Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple scale process'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple scale process"
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Sembiring, Jaka, and Kageo Akizuki. "Realization of Multi-Scale Stochastic Process on Multiple Tree." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 120, no. 2 (2000): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.120.2_194.
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Blöschl, Günter. "Flood generation: process patterns from the raindrop to the ocean." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 9 (May 12, 2022): 2469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2469-2022.
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Abstract. This article reviews river flood generation processes and flow paths across space scales. The scale steps include the pore, profile, hillslope, catchment, regional and continental scales, representing a scale range of a total of 10 orders of magnitude. Although the processes differ between the scales, there are notable similarities. At all scales, there are media patterns that control the flow of water and are themselves influenced by the flow of water. The processes are therefore not spatially random (as in thermodynamics) but organized, and preferential flow is the rule rather than the exception. Hydrological connectivity, i.e. the presence of coherent flow paths, is an essential characteristic at all scales. There are similar controls on water flow and thus on flood generation at all scales but with different relative magnitudes. Processes at lower scales affect flood generation at larger scales, not simply as a multiple repetition of pore-scale processes but through interactions which cause emergent behaviour of process patterns. For this reason, when modelling these processes, the scale transitions need to be simplified in a way that reflects the relevant structures (e.g. connectivity) and boundary conditions (e.g. groundwater table) at each scale. In conclusion, it is argued that upscaling as the mere multiple application of small-scale process descriptions will not capture the larger-scale patterns of flood generation. Instead, there is a need to learn from observed patterns of flood generation processes at all spatial scales.
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Simms, Cormac, and Jasbir Singh. "Rapid Process Development and Scale-Up Using A Multiple Reactor System." Organic Process Research & Development 4, no. 6 (November 2000): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op000049p.
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Klafke, Karina, Marcio Martinello Sanches, William Sihler, Marlinda Lobo de Souza, and Aldo Tonso. "Bioreactor Production Process of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Biopesticide." Pathogens 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081001.
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Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) is one of the most important maize pests in the world and the baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), a natural pathogen of this pest, has been used as a biopesticide for its control. At present, in vivo strategies at the commercial scale are employed by multiplying the virus in the host insect in biofactory facilities; however, in vitro large-scale production is an interesting alternative to overcome the limitations of baculoviruses massal production. This study aimed to develop the process of the SfMNPV in vitro production by evaluating the effects of different multiplicities of infection (MOI) and nutritional supplements, morphological and molecular analysis of the infection on the growth of Sf9 cells and virus production. The Bioreactor Stirred Tank Reactor (STR) approach with glutamine-supplemented Sf-900 III serum free culture medium, combined with the MOI of 1.0, showed the best viral production performance, with a specific productivity above 300 occlusion bodies (OBs)/cell and volumetric productivity of 9.0 × 1011 OBs/L.
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Xu, Yigang, Yifei Du, Yong Zeng, and Shiming Li. "Flexible Manufacturing of Continuous Process Enterprises with Large Scale and Multiple Products." Technology and Investment 04, no. 01 (2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ti.2013.41006.
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Xu, Jianhua, Yiwen Xu, and Chunan Song. "An Integrative Approach to Understand the Climatic-Hydrological Process: A Case Study of Yarkand River, Northwest China." Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/272715.
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Taking the Yarkand River as an example, this paper conducted an integrative approach combining the Durbin-Watson statistic test (DWST), multiple linear regression (MLR), wavelet analysis (WA), coefficient of determination (CD), and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to analyze the climatic-hydrological process of inland river, Northwest China from a multitime scale perspective. The main findings are as follows. (1) The hydrologic and climatic variables, that is, annual runoff (AR), annual average temperature, (AAT) and annual precipitation (AP), are stochastic and, no significant autocorrelation. (2) The variation patterns of runoff, temperature, and precipitation were scale dependent in time. AR, AAT, and AP basically present linear trends at 16-year and 32-year scales, but they show nonlinear fluctuations at 2-year and 4-year scales. (3) The relationship between AR with AAT and AP was simulated by the multiple linear regression equation (MLRE) based on wavelet analysis at each time scale. But the simulated effect at a larger time scale is better than that at a smaller time scale.
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Xie, Eric, Colin Cook, L. Grayson-Warren, and Jason Benkoski. "Novel surfactant self-assembly process generates multi-scale surface topographies for stem cell growth and differentiation." Chemical Industry 72, no. 2 (2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind170508020x.
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Topographical features on a substrate can greatly influence stem cell fate through contact guidance. While the response of stem cells to topography at the nano-, micro-, and meso-scale has been studied extensively, little is known about the interplay of surface features acting simultaneously across multiple length scales. A limiting factor has been the availability of high throughput methods for probing the potentially unlimited parameter space. Herein we describe a facile method for rapidly generating a hierarchy of multi-scaled topographical features on polymer substrates via the self-assembly of surfactants at the monomer/water interface. Having previously assembled polydimethylsiloxane-diacrylate (PDMS-DA) into surfaces resembling multiple tissue morphologies, the current study refines this method to produce biocompatible substrates. To manage the large parameter space, we limit the scope of this study to surface features spanning nanometer (< 1 ?m) and micrometer (1-50 ?m) length scales, which arise both individually and in combination. Adipose-derived stem cells were plated onto five surface types and their morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were assessed after non-inductive and osteogenic culture. We observed statistically significant differences in cellular responses to each surface. Among our observations, the increased osteogenesis of cells on surfaces with nano-scaled features superimposed over micro-scaled features suggests that such hierarchical surface structure mediates the osteogenic properties of a surface.
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Díaz-Pernas, Francisco J., Míriam Antón-Rodríguez, Mario Martínez-Zarzuela, J. Fernando Díez-Higuera, David González-Ortega, and Daniel Boto-Giralda. "Multiple scale neural architecture for enhancing regions in the colour image segmentation process." Expert Systems 28, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2010.00543.x.
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Jurtz, Nico, Urvashi Srivastava, Alireza Attari Moghaddam, and Matthias Kraume. "Particle-Resolved Computational Fluid Dynamics as the Basis for Thermal Process Intensification of Fixed-Bed Reactors on Multiple Scales." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102913.
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Process intensification of catalytic fixed-bed reactors is of vital interest and can be conducted on different length scales, ranging from the molecular scale to the pellet scale to the plant scale. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to characterize different reactor designs regarding optimized heat transport characteristics on the pellet scale. Packings of cylinders, Raschig rings, four-hole cylinders, and spheres were investigated regarding their impact on bed morphology, fluid dynamics, and heat transport, whereby for the latter particle shape, the influence of macroscopic wall structures on the radial heat transport was also studied. Key performance indicators such as the global heat transfer coefficient and the specific pressure drop were evaluated to compare the thermal performance of the different designs. For plant-scale intensification, effective transport parameters that are needed for simplified pseudo-homogeneous two-dimensional plug flow models were determined from the CFD results, and the accuracy of the simplified modeling approach was judged.
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Ban, Yuseok, and Kyungjae Lee. "Multi-Scale Ensemble Learning for Thermal Image Enhancement." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062810.
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In this study, we propose a multi-scale ensemble learning method for thermal image enhancement in different image scale conditions based on convolutional neural networks. Incorporating the multiple scales of thermal images has been a tricky task so that methods have been individually trained and evaluated for each scale. However, this leads to the limitation that a network properly operates on a specific scale. To address this issue, a novel parallel architecture leveraging the confidence maps of multiple scales have been introduced to train a network that operates well in varying scale conditions. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms the conventional thermal image enhancement methods. The evaluation is presented both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple scale process"
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Orsoni, Alessandra. "Dynamic process simulation for the design of complex large-scale systems with respect to the performance of multiple interdependent production processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47907.
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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-255).
