Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multiple response analysis'
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Luo, Zhisui. "A Bayesian Analysis of a Multiple Choice Test." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/269.
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In a multiple choice test, examinees gain points based on how many correct responses they got. However, in this traditional grading, it is assumed that questions in the test are replications of each other. We apply an item response theory model to estimate students' abilities characterized by item's feature in a midterm test. Our Bayesian logistic Item response theory model studies the relation between the probability of getting a correct response and the three parameters. One parameter measures the student's ability and the other two measure an item's difficulty and its discriminatory feature. In this model the ability and the discrimination parameters are not identifiable. To address this issue, we construct a hierarchical Bayesian model to nullify the effects of non-identifiability. A Gibbs sampler is used to make inference and to obtain posterior distributions of the three parameters. For a "nonparametric" approach, we implement the item response theory model using a Dirichlet process mixture model. This new approach enables us to grade and cluster students based on their "ability" automatically. Although Dirichlet process mixture model has very good clustering property, it suffers from expensive and complicated computations. A slice sampling algorithm has been proposed to accommodate this issue. We apply our methodology to a real dataset obtained on a multiple choice test from WPI’s Applied Statistics I (Spring 2012) that illustrates how a student's ability relates to the observed scores.
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Wang, Jiachen. "Analysis of the seismic response of highway bridges to multiple support excitations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7520.
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It is recognized that the spatial variability of the ground motion has an important effect on the seismic responses of extended structures, but it is not well known how these structural responses will be affected. The aim of this study was to gain insight of the effect of asynchronous inputs on the elastic and inelastic responses of long bridges in order to improve the earthquake resistant design of bridges.
In this research, a simple method of generating the asynchronous input motions, conditioned by the recorded time-histories, is proposed. Two assumptions were adopted in this method. The first assumption was that the spatial correlation function depended only on the predominant frequency of the earthquake motion. The second assumption was that in the time domain, there was no correlation between the acceleration elements in the same record. With the aid of these two assumptions, the modified Kriging method proposed by Hoshiya could be easily used to simulate ground motions in the time domain. Numerical examples showed that the spectra of simulated time-histories and the specified earthquake record closely correlated with each other and the variation of the simulated accelerations with the separation distance between the supports, the propagation velocity and the dispersion factor followed the trends expected.
It was observed that the velocity of propagation of seismic waves had a significant effect on the transverse response of long bridges in travelling wave cases. The transverse responses of the bridges to the travelling waves can be more critical than those to the synchronous input. The transverse response parameters investigated were the maximum pier drifts, the maximum pier shear forces and the maximum section curvature ratios of the piers. The responses of the bridges subjected to asynchronous inputs consist of two parts: the dynamic components induced by the inertial forces and the pseudo-static components due to the differential displacements between the adjacent supports. The response was dominated by the pseudostatic component when the travelling wave velocity was low. The pseudo-static component reduced and the dynamic component increased as the travelling wave velocity increased. The response was dominated by the dynamic component when the travelling wave velocity was high. The local variations of the responses with the travelling wave velocity were due to the variations in the acceleration spectra of the input motions with the travelling wave velocity.
It was found that the geometric incoherence effect also played an important role in the responses of the bridges through the pseudo-static components. In the cases that the combined geometric incoherence and wave passage effects of the spatial variability of the seismic motion were considered, the pseudo-static component of the seismic response of long bridges was not only caused by the wave passage effect, but was also due to the geometric incoherence effect. The pseudo-static component caused by the geometric incoherence effect dominated the total responses when wave dispersion was greatest. Because the variations of the accelerograms at different pier supports were random, the value of the pseudo-static component due to the geometric incoherence effect was also random. Therefore the total responses were unpredictable when the wave dispersion was great. The influence of the pseudo-static component in the total response decreased as the wave dispersion decreased. When dispersion was least the trends of the variations of the response with the travelling wave velocity were similar to those for the travelling wave cases without wave dispersion.
The longitudinal responses of the bridge models with movement joints subjected to asynchronous inputs were also investigated. It was found that the relative displacement of the bridge deck across the movement joints and the relative displacement between the girder end and the top of the abutment consist of two parts: the dynamic components due to the difference between the vibrations of the two frames separated by the movement joints and the pseudo-static components caused by the phase shifts between the vibrations. The dynamic components changed with the travelling wave velocity due to the changes of the acceleration spectra in the asynchronous motion cases. The pseudo-static components were not only dependent on the phase shifts, but were also related to the shapes of the response displacement time-histories of the bridge deck.
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MILZ, GEOFFREY G. "Beyond Ad-Hoc: An Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis in Emergency Planning and Response." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212072805.
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Koller, Simon. "Multiple Time Series Analysis of Freight Rate Indices." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288500.
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In this master thesis multiple time series of shipping industry and financial data are analysed in order to create a forecasting model to forecast freight rate indices. The data of main interest which are predicted are the two freight rate indices, BDI and BDTI, from the Baltic Exchange. The project investigates the possibilities for aggregated Vector Autoregression(VAR) models to outperform simple univariate models, in this case, an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) with seasonal components. The other part of this thesis is to model market shocks in the freight rate indices, given impulses in the other underlying VAR-model time series using the impulse response function. The main results are that the VAR-model forecast outperforms the ARIMA-model in forecasting the tanker freight rate index (BDTI), while the the bulk freight rate index(BDI) is better predicted by the simple ARIMA when calculating the forecast mean square error.I denna avhandling analyseras multipla tidsserier över rederinärings- och finansiell data i syfte att skapa en prognosticerande modell för att prognosticera fraktratsindex. Dataserierna som i huvudsak prognosticeras är fraktratsindexen BDI och BDTI från Baltic exchange. I projektet undersöks om en aggregerad Vektor Autoregressiv(VAR) modell överträffar en univariat modell, i detta fall en Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) med säsongsvariabel. I andra delen av denna avhandling modelleras chocker i fraktratsindexen givet impulser i de andra underliggande tidsserierna i de aggregerade VAR-modellerna. Huvudresultaten är att VAR-modellens prognos överträffar ARIMA-modellen för tankerraterna (BDTI), medan bulkraterna(BDI) bättre prognosticeras av ARIMA-modellen, i avseende på prognosernas beräknade mean square error.
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Andrawes, Bassem Onsi. "Seismic Response and Analysis of Multiple Frame Bridges Using Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6914.
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The feasibility of using superelastic shape memory alloys in the retrofit of multiple frame bridges is investigated. First, three shape memory alloy constitutive models with various levels of complexity are compared in order to determine the significance of including subloops and cyclic loading effects on the structural response. The results show that the structural response is more sensitive to the shape memory alloys strength degradation and residual deformation than the sublooping behavior. Next, two parametric studies are conducted to explore the sensitivity of hinge opening to the mechanical behavior of the superelastic shape memory alloys. The first study is focused on the hysteretic properties of the alloy that could vary depending on the chemical composition or the manufacturing process of the alloy, while the second study targets the changes in the mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys resulting from the variability in the ambient temperature. The results show that the hysteretic behavior of shape memory alloys has only a slight effect on the bridge hinge opening as long as the recentering property is maintained. A detailed study on the effect of temperature shows that a reduction in the ambient temperature tends to negatively affect the hinge opening while an increase in temperature results in a slight improvement. Next, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effectiveness of shape memory alloy retrofit devices in limiting hinge openings in bridges with various properties. In addition, a comparison is made with other devices such as conventional steel restrainers, metallic dampers, and viscoelastic solid dampers. The results illustrate that superelastic shape memory alloys are superior in their effectiveness compared to other devices in the case of bridges with moderate period ratios and high level of ductility, especially when subjected to strong earthquakes.
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Milz, Geoffrey G. "Beyond Ad-Hoc an application of multiple criteria decision analysis in emergency planning and response /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212072805.
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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Carla Chifos Ph.D. (Committee Chair), Dan Peterson Ph.D. (Committee Member), Tonya Nichols Ph.D. (Committee Member) Title from electronic thesis title page (Sept. 6, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: multiple criteria decision analysis; emergency planning; analytic hierarchy process Includes bibliographical references.
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Feng, Limin. "JAMES-STEIN TYPE COMPOUND ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE MEAN RESPONSE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/6.
