Treatment Process." Journal of Functional Food and Nutraceutical 1, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/jffn.v1i2.28.

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Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) resulted from refinery process of crude palm oil (CPO) contains some beneficial bioactive compounds such as squalene, which is one of the best natural emollients for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The need to overcome the problem with the abundant amount of PFAD as a waste has led to the attempts to extract squalene from PFAD in single and multiple stage processes. However, many impurities such as free fatty acids were still found to be present in the yielded squalene extract. Therefore, in this research an effort to optimize the pre-treatment process prior to the extraction was conducted by applying separation technique to reduce some of the free fatty acid, which did not react during saponification. From this experiment, three different pre-treatment scenarios in single stage extraction showed that the squalene content rose from 5.37 % to 9.32 % when centrifugation was applied. Adding another round of saponification to this method has increased the content even further to 23.94 %. Furthermore, the application of multiple stage extraction could increase the squalene content to 37.45 %. Keywords: Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), Squalene, Liquid-liquid Extraction, Multiple stage extraction, Centrifugation process

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Lippke, Sonia, Ralf Schwarzer, Jochen P. Ziegelmann, Urte Scholz, and Benjamin Schüz. "Testing Stage-Specific Effects of a Stage-Matched Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial Targeting Physical Exercise and Its Predictors." Health Education & Behavior 37, no. 4 (June 14, 2010): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198109359386.

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Health education interventions can be tailored toward stages of change. This strategy is based on theories that predict at which stage which variables are indicative of subsequent behavior change processes. For example, planning is regarded as being effective in intenders. However, rather few studies have tested whether matched interventions are more successful for stage transitions than mismatched ones. Also very few previous studies have identified specific variables as targets of stage-matched interventions. A 2 (condition) × 2 (stages) experimental study tested the effects of stage-matched interventions for 226 participants. The stage-matched intervention moved significantly more individuals forward to action than did the control condition. Stage-specific effects were found to corroborate 78% of the assumptions. Multiple mediator analyses revealed stage-specific mechanisms, indicating that intention and planning facilitated behavior change in intenders. Thus, health behavior interventions should take stages of change into account.

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Li, Bin, Xiaoqiang Zhai, and Xiwen Cheng. "Thermal performance analysis and optimization of multiple stage latent heat storage unit based on entransy theory." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 135 (June 2019): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.01.123.

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Qin, Weize, and Huajian Yao. "Characteristics of subevents and three-stage rupture processes of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha Nepal earthquake from multiple-array back projection." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 133 (January 2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.11.012.

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Forgatch, Marion S., James J. Snyder, Gerald R. Patterson, Michael R. Pauldine, Yvonne Chaw, Katie Elish, Jasmine B. Harris, and Eric B. Richardson. "Resurrecting the chimera: Progressions in parenting and peer processes." Development and Psychopathology 28, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 689–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000250.

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AbstractThis report uses 6-year outcomes of the Oregon Divorce Study to examine the processes by which parenting practices affect deviant peer association during two developmental stages: early to middle childhood and late childhood to early adolescence. The participants were 238 newly divorced mothers and their 5- to 8-year-old sons who were randomly assigned to Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO®) or to a no-treatment control group. Parenting practices, child delinquent behavior, and deviant peer association were repeatedly assessed from baseline to 6 years after baseline using multiple methods and informants. PMTO had a beneficial effect on parenting practices relative to the control group. Two stage models linking changes in parenting generated by PMTO to children's growth in deviant peer association were supported. During the early to middle childhood stage, the relationship of improved parenting practices on deviant peer association was moderated by family socioeconomic status (SES); effective parenting was particularly important in mitigating deviant peer association for lower SES families whose children experience higher densities of deviant peers in schools and neighborhoods. During late childhood and early adolescence, the relationship of improved parenting to youths' growth in deviant peer association was mediated by reductions in the growth of delinquency during childhood; higher levels of early delinquency are likely to promote deviant peer association through processes of selective affiliation and reciprocal deviancy training. The results are discussed in terms of multilevel developmental progressions of diminished parenting, child involvement in deviancy producing processes in peer groups, and increased variety and severity of antisocial behavior, all exacerbated by ecological risks associated with low family SES.