This research developed a methodology to assess the design of complex large-scale products with respect to the performance of their production processes. In complex large-scale projects, physical and functional relationships among the product systems and components, along with concurrency and co-location of their production processes, generate inter-system process dependencies that drive the relative production rates among the systems. The methodology links the complexity of the product to the complexity of the production process at the level of detail of the single component and task to model the impacts of inter-system process dependencies on production performance. This detailed focus makes the methodology highly responsive to changes in design and technology and able to capture primary, secondary and tertiary impacts of change on production performance. Based on the methodology, a dynamic process simulation model has been developed to systematically assess different combinations of design and technology alternatives across multiple dimensions of production performance. Performance measures include project duration, costs, resource utilization and index of workers' exposure to dangerous conditions. Simulated scenario testing based on actual data from a construction project, the renovation of Baker House (MIT building W7), demonstrates that 1) inter-system process dependencies strongly influence production performance, 2) these links build their dynamic effects on production performance at the detailed task and component level, and 3) the nature of the links and their spatial and temporal location vary as changes are introduced in the design and in the production specifications. One important consequence is that the specification and optimization of the production processes for product systems and components as separate from one another leads to solutions that may be sub-optimal for the performance of the whole project. In addition, the specification and the representation of complex production processes at the aggregate level fails to capture important impacts of design and technology changes and, thus, leads to inconsistent duration and cost estimates.
by Alessandra Orsoni.
Sc.D.
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Sandberg, Pontus. "A work process supporting the implementation of smart factory technologies developed in smart factory compliant laboratory environment." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44257.
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The industry is facing major challenges today. The challenges are tougher global competition, customers who require individualized products and shorter product lifecycles. The predicted industrial revolution is a way to deal with these challenges. Industry 4.0 includes strategies linked to several technologies that will meet the new needs. Smart factory is a central concept in industry 4.0, which involves connected technologies of various kinds. Such as digital manufacturing technology, network communication technology, computer technology, automation technology and several other areas. In this work, these were defined as smart factory technologies. Implementing such technologies will result in improved flexibility, resource productivity and efficiency, quality, etc. But, implementing smart factory technologies poses major challenges for the companies. Laboratory environments can be utilized to address the challenges. This results in a new problem, how to transfer a smart factory technology developed in a laboratory environment to a full-scale production system. In the literature study no, structured approach was identified to handle this challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to: create a work process that supports the technology transfer from a smart factory compliant laboratory environment to a full-scale production system. To justify the purpose, the following research questions were answered: RQ1: What are the differences in the operating environment between the laboratory and the full-scale production system? RQ2: How is a smart factory technology determined ready to be implemented into a full-scale production system? RQ3: What critical factors should a work process for the implementation of smart factory technologies include? The research questions were answered by conducting a multiple-case study in collaboration with Scania CV AB. During the case studies, interviews, observations and other relevant types of data collection were conducted. The results were as follows: RQ1: How difficult it is to transfer a technology from a laboratory environment to a full-scale production system depends on how large the differences between these are. The general difference is that laboratory environments are used to experiment and develop technologies and a full-scale production system is used to produce products. Some want the laboratory environment to be an exact copy of a full-scale production system, but this is not appropriate because it means you lose the freedom of experimentation and it would be much more expensive. RQ2: Determining whether a smart factory technology is ready consists of two parts, laboratory activities and pilot testing. A structured assessment method has been developed. The laboratory operations reduce the risks and contribute to raising the degree of maturity of the technology. In pilot testing, it is important not to interfere with the full-scale production system stability. This is the reason for doing pilot testing in a delimited area first and checking that the technology works as desired. RQ3: The critical factors identified were: competence and knowledge, technology contributing to improvements, considering risks with implementation, cost versus potential improvement, clear goals and reason for implementation and communication.
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Violas, Antoine. "Disperser l'eau dans une matière grasse solide : des mécanismes élémentaires qu procédé industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP077.
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Le développement de produits ayant un taux de matière grasse réduit est, tant d’un point de vue économique que nutritionnel, un enjeu majeur. La réduction de ce taux peut être réalisée à travers la dispersion d’une phase aqueuse dans la matière grasse initiale. Cette dispersion est couramment réalisée industriellement par mélange en voie liquide, mais le recours à des tensioactifs est nécessaire au maintien d’une émulsion stable. Une autre alternative peut être trouvée dans l’incorporation d’eau à l’intérieur de la matière grasse dans son état partiellement cristallisé. Cette méthode tire avantage de l’extrême viscosité de la matrice grasse lorsqu’une partie de celle-ci est à l’état solide, permettant une émulsion homogène, finement dispersée et stable aux temps longs sans ajout de tensioactifs. Le mélange de l’eau dans cette matrice grasse ouvre des questions sur la dispersion et la fragmentation d’un fluide faiblement visqueux dans un fluide extrêmement visqueux. Il représente également un défi technologique.Les travaux de cette thèse ont porté sur l'incorporation d'eau par fragmentation dans une matière grasse partiellement cristallisée, en considérant le beurre comme système modèle. Cette étude a nécessité le développement puis l’utilisation d’un dispositif de mélange à l’échelle laboratoire, conjointement à des mélangeurs à l’échelle pilote. La mésostructure résultante a pu être étudiée grâce à l’utilisation de la µ-tomographie aux rayons X, permettant une mesure en trois dimensions des caractéristiques de la dispersion. L'étude des mécanismes d’incorporation et de fragmentation des gouttes d'eau dans la matière grasse a permis de guider le dimensionnement d'un procédé continu à l’échelle industrielle. Enfin, les propriétés d’usage (exsudation, texture …) ont été étudiées sur des beurres préparés aux deux échelles, ce qui a permis de mieux comprendre leur dépendance aux conditions de mélange et de stockageFrom both an economic and nutritional point of view, the development of products with a reduced fat content is a major challenge. This can be achieved by dispersing an aqueous phase in the initial fat. This dispersion is usually achieved industrially by liquid mixing, but surfactants are needed to maintain a stable emulsion.Another alternative is to incorporate water into the fat in its partially crystallized state. This method takes advantage of the extreme viscosity of the fat matrix when part of it is in a solid state, enabling a homogeneous, finely dispersed emulsion that is stable over long timescales without the addition of surfactants.The mixing of water in this fatty matrix raises questions about the dispersion and fragmentation of a low-viscosity fluid in an extremely viscous one. It also represents a technological challenge.This thesis focused on the incorporation of water by fragmentation into a partially crystallized fat, using butter as a model system. This study involved the development and use of a laboratory-scale mixing device, in conjunction with pilot-scale mixers. The resulting mesostructure was studied using X-ray µ-tomography, enabling three-dimensional measurement of dispersion characteristics. The study of the mechanisms of incorporation and fragmentation of water droplets in the fat was used to guide the dimensioning of a continuous process on an industrial scale. Finally, usage properties (exudation, texture, etc.) were studied on butters prepared on both scales, providing a better understanding of their dependence on mixing and storage conditions
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Hyrenbach, Karl David. "Marine bird distribution and abundance off southern California : pattern and process at multiple scales /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035415.
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Chen, Bo. "Analysis of hydrologic systems at multiple spatial scales and its implications for aggregating hydrologic process." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4590.
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Distributed hydrologic modeling under the changing climate and environment is hampered by the difficulties in the representation of small scale variability. Identifying and understanding the links between spatial patterns of hydrologic processes at various scales may shed light on the search for simpler and yet effective representations of variability. The main objective of this thesis is to gain useful insight for the spatial aggregation of hydrologic processes by analyzing hydrologic systems at multiple spatial scales and conducting diagnostic simulations across scales. We first identified patterns of hydrologic processes by 1) comparing the surface runoff hydrographs (area-averaged discharges) from 12 hillslopes (0.5˜3 ha) with spatial proximity in agricultural land in Iowa over 72 runoff events; and 2) analyzing˜1000 recession curves observed in the nested Iowa and Cedar River basins (7~17000km2) over the period of 1988-2012 using consistent methods. We then used recession as an example to run diagnostic simulations in the Cedar River basins to reproduce the observed spatial patterns of hydrologic responses. The success allows us to decipher the link between the spatial pattern of processes at the small scale and that at larger scales. Results from this thesis demonstrate the usefulness of the "multiscale-analysis" approach and show that accounting for both the organization and randomness of the processes variability at the small scale can shape the hydrologic response at larger scales.
