Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multiple response analysis

Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple response analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple response analysis"

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Edwards, Yancy D., and Greg M. Allenby. "Multivariate Analysis of Multiple Response Data." Journal of Marketing Research 40, no. 3 (August 2003): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.321.19233.

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Multiple response questions, also known as a pick any/J format, are frequently encountered in the analysis of survey data. The relationship among the responses is difficult to explore when the number of response options, J, is large. The authors propose a multivariate binomial probit model for analyzing multiple response data and use standard multivariate analysis techniques to conduct exploratory analysis on the latent multivariate normal distribution. A challenge of estimating the probit model is addressing identifying restrictions that lead to the covariance matrix specified with unit-diagonal elements (i.e., a correlation matrix). The authors propose a general approach to handling identifying restrictions and develop specific algorithms for the multivariate binomial probit model. The estimation algorithm is efficient and can easily accommodate many response options that are frequently encountered in the analysis of marketing data. The authors illustrate multivariate analysis of multiple response data in three applications.
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Ruzicka, Gene C., and Thomas L. Geers. "Transient response analysis of multiple submerged structures." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 6, no. 2 (December 1989): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-874x(89)90041-3.

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Li, Liang, and Xuesong Chu. "Multiple response surfaces for slope reliability analysis." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 39, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.2304.

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Gutiérrez, Ester, and Sebastián Lozano. "Data Envelopment Analysis of multiple response experiments." Applied Mathematical Modelling 34, no. 5 (May 2010): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2009.08.001.

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Berry, Kenneth J., and Paul W. Mielke. "Longitudinal Analysis of Data with Multiple Binary Category Choices." Psychological Reports 93, no. 1 (August 2003): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.127.

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In many experiments, subjects mark all categories that apply when responding to a cafeteria or multiple-response question. One exact and two approximate permutation methods are described to analyze binary answers to multiple-response questions in longitudinal experimental designs, wherein the same or matched subjects respond to the same multiple-response question over two or more trials. The described methods provide probabilities, under the null hypothesis, that the multiple binary responses do not differ over trials.
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Berry, Kenneth J., and P. W. Mielke. "Permutation Analysis of Data with Multiple Binary Category Choices." Psychological Reports 92, no. 1 (February 2003): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.1.91.

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In many studies, respondents may mark all answers that apply when responding to a multiple-choice question, i.e., a cafeteria or multiple-response question. One exact and two approximate permutation methods are described to analyze multiple-response questions. The methods provide the probability, under the null hypothesis, that the multiple binary responses do not differ among specified groups.
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Lehmacher, Walter, Meinhard Kieser, and Ludwig Hothorn. "Sequential and Multiple Testing for Dose-Response Analysis." Drug Information Journal 34, no. 2 (April 2000): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286150003400227.

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Tomić, J. J., P. D. Poljak, and M. D. Kušljević. "Frequency‐response‐controlled multiple‐resonator‐based harmonic analysis." Electronics Letters 54, no. 4 (February 2018): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.4180.

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Bonfa, E., R. Llovet, and K. Elkon. "Immunoblot analysis of IgG subclasses of multiple lupus autoantibodies." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 7 (April 1, 1988): 2231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.7.2231.

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Abstract Sera from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed for the subclass distribution of IgG autoantibodies to saline-soluble intracellular proteins. To assess the response to all Ag, an immunoblot technique was used, and strips were sequentially probed with patient sera, monoclonal anti-subclass sera, and a labeled anti-mouse reagent. The relative proportions of each subclass reactive with a specific Ag was determined semi-quantitatively by densitometric scanning. Overall, all of the IgG subclasses were involved in the autoantibody response, although the frequency of detection was highest for IgG1 and lowest for IgG4. When the subclass responses to different Ag were compared, IgG1 was the major subclass reactive with the Ro, La, and U1 ribonucleoprotein Ag, whereas IgG1 and IgG2 were almost equally represented in the responses to the Sm BB' and D Ag as well as to the ribosomal P proteins. Individual patient sera frequently showed discordance between the dominant subclass reactive against apparently unrelated proteins and even against proteins within the same antigenic particle (e.g., the Sm BB' and D proteins). These observations indicate that there are two major patterns of subclass response to the common lupus autoantigens but that considerable variation between patients and even within the same patient (to different Ag) occurs.
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Ko, Sungbae. "Multiple-response sequences in classroom talk." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 4.1–4.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0904.

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This paper examines multiple-response sequences (MRSs), occurring in adult Korean TESOL classrooms, to show the responses produced by students in the language classroom are not always confined within the boundaries of a single response, but are likely to be seen as mutually orienting to, and collaborating to produce a comprehensible outcome to the sequence. To analyse and consider what types of multiple response (MR) can be identified, and how the different types occur within those MRSs, this study adopts Conversation Analysis principles. By using conversation analytic perspectives, this study identifies four major types of MR (identical, complementary, collaborative and competitive).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple response analysis"

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Luo, Zhisui. "A Bayesian Analysis of a Multiple Choice Test." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/269.