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Charnigo and Srinivasan originally developed compound estimators to nonparametrically estimate mean response functions and their derivatives simultaneously when there is one response variable and one covariate. The compound estimator maintains self consistency and almost optimal convergence rate. This dissertation studies, in part, compound estimation with multiple responses and/or covariates. An empirical comparison of compound estimation, local regression and spline smoothing is included, and near optimal convergence rates are established in the presence of multiple covariates.
James and Stein proposed an estimator of the mean vector of a p dimensional multivariate normal distribution, which produces a smaller risk than the maximum likelihood estimator if p is at least 3. In this dissertation, we also extend their idea to a nonparametric regression setting. More specifically, we present Steinized local regression estimators of p mean response functions and their derivatives. We consider different covariance structures for the error terms, and whether or not a known upper bound for the estimation bias is assumed.
We also apply Steinization to compound estimation, considering the application of Steinization to both pointwise estimators (for example, as obtained through local regression) and weight functions.
Finally, the new methodology introduced in this dissertation will be demonstrated on numerical data illustrating the outcomes of a laboratory experiment in which radiation induces nanoparticles to scatter evanescent waves. The patterns of scattering, as represented by derivatives of multiple mean response functions, may be used to classify nanoparticles on their sizes and structures.
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Pečeliūnas, Valdas. "The value of plasma cell immunophenotypic analysis estimating response to treatment and risk of multiple myeloma." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111102_111523-80198.
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The investigations presented in this dissertation were initiated with the intention to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma cells immunophenotypic analysis in multiple myeloma patients. We tested the hypothesis that kinetics of peripheral blood circulating plasma cells in response to first chemotherapy cycle could identify patients refractory to given treatment. We employed novel original methodology for plasma cells immunophenotyping: cells were stained in two tubes with antibody combinations CD56/CD138/CD45/CD19/CD38/CD20 and cLambda/cKappa/CD138/CD19/CD38/CD56. We found that ~30% of all plasma cells in bone marrow of healthy donors are immunophenotypically aberrant by CD56 and/or CD19 marker expression. We optimized immunophenotypic differentiation between malignant and normal plasma cells. Non reduction of malignant circulating plasma cells in response to first chemotherapy cycle predicted early progression with sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 93.3%, respectively. Time to progression and overall survival were significantly shorter in these patients as compared to patients with undetectable or reduced malignant circulating plasma cells. We also evaluated the clinical value of normal plasma cell subpopulation detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients. In summary, we demonstrated that immunophenotyping of plasma cells using multiparameter flow cytometry provides important prognostic information. The major finding was that the... [to full text]Šioje disertacijoje aprašyti tyrimai, atlikti siekiant įvertinti plazminių ląstelių imunotipavimo, taikant tėkmės citometriją, prognostinį potencialą. Patikrinome hipotezę, jog cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių kinetika gydymo metu gali, anksčiau, nei standartiniai metodai įvertinti atsaką į gydymą. Tyrime naudojome iki tol neaprašytą plazminių ląstelių imunofenotipavimo metodiką. Mėginiai dažyti dviem skirtingais žymenų deriniais: CD56/CD138/CD45/CD19/CD38/CD20 ir cLambda/cKappa/CD138/CD19/CD38/CD56. Nustatėme, kad sveikų donorų kaulų čiulpuose aptinkama ~30% plazminių ląstelių, turinčių atipine CD56 ir/ar CD19 žymenų raiška. Optimizavome tėkmės citometrijos metodiką normalių ir piktybinų plazminų ląstelių aptikimui. Nustatėme, kad piktybinių cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių proporcijos nesumažėjimas po pirmojo chemoterapijos kurso, su 91,7% jautrumu bei 93,3% specifiškumu prognozuoja ankstyvą progresiją. Pacientų, kuriems cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių proporcija nesumažėjo, laikas iki progresijos ir bendras išgyvenamumas buvo statistiškai patikimai trumpesnis, nei pacientų, kuriems piktybinių cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių proporcija sumažėjo ar šios ląstelės buvo neaptinkamos. Ištyrėme normalių plazminių ląstelių populiacijos klinikinę vertę pacientams, sergantiems mielomine liga. Apibendrinant, plazminių ląstelių imunofenotipavimas taikant tėkmės citometrijos metodą suteikia prognostiškai reikšmingos informacijos. Svarbiausias radinys, jog cirkuliuojančių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Decady, Yves J. "The analysis of multiple response data in marketing research, a Rao-Scott adjusted chi-squared approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/NQ57606.pdf.
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Decady, Yves J. (Yves Josue) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "The Analysis of multiple response data in marketing research; a Rao- Scott adjusted chi-squared approach." Ottawa, 2000.
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Emondi, Alfred A. "Analysis of response properties of multiple neurons recorded at single sites in the cat striate cortex." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Morse, Brendan J. "Controlling Type 1 errors in moderated multiple regression an application of item response theory for applied psychological research /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1247063796.
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Kern, Simone, Ivonne Krause, Antje Horntrich, Katja Thomas, Julia Aderhold, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Cortisol Awakening Response Is Linked to Disease Course and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127110.
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Objectives: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under pharmacological stimulation which is associated with a series of methodological caveats. Knowledge of circadian cortisol patterns and cortisol awakening response (CAR) is still limited.
Methods: A total of 77 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)/22 secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)) as well as 34 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Diurnal cortisol release was assessed by repeated salivary cortisol sampling. Neurological disability was rated by the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed by self-report measures.
Results: RRMS but not SPMS patients differed in circadian cortisol release from HC subjects. Differences in cortisol release were restricted to CAR. Treated and treatment naïve RRMS patients did not differ in CAR. In a RRMS follow-up cohort (nine months follow-up), RRMS patients with EDSS progression (≥0.5) expressed a significantly greater CAR compared to HC subjects. RRMS patients with a stable EDSS did not differ from HC subjects. Neither depressive symptoms nor perceived stress ratings were associated with CAR in RRMS patients. In a step-wise regression analysis, EDSS at baseline and CAR were predictive of EDSS at follow-up (R2 = 67%) for RRMS patients.
Conclusions: Circadian cortisol release, in particular CAR, shows a course specific pattern with most pronounced release in RRMS. There is also some evidence for greater CAR in RRMS patients with EDSS progression. As a consequence, CAR might be of predictive value in terms of neurological disability in RRMS patients. The possible role of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in MS pathogenesis is further discussed.
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Sultana, Mir Samia. "Toward better understanding of mechanical response of fabrics under multiple combined loading modes : experimental and statistical analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54556.
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Fabric reinforced composites are becoming among primary materials of choice in manufacturing
damage tolerant aerospace, automotive, and naval architectural parts. Detailed characterization
of fabric reinforcements, however, is necessary to ensure the quality of such composite part and
to prevent structural failure during their service. A number of experimental studies have been
dedicated in the past to characterize the deformation of fabrics under individual loading modes, such as pure uniaxial tension, pure biaxial tension and pure shear. There still exists, however, a lack of knowledge and standardization in testing and analyzing the mechanical response of
fabrics under combined shear-tension loadings, both in simultaneous and sequential modes.
Moreover, in reality, there are sources of uncertainties in the forming of these multi-scale fibrous materials, which often results in non-repeatable test data and causes inconsistencies for full characterization.
Recognizing the above gaps, the aim of this thesis has been to design, conduct, and analyze a set of experiments for enhanced characterization of a typical glass fabric under select individual and combined shear-biaxial tension loading modes. The experimental tests were performed using a new fixture recently designed and manufactured by the Composites & Optimization Laboratory at UBC and its international partners. On the account of inherent material uncertainties, all tested deformation modes were analyzed and compared via a series of ANOVA analysis. Results showed that statistically there were significant differences between the warp and weft responses of the fabric under all the deformation modes, with weft yarns being generally stiffer. The shear-tension coupling effect in combined deformation modes yielded higher normal axial and shear forces compared to the individual deformation modes. More
severe local damage zones were observed during the coupling tests. Finally, a Digital Image
Correlation test was conducted to inspect wrinkling in the deformed specimens. Under a pure
shear mode, some out of plane wrinkles appeared due to misalignment, whereas in the simultaneous loading condition it was nearly disappeared, thanks to the presence of fiber tension.Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Kern, Simone, Ivonne Krause, Antje Horntrich, Katja Thomas, Julia Aderhold, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Cortisol Awakening Response Is Linked to Disease Course and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27278.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under pharmacological stimulation which is associated with a series of methodological caveats. Knowledge of circadian cortisol patterns and cortisol awakening response (CAR) is still limited.