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Ohlsson, Henrik. "Mathematical Analysis of a Biological Clock Model." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6750.
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Have you thought of why you get tired or why you get hungry? Something in your body keeps track of time. It is almost like you have a clock that tells you all those things.
And indeed, in the suparachiasmatic region of our hypothalamus reside cells which each act like an oscillator, and together form a coherent circadian rhythm to help our body keep track of time. In fact, such circadian clocks are not limited to mammals but can be found in many organisms including single-cell, reptiles and birds. The study of such rhythms constitutes a field of biology, chronobiology, and forms the background for my research and this thesis.
Pioneers of chronobiology, Pittendrigh and Aschoff, studied biological clocks from an input-output view, across a range of organisms by observing and analyzing their overt activity in response to stimulus such as light. Their study was made without recourse to knowledge of the biological underpinnings of the circadian pacemaker. The advent of the new biology has now made it possible to "break open the box" and identify biological feedback systems comprised of gene transcription and protein translation as the core mechanism of a biological clock.
My research has focused on a simple transcription-translation clock model which nevertheless possesses many of the features of a circadian pacemaker including its entrainability by light. This model consists of two nonlinear coupled and delayed differential equations. Light pulses can reset the phase of this clock, whereas constant light of different intensity can speed it up or slow it down. This latter property is a signature property of circadian clocks and is referred to in chronobiology as "Aschoff's rule". The discussion in this thesis focus on develop a connection and also a understanding of how constant light effect this clock model.
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Krawchuk, Margaret Annabelle. "Movement and distribution of three species of inquiline insects in boreal boglands, process and pattern at multiple spatial scales." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58427.pdf.
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Foxcroft, Llewellyn Courtney. "Pattern and process of plant invasion in an African savanna ecosystem, with emphasis on multiple spatial and temporal scales." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8918.
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Includes bibliographical references.Biological invasions are a significant ecological and economic global crisis. Protected areas also suffer from the increased burden that invasions place on their resources and the impacts placed on the ecosystem. However, management requires an ecological foundation which can inform best practice and optimize its responses. l explored the patterns and processes of invasion in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa; a large national park situated in the Lowveld savanna ecosystem. l used spatially-explicit alien plant data at various scales from a national database, the whole of KNP, a specific region, river system, and small scale plots in one invaded area of KNP. Using various statistical techniques, primarily classification and regression tree analysis, logistic regression, ANOVA, Nestedness and spatial pattern analysis, I assessed the relationship between the patterns observed at a specific spatial grain and extent, discussing the implications for invasion ecology and management. Using this knowledge and conceptual tools, I developed a new framework and model which contributes to invasion theory. Scale is a critical component in evaluating alien plant invasions. Without careful consideration of scale, studies from different scenarios cannot be compared and the science of invasion ecology will not advance. I provide a framework for assessing the risks of plant invasions in a watershed, using both an area- and species-approach, highlighting areas of current and future potential concern. I also explore the role of intentional introduction of ornamental plants and discuss management approaches for dealing with this. Evaluating a riparian system provides insights into how different patches in a landscape are differentially invaded, and how patch type characteristics need to be considered carefully for management and monitoring. I also describe how reconstructing the invasion history of a species, complemented by fine scale assessment, provides insights into species-specific spread models, and also how these types of studies can input into general theories, such as the role of propagule pressure. These components together provide insight into the dynamics of alien plant invasions in an African savanna and protected area system.
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Llena, Hernando Manel. "Geomorphic responses to natural and human disturbances in a mountain catchment at multiple temporal and spatial scales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668358.
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Aquesta tesis es centra en l’estudi de la transferència d’aigua i sediments des de les àrees font de sediments fins les zones de sedimentació a múltiples escales temporals (des de dades amb una freqüència de cinc minuts fins informació de tot un segle) i espacials (des de vessants fins a conques), i les seves implicacions en la morfologia de la llera de la conca de l’Alt Cinca, una conca de muntanya localitzada al vessant sud dels Pirineus. A escala de micro-conca, les dades d’alta resolució obtingudes durant 5 anys en dos badlands contrastats (0.3 ha cadascun) revelen com la pluja controla els processos erosius associats a l’escolament superficial, m’entre que les baixes temperatures tenen una relació significativa amb els processos de moviments en massa. La morfometria d’aquestes superfícies, conjuntament amb la cobertura vegetal són factors clau que determinen els principals processos geomorfològics i els associats canvis topogràfics. Els principals processos observats han estat seqüències d’Erosió i Sedimentació (Cutting and Filling) i Moviments Gravitacionals (Mass Wasting). Tot i que els badlands tenen un paper important en la producció de sediments, el balanç de sediments de la conca del riu Soto (10 km2) indica que aquestes superfícies no sempre controlen l’exportació de sediments a la sortida de petites conques de muntanya amb caràcter intermitent. Aquest fet és degut a la fluctuació de la connectivitat funcional de la xarxa de drenatge causada per la freqüència i magnitud dels polsos d’aigua i sediments durant crescudes sobtades o flashy. La xarxa de drenatge actua com a font i zona d’emmagatzematge de sediments i es clau per entendre les marcades diferències que hi ha en la proporció del sediment que s’exporta en relació a la producció o també anomenat Sediment Delivery Ratio. Els canvis en els usos de sòl en moltes conques de muntanya constatats des de els anys 50 del segle XX tenen un efecte directe en la generació d’escolament (quantitat i magnitud) i en la producció de sediments. La majoria de la superfície de la conca de l’Alt Cinca (1565 km2) ha sofert aforestació, que ha resultat en una reducció de la connectivitat sedimentaria estructural. La construcció de terrasses afecta la connectivitat molt més que els canvis en la coberta del sòl. Les terrasses generalment redueixen la connectivitat degut a l’establiment de zones planes entre mig de zones en pendent. Contràriament, a una escala més local, les terrasses poden incrementar la connectivitat degut a la convergència de flux produïda per les pròpies estructures, o per la caiguda d’aquestes degut a l’abandonament. La construcció de carreteres modifica el pendent i la xarxa de drenatge, fet que comportarà canvis en la connectivitat estructural, que a la vegada poden afectar els processos erosius en les zones veïnes. Així, els fluxos d’aigua i sediments a la conca de l’Alt Cinca han estat àmpliament modificats durant l’últim segle, amb implicacions directes en la forma de la llera. A més a més, impactes locals derivats de les extraccions d’àrids, construcció d’esculleres i embasaments també han condicionat la dinàmica sedimentaria d’aquest riu, amb un impacte directe sobre la morfologia. Aquesta situació ha generat una metamorfosis de la morfologia del riu en la part baixa de l’Alt Cinca (12 km), canviant d’un patró trenat, molt dinàmic, a un patró més estable amb una tendència cap a canal únic. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que el tram d’estudi està assolint un nou equilibri morfo-sedimentari imposat pels canvis en els fluxos d’aigua i sediments ocorreguts en el darrer segle, incloent les pertorbacions antròpiques que han modificat la geometria del canal i les característiques morfològiques de la llera. S’han observat un total de tres fases en la seva evolució: abans de l’any 1927, el tram d’estudi es trobava en una situació de quasi-equilibri majoritàriament condicionada per les riuades. Entre l’any 1927 i 2012 el riu s’ha ajustat a les diferents pertorbacions que ha tingut a múltiples escales temporals i espacials. Aquest ajust s’ha portat a terme mitjançant dos canvis contrastats en les característiques morfològiques. Finalment, després de l’any 2012, els resultats indiquen que el riu pot haver assolit de nou un nou equilibri, ajustant-se als fluxos d’aigua i sediment imposats i a la nova configuració del canal. Aquesta tesis presenta innovadors mètodes quantitatius per a l’estudi de la producció de sediments i la transferència entre els diferents compartiments de les conques fluvials. La principal novetat en la majoria dels capítols de la tesis recau en l’elevada resolució, de les dades obtingudes, tant temporal com espacial. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi permeten entendre millor el funcionament dels sistemes fluvials i la seva evolució, aspectes claus per donar suport en la millora i gestió de conques hidrogràfiques de muntanya.Esta tesis se centra en el estudio de la transferencia de agua y sedimentos desde las áreas fuente de sedimentos hasta las áreas de sedimentación a múltiples escales temporales (desde datos con una frecuencia de cinco minutos hasta información de un siglo) y espaciales (desde laderas hasta cuencas), y sus implicaciones en la morfología del cauce en la Cuenca del Alto Cinca (vertiente sur de los Pirineos). A escala de micro-cuenca, los datos de alta resolución obtenidos durante 5 años en dos badlands contrastados (0.3 ha cada uno) revelan como la lluvia controla los procesos erosivos asociados a la escorrentía superficial, mientras que las bajas temperaturas tienen una relación significativa con los procesos de movimientos en masa. La morfometría de estas superficies, conjuntamente con la cobertura vegetal, son factores clave que determinan los principales procesos geomorfológicos y los cambios topográficos asociados. Los principales procesos observados han sido secuencias de Erosión y Sedimentación (Cutting and Filling) y Movimientos Gravitacionales (Mass Wasting). Pese a que los badlands tienen un papel importante en la producción de sedimentos, el balance de sedimentos de la cuenca del rio Soto (10 km2) indica que estas superficies no siempre controlan la exportación de sedimentos a la salida de pequeñas cuencas de montaña con carácter intermitente. Esto principalmente se debe a la fluctuación de la conectividad funcional de la red de drenaje causada por la frecuencia y magnitud de los pulsos de agua y sedimentos durante las crecidas súbitas o flashy. La red de drenaje actúa como fuente y zona de almacenamiento de sedimentos, y es clave para entender las marcadas diferencias que hay en la proporción de sedimento que se exporta en relación a la producción o Sediment Delivery Ratio. Los cambios en los usos del suelo en muchas cuencas de montaña constatados desde los años 50 del siglo XX tienen un efecto directo en la generación de escorrentía (cantidad y magnitud) y en la producción de sedimentos. La mayoría de la superficie de la cuenca del Alto Cinca (1565 km2) ha sufrido forestación, que ha resultado en una reducción de la conectividad sedimentaria estructural. La construcción de terrazas afecta la conectividad mucho más que los cambios en la cobertura del suelo. A una escala más local, las terrazas pueden incrementar la conectividad debido a la convergencia de flujo producida por las propias estructuras, o por la caída de estas debido a su abandono. La construcción de carreteras modifica la pendiente y la red de drenaje, hecho que comporta cambios en la conectividad estructural, que a su vez pueden afectar a los procesos erosivos en las zonas vecinas. Así, los flujos de agua y sedimento en la cuenca del Alto Cinca han estado ampliamente modificados durante el último siglo, con implicaciones directas en la morfología del canal. Además, impactos locales derivados de las extracciones de áridos, construcción de escolleras y embalses también han condicionado la dinámica sedimentaria de este río, con un impacto directo sobre la morfología. Esta situación ha generado una metamorfosis de la morfología del río en la parte baja del Alto Cinca (12 km), cambiando de un patrón trenzado, muy dinámico, a un patrón más estable con una tendencia hacia el canal único. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el tramo de estudio está alcanzando un nuevo equilibrio morfo-sedimentario impuesto por los cambios en los flujos de agua y sedimentos ocurridos durante el último siglo, incluyendo las perturbaciones antrópicas que han modificado la geometría del canal y las características morfológicas del cauce. Se han observado un total de tres fases en su evolución: antes de 1927, el tramo de estudio se encontraba en una situación de casi-equilibrio, mayoritariamente controlada por las crecidas. Entre el año 1927 y 2012 el río se ha ajustado a las diferentes perturbaciones que ha tenido a múltiples escalas temporales y espaciales. Este ajuste se ha llevado a cabo mediante dos cambios contrastados en las características morfológicas. Finalmente, después del año 2012, los resultados indican que el río puede haber alcanzado un nuevo equilibrio, ajustándose a los flujos de agua y sedimento impuestos y la nueva configuración del canal. Esta tesis presenta innovadores métodos cuantitativos para el estudio de la producción de sedimentos y la transferencia entre los diferentes compartimentos de las cuencas fluviales. La principal novedad en la mayoría de los capítulos de la tesis recae en la elevada resolución de los datos obtenidos, tanto temporal como espacial. Los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis permiten entender mejor el funcionamiento de los sistemas fluviales y su evolución, aspectos clave para dar soporte y apoyo en la mejoría y gestión de cuencas hidrográficas de montaña.
This thesis focusses on the study of water and sediment transfer from sources to sinks at multiple temporal (from 5-min data to a century data sets) and spatial (from slope to catchment scales) scales and their implications for channel morphology in the Upper Cinca catchment, a mountain catchment located in the Southern Pyrenees. At the micro-catchment scale, our 5-year High Resolution Data Set of two contrasted badlands (around 0.3 ha each) reveal as rainfall control overland-surface flow processes while low temperatures have a significant relation with mass movement-based processes. Morphometry together with vegetation cover are key factors determining main geomorphic processes and associated topographic changes. Main observed geomorphic processes were Cutting and Filling and Mass Wasting. Although badlands may have an important role on sediment production, the 2-year sediment budget of the Soto catchment (10 km2) indicates that badlands do not always control the export of sediments at the outlet of small intermittent mountain catchments. This is mainly due to the fluctuation of the functional connectivity of the channel network caused by the frequency and magnitude of water and sediment pulses during flashy floods. The channel drainage network acts as sediment source and sink and it is key to understand marked differences in the Sediment Delivery Ration. Land use and cover in many mountain catchments have been modified since the fifties of the 20th century, having a direct effect on runoff and sediment production. Most of the area of the Upper Cinca catchment (1565 km2) has undergone afforestation, which resulted in a decrease of structural sediment connectivity. Terracing affects connectivity much more than changes in land cover. Terraces generally reduce connectivity due to the establishment of flat areas between slopes and, contrarily, locally, may increase connectivity due the convergence produced by the structures or the collapse of terraces due to abandonment. Road construction, however, modify slope and the drainage network, which leads to changes in connectivity that could affect erosional processes in the neighbouring areas. Thus, water and sediment fluxes through the Upper Cinca are spatially and temporal dynamic and have been dramatically modified in the last century, with direct implications on channel morphology. Additionally, localised disturbances such as gravel mining, channel embankments and dams have also impacted on sedimentary dynamics, thus channel morphology. This situation led to a river metamorphosis, changing from a braided pattern to a more static channel towards a wandering pattern. We hypothesise that the lowermost 12-km reach of the Upper Cinca has reaching a new equilibrium imposed by catchment-scale changes of water and sediment fluxes caused by global changes, but also influenced by localised human-disturbances that modify channel geometry and morpho-sedimentary characteristics. Three phases were identified: before 1927, the reach remained in a quasi-equilibrium state imposed, mainly, by water and sediment supply during flood events. During the period 1927-2012 the river adjusted to the disequilibrium imposed by disturbances acting at different temporal and spatial scales, yielding two contrasted channel states. Finally, after 2012, we hypothesise that the river may be reaching again a new equilibrium, adjusting to the imposed water and sediment fluxes and the new channel configuration. This thesis presents some novel quantitative methods for the study of sediment production and transfer between the different compartments of fluvial catchments. The main transversal novelty in all the methods used in each chapter lies in the high resolution of the data obtained. This comprehensive analysis aids at understanding the functioning of the river system and their evolution based on multiple-scale disturbances, which can help to support integrated watershed management practices or plans.