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Podbielska, Maria, Joan O’Keeffe, and Anna Pokryszko-Dragan. "New Insights into Multiple Sclerosis Mechanisms: Lipids on the Track to Control Inflammation and Neurodegeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147319.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with complex pathogenesis, including two main processes: immune-mediated inflammatory demyelination and progressive degeneration with axonal loss. Despite recent progress in our understanding and management of MS, availability of sensitive and specific biomarkers for these both processes, as well as neuroprotective therapeutic options targeted at progressive phase of disease, are still being sought. Given their abundance in the myelin sheath, lipids are believed to play a central role in underlying immunopathogenesis in MS and seem to be a promising subject of investigation in this field. On the basis of our previous research and a review of the literature, we discuss the current understanding of lipid-related mechanisms involved in active relapse, remission, and progression of MS. These insights highlight potential usefulness of lipid markers in prediction or monitoring the course of MS, particularly in its progressive stage, still insufficiently addressed. Furthermore, they raise hope for new, effective, and stage-specific treatment options, involving lipids as targets or carriers of therapeutic agents.

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Vorobyov, Valery, Aleksey Manakov, Anatoly Reger, and Iuliia Tanaino. "Optimization of processes in railways based on the cost management model." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821602009.

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The main aim of activities of the branches of vertically integrated Russian Railways JSC is enhancing of manageability and efficiency of business operations. At the current stage, the issue of optimization of costs for product transportation and facilities maintenance in the system of production and technological processes of the railway network has gained relevance. The purpose of this study is development of a mathematical model for the logistic system of transportation, storage, cargo-handling operations, facilities maintenance and reconstruction. Methods of spatial and dynamic modeling in the structure of end-to-end planning of operations were used in the study. Optimization criterion is aggregate cost minimization. Cost function is proposed in the form of local functions of multiple sections along the railway network. The modeling result consists in determining the plans of transportation and supply with minimum costs.

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Filatov, Maxim, Yulia Khramova, and Maria Semenova. "Molecular Mechanisms of Prophase I Meiotic Arrest Maintenance and Meiotic Resumption in Mammalian Oocytes." Reproductive Sciences 26, no. 11 (March 27, 2018): 1519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1933719118765974.

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Mechanisms of meiotic prophase I arrest maintenance (germinal vesicle [GV] stage) and meiotic resumption (germinal vesicle breakdown [GVBD] stage) in mammalian oocytes seem to be very complicated. These processes are regulated via multiple molecular cascades at transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels, and many of them are interrelated. There are many molecular cascades of meiosis maintaining and meiotic resumption in oocyte which are orchestrated by multiple molecules produced by pituitary gland and follicular cells. Furthermore, many of these molecular cascades are duplicated, thus ensuring the stability of the entire system. Understanding mechanisms of oocyte maturation is essential to assess the oocyte status, develop effective protocols of oocyte in vitro maturation, and design novel contraceptive drugs. Mechanisms of meiotic arrest maintenance at prophase I and meiotic resumption in mammalian oocytes are covered in the present article.

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Kleinman, Matthew R., Hansem Sohn, and Daeyeol Lee. "A two-stage model of concurrent interval timing in monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1068–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00375.2016.

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Accurate timing is critical for a wide range of cognitive processes and behaviors. In addition, complex environments frequently necessitate the simultaneous timing of multiple intervals, and behavioral performance in concurrent timing can constrain formal models of timing behavior and provide important insights into the corresponding neural mechanisms. However, the accuracy of such concurrent timing has not been rigorously examined. We developed a novel behavioral paradigm in which rhesus monkeys were incentivized to time two independent intervals. The onset asynchrony of two overlapping intervals varied randomly, thereby discouraging the animals from adopting any habitual responses. We found that only the first response for each interval was strongly indicative of the internal timing of that interval, consistent with previous findings and a two-stage model. In addition, the temporal precision of the first response was comparable in the single-interval and concurrent-interval conditions, although the first saccade to the second interval tended to occur sooner than in the single-interval condition. Finally, behavioral responses during concurrent timing could be well accounted for by a race between two independent stochastic processes resembling those in the single-interval condition. The fact that monkeys can simultaneously monitor and respond to multiple temporal intervals indicates that the neural mechanisms for interval timing must be sufficiently flexible for concurrent timing.