Methods: A total of 77 MS patients (55 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)/22 secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)) as well as 34 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Diurnal cortisol release was assessed by repeated salivary cortisol sampling. Neurological disability was rated by the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were assessed by self-report measures.
Results: RRMS but not SPMS patients differed in circadian cortisol release from HC subjects. Differences in cortisol release were restricted to CAR. Treated and treatment naïve RRMS patients did not differ in CAR. In a RRMS follow-up cohort (nine months follow-up), RRMS patients with EDSS progression (≥0.5) expressed a significantly greater CAR compared to HC subjects. RRMS patients with a stable EDSS did not differ from HC subjects. Neither depressive symptoms nor perceived stress ratings were associated with CAR in RRMS patients. In a step-wise regression analysis, EDSS at baseline and CAR were predictive of EDSS at follow-up (R2 = 67%) for RRMS patients.
Conclusions: Circadian cortisol release, in particular CAR, shows a course specific pattern with most pronounced release in RRMS. There is also some evidence for greater CAR in RRMS patients with EDSS progression. As a consequence, CAR might be of predictive value in terms of neurological disability in RRMS patients. The possible role of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in MS pathogenesis is further discussed.
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Garafolo, Nicholas Gordon. "AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MULTIPLE MODE EXCITATION OF AN INTEGRALLY BLADED DISK." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1164047919.
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Ing, Pamela Grace. "An Investigation of the 'White Male Effect' from a Psychometric Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338312146.
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Parisi, Danielle Marie 1982. "Examining multiple dimensions of fidelity and their relation to student reading outcomes: A retrospective analysis of kindergarten interventions." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10237.
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xiii, 122 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation study explored the dimensions of fidelity to aid both researchers and practitioners in their measurement of the construct and use of the data. Understanding the dimensions of fidelity is important for three reasons: (a) limited agreement on a definition, (b) variability in measurement, and (c) inconsistent relations demonstrated between fidelity and outcomes. Leaders in the fields of program evaluation, behavioral health, psychology, and education have begun to promote an expanded definition of fidelity that looks beyond whether surface level components of interventions were delivered to include examination of whether interventions are delivered with quality and whether students are engaged. With this issue in mind, an expanded definition of fidelity was used to explore surface/content dimensions of fidelity or total fidelity, quality/process dimensions of fidelity, and student engagement. Specifically, this study examined how these dimensions relate to each other and how each dimension relates to student literacy outcomes. Multi-process multi-level models were used to study the interrelations among the dimensions of fidelity and the interrelations among the group level fidelity measures and multiple measures of student literacy development. The results of this study indicated that the construct of fidelity is multidimensional and potentially more complicated than has been discussed in the literature to date. When examining the relations among the dimensions of fidelity, total fidelity and quality were highly related, quality and engagement may be related, and total fidelity and engagement were not related. The relation between total fidelity and student outcomes was in the opposite direction of what was hypothesized--lower total fidelity was related to higher student outcomes. The relation between student engagement and student outcomes was in the hypothesized direction--higher engagement was related to higher student outcomes. The relation between quality of delivery and student outcomes was also in the hypothesized direction with higher quality related to higher student outcomes. The results highlight several issues related to fidelity that need to be considered by both researchers (measuring multiple components, repeated assessment, data analytic methods) and practitioners (how and what to measure, general variability in implementation, use of the data) in the field of education.
Committee at large: Elizabeth Ham, Co-Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Kenneth Merrell, Co-Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; David Chard, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Yvonne Braun, Outside Member, Sociology
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Sinai, Sarah. "An Analysis of Shifting Preferences for Tasks Involved In Contingency Schedules." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4403.
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Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of noncontingent and contingent access on relative preference for items identified through a series of preference assessments. Four typically developing children participated in multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessments to establish a relative hierarchy of preferred activities. Following the MSWO, the participants were exposed to contingent access or noncontingent access conditions that were separated by preference assessments to assess stability of the preference hierarchy. Results were discussed in terms of preference, preference shifts, and the response deprivation hypothesis.
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Krol, Agnieszka. "Consideration of multiple events for the analysis and prediction of a cancer evolution." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0329.
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Le nombre croissant d’essais cliniques pour le traitement du cancer a conduit à la standardisation de l’évaluation de la réponse tumorale. Dans les essais cliniques de phase III des cancers avancés, la survie sans progression est souvent appliquée comme un critère de substitution pour la survie globale. Pour les tumeurs solides, la progression est généralement définie par les critères RECIST qui utilisent l’information sur le changement de taille des lésions cibles et les progressions de la maladie non-cible. Malgré leurs limites, les critères RECIST restent l’outil standard pour l’évaluation des traitements. En particulier, la taille tumorale mesurée au cours de temps est utilisée comme variable ponctuelle catégorisée pour identifier l’état d’un patient. L’approche statistique de la modélisation conjointe permet une analyse plus précise des marqueurs de réponse tumorale et de la survie. En outre, les modèles conjoints sont utiles pour les prédictions dynamiques individuelles. Dans ce travail, nous avons proposé d’appliquer un modèle conjoint trivarié pour des données longitudinales (taille tumorale), des évènements récurrents (les progressions de la maladie non-cible) et la survie. En utilisant des mesures de capacité prédictive, nous avons comparé le modèle proposé avec un modèle pour les progressions tumorales, définies selon les critères standards et la survie. Pour un essai clinique randomisé porté sur le cancer colorectal, nous avons trouvé une meilleure capacité prédictive du modèle proposé. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons développé un logiciel en libre accès pour l’application de l’approche de modélisation conjointe proposée et les prédictions. Enfin, nous avons étendu le modèle à une analyse plus sophistiquée de l’évolution tumorale à l’aide d’un modèle mécaniste. Une équation différentielle ordinaire a été mise en œuvre pour décrire la trajectoire du marqueur biologique en tenant compte les caractéristiques biologiques de la croissance tumorale. Cette nouvelle approche contribue à la recherche clinique sur l’évaluation d’un traitement dans les essais cliniques grâce à une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la réponse tumorale et la survieThe increasing number of clinical trials for cancer treatments has led to standardization of guidelines for evaluation of tumor response. In phase III clinical trials of advanced cancer, progression-free survival is often applied as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS). For solid tumors, progression is usually defined using the RECIST criteria that use information on the change of size of target lesions and progressions of non-target disease. The criteria remain the standard tool for treatment evaluation despite their limitations. In particular, repeatedly measured tumor size is used as a pointwise categorized variable to identify a patient’s status. Statistical approach of joint modeling allows for more accurate analysis of the tumor response markers and survival. Moreover, joint models are useful for individual dynamic predictions of death using patient’s history. In this work, we proposed to apply a trivariate joint model for a longitudinal outcome (tumor size), recurrent events (progressions of non-target disease) and survival. Using adapted measures of predictive accuracy we compared the proposed joint model with a model that considered tumor progressions defined within standard criteria and OS. For a randomized clinical trial for colorectal cancer patients, we found better predictive accuracy of the proposed joint model. In the second part, we developed freely available software for application of the proposed joint modeling and dynamic predictions approach. Finally, we extended the model to a more sophisticated analysis of tumor size evolution using a mechanistic model. An ordinary differential equation was implemented to describe the trajectory of the biomarker regarding the biological characteristics of tumor size under a treatment. This new approach contributes to clinical research on treatment evaluation in clinical trials by better understanding of the relationship between the markers of tumor response with OS
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Jones, Eli A. "A Multiple-Cutoff Regression-Discontinuity Analysis of the Effects of Tier 2 Reading Interventions in a Title I Elementary School." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6097.