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Mallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. "Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
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Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
Books on the topic "Multiple scale process"
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Alphonce, Christian B. Handling large scale analytic hierarchy process problems. Dublin: University College Dublin, Dept of Management Information Systems, 1995.
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Franz, Carleen, Lee Ascherman, and Julia Shaftel. The Psychoeducational Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195383997.003.0008.
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This chapter describes the content and procedures of a comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation. Components include the referral question, review of records, history, observation, and assessment. Rating scales, standardized tests, and interviews make up the assessment portion of the evaluation process. The entire process must use multiple measures and assess multiple viewpoints and settings. Cognitive, academic, behavioral, social skills, and executive functions may be included in the assessment. A thorough integration of the findings from multiple sources must be accomplished to reach meaningful diagnostic conclusions and determine relevant recommendations. IDEA requirements for school-based evaluation processes are explained and contrasted with independent evaluation methods.
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Puranam, Phanish. Methodologies for Microstructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0009.
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I review developments in theory and methodology that may allow us to begin creating innovative forms of organizing, rather than rest content with studying them after they have emerged. We now have the conceptual and technical apparatus to prototype organization designs at small scale, cheaply and fast. The process of organization re-design can be seen in terms of multiple stages. It begins with careful observation of phenomena. Qualitative or indeed quantitative induction (i.e. data mining) can play a critical role here. Once we have some understanding or at least conjectures about underlying mechanisms, we can use the behavioral lab or an agent-based model to run cheap experiments to adjust the design. Once we have formulated a new design, we may want to run a field experiment with randomization. If the results look satisfactory, we can scale up and implement.
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Beere, Carole A. Gender Roles. Greenwood Press, Inc., 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400655937.
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Beere has produced a new edition of her Women and Women's Issues: A Handbook of Tests and Measurements. Based largely on a search of the PsychLIT and ERIC databases from January 1978 to December 1988, the volume includes information on 211 tests and measures pertaining to gender roles and attitudes towards gender. . . . Particularly useful are chapter reviews of the literature in which the author reviews the quality of available research. Recommended for college and university libraries. Choice This handbook stems, in part, from the author's previously published Women and Women's Issues. Realizing that a book published in 1979 could no longer provide researchers with the up-to-date information they require regarding measures to use in research, Beere set out to revise and update her work. In the process, she soon discovered that the measures identified through her search of the literature produced since her first book was published far exceeds the number that can be realistically described in a single handbook. Thus, she has undertaken a two-volume guide, the first of which, Gender Roles, describes only those measures pertaining to gender roles and attitudes toward gender-related issues. Gender roles are broadly defined to include adults' and children's gender roles, gender stereotypes, marital roles, parental roles, employee roles, and multiple roles. A total of 211 measures are included. In addition to 67 scales still in use that were described in her earlier book, Beere includes scales that are relevant, have evidence of their reliability and/or validity, and are used in more than one published article or ERIC document. If a scale does not satisfy these criteria, but its development is the focus of an article or ERIC document, it is included, as are scales that are unusual or pertain to a topic that would otherwise receive inadequate coverage in this handbook. The scale descriptions follow a standard format that includes the following information: title; author or authors as listed in the earliest publication mentioning the scale; earliest date that the scale is mentioned in a publication; profile of variable being measured; type of instrument; description; sample items; previous and appropriate subjects; scoring information; a description of the development of the measure; information regarding reliability and validity; and a listing of published studies that use the measure. This important new handbook promises to make several important contributions to gender-related research. It will make it easier for researchers to locate quality instruments appropriate for their research, discourage the proliferation of substandard or redundant measures, set some minimal standards for measures used in gender role research, and encourage more research regarding gender roles. All social science libraries will want to find a place for it in their reference collections.
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Tsoukas, Haridimos, Ann Langley, Michael Barrett, and Emmanuelle Vaast, eds. Organizing in the Digital Age. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198899457.001.0001.
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Abstract This book provides a process-oriented perspective to understand the pervasiveness of digitalization in organizations and contemporary society. The ongoing and multiple crises, whether it be the pandemic, the economy, or climate change, have magnified the importance of digital technologies in processes of organizing and accelerated the role of digital transformation in work-life. The central themes underpinning the chapters in this book concern the becoming of digital work, the conceptualization of agency in digital work, and the role of temporality in contemporary organizing. The increasing entanglement of digital technologies and work accelerated through the pandemic have fuelled interest in the need for understanding digital work happening at scale, while also examining and exposing inequalities. The concern with the role of agency in digital work reaches new heights when we consider the rapid and pervasive development and implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and algorithmic control and raises concerns as to the ethical and moral dimension of agency. The third part of the puzzle questions the role of temporality which is at the heart of agency, and puts forward an Ingoldian inspired view of agency as an ongoing temporal flow, and allows for knowledge work to be viewed as human knowledge workers and AI technologies co-responding to each other in harmony
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Berthod, Olivier, Michael Grothe-Hammer, and Jörg Sydow. Inter-organizational ethnography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796978.003.0011.
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Olivier Berthod, Michael Grothe-Hammer, and Jörg Sydow report an unconventional research design using multi-site ethnography. The aim is to study inter-organizational relationships, which are not well understood, and are not addressed by single-site ethnographic methods. Ethnography is a popular and established methodology in organization studies. However, organizing is a process that crosses boundaries, and the traditional approach that involves immersing the ethnographer in one defined social or organizational setting means that inter-organizational phenomena are overlooked. The challenge is to conduct fieldwork at multiple sites, across which inter-organizational relations may be conducted with varying degrees of formality, and be more or less visible. Inter-organizational ethnography thus builds on the combination of several techniques. Four techniques are explored: following boundary objects, capturing network enactments, using several investigators, and repeat interviews. The methodology is illustrated with a study of the network of eighty organizations that deal with large-scale crises and emergencies in Düsseldorf.
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Capriotti, Giuseppe, Pierre-Antoine Fabre, and Sabina Pavone, eds. Eloquent Images. Leuven University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664488.
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Drawing on original research covering different periods and spaces, this book sets out to appreciate the specific place of images in the history of evangelisation in the long modern period. How can we reconceptualise the functions of the visual mediation of the gospel message, both in terms of the production and reception of this message and in terms of its effective mediators, artists, religious, and cultural ambassadors? The contributions in this book offer multiple geographical and historical insights regarding the circulation of the image on the global scale of the Christianised world or the world in the process of being Christianised, from China to Iberia. Combining the contribution of historians and art historians, the authors highlight the points of intercultural encounter and tension around preaching, catechesis, devotional practices and the propagandistic use of images. Through its aesthetic and social study of the image, and by examining the inner and outer borders of Europe and the mission lands, Eloquent Images contributes significantly to the history of evangelisation, one of the major dynamics of the first European globalisation.
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Zerubavel, Eviatar. Generally Speaking. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519271.001.0001.