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In a multiple choice test, examinees gain points based on how many correct responses they got. However, in this traditional grading, it is assumed that questions in the test are replications of each other. We apply an item response theory model to estimate students' abilities characterized by item's feature in a midterm test. Our Bayesian logistic Item response theory model studies the relation between the probability of getting a correct response and the three parameters. One parameter measures the student's ability and the other two measure an item's difficulty and its discriminatory feature. In this model the ability and the discrimination parameters are not identifiable. To address this issue, we construct a hierarchical Bayesian model to nullify the effects of non-identifiability. A Gibbs sampler is used to make inference and to obtain posterior distributions of the three parameters. For a "nonparametric" approach, we implement the item response theory model using a Dirichlet process mixture model. This new approach enables us to grade and cluster students based on their "ability" automatically. Although Dirichlet process mixture model has very good clustering property, it suffers from expensive and complicated computations. A slice sampling algorithm has been proposed to accommodate this issue. We apply our methodology to a real dataset obtained on a multiple choice test from WPI’s Applied Statistics I (Spring 2012) that illustrates how a student's ability relates to the observed scores.
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Wang, Jiachen. "Analysis of the seismic response of highway bridges to multiple support excitations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7520.

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It is recognized that the spatial variability of the ground motion has an important effect on the seismic responses of extended structures, but it is not well known how these structural responses will be affected. The aim of this study was to gain insight of the effect of asynchronous inputs on the elastic and inelastic responses of long bridges in order to improve the earthquake resistant design of bridges. In this research, a simple method of generating the asynchronous input motions, conditioned by the recorded time-histories, is proposed. Two assumptions were adopted in this method. The first assumption was that the spatial correlation function depended only on the predominant frequency of the earthquake motion. The second assumption was that in the time domain, there was no correlation between the acceleration elements in the same record. With the aid of these two assumptions, the modified Kriging method proposed by Hoshiya could be easily used to simulate ground motions in the time domain. Numerical examples showed that the spectra of simulated time-histories and the specified earthquake record closely correlated with each other and the variation of the simulated accelerations with the separation distance between the supports, the propagation velocity and the dispersion factor followed the trends expected. It was observed that the velocity of propagation of seismic waves had a significant effect on the transverse response of long bridges in travelling wave cases. The transverse responses of the bridges to the travelling waves can be more critical than those to the synchronous input. The transverse response parameters investigated were the maximum pier drifts, the maximum pier shear forces and the maximum section curvature ratios of the piers. The responses of the bridges subjected to asynchronous inputs consist of two parts: the dynamic components induced by the inertial forces and the pseudo-static components due to the differential displacements between the adjacent supports. The response was dominated by the pseudostatic component when the travelling wave velocity was low. The pseudo-static component reduced and the dynamic component increased as the travelling wave velocity increased. The response was dominated by the dynamic component when the travelling wave velocity was high. The local variations of the responses with the travelling wave velocity were due to the variations in the acceleration spectra of the input motions with the travelling wave velocity. It was found that the geometric incoherence effect also played an important role in the responses of the bridges through the pseudo-static components. In the cases that the combined geometric incoherence and wave passage effects of the spatial variability of the seismic motion were considered, the pseudo-static component of the seismic response of long bridges was not only caused by the wave passage effect, but was also due to the geometric incoherence effect. The pseudo-static component caused by the geometric incoherence effect dominated the total responses when wave dispersion was greatest. Because the variations of the accelerograms at different pier supports were random, the value of the pseudo-static component due to the geometric incoherence effect was also random. Therefore the total responses were unpredictable when the wave dispersion was great. The influence of the pseudo-static component in the total response decreased as the wave dispersion decreased. When dispersion was least the trends of the variations of the response with the travelling wave velocity were similar to those for the travelling wave cases without wave dispersion. The longitudinal responses of the bridge models with movement joints subjected to asynchronous inputs were also investigated. It was found that the relative displacement of the bridge deck across the movement joints and the relative displacement between the girder end and the top of the abutment consist of two parts: the dynamic components due to the difference between the vibrations of the two frames separated by the movement joints and the pseudo-static components caused by the phase shifts between the vibrations. The dynamic components changed with the travelling wave velocity due to the changes of the acceleration spectra in the asynchronous motion cases. The pseudo-static components were not only dependent on the phase shifts, but were also related to the shapes of the response displacement time-histories of the bridge deck.
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MILZ, GEOFFREY G. "Beyond Ad-Hoc: An Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis in Emergency Planning and Response." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212072805.

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Koller, Simon. "Multiple Time Series Analysis of Freight Rate Indices." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288500.