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Reading failure in elementary school is highly correlated with future academic and social problems. Schools commonly use Tier 2 reading interventions in Response to Intervention (RtI) frameworks to help close the gap between at-risk readers and their peers who read on grade-level. This dissertation presents the findings of a quasi-experimental research study of the effects of three Tier 2 reading interventions in an urban Title I elementary school's RtI framework. A regression discontinuity design (RDD) with two cutoff points was used to assign 320 students in grades 1-6 to two types of Tier 2 reading interventions administered by paraeducators: direct instruction (DI) and computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Students were assigned using normal curve equivalent reading composite scores on the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement II, Brief Form (KTEA-II BFR). Students scoring below a lower cutoff were assigned to a DI reading intervention, while students scoring at or below an upper cutoff and above the lower cutoff were assigned to CAI reading interventions. January and May posttest iterations of the KTEA-II BFR served as outcome measures for all students. Results of the analysis indicated that the DI intervention was more effective than the CAI interventions at the lower cutoff (p < .01). Participation in CAI interventions was not any more or less effective than business-as-usual reading activities (p > .10). These findings suggest that that CAI programs may not be as helpful in closing the achievement gap between struggling students and their peers as DI interventions, and should be implemented with deliberation.
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Li, Jian. "Effects of Full Information Maximum Likelihood, Expectation Maximization, Multiple Imputation, and Similar Response Pattern Imputation on Structural Equation Modeling with Incomplete and Multivariate Nonnormal Data." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281387395.
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Le, Minh Thi. "Implementation of the law on domestic violence prevention and control within the health system: A case study in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201745/1/Minh%20Thi_Le_Thesis.pdf.
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This study charts the evolution of the Domestic Violence Prevention and Control Law in Vietnam over 15 years. In-depth qualitative methods were used to critically analyse the policy process from agenda-setting, framing, and formal ratification, through to implementation in two provinces. There are major gaps between international and local policies, and between law development and effective, accessible services. Currently, many victims of violence remain under-served. There is a pressing need for changes to the content of the law, and more practical action in health, justice and social services in Vietnam to improve support for survivors of domestic violence.
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Griggs, Roland Stephen. "Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Soybean Nodules Promote Soybean Growth and Nitrogen Fixation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98790.
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Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soybean nodules convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-available forms in exchange for carbon from the plant, but other non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria also reside in nodules, and their role in the nodule is not well understood. This study was conducted to determine the effect of three non-nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from nodules on soybean, and we hypothesized these strains benefit soybean. A greenhouse study in which two cultivars of soybean (Asgrow AG46X6 and Pioneer P48A60X) were treated with three fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. strains (referred to in this study as Bullseye, Pancake, and Starfish) and an uninoculated control. Soybeans were harvested at two time points: the R2/R3 growth stage and the R6 growth stage. Following each harvest, measures of growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation were taken, and data were analyzed using two non-parametric, multivariate analyses: multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Both analyses showed soybeans of both cultivars treated with Pancake differed from controls following the first harvest but not the second. When analyzed individually, most metrics for growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation following the first harvest were not significantly different between Pancake and control treatments, but Pancake treatment means were still generally higher than controls. If metrics are considered collectively in conjunction with the results of the multivariate analyses, the results show Pancake generally increased soybean growth and nitrogen fixation. These findings support the hypothesis that non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria from nodules benefit plants, and such bacteria have the potential to serve as biofertilizers.Master of Science in Life Sciences
Soybeans are one of the most commonly grown crops in the world, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria colonize the roots of soybeans and initiate the formation of spherical nodules attached to the roots. Inside the nodules, these bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to plant-available forms in exchange for sugar from the plant, and such bacteria reduce the need to add nitrogen fertilizer to agricultural fields. Other non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria also reside in nodules, but their role in the nodule is not well understood. If these bacteria benefit soybeans, they have the potential to serve as biofertilizers (microbial inoculants that promote plant growth). This study was conducted to determine whether non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules benefit soybean. A greenhouse study in which two cultivars of soybean (Asgrow AG46X6 and Pioneer P48A60X) were grown in soil and were either left uninoculated or were inoculated with one of three strains of bacteria from the genus, Pseudomonas (referred to in this study as Bullseye, Pancake, and Starfish). Following harvest, measures of growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation were taken, and data showed the bacteria generally benefited the soybean plants. Although, these results showed the bacteria benefitted the plants, field trials and further testing in the greenhouse should be conducted before using these bacteria as commercial biofertilizers. Additionally, the effects of other non-nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria on soybeans should also be tested to identify other beneficial strains, and the cost of production should be compared to the potential gains of using such bacteria before they are developed into biofertilizers.
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Anderson, Hannah Ruth. "A Psychometric Investigation of a Mathematics Placement Test at a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Gifted Residential High School." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1594656968297342.
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Burdisso, R. A. "Seismic response analysis of multiply connected secondary systems." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49996.
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An analytical formulation for seismic analysis of multiply supported secondary systems is developed. The formulation is based on the random vibration theory of structural systems subjected to correlated inputs at several points. The response of the secondary systems is expressed as a combination of the dynamic, pseudo-static and cross response components. The dynamic part is associated with the inertial effect induced by the support accelerations. The pseudo-static part is due to the relative displacement between supports, and the cross part takes into account the correlation between these two parts of the response. The seismic input in this approach is defined in terms of the auto and cross pseudo-acceleration and relative velocity floor spectra. The information about floor displacements and velocities as well as their correlations is required for calculating the pseudo-static and cross response components. These inputs can be directly obtained from the ground response spectra. The interaction effect between the primary and secondary systems is studied. This effect is specially significant when the modes of the secondary system are tuned or nearly tuned to the modes of the primary system. The floor spectral inputs are appropriately modified to take into account this interaction effect. The design response of the secondary system when computed with these modified floor inputs will incorporate the interaction effect. The applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated by several numerical examples.Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata
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Secrest, Mallory L. "Narratives of Collegiate Female Athletes Who Sustained Multiple Injuries." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1268860521.
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Azhar, Zubir Bin. "Organisational change, accounting change and situational logics : an intra-organisational analysis of reengineering in a Malaysian government-linked company." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/organisational-change-accounting-change-and-situational-logics-an-intraorganisational-analysis-of-reengineering-in-a-malaysian-governmentlinked-company(522daa1b-a3cc-4c70-bd68-ed3f174e6680).html.
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This thesis presents an interpretive case study of a Malaysian Government-linked Company (GLC) namely Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (MAHB) which has recently implemented a business reengineering programme. This change programme was imposed by MAHB's parent company as part of a wider government reform agenda to address GLCs' 'underperformance' post-privatisation. Since long-term business value has become an increasingly important goal, MAHB has attempted to enhance its performance through various change initiatives which have led to institutional change. The thesis analyses the role of situational logics in the context of this institutional change, drawing on the situated logics perspective developed by ter Bogt and Scapens (2014), together with insights from the institutional logics and practice variations literature. Using semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis and observation, the study provides a comparative analysis of three subsidiaries and their relationship with the Finance Division's accounting change. The thesis recognises there are diverse situational logics that different groups of organisational actors apply in their day-to-day activities and change initiatives, emerging from a complex interplay of contextual and historical forces. This recognition enables us to understand how the three subsidiaries and the Finance Division of MAHB have differently interpreted the notion of performance improvement by applying these diverse situational logics. It sheds light on the issue of how accounting change can give rise to different responses. While the different responses present a theoretical puzzle-why there are different responses to accounting change-this thesis delineates how situational logics shape organisational responses by relating them to the underlying taken-for-granted assumptions of different groups of organisational actors. The thesis shows that the existence of diverse (or rather multiple) situational logics has led to multiple responses from different groups of organisational actors in the different parts of MAHB. The thesis also shows how multiple situational logics can co-exist or conflict and how this is contingent upon the compatibility and/or incompatibility of different interests at the intra-organisational level. Issues concerning multiple changes and multiple responses to institutional pressures, competing interests between public service and profitability, and the interplay of acceptance and resistance are all discussed in the thesis. Using the situational logics perspective, the thesis contributes to understanding the complexity of the ongoing processes of both the organisational change and accounting change at the intra-organisational level. This perspective enables us to understand the different courses of action and practices within the different parts of MAHB due to their situated functionalities. The thesis concludes by discussing the implications of the research findings and possible directions for future research.