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Defying the conventional split between “theory” and “methodology,” this book introduces a yet unarticulated and thus far never systematized method of theorizing designed to reveal abstract social patterns. Insisting that such methodology can actually be taught, it tries to make the mental processes underlying the practice of a “concept-driven sociology” more explicit. Many sociologists tend to study the specific, often at the expense of also studying the generic. To correct this imbalance, the book examines the theoretico-methodological process by which we can “distill” generic social patterns from the culturally, historically, and situationally specific contexts in which we encounter them. It thus champions a “generic sociology” that is pronouncedly transcontextual (transcultural, transhistorical, transsituational, and translevel) in its scope. In order to uncover generic, transcontextual social patterns, data need to be collected in a wide range of social contexts. Such contextual diversity is manifested multi-culturally, multihistorically, multisituationally, as well as at multiple levels of social aggregation. True to its message, the book illustrates generic social patterns by drawing on numerous examples from diverse cultural contexts and historical periods and a wide range of diverse social domains, as well as by disregarding scale. Emphasizing cross-contextual commonality, generic sociology tries to reveal formal “parallels” across seemingly disparate contexts. This book features the four main types of cross-contextual analogies generic sociologists tend to use (cross-cultural, cross-historical, cross-domain, and cross-level), disregarding conventionally noted substantive differences in order to note conventionally disregarded formal equivalences.
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Mowatt, Susan. BLACK/TIME/LINES/WHITE/TIME/LINES. University of Edinburgh, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ed.9781836450269.
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The output is a wall mounted artwork consisting of two wooden panels, each measuring 100cm x 100cm x 6cm, covered in vertical woven strips. The strips are long and narrow, woven on two warps using wool, linen, cotton, mohair, acrylic, chenille, silk, and polyester thread. The research challenges conventional understandings of tapestry and its historical associations, and explores its significance as an action in the 21st century. Mowatt invests the act of weaving itself to test the limits of weaving and its relations to painting, drawing, performance and installation art. The output was a large-scale work that consists, unusually, of multiple, discontinuous, woven elements, constructed using an innovative self-taught technique that uses a continuous weft thread woven on the absolute minimum of warp threads (two). The methodology employed challenges customary associations of tapestry with luxury and expense, to instead present it as an ongoing process of material use and re-use. The work was accepted for several tapestry exhibitions, all juried and international: Artapestry 4 (2015), which showed at four international venues, the Royal Scottish Academy (2016), Cordis International Tapestry Prize (2016), Karpit 3 (2017), and A Considered Place (2019), at Drum Castle. The output won the Cordis International Tapestry Prize in 2016, which is the biggest international prize for this artform.
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Fitzsimons, James, Ian Pulsford, and Geoff Wescott, eds. Linking Australia's Landscapes. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643107052.
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Networks of land managed for conservation across different tenures have rapidly increased in number (and popularity) in Australia over the past two decades. These include iconic large-scale initiatives such as Gondwana Link, the Great Eastern Ranges Initiative, Habitat 141°, and the South Australian NatureLinks, as well as other, landscape-scale approaches such as Biosphere Reserves and Conservation Management Networks. Their aims have been multiple: to protect the integrity and resilience of many Australian ecosystems by maintaining and restoring large-scale natural landscapes and ecosystem processes; to lessen the impacts of fragmentation; to increase the connectivity of habitats to provide for species movement and adaptation as climate changes; and to build community support and involvement in conservation.
This book draws out lessons from a variety of established and new connectivity conservation initiatives from around Australia, and is complemented by international examples. Chapters are written by leaders in the field of establishing and operating connectivity networks, as well as key ecological and social scientists and experts in governance.
Linking Australia's Landscapes will be an important reference for policy makers, natural resource managers, scientists, and academics and tertiary students dealing with issues in landscape-scale conservation, ecology, conservation biology, environmental policy, planning and management, social sciences, regional development, governance and ecosystem services.
Book chapters on the topic "Multiple scale process"
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Kevorkian, J., and J. D. Cole. "Limit Process Expansions for Ordinary Differential Equations." In Multiple Scale and Singular Perturbation Methods, 36–117. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3968-0_2.
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Kevorkian, J., and J. D. Cole. "Limit Process Expansions for Partial Differential Equations." In Multiple Scale and Singular Perturbation Methods, 118–266. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3968-0_3.
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Batra, Geeta, Jeneen Garcia, and Kseniya Temnenko. "Transformational Change for Achieving Scale: Lessons for a Greener Recovery." In Transformational Change for People and the Planet, 27–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78853-7_3.
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AbstractAchieving transformational changes that can be then effectively scaled up requires ambition in design, a supportive policy environment, sound project design and implementation, partnerships, and multistakeholder participation. This chapter presents a framework that can be applied at the design stage to plan for change and scaling up and provides relevant lessons based on GEF interventions. Achieving change and scale can be an iterative and a continuous process until impacts are generated at the magnitude and scope of the targeted scale. Successful transformations typically adopt a systems approach and address multiple constraints to attain environmental and other socioeconomic impacts.
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Snorek, Julie. "Local Institutions, Collective Action, and Divergent Adaptation: Case from Agro-Pastoral Niger." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2117–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_186.
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AbstractAdaptation is a highly contextual process, framed by institutions. When one group’s adaptation to climate hazards reduces another’s adaptive capacity, this is called divergent adaptation. The nuances of divergent adaptation are revealed in how institutions influence divergent adaptation outcomes, either to exacerbate conflict or to bring about greater peace and cooperation. By examining the sometimes conflicting adaptations of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Niger, this chapter describes the process of divergent adaptation through an institutional analysis from multiple scales. At the national scale, climate change adaptation policies and perspectives are entrenched in sedentarization politics vis-à-vis pastoral livelihoods. At the local scale, pastoralists take a defensive position as an adaptation pathway, to ensure secure passage with their livestock to water and pasture. However, in localities where local institutional actors have enhanced collective action arenas in which pastoral and agro-pastoral groups are represented, conflict dynamics are abated. Climate adaptation is not without conflict; however, local and sub-national institutions are critical to providing opportunities for collective action, cooperation, and peace in the context of divergent adaptation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that conflict and adaptation management and planning be integrated at multiple scales.
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Snorek, Julie. "Local Institutions, Collective Action, and Divergent Adaptation: Case from Agro-Pastoral Niger." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_186-1.
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AbstractAdaptation is a highly contextual process, framed by institutions. When one group’s adaptation to climate hazards reduces another’s adaptive capacity, this is called divergent adaptation. The nuances of divergent adaptation are revealed in how institutions influence divergent adaptation outcomes, either to exacerbate conflict or to bring about greater peace and cooperation. By examining the sometimes conflicting adaptations of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in Niger, this chapter describes the process of divergent adaptation through an institutional analysis from multiple scales. At the national scale, climate change adaptation policies and perspectives are entrenched in sedentarization politics vis-à-vis pastoral livelihoods. At the local scale, pastoralists take a defensive position as an adaptation pathway, to ensure secure passage with their livestock to water and pasture. However, in localities where local institutional actors have enhanced collective action arenas in which pastoral and agro-pastoral groups are represented, conflict dynamics are abated. Climate adaptation is not without conflict; however, local and sub-national institutions are critical to providing opportunities for collective action, cooperation, and peace in the context of divergent adaptation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that conflict and adaptation management and planning be integrated at multiple scales.
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He, Yuan, Duwen Shen, Lili Peng, and Chongshi Xie. "Study on the Three-Dimensional Place Making in the Core Area of Urban Central Railway Station in the Space Narrative Context." In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building, 503–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_53.
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AbstractThe core area of the urban central rail transit station is the area with the highest concentration of urban population and the most prominent contradiction. Aiming at the problems of fragmentation of above-ground and underground space, low quality of underground space environment, and lack of sense of place, this article puts forward the concept of three-dimensional place making. By introducing the analysis method of spatial narrative, and taking its advantages in shaping the sense of place, integrating the information of place, and constructing the semantics of place, this paper studies the characteristics of the place making of Shenzhen Huaqiangbei Station and Tokyo’s Shibuya Station, explores the spatial narrative logic that can effectively connect the above ground and underground, proposes the design strategy of three-dimensional place making, and explores the possibility of quantitative study of urban three-dimensional space in station area. The study found that the place making of station area should be based on the characteristics of its own space environment. In the area with high three-dimensional degree, complex space environment and large scale of development, it is appropriate to take the walking network as the framework and use deconstructive spatial narrative technique to create places with “multiple themes, multiple scenes and multiple elements” by segmenting and partitioning, so as to realize the organic integration of various spatial elements. This paper, for the first time, applies the spatial narrative theory and method to the study of place making in the core area of rail transit station, and explores a new way for the study of three-dimensional urban design in the urban railway station area.