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Mujib, Mujib. "Penjenjangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Berdasarkan Teori Bloom Ditinjau Dari Kecerdasan Multiple Intelligences." Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v2i1.3534.

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This study aims to see how the mathematical model of critical thinking skills is based on Bloom theory in terms of Multiple Intelligences intelligence, namely Students have Linguistic Intelligences, Logical-Mathematical and Spatial Intelligence Intelligence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Subjects taken in this study were using purpose sampling techniques. Data collection techniques used are tests, questionnaires, observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. Each Multiple Intelligences intelligence is capable of observing, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. Based on the tests and interviews the characteristics seen are at the stage of observing, understanding and applying. Not able to analyze, evaluate and be creative. Students who have a tendency to Linguistic Intelligence Intelligence processes the process of critical thinking mathematically has the stages of Lower Order Thinking (LOT). Students who have Spatial Intelligence Intelligence stages of critical thinking skills are mathematical, namely at the stage of observing, understanding, applying analysis and evaluation. At the stage of creation, the characteristics of students are not able. Students who have a tendency for Spatial Intelligence intelligence in the process of mathematical critical thinking skills at the level of Middle Order Thinking (MOT). Students who have the type of Logical-mathematical Intelligence Intelligence stage of critical thinking ability that is the stage of observing, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and developing. Students who have the type of Logical-mathematical Intelligence tendencies in the process of mathematical critical thinking abilities at the stages of Higher Order Thinking (HOT).

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Korecká, Lucie, Karel Vytřas, and Zuzana Bílková. "Immunosensors in Early Cancer Diagnostics: From Individual to Multiple Biomarker Assays." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 33 (October 24, 2018): 3973–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171121101245.

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Cancer is a widespread disease characterized by high mortality. To improve the survival rate or facilitate effective therapy, accurate and reliable diagnosis at an early stage is needed. For this reason, there is a continuous push to develop sensitive methods which can be used in cancer diagnosis. Current diagnosis relies on the quantification of cancer biomarkers defined as molecules that are measurable in body fluids or tissues and indicate a change in physiological processes with subsequent pathological manifestations. This contribution reviews recent developments in the area of electrochemical immunosensors applicable for the detection of cancer biomarkers that occur in a wide concentration range including extremely low levels, which are typical for the early stage of the disease. A summary of various antibody labels used for biomarker analysis and combined with electrochemical detection is presented. The potential of multiple biomarker analysis, with its indisputable clinical impact for accurate diagnosis, is also highlighted.

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Xu, Bin, Xu Chen, Xiuhui Huang, and Lili Tao. "A Multistrategy-Based Multiobjective Differential Evolution for Optimal Control in Chemical Processes." Complexity 2018 (September 16, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2317860.

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Optimal control problems with multiple conflicting objectives in chemical processes are quite challenging. To solve such problems, we put forward a multistrategy-based multiobjective differential evolution, in which (1) a hybrid selection strategy is incorporated from the motivation of no single strategy outperforming all other ones in every stage; (2) a multipopulation strategy is applied to represent the main population and current optimum, and a cyclic crowding estimation is developed to maintain these optimum; and (3) a multimutation strategy is constructed to improve both exploration and exploitation ability. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by comparisons with some representative multiobjective evolutionary algorithms over 12 test instances. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is applied to solve 3 multiobjective optimal control problems in chemical processes. The obtained results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for solving multiobjective optimal control problems.

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Yao, Baojin, Mei Zhang, Meixin Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yaozhong Hu, and Yu Zhao. "Transcriptomic characterization elucidates a signaling network that controls antler growth." Genome 61, no. 12 (December 2018): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0241.