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Grigolon, Silvia. "Modelling and inference for biological systems : from auxin dynamics in plants to protein sequences." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112178/document.
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Tous les systèmes biologiques sont formés d’atomes et de molécules qui interagissent et dont émergent des propriétés subtiles et complexes. Par ces interactions, les organismes vivants peuvent subvenir à toutes leurs fonctions vitales. Ces propriétés apparaissent dans tous les systèmes biologiques à des niveaux différents, du niveau des molécules et gènes jusqu’aux niveau des cellules et tissus. Ces dernières années, les physiciens se sont impliqués dans la compréhension de ces aspects particulièrement intrigants, en particulier en étudiant les systèmes vivants dans le cadre de la théorie des réseaux, théorie qui offre des outils d’analyse très puissants. Il est possible aujourd’hui d’identifier deux classes d’approches qui sont utilisée pour étudier ces types de systèmes complexes : les méthodes directes de modélisation et les approches inverses d’inférence. Dans cette thèse, mon travail est basé sur les deux types d’approches appliquées à trois niveaux de systèmes biologiques. Dans la première partie de la thèse, je me concentre sur les premières étapes du développement des tissus biologiques des plantes. Je propose un nouveau modèle pour comprendre la dynamique collective des transporteurs de l’hormone auxine et qui permet la croissance non-homogène des tissu dans l’espace et le temps. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, j’analyse comment l’évolution contraint la diversité́ de séquence des protéines tout en conservant leur fonction dans différents organismes. En particulier, je propose une nouvelle méthode pour inférer les sites essentiels pour la fonction ou la structure de protéines à partir d’un ensemble de séquences biologiques. Finalement, dans la troisième partie de la thèse, je travaille au niveau cellulaire et étudie les réseaux de signalisation associés à l’auxine. Dans ce contexte, je reformule un modèle préexistant et propose une nouvelle technique qui permet de définir et d’étudier la réponse du système aux signaux externes pour des topologies de réseaux différentes. J’exploite ce cadre théorique pour identifier le rôle fonctionnel de différentes topologies dans ces systèmesAll biological systems are made of atoms and molecules interacting in a non- trivial manner. Such non-trivial interactions induce complex behaviours allow- ing organisms to fulfill all their vital functions. These features can be found in all biological systems at different levels, from molecules and genes up to cells and tissues. In the past few decades, physicists have been paying much attention to these intriguing aspects by framing them in network approaches for which a number of theoretical methods offer many powerful ways to tackle systemic problems. At least two different ways of approaching these challenges may be considered: direct modeling methods and approaches based on inverse methods. In the context of this thesis, we made use of both methods to study three different problems occurring on three different biological scales. In the first part of the thesis, we mainly deal with the very early stages of tissue development in plants. We propose a model aimed at understanding which features drive the spontaneous collective behaviour in space and time of PINs, the transporters which pump the phytohormone auxin out of cells. In the second part of the thesis, we focus instead on the structural properties of proteins. In particular we ask how conservation of protein function across different organ- isms constrains the evolution of protein sequences and their diversity. Hereby we propose a new method to extract the sequence positions most relevant for protein function. Finally, in the third part, we study intracellular molecular networks that implement auxin signaling in plants. In this context, and using extensions of a previously published model, we examine how network structure affects network function. The comparison of different network topologies provides insights into the role of different modules and of a negative feedback loop in particular. Our introduction of the dynamical response function allows us to characterize the systemic properties of the auxin signaling when external stimuli are applied
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Lim, Jongmin. "Synthesis of Multiple Polybetaine Block Copolymers and Analysis of Their Self-Assembly in Aqueous Media." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253307.
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Talbot, Tracey D. "Analysis and modelling of the multiple responses of the Ste-Marguerite River to large-scale meander rectification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64463.pdf.
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Avdan, Nazlı. "Cultural Identity as a Discursive Product : Multiple Voices Towards Discursive Construction of Lazi Identity." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk och kultur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69285.
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Ethno-linguistic diversities and the rights to enjoy and maintain indigenous languages and identities has been a central issue in the socio-political agenda of Turkey since the foundation of the Republic of Turkey. The Lazi have taken their part in the discussions concerning minority rights through the discourses of a group of Lazi activists since the early 1990s.This study aims to examine the discursive construction of Lazi identity with close attention to its various actors and the context in which the process is carried out. To this end, selected texts by the social actors who are involved in the Lazi identity building process are studied in terms of various functions of language contributing to the communicative production of discourses. The content of written and oral commentaries by various social actors who are influential in the Lazi identity building process is studied using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA).The study concludes that the construction of Lazi identity is an on-going process which is developed by influential social actors. The discourses of Lazi activists display a dilemma between the commitment to establish or re-establish a distinct Lazi identity with emphasis on a distinct language and culture rooted in ancient history and a determination to remain a component of the Republic of Turkey.
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Bradshaw, Wendy Lea. "Examining Experiences of Early Intervention Providers Serving Culturally Diverse Families: A Multiple Case Study Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5452.
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The cultural and linguistic diversity of the United States is growing rapidly and early intervention service providers are very likely to work with families whose cultures differ from their own. Service providers must consider the multiple cultural factors of families which contribute to family dynamics and the potential for miscommunication is high when the cultural frameworks of early intervention providers differ from those of the families they serve. Culturally responsive practices have been put forth in the theoretical literature as a way to increase successful communication and service provision but there is limited research investigating the beliefs, experiences, and practices of early intervention providers regarding cultural responsiveness and the efficacy of specific practices.
This study utilized an exploratory case study methodology with multiple case analyses to investigate the expressed beliefs and practices of in-service early intervention providers regarding culturally responsive practices and comparing them to the tenets of best practice set forth in the conceptual literature. Specifically, the study tested the theory that cultural responsiveness is an integral component of effective early intervention service provision.
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Feng, Lijin. "Functional analysis of p53 N-terminal phosphorylation and C-terminal multiple posttranslational modifications in regulating p53 responses to DNA damage." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3230032.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 17, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kornder, Niklas Alexander. "Using Regression-Based Effect Size Meta-Analysis to Investigate Coral Responses to Climate Change." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/415.
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Attempts to quantify the effects of ocean acidification and warming (OAW) on scleractinian corals provide a growing body of response measurements. However, placing empirical results into an ecological context is challenging, owing to variations that reflect both natural heterogeneity and scientific bias. This study addresses the heterogeneity of climate change induced changes in coral recruitment and calcification. To discern scientific bias and identify drivers of the remaining heterogeneity, 100 publications were analyzed using a combination of weighted mixed effects meta-regression and factorial effect size meta‑analysis. A linear model was applied to quantify the variation caused by differing stress levels across studies. The least squares predictions were then used to standardize individual study outcomes and effect size meta-analysis was performed on original and standardized outcomes separately. On average, increased temperature significantly reduces larval survival, while ocean acidification impedes settlement and calcification. Coral resistance to OAW is likely governed by biological traits (genera and life cycle stage), environmental factors (abiotic variability) and experimental design (feeding regime, stressor magnitude, and exposure duration). Linear models suggest that calcification rates are driven by carbonate and bicarbonate concentrations, which act additively with warming. Standardizing outcomes to linear model predictions proved useful in discerning strong sources of scientific bias. The approach used in this study can improve modelling projections and inform policy and management on changes in coral community structure associated with the expected future intensification of OAW.
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Tavares, Lucas Alves. "O envolvimento da proteína adaptadora 1 (AP-1) no mecanismo de regulação negativa do receptor CD4 por Nef de HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06012017-113215/.