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Ilmola, Joonas, Joni Paananen, and Jari Larkiola. "Effect of Work Roll Surface Warming on Hot Strip Temperature Development in Industrial Scale Virtual Rolling Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 103–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58006-2_9.
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AbstractDigitalization is taking place in the steel industry and novel virtual rolling models will be implemented into industrial systems. Virtual rolling models are mainly assembled of individual models for modeling the rolling process considering mechanical, thermal and metallurgical phenomena. Advanced virtual rolling models even predict mechanical properties based on modeled metallurgical state. These models for certain phenomena do not usually consider the constantly changing process parameters which affect the temperature of rolled strip in the industrial process. In the hot rolling industry, temperature development is of particular importance. To calculate temperature development accurately throughout the rolling process, multiple thermal boundary conditions must be considered. In this investigation, we used the FE-model to study how parameters of rolling pass, work roll coolers and full length transfer strip affect warming of a work roll surface. These results were utilized in prediction of work roll surface temperature in contact between the work roll and the strip over full length strip rolling in virtual rolling model to model development of strip temperature in full scale industrial hot strip rolling process.
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Matres, Jerlie Mhay, Erwin Arcillas, Maria Florida Cueto-Reaño, Ruby Sallan-Gonzales, Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko, and Inez Slamet-Loedin. "Biofortification of Rice Grains for Increased Iron Content." In Rice Improvement, 471–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_14.
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AbstractDietary iron (Fe) deficiency affects 14% of the world population with significant health impacts. Biofortification is the process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop, through conventional breeding, biotechnology approaches, or agronomic practices. This process has recently been shown to successfully alleviate micronutrient deficiency for populations with limited access to diverse diets in several countries (https://www.harvestplus.org/). The Fe breeding target in the HarvestPlus program was set based on average rice consumption to fulfil 30% of the Estimated Average Requirement of Fe in women and children. In this review, we present the reported transgenic approaches to increase grain Fe. Insertion of a single or multiple genes encoding iron storage protein, metal transporter, or enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of metal chelator in the rice genome was shown to be a viable approach to significantly increase grain-Fe density. The most successful approach to reach the Fe breeding target was by overexpression of multiple genes. Despite this success, a significant effort of 8–10 years needs to be dedicated from the proof of concept to varietal release. This includes large-scale plant transformation, event selection, collection of data for premarket safety assurance, securing biosafety permits for consumption and propagation, and collection of data for variety registration.
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Dawson, Donald A., and Andreas Greven. "Multiple Time Scale Analysis of Hierarchically Interacting Systems." In Stochastic Processes, 41–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7909-0_6.
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Biegler, Lorenz T., Claudia Schmid, and David Ternet. "A Multiplier-Free, Reduced Hessian Method for Process Optimization." In Large-Scale Optimization with Applications, 101–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1960-6_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Multiple scale process"
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Qiu, Kang, Sigmund Eggen Holm, Julian Straus, and Simon Roussanaly. "Optimal Clustered, Multi-modal CO2 Transport Considering Non-linear Costs � a Path-planning Approach." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 554–61. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.150076.
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An important measure to achieve global reduction in CO2 emissions is CO2 capture, transport, and storage. The deployment of CO2 capture requires the development of a shared CO2 transport infrastructure, where CO2 can be transported with different transport modes. Furthermore, the cost of CO2 transport can be subject to significant economies of scale effects with respect to the amount of CO2 transported, also mentioned as clustering effects. Therefore, optimizing the shared infrastructure of multiple CO2 sources can lead to significant reductions in infrastructure costs. This paper presents a novel formulation of the clustered CO2 transport network. The Markov Decision Process formulation defined here allows for more detailed modeling of non-linear, discrete transport costs and increased geographical resolution. The clustering effects are modeled through cooperative multi-agent interactions. A multi-agent, reinforcement learning-based algorithm is proposed to optimize the shared transportation network, with examples illustrating the results of the method.
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Odgaard, P. F., and M. V. Wickerhauser. "Karhunen-Loeve (PCA) based detection of multiple oscillations in multiple measurement signals from large-scale process plants." In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4282149.
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Turowski, Marcus, Marco Jupé, Thomas Melzig, Andreas Pflug, and Detlev Ristau. "Multiple scale modeling of Al2O3thin film growth in an ion beam sputtering process." In SPIE Optical Systems Design, edited by Michel Lequime, H. Angus Macleod, and Detlev Ristau. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2191049.
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Yoshioka, Masaharu, Masahiko Nakamura, Tetsuo Tomiyama, and Hiroyuki Yoshikawa. "A Design Process Model With Multiple Design Object Models." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0002.
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Abstract An intelligent CAD system is not merely a set of intelligent design tools, but rather it must be an intelligent, integrated design environment. This requests it must be equipped with a large scale knowledge base in which design knowledge is intensively and systematically stored. To do so, design knowledge must be systematically formalized, made computable, and organized. The present paper investigates fundamental issues of systematization of design knowledge. Design knowledge has two categories; i.e., design object knowledge and design process knowledge. In our previous reports, we have formalized a computable design process model to represent design process knowledge and the concept of metamodel dealing with multiple design object models. This paper proposes a framework to achieve harmonized combination of these two. In this framework, the computable design process model navigates the metamodel mechanism to generate and modify models of the design object. We describe a prototype system and illustrate an example of ship design.
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DI NARDO, Mario Emanuele. "Modeling time-dependent anisotropy in MEX component-scale process simulation." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-67.
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Abstract. In this paper, a numerical method is proposed to consider the transient anisotropic orientation state of a material extruded (MEX) part during a macroscale process simulation. To enhance computational efficiency, multiple filament strands are considered within single finite elements. The model is constructed around the utilization of 4th order orientation tensors, obtained by combining the information of the nozzle toolpath and the mesh elements in accordance with the process time. This provides a dynamic mapping of the anisotropic material orientation state within each element, in real-time to the process trajectory. Through the integration of time-dependent orientation tensors, this research provides deeper insights into filaments alignment evolution during the MEX process. This advancement not only enhances predictive capabilities in process simulation but also streamlines computational demands.
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Sumalatha, A., and A. Bhujanga Rao. "Closed loop identification and effect of multiple datasets on parameter estimation : A laboratory scale industrial process." In 2018 Second International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmc.2018.8488140.
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Yar'Adua, Kabir Hasan, Idoko Job John, Abubakar Jibril Abbas, Salihu M. Suleiman, Abdullahi A. Ahmadu, and Aisha Kabir. "Laboratory-Scale Investigation of the Utilisation of Multiple Flat-Fan Nozzles in Descaling Petroleum Production Tubing." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207203-ms.
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Abstract Despite the recent wide embrace of mechanical descaling approaches for cleaning scales in petroleum production tubings and similar conduits with the use of high-pressure (HP) water jets, the process is still associated with downhole backpressure and well integrity challenges. While the introduction of sterling beads to replace sand particles in the water recorded high successes in maintaining well completion integrity after scale removal in some recent applications of this technique, it is, unfortunately, still not without questions of environmental degradation. Furthermore, the single nozzle, solids-free, aerated jetting descaling technique – recently published widely – is categorized with low scale surface area of contact, low descaling efficiency and subsequent high descaling rig time. The modifications to mechanical descaling techniques proposed in this work involve the use of three high-pressure flat fan nozzles of varying nozzles arrangements, standoff distances and injection pressures to remove soft scale deposits in oil and gas production tubings and similar circular conduits. This experiment provides further insights into the removal of paraffin scales of various shapes at different descaling conditions of injection pressures, stand-off distances and nozzle arrangements with the use of freshwater. The results obtained from this study also show consistency with findings from earlier works on the same subject.