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Deer antlers are amazing appendages with the fastest growth rate among mammalian organs. Antler growth is driven by the growth center through a modified endochondral ossification process. Thus, identification of signaling pathways functioning in antler growth center would help us to uncover the underlying molecular mechanism of rapid antler growth. Furthermore, exploring and dissecting the molecular mechanism that regulates antler growth is extremely important and helpful for identifying methods to enhance long bone growth and treat cartilage- and bone-related diseases. In this study, we build a comprehensive intercellular signaling network in antler growth centers from both the slow growth stage and rapid growth stage using a state-of-art RNA-Seq approach. This network includes differentially expressed genes that regulate the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, and adherens junction. These signaling pathways coordinately control multiple biological processes, including chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, matrix homeostasis, mechanobiology, and aging processes, during antler growth in a comprehensive and efficient manner. Therefore, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating antler growth and provides valuable and powerful insight for medical research on therapeutic strategies targeting skeletal disorders and related cartilage and bone diseases.

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Ismail, Hanafy M., Victoria Barton, Matthew Phanchana, Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul, Michael H. L. Wong, Janet Hemingway, Giancarlo A. Biagini, Paul M. O’Neill, and Stephen A. Ward. "Artemisinin activity-based probes identify multiple molecular targets within the asexual stage of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum 3D7." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 8 (February 8, 2016): 2080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600459113.

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The artemisinin (ART)-based antimalarials have contributed significantly to reducing global malaria deaths over the past decade, but we still do not know how they kill parasites. To gain greater insight into the potential mechanisms of ART drug action, we developed a suite of ART activity-based protein profiling probes to identify parasite protein drug targets in situ. Probes were designed to retain biological activity and alkylate the molecular target(s) of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 parasites in situ. Proteins tagged with the ART probe can then be isolated using click chemistry before identification by liquid chromatography–MS/MS. Using these probes, we define an ART proteome that shows alkylated targets in the glycolytic, hemoglobin degradation, antioxidant defense, and protein synthesis pathways, processes essential for parasite survival. This work reveals the pleiotropic nature of the biological functions targeted by this important class of antimalarial drugs.

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Enders, Michael, Thorsten Heider, Andreas Ludwig, and Stefanie Kuerten. "Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051663.

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Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pathways may present a promising therapeutic approach for these diseases. This review provides an overview on calcium channels in neurons and glial cells. Special emphasis is put on MS, a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS. While the initial relapsing-remitting stage of MS can be treated effectively with immune modulatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the subsequent progressive stage has remained largely untreatable. Here we summarize several approaches that have been and are currently being tested for their neuroprotective capacities in MS and we discuss which role calcium could play in this regard.

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Cesaroni, Francesca Maria, Annalisa Sentuti, and Maria Gabriella Pediconi. "Fading and transformation: how a woman entrepreneur's multiple identities interact throughout her life." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 1033–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2020-0239.

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PurposeThis paper aims to further the understanding of women entrepreneurs' multiple identities by exploring how they interact throughout women's life cycles.Design/methodology/approachThis article combines a case study and a narrative analysis to investigate the experience of a woman who founded a business and retired after passing it on to her son. Data were collected by combining two different methods: biographical interview and follow-up interviews or conversations.FindingsFindings show that interactions between a woman entrepreneur's multiple identities may evolve through two main processes of change: transformation and fading. In the transformation process, adverse interactions between identities turn into synergistic and fruitful relationships. In the fading process, conflicts between identities gradually disappear, giving way to peaceful coexistence. Women's agency proves paramount in making these processes possible and helping her achieve personal and professional fulfillment.Originality/valueIn prior studies, women entrepreneurs have mostly been observed at a specific time or stage in their life and entrepreneurial experience. This paper responds to the call for the adoption of a dynamic perspective in the analysis of interactions among a woman entrepreneur's multiple identities so as to show how they may evolve during her entrepreneurial experience.

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Jachimowski, Roland, Piotr Gołębiowski, Mariusz Izdebski, Dariusz Pyza, and Emilian Szczepański. "Designing and efficiency of database for simulation of processes in systems. Case study for the simulation of warehouse processes." Archives of Transport 41, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7380.