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O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) é o agente etiológico da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). A AIDS é uma doença de distribuição mundial, e estima-se que existam atualmente pelo menos 36,9 milhões de pessoas infectadas com o vírus. Durante o seu ciclo replicativo, o HIV promove diversas alterações na fisiologia da célula hospedeira a fim de promover sua sobrevivência e potencializar a replicação. A rápida progressão da infecção pelo HIV-1 em humanos e em modelos animais está intimamente ligada à função da proteína acessória Nef. Dentre as diversas ações de Nef está a regulação negativa de proteínas importantes na resposta imunológica, como o receptor CD4. Sabe-se que esta ação resulta da indução da degradação de CD4 em lisossomos, mas os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos ainda são totalmente elucidados. Nef forma um complexo tripartite com a cauda citosólica de CD4 e a proteína adaptadora 2 (AP-2), em vesículas revestidas por clatrina nascentes, induzindo a internalização e degradação lisossomal de CD4. Pesquisas anteriores demonstraram que o direcionamento de CD4 aos lisossomos por Nef envolve a entrada do receptor na via dos corpos multivesiculares (MVBs), por um mecanismo atípico, pois, embora não necessite da ubiquitinação de carga, depende da ação de proteínas que compõem os ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) e da ação de Alix, uma proteína acessória da maquinaria ESCRT. Já foi reportado que Nef interage com subunidades dos complexos AP-1, AP-2, AP-3 e Nef não parece interagir com subunidades de AP-4 e AP-5. Entretanto, o papel da interação de Nef com AP-1 e AP-3 na regulação negativa de CD4 ainda não está totalmente elucidado. Ademais, AP-1, AP-2 e AP-3 são potencialmente heterogêneos devido à existência de isoformas múltiplas das subunidades codificadas por diferentes genes. Todavia, existem poucos estudos para demonstrar se as diferentes combinações de isoformas dos APs são formadas e se possuem propriedades funcionais distintas. O presente trabalho procurou identificar e caracterizar fatores celulares envolvidos na regulação do tráfego intracelular de proteínas no processo de regulação negativa de CD4 induzido por Nef. Mais especificamente, este estudo buscou caracterizar a participação do complexo AP-1 na modulação negativa de CD4 por Nef de HIV-1, através do estudo funcional das duas isoformas de ?-adaptina, subunidades de AP-1. Utilizando a técnica de Pull-down demonstramos que Nef é capaz de interagir com ?2. Além disso, nossos dados de Imunoblot indicaram que a proteína ?2-adaptina, e não ?1-adaptina, é necessária no processo de degradação lisossomal de CD4 por Nef e que esta participação é conservada para degradação de CD4 por Nef de diferentes cepas virais. Ademais, por citometria de fluxo, o silenciamento de ?2, e não de ?1, compromete a diminuição dos níveis de CD4 por Nef da membrana plasmática. A análise por imunofluorêsncia indireta também revelou que a diminuição dos níveis de ?2 impede a redistribuição de CD4 por Nef para regiões perinucleares, acarretando no acúmulo de CD4, retirados por Nef da membrana plasmática, em endossomos primários. A depleção de ?1A, outra subunidade de AP-1, acarretou na diminuição dos níveis celulares de ?2 e ?1, bem como, no comprometimento da eficiente degradação de CD4 por Nef. Além disso, foi possível observar que, ao perturbar a maquinaria ESCRT via super-expressão de HRS (uma subunidade do complexo ESCRT-0), ocorreu um acumulo de ?2 em endossomos dilatados contendo HRS-GFP, nos quais também detectou-se CD4 que foi internalizado por Nef. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que ?2-adaptina é uma importante molécula para o direcionamento de CD4 por Nef para a via ESCRT/MVB, mostrando ser uma proteína relevante no sistema endo-lisossomal. Ademais, os resultados indicaram que as isoformas ?-adaptinas não só possuem funções distintas, mas também parecem compor complexos AP-1 com diferentes funções celulares, já que apenas a variante AP-1 contendo ?2, mas não ?1, participa da regulação negativa de CD4 por Nef. Estes estudos contribuem para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na atividade de Nef, que poderão também ajudar na melhor compreensão da patogênese do HIV e da síndrome relacionada. Em adição, este trabalho contribui para o entendimento de processos fundamentais da regulação do tráfego de proteínas transmembrana no sistema endo-lisossomal.The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease which has a global distribution, and it is estimated that there are currently at least 36.9 million people infected with the virus. During the replication cycle, HIV promotes several changes in the physiology of the host cell to promote their survival and enhance replication. The fast progression of HIV-1 in humans and animal models is closely linked to the function of an accessory protein Nef. Among several actions of Nef, one is the most important is the down-regulation of proteins from the immune response, such as the CD4 receptor. It is known that this action causes CD4 degradation in lysosome, but the molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Nef forms a tripartite complex with the cytosolic tail of the CD4 and adapter protein 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated vesicles, inducing CD4 internalization and lysosome degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that CD4 target to lysosomes by Nef involves targeting of this receptor to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway by an atypical mechanism because, although not need charging ubiquitination, depends on the proteins from ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery and the action of Alix, an accessory protein ESCRT machinery. It has been reported that Nef interacts with subunits of AP- 1, AP-2, AP-3 complexes and Nef does not appear to interact with AP-4 and AP-5 subunits. However, the role of Nef interaction with AP-1 or AP-3 in CD4 down-regulation is poorly understood. Furthermore, AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 are potentially heterogeneous due to the existence of multiple subunits isoforms encoded by different genes. However, there are few studies to demonstrate if the different combinations of APs isoforms are form and if they have distinct functional properties. This study aim to identify and characterize cellular factors involved on CD4 down-modulation induced by Nef from HIV-1. More specifically, this study aimed to characterize the involvement of AP-1 complex in the down-regulation of CD4 by Nef HIV-1 through the functional study of the two isoforms of ?-adaptins, AP-1 subunits. By pull-down technique, we showed that Nef is able to interact with ?2. In addition, our data from immunoblots indicated that ?2- adaptin, not ?1-adaptin, is required in Nef-mediated targeting of CD4 to lysosomes and the ?2 participation in this process is conserved by Nef from different viral strains. Furthermore, by flow cytometry assay, ?2 depletion, but not ?1 depletion, compromises the reduction of surface CD4 levels induced by Nef. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis also revealed that ?2 depletion impairs the redistribution of CD4 by Nef to juxtanuclear region, resulting in CD4 accumulation in primary endosomes. Knockdown of ?1A, another subunit of AP-1, resulted in decreased cellular levels of ?1 and ?2 and, compromising the efficient CD4 degradation by Nef. Moreover, upon artificially stabilizing ESCRT-I in early endosomes, via overexpression of HRS, internalized CD4 accumulates in enlarged HRS-GFP positive endosomes, where co-localize with ?2. Together, the results indicate that ?2-adaptin is a molecule that is essential for CD4 targeting by Nef to ESCRT/MVB pathway, being an important protein in the endo-lysosomal system. Furthermore, the results indicate that ?-adaptins isoforms not only have different functions, but also seem to compose AP-1 complex with distinct cell functions, and only the AP-1 variant comprising ?2, but not ?1, acts in the CD4 down-regulation induced by Nef. These studies contribute to a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in Nef activities, which may also help to improve the understanding of the HIV pathogenesis and the related syndrome. In addition, this work contributes with the understanding of primordial process regulation on intracellular trafficking of transmembrane proteins.
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Wang, Chung-Ho, and 王春和. "Optimization of Multiple Responses and Ordered Categorical Response Using Grey Relational Analysis." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12519506763775644913.
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博士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系
89
More than one quality characteristic must be simultaneously considered to enhance the product quality in light of the increasing complexity of modern product design. In addition, in some cases, the quality characteristic is measured by ordered categories. Most of the existed optimizing methods for multiple responses or ordered categorical response involved complicated mathematical theory, therefore they cannot practically be used for engineers without an extensive statistical background. Furthermore, considering time and cost, the manufacturer can always conduct a partial experimental design only. That is, the experimental data obtained using an orthogonal array table is a Grey system with incomplete information particularly in optimizing multiple responses case. Hence, this study developed an optimization method for multiple responses and ordered categorical response using Grey relational analysis and the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) to effectively enhance the off-line quality control. The calculation for Grey relational analysis is rather easy, therefore, engineers can use it practically. Finally, real-word cases are utilized to demonstrate the feasibility and verify the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
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Lin, Lung-Chang, and 林隆昌. "Optimization of Multiple Responses using Grey Relational Analysis and Dual Response Surface Methodology." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45427507732898826583.