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Satoh, Koyu, Domingos Viegas, Claudia Pinto, and Ran Tu. "CFD Study of Generation Process and Stability of a Fire Whirl in Large-Scale Fires." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10173.
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Abstract Large-scale urban and forest fires, especially earthquake-induced fires may produce huge fire whirls and cause serious damage, due to the involved tornado-like strong wind, together with radiation and swirling flame. If fire whirls are generated, the danger to firefighters increases extremely. Many small-scale experiments and CFD simulations on fire whirls have already been conducted and also our previous numerical studies examined the generation of a large fire whirl in an oil tank. However, details of large-scale fire whirls have not been clarified yet. In this study, developing the previous works, additional CFD simulations are conducted to examine the generation process and particularly the stability of fire whirls. Three schemes to generate fire whirls are employed, using the 15 × 15 PMMA fuel array in windy conditions and n-heptane burning in a steel pan placed centrally on the floor in a tall channel with staggered four corner gaps, also using a channel with a single corner gap. The numerical results showed that the relationship between the fire area and the wind blowing area is important on the fire whirl generation in the PMMA scheme and n-heptane fire burning scheme in a channel. In addition to the channel gap size to produce a maximum fire whirl, the effects of channel height and horizontal channel area upon the fire whirl are examined. The wall temperatures of the channel are important to keep the swirling motion stably, particularly the wall temperature at about 300°C can stabilize the fire whirl in a channel. Also multiple small fires placed surrounding the central swirling fire can increase the stability of the fire whirl, although too strong multiple fires may destroy the stability. These phenomena may be related to the real fire whirl generation in the natural environment.
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Fischer, Christopher C., and Ramana V. Grandhi. "Utilizing an Adjustment Factor to Scale Between Multiple Fidelities Within a Design Process: A Stepping Stone to Dialable Fidelity Design." In 16th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1011.
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Ghosh, Samir, James O’Callaghan, Fatih Bilge Atar, Owen Moynihan, Liam O’Faolain, and Brian Corbett. "Next-generation Large-scale PIC Enabled by Micro-transfer Printing Technology." In British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bicop.2023.th5a.3.
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Here, we present micro-transfer printing as a versatile heterogeneous integration technique that allows dense integration of multiple material systems on the same waveguide platform through a parallel and scalable process.
Reports on the topic "Multiple scale process"
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Pruitt, Bruce, K. Killgore, William Slack, and Ramune Matuliauskaite. Formulation of a multi-scale watershed ecological model using a statistical approach. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38862.
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The purpose of this special report is to provide a statistical stepwise process for formulation of ecological models for application at multiple scales using a stream condition index (SCI). Given the global variability of aquatic ecosystems, this guidance is for broad application and may require modification to suit specific watersheds or stream reaches. However, the general statistical treatise provided herein applies across physiographies and at multiple scales. The Duck River Watershed Assessment in Tennessee was used, in part, to develop and test this multiscale, statistical approach; thus, it is considered a case example and referenced throughout this report. The findings of this study can be utilized to (1) prioritize water-sheds for restoration, enhancement, and conservation; (2) plan and conduct site-specific, intensive ecosystem studies; and (3) assess ecosystem outcomes (that is, ecological lift) applicable to future with and without restoration actions including alternative, feasibility, and cost-benefit analyses and adaptive management.
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Salter, R., Quyen Dong, Cody Coleman, Maria Seale, Alicia Ruvinsky, LaKenya Walker, and W. Bond. Data Lake Ecosystem Workflow. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40203.
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The Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory’s (ERDC-ITL’s) Big Data Analytics team specializes in the analysis of large-scale datasets with capabilities across four research areas that require vast amounts of data to inform and drive analysis: large-scale data governance, deep learning and machine learning, natural language processing, and automated data labeling. Unfortunately, data transfer between government organizations is a complex and time-consuming process requiring coordination of multiple parties across multiple offices and organizations. Past successes in large-scale data analytics have placed a significant demand on ERDC-ITL researchers, highlighting that few individuals fully understand how to successfully transfer data between government organizations; future project success therefore depends on a small group of individuals to efficiently execute a complicated process. The Big Data Analytics team set out to develop a standardized workflow for the transfer of large-scale datasets to ERDC-ITL, in part to educate peers and future collaborators on the process required to transfer datasets between government organizations. Researchers also aim to increase workflow efficiency while protecting data integrity. This report provides an overview of the created Data Lake Ecosystem Workflow by focusing on the six phases required to efficiently transfer large datasets to supercomputing resources located at ERDC-ITL.
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Leis, Sherry. Network scale fire atlas supports land management in national parks. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295133.
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Long-term vegetation monitoring allows land managers to make treatment decisions based on data. Fire management is a commonly used approach to managing grasslands, but fire history in grasslands is challenging to record because of spatial and temporal scales and rapid ecosystem recovery. We built a seven-park fire occurrence record (fire atlas) using a geodatabase tool. Multiple sources for fire perimeters were vetted using a verification and editing process. The fire occurrence geodatabase was then used as the basis for an analysis that used buffering around monitoring site locations to determine burned status through time. The resulting products were beneficial for communicating with managers, administrators, and fire staff. Planning and education projects were also important uses of the information. Future efforts will focus on improving attribute consistency and relating vegetation trends to fire occurrence.
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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of a three-dimensional vegetative loss mechanism for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45041.
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The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory (EL) and Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have completed several large scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. These studies have been successfully executed utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB), which is composed of multiple process models (Figure 1). Due to being directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment, and water quality transport models are both directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework.
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Eshed, Yuval, and John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.
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Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.
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Rohlicek, J. R., and A. S. Willsky. Structural Decomposition of Multiple Time Scale Markov Processes,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada189739.
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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.
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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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Green, Crystal, and Lauren Ziegler. The Messy Middle. HundrED, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/kgic1847.
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In the last decade, HundrED has collaborated and learned from a diverse global community of innovators, educators, school leaders, and other stakeholders in over 100 countries. This paper begins to address questions from our research agenda, particularly those related to the complex process of innovation implementation at scale. We define the messy middle as the phase marked by complexity and uncertainty that occurs after an innovation has been tested and validated but before it has been institutionalised as part of standard practice in a classroom, school, or system. Following Rogers’ diffusion theory, we understand implementation asputting an innovation into use as part of multiple decision-making processes by teachers, schools, and organisations that move an innovation toward institutionalisation. We examine five diverse cases to delve into the complexities of the messy middle. These are (1) HundrED’s Tailor-Made collaboration with Helsinki EducationDivision in Finland, which introduced two wellbeing innovations from international contexts into the primary school curriculum (2) HundrED’s Tailor-Made collaboration with the Parents as Allies project in the U.S., led by the non-profit organisation Kidsburgh, that supports schools and families to co-design innovative solutions that promote family engagement (3) Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL), an approach to learning that groups students according to their learning levels rather than age or grade. We explore implementation in countries in sub-Saharan Africa (4) Geneva Global’s Speed School and Luminos Fund’s Second Chance, two accelerated learning programs, and whose implementation in Ethiopia is the focus of our case (5) Sapieduca, a classroom-level, gamified application in Brazil initially developed to increase student engagement. These cases reveal that the messy middle involves learning by doing in a sense-making process of understanding the who, why, what and how of an innovation in practice.
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OSBOURN, GORDON C. Some Proposed Design Elements for Self-Organization Processes at Multiple Length Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780312.
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Trettin, Carl, Andrew Burton, Zhaohua Dai, Jonathan Schilling, Brian Forschler, Daniel Lindner, Debbie Page-Dumroese, and Martin Jurgensen. Wood Decomposition: Understanding Processes Regulating Carbon Transfer to Soil Carbon Pools Using FACE Wood at Multiple Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1838510.
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