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The basis of each IT system is data exchange both between individual modules of program and between program and user. The number of exchanged data and the number of operations on the data, which should be performed, require application of professional tools allowing for collecting and performing operations on multiple types of data. One of these tools are databases, which are an essential part of any IT system. With database designing are connected many decision problems which can occur both during the construction of database management system and at the stage of integration of entire user application with developed database. The article presents typical decision problems connected with designing of databases. These problems mainly concern sphere of information technology (including the programming language or recovery mechanism of database after the failure). Database architecture for typical IT system from the point of view possible paths for users were discussed, and role of catalogues played in development of database were presented. In addition, modular structure of the database, which was developed for the system SIMMAG3D for modelling and visualization of warehouse facilities in 3D was shown. This system is being developed under a project financed by the National Centre for Research and Development. We discussed in detail one of the essential elements in developed database - catalogues of means of external and internal transport, non-mechanical equipment and accessories which are essential from the point of view of the work load.

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Gao, Junxia, Fenghe Wu, Jun Tang, and Zichun Geng. "A Method of Two-Stage Pressure Control Based on Multistage Orifices." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020589.

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The interaction of pressure and flow in a hydraulic system with multiple working conditions, multiple actuators, and large flow limits action adjustment and control. Through a pilot pressure control circuit, hydraulically operated valves can adjust pressure or direction more effectively. A recent study proposed a two-stage pressure control method based on multistage orifices and solenoid valves. The requirements of the number and diameter ratio of short orifices in the series to realize the two-stage pressure control were theoretically analyzed. Scheme design and experiment were carried out. The influence of structures of complex flow channel and solenoid valve on the higher or lower pilot control pressure was considered in the experiment. The method was experimentally verified and successfully applied in a turbine electrohydraulic control system with lower maintenance costs, making the system more reliable in the case of electrical failure. Research results provide insight into pilot pressure control in fluid systems using multistage orifices to achieve either higher or lower pressure. In addition, it has important guiding significance for the design of valves or engineering systems based on pilot hydraulic pressure.

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Miller, David L., David Fifield, Ewan Wakefield, and Douglas B. Sigourney. "Extending density surface models to include multiple and double-observer survey data." PeerJ 9 (September 2, 2021): e12113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12113.

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Spatial models of density and abundance are widely used in both ecological research (e.g., to study habitat use) and wildlife management (e.g., for population monitoring and environmental impact assessment). Increasingly, modellers are tasked with integrating data from multiple sources, collected via different observation processes. Distance sampling is an efficient and widely used survey and analysis technique. Within this framework, observation processes are modelled via detection functions. We seek to take multiple data sources and fit them in a single spatial model. Density surface models (DSMs) are a two-stage approach: first accounting for detectability via distance sampling methods, then modelling distribution via a generalized additive model. However, current software and theory does not address the issue of multiple data sources. We extend the DSM approach to accommodate data from multiple surveys, collected via conventional distance sampling, double-observer distance sampling (used to account for incomplete detection at zero distance) and strip transects. Variance propagation ensures that uncertainty is correctly accounted for in final estimates of abundance. Methods described here are implemented in the dsm R package. We briefly analyse two datasets to illustrate these new developments. Our new methodology enables data from multiple distance sampling surveys of different types to be treated in a single spatial model, enabling more robust abundance estimation, potentially over wider geographical or temporal domains.

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Alafchi, Behnaz, Hossein Mahjub, Leili Tapak, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, and Mohammad Ali Amirzargar. "Two-Stage Joint Model for Multivariate Longitudinal and Multistate Processes, with Application to Renal Transplantation Data." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641602.

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In longitudinal studies, clinicians usually collect longitudinal biomarkers’ measurements over time until an event such as recovery, disease relapse, or death occurs. Joint modeling approaches are increasingly used to study the association between one longitudinal and one survival outcome. However, in practice, a patient may experience multiple disease progression events successively. So instead of modeling of a single event, progression of the disease as a multistate process should be modeled. On the other hand, in such studies, multivariate longitudinal outcomes may be collected and their association with the survival process is of interest. In the present study, we applied a joint model of various longitudinal biomarkers and transitions between different health statuses in patients who underwent renal transplantation. The full joint likelihood approaches are faced with the complexities in computation of the likelihood. So, here, we have proposed two-stage modeling of multivariate longitudinal outcomes and multistate conditions to avoid these complexities. The proposed model showed reliable results compared to the joint model in case of joint modeling of univariate longitudinal biomarker and the multistate process.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple-stage processes'

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