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碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
101
Design of Experiment and Taguchi Method are two major off-line quality control methods used by industry to find the optimal factor-level combination. However, these two methods can only optimize single response. In recent years, the required product quality becomes complex. The innovation, design, quality of a product and manufacturing process techniques are important criteria to measure the product value. Even though we want all quality characteristics to be perfect, it is hart to reach the goal owing to the limitation of resources. Thus, we need to develop a methodology to optimize multiple responses simultaneously. This study utilizes Grey Relational Analysis and Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) to construct dual response surfaces for grey relational grade of ideal solution and negative ideal solution ,respectively, for every treatment of the designed experiments to find the optimal factor-level combination. A real case from a wafer manufacturing company in Science Park at Hsinchu, Taiwan is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Wang, Wen Hui, and 王文煇. "The response spectral analysis of multiple-support bridge structure." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17617721091325160605.
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Liu, Yu-Wen, and 劉宇文. "The automated analysis to multiple-strategies of constructed-response item." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49169910674500657734.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
教育測驗統計研究所
102
This study take "proportional" unit which is elementary mathematics, with multiple-strategies of constructed-response item to development automated analysis which can analysis problem solving strategies, skills, and types of errors at the same time. This study also compare different automated analysis of the effectiveness, and diagnostic results. There are four conclusions of this study: 1. The average of analysis strategies by block-analysis is 94.28%. The average of analysis skills by block-analysis is 91.40%. The average of analysis types of errors by block-analysis is 96.76% 2. The average of analysis strategies by Petri net analysis is 94.28%. The average of analysis skills by Petri net is 95.63%. The average of analysis types of errors by Petri net analysis is 97.83%. 3. The average of analysis strategies by combination of Petri net and block-analysis is 97.43%. The average of analysis skills by combination of Petri net and block-analysis is 96.94%. The average of analysis types of errors by combination of Petri net and block-analysis is 98.15%. 4. The combination of Petri net and block-analysis is the best automated diagnostic analysis, whether in problem-solving strategies, skills, the type of error.
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Huang, Yi-Ting, and 黃依庭. "Analysis of Response Time of Multiple Station Suppliers Production Systems." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83322848243402270168.
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碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
103
Recently, there is a big competition in the global supply chain among enterprises. Not only in the advances of production technology but also in the quality of products which are being improved year by year. Lean manufacturing method is one of the major reasons of these improvements, which lead to more efficient productions. The customer initiates the pull production system which requires lower safety stocks. Production is only done when there is a standing order which prevents unnecessary wastes and inventory costs. Thus, we model a lean production systems as a queueing network and then calculate the On-Time-Delivery-Rate. As supply chains become increasingly dependent on the suppliers, supply chain disruption risk has become an important issue. Retailers reduce the risk of supply disruptions by selecting multiple suppliers. Researchers described the relationship of cooperation and competition between manufacturers and suppliers, and that increasing the backup vendors will also increase costs for manufacturers. The key point is finding the relation between manufacturers and suppliers that can reduce their production costs, avoid supply chain disruptions, and other problems. Thus, this research will propose a pull production of multi-station and multi-station machining supplier of production systems by phase-type distribution, under a stable state of basic inventory levels. Furthermore queuing method specifically MGM (Matrix-Geometric Method, MGM) is applied to obtain the probability limit and define the required supply chain inventory levels at a substantially stable condition. When customer arrives and places an order, the system starts production and satisfies the customer’s demand. The time it takes to satisfy the demand is called the response time. When the supply chain is experiencing an interruption, an alternate supplier is asked to satisfy the demand. The time that the supplier can supply the demand at the right time is called the On-Time-Delivery-Rate. The response time and On-Time-Delivery-Rate will be very useful for managers in their decision making and will be a good measures for their system assessment.
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Wu, Chang-Ye, and 吳昌曄. "Analysis of response time of Multiple Suppliers and Outsourced Manufacturer Streamline Production Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61173037444394840533.
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碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
102
In the current trend of globalization, the competition becomes more intense, companies require the lowest product cost, best quality and fast and punctual delivery, so lean production is a good choice, in a small amount of safety stock under taking pull production methods, producing products only when there is order to avoid excessive WIP (Work In Process), and unnecessary inventory costs. Also because of globalization, suppliers may be distributed all over the world. The local and global locations of these suppliers make them susceptible to some disasters or disruption risks such as earthquakes, floods, financial crisis, strikes, bankruptcy and terrorists’ attacks, which may result to lack of raw materials and parts, production suspension, factory closure, and/or indirectly bring out serious losses to the entire supply chain network. In this study, we consider a system with multiple suppliers and outsourced manufacturer, to describe the state of the different stages of type processing station and different suppliers by Phase-type distribution, it corresponds to the transfer rate of the matrix and the initial probability, and calculates the probability of customer waiting time of the system is less than the time of delivery by Phase-type distribution, which is known as On-Time-Delivery-Rate. Computing OTDR (On-Time-Delivery-Rate) by phase-type distribution, we further study the multiple suppliers and outsourced manufacturer system after one supplier is suffering disruption by assessing how long the system can survive based on the existing resources and to calculate the response time when one supplier is suffering disruption by adopting the absorbing states.
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Lai, Chi-Wei, and 賴驥緯. "Bayesian evaluation of response styles in polytomous data with multiple group factor analysis model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91459079720465445262.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
數學系
104
The main purpose of this study is to use Bayesian estimation and Bayes factor to test for response styles in polytomous data using multiple group categorical confirmatory factor analysis model. Joint Bayesian estimates of the thresholds, the factor means and variances, as well as the factor loadings using Gibbs sampling are proposed subjected to some minimal identifiability constraints. Bayes factor is used to test hypotheses of different types of response styles with their corresponding inequality constraints among the thresholds. Our simulation studies show that Bayes factor is effective in testing for different types of response styles. Analysis of an international comparative research suggests that Italy, despite having similar mean attitude, exhibits the acquiescent response style on how much they think information and communication technology improve the student's achievement or ability compared to France.
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Chen, Hsin-Tsai, and 陳新財. "Study of the Taguchi method Multiple Responses and Response Using Grey Relational Analysis for the Brushless DC MotorPID Control System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66969530455113380109.
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碩士桃園創新技術學院
機械工程系機械與機電工程碩士班
104
In, the finite element analysis, software, MATLAB, is used to PID analyze the Brushless DC Motor of the control theory. Analysis transfer functions model，to find transfer functions With MATLAB numerical technology Kp、Ki、Kd parameters get the optimal design parameters and into actual contro l system and adjust PID parameter And it is easier for us to drive motor. to achieve the highEfficiency.
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Hui-HonWu and 吳飛宏. "Analysis of Emotional Response and Meditation Assessment by Using Poincare Plot and Multiple Physiological Parameters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33506373317409612204.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
98
In the modern time, people are easy to accumulate mental stress because of their busy work. As a result, they often have negative emotions, which in turn may cause the disease depression, manic depression, insomnia and other symptoms after a long time. In the previous studies, meditation and deep breathing exercises can have a significant effect on your physical and mental relaxations . In this study, we have integrated electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and also use Poincare Plot to analyze the emotional responses. Poincare Plot has the advantages of having simplified calculation process and being very suitable for a short time data analysis. By using HRV based on ECG, we can understand the balance of autonomic nervous activity, and EMG can be used to measure the contraction and relaxation of participants’ specific facial muscles. By using the self-designed emotional respose analysis system and applying the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with Life Health Questionnaire (SF-36), we can select the healthy subjects who meets the requirements of our experiments objectively. In our research, we measured the related physiological responses of the subjects by stimulating them with different pictures. We also observe the effects of meditation relaxation exercises and deep breathing on the emotional responses of the subjects. Finally, we found that the SD2,and SD2/SD1of Poincare Plot show higher outcome when watching more provocative picture. It indicates the increase of sympathetic activity. And after the subjects completing meditation practice or deep breathing exercises, the SD2 is significantly higher than before, and it represents that the emotional responses are not vulnerable to the interference of environmental stimulation.
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Su, Jiunren, and 蘇俊仁. "Evaluation Of Multiple Indexes For Arterial Wall Compliance Based On The Analysis Of The Step Response Waveform." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20791167544293990393.
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碩士義守大學
生物醫學工程學系
100
Human arterial hardening appears increasingly significant when they become older. Up to now, there are no ways to accurately determine the degree of the arterial compliance in the clinical setting. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a noninvasive system for measuring the arterial wall properties by means of a step excitation method, and to quantitatively analyze the arterial stiffness index .When a radial artery wall was excited by an external step stimulus, its dynamic response was recorded using the measuring system developed. In 43 subjects of age 18-25, the natural frequency of the radial artery was significantly higher in the smoking group (20 male) than the non-smoking group (13 male and 10 female) (14.01±2.93 versus 8.92±2.35 Hz, p<0.05). In addition, the smoking group has significantly greater arterial stiffness indexes Pr1 (amplitude of the first peak divided by normal peak) and Pr2 (amplitude of the second peak divided by normal peak) that those in the non-smoking group, respectively (67.84±23.16 versus 19.97±8.14%, p<0.001; 28.12±11.80 versus 9.44±4.69%, p<0.001). Also, a linear relationship (r=0.665) was found between Pr1 and Pr2 in all subjects. Briefly, in the thesis, an automatic arterial stiffness measurement system is developed, and the arterial stiffness indexes and other parameters are successfully extracted from the step response waveform. This suggests that the developed system has potential applications to assess vascular wall variables, especially the arterial stiffness.
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Jain, A., Roger M. Phillips, Andy J. Scally, G. Lenaz, M. Beer, and Rajiv Puri. "Response of multiple recurrent TaT1 bladder cancer to intravesical apaziquone (EO9): Comparative analysis of tumour recurrence rates." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5677.
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Objectives
Previous studies have demonstrated that intravesical administration of apaziquone (EOquin) has ablative activity against superficial bladder cancer marker lesions with 8 out of 12 complete responses recorded. We present a comparison between the rates of tumor recurrence before and after treatment with apaziquone.
Methods
The rate of tumor recurrence after treatment with apaziquone was compared with each patient's historical record of recurrences obtained from a retrospective analysis of the patients' case notes. The time to each recurrence event before apaziquone treatment and the time to the first recurrence after apaziquone treatment were recorded, and the data were analyzed using a population-averaged linear regression model using Stata Release, version 9.2, software.
Results
Of the eight complete responses obtained in the Phase I study, tumor recurrence occurred in 4 patients and the remaining 4 patients remained disease free after a median follow-up of 31 months. The time to the first recurrence after apaziquone treatment was significantly longer (P <0.001) compared with the historical pattern and recurrence interval before apaziquone. Before apaziquone instillation, the mean ± SE recurrence rate and tumor rate per year was 1.5 ± 0.2 and 4.8 ± 1.2, respectively, and these decreased to 0.6 ± 0.25 and 1.5 ± 0.8, respectively, after apaziquone treatment (P <0.05).
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that early recurrences after treatment with apaziquone are infrequent and the interval to recurrence is significantly greater compared with the historical recurrence times for these patients. Larger prospective randomised trials are warranted to confirm these results.
Aapaziquone (EOquin, USAN, E09, 3-hydroxy-5-aziridinyl-1-methyl-2[indole-4,7-dione]¿prop-¿-en-¿-ol) belongs to a class of anticancer agents known as bioreductive drugs that require metabolism by cellular reductases to generate a cytotoxic species.1 Although it is chemically related to mitomycin C, apaziquone has a distinctly different mechanism of action and preclinical activity profile.1 and 2 The initial optimism generated by its preclinical activity profile rapidly evaporated after the demonstration that intravenously administered apaziquone was clinically inactive against a range of solid tumors in Phase II clinical trials.3 and 4 Several possible explanations were considered for its lack of efficacy, but poor drug delivery to the tumor because of the rapid pharmacokinetic elimination of apaziquone in conjunction with relatively poor penetration through avascular tissue was considered to be the principal reason.5 On the basis of the rationale that intravesical administration would circumvent the problem of drug delivery and any apaziquone absorbed into the blood stream would be rapidly cleared,6 a Phase I-II clinical pilot study of intravesical administration of apaziquone to superficial bladder tumors was established.7 The results of that trial demonstrated that intravesically administered apaziquone has ablative activity against superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) marker lesions.7 These results were confirmed and extended in a Phase II clinical trial of 47 patients with superficial bladder TCC, in which complete responses were obtained in 67% of patients.8 Because all the enrolled patients in the original trial7 had had multiple recurrences after previous intravesical chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, the purpose of the present study was, first, to report the recurrences that occurred after apaziquone treatment and, second, to study the effect of apaziquone instillation on the recurrence rate by statistically comparing these results with the historical pattern of recurrences for each patient before treatment with apaziquone.
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Sylvanus, Udoette Ubong. "Imputation techniques for improving survey outcomes in Nigeria: the case of the business expectation survey (BES) of the central bank of Nigeria." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21449.
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Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Information Analysis and ManagementOver the years, the issue of respondents’ apathy, missing data and item non-response in particular, has remained a major concern with regards to analyses of survey-based studies undertaken by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Researchers and policy analysis within the CBN has been plagued by the growing quantum of item non-response. This dissertation will attempt to empirically analyze and recommend the best imputation technique for item nonresponse in surveys undertaken by the Bank. The case in point will be the Business Expectations Survey (BES) conducted quarterly by the CBN. It will take a specific items/questions in the BES for which there are complete responses and undertake a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) of the responses. Using a complete randomize scheme (table of random numbers) it will exclude 15 – 35 percent of responses as if they were item nonresponse and proceed to replace them through various imputation technique. After which the MCA will be repeated for each of the derived data sets and the result compared with that of the original data sets. The matrices of principal coordinates are compared using the RV coefficient (Escoufier, 1973), a measure of similarity between two datasets such that a value of 1 indicates complete similarity and 0 indicates complete dissimilarity. This coefficient is a generalization of the square of Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The result of the RV coefficient analysis and well as the analysis of some selected summary statistics will be used to recommend the best imputation technique for such item non-responses in future surveys.
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Hsieh, Fu-Pei, and 謝甫佩. "Affective Response, Thinking Disposition, Scientific Creative Thinking, and Scientific Reasoning: Evaluation of Multiple Models and Case Analysis for Scientific Thinking." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gx5p5k.
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博士國立高雄師範大學
科學教育研究所
97
Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the 12 SEM models for affective response, thinking disposition, scientific creative thinking, and scientific reasoning with the data from 171 valid questionnaires collected. In addition, case analysis elaborated on concrete content of the best model. Instruments used include Affective Response Scale, Thinking Disposition Scale, Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning, and Scientific Creative Thinking Test. Results indicated the 7th model was the best model for affective response, thinking disposition, scientific creative thinking, and scientific reasoning. The majority of the fit indices have indicated good fit of the best model to the data. The main findings included (1) Affective response had significantly direct effects on thinking disposition which was .675, direct and indirect effects on scientific creative thinking and scientific reasoning were .399 and .538; (2) Thinking disposition had significantly direct effects on scientific creative thinking which was .124, and indirect effects on scientific reasoning which was .078; (3) Scientific creative thinking had a significantly direct effect on scientific reasoning which was .623. Furthermore, case analysis revealed that students enjoyed inquisitive activities performed better than they did not engage in good thinking. These results indicated that best model and case analysis could be used to explain and predict the performance and the relationships of affective response, thinking disposition, scientific creative thinking and scientific reasoning in students’ scientific thinking. Implications for teaching of scientific thinking and future research were discussed.
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Rumore, Jillian. "Application and interpretation of multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for Escherichia coli O157:H7 laboratory surveillance and outbreak response in Canada, 2008-2012." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23863.
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To enhance outbreak investigations of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7, PulseNet Canada has recently applied Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) as a supplemental subtyping tool in combination with the gold standard subtyping method Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) for enhanced resolution of isolates exhibiting indistinguishable/highly similar PFGE patterns. The objective was to assess the discriminatory power and level of specificity MLVA offers for outbreak detection and response. Results demonstrate that MLVA provides a statistically significant increase in discriminatory power for outbreak investigations (0.998) compared to PFGE alone (0.993). MLVA was able to provide additional resolution over PFGE analysis and generally agreed with PFGE when isolates were identical and epidemiologically linked. MLVA shows great promise as a molecular epidemiological tool to complement PFGE, as it improves case categorization during outbreak investigations, and the greatest benefits of MLVA may be realized during routine surveillance, when epidemiological information is not available.