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In this master thesis multiple time series of shipping industry and financial data are analysed in order to create a forecasting model to forecast freight rate indices. The data of main interest which are predicted are the two freight rate indices, BDI and BDTI, from the Baltic Exchange. The project investigates the possibilities for aggregated Vector Autoregression(VAR) models to outperform simple univariate models, in this case, an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) with seasonal components. The other part of this thesis is to model market shocks in the freight rate indices, given impulses in the other underlying VAR-model time series using the impulse response function. The main results are that the VAR-model forecast outperforms the ARIMA-model in forecasting the tanker freight rate index (BDTI), while the the bulk freight rate index(BDI) is better predicted by the simple ARIMA when calculating the forecast mean square error.
I denna avhandling analyseras multipla tidsserier över rederinärings- och finansiell data i syfte att skapa en prognosticerande modell för att prognosticera fraktratsindex. Dataserierna som i huvudsak prognosticeras är fraktratsindexen BDI och BDTI från Baltic exchange. I projektet undersöks om en aggregerad Vektor Autoregressiv(VAR) modell överträffar en univariat modell, i detta fall en Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) med säsongsvariabel. I andra delen av denna avhandling modelleras chocker i fraktratsindexen givet impulser i de andra underliggande tidsserierna i de aggregerade VAR-modellerna. Huvudresultaten är att VAR-modellens prognos överträffar ARIMA-modellen för tankerraterna (BDTI), medan bulkraterna(BDI) bättre prognosticeras av ARIMA-modellen, i avseende på prognosernas beräknade mean square error.
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Andrawes, Bassem Onsi. "Seismic Response and Analysis of Multiple Frame Bridges Using Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6914.

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The feasibility of using superelastic shape memory alloys in the retrofit of multiple frame bridges is investigated. First, three shape memory alloy constitutive models with various levels of complexity are compared in order to determine the significance of including subloops and cyclic loading effects on the structural response. The results show that the structural response is more sensitive to the shape memory alloys strength degradation and residual deformation than the sublooping behavior. Next, two parametric studies are conducted to explore the sensitivity of hinge opening to the mechanical behavior of the superelastic shape memory alloys. The first study is focused on the hysteretic properties of the alloy that could vary depending on the chemical composition or the manufacturing process of the alloy, while the second study targets the changes in the mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys resulting from the variability in the ambient temperature. The results show that the hysteretic behavior of shape memory alloys has only a slight effect on the bridge hinge opening as long as the recentering property is maintained. A detailed study on the effect of temperature shows that a reduction in the ambient temperature tends to negatively affect the hinge opening while an increase in temperature results in a slight improvement. Next, a parametric study is conducted to examine the effectiveness of shape memory alloy retrofit devices in limiting hinge openings in bridges with various properties. In addition, a comparison is made with other devices such as conventional steel restrainers, metallic dampers, and viscoelastic solid dampers. The results illustrate that superelastic shape memory alloys are superior in their effectiveness compared to other devices in the case of bridges with moderate period ratios and high level of ductility, especially when subjected to strong earthquakes.
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Milz, Geoffrey G. "Beyond Ad-Hoc an application of multiple criteria decision analysis in emergency planning and response /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212072805.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: Carla Chifos Ph.D. (Committee Chair), Dan Peterson Ph.D. (Committee Member), Tonya Nichols Ph.D. (Committee Member) Title from electronic thesis title page (Sept. 6, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: multiple criteria decision analysis; emergency planning; analytic hierarchy process Includes bibliographical references.
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Feng, Limin. "JAMES-STEIN TYPE COMPOUND ESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE MEAN RESPONSE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/6.

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Charnigo and Srinivasan originally developed compound estimators to nonparametrically estimate mean response functions and their derivatives simultaneously when there is one response variable and one covariate. The compound estimator maintains self consistency and almost optimal convergence rate. This dissertation studies, in part, compound estimation with multiple responses and/or covariates. An empirical comparison of compound estimation, local regression and spline smoothing is included, and near optimal convergence rates are established in the presence of multiple covariates. James and Stein proposed an estimator of the mean vector of a p dimensional multivariate normal distribution, which produces a smaller risk than the maximum likelihood estimator if p is at least 3. In this dissertation, we also extend their idea to a nonparametric regression setting. More specifically, we present Steinized local regression estimators of p mean response functions and their derivatives. We consider different covariance structures for the error terms, and whether or not a known upper bound for the estimation bias is assumed. We also apply Steinization to compound estimation, considering the application of Steinization to both pointwise estimators (for example, as obtained through local regression) and weight functions. Finally, the new methodology introduced in this dissertation will be demonstrated on numerical data illustrating the outcomes of a laboratory experiment in which radiation induces nanoparticles to scatter evanescent waves. The patterns of scattering, as represented by derivatives of multiple mean response functions, may be used to classify nanoparticles on their sizes and structures.
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Pečeliūnas, Valdas. "The value of plasma cell immunophenotypic analysis estimating response to treatment and risk of multiple myeloma." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111102_111523-80198.

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The investigations presented in this dissertation were initiated with the intention to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma cells immunophenotypic analysis in multiple myeloma patients. We tested the hypothesis that kinetics of peripheral blood circulating plasma cells in response to first chemotherapy cycle could identify patients refractory to given treatment. We employed novel original methodology for plasma cells immunophenotyping: cells were stained in two tubes with antibody combinations CD56/CD138/CD45/CD19/CD38/CD20 and cLambda/cKappa/CD138/CD19/CD38/CD56. We found that ~30% of all plasma cells in bone marrow of healthy donors are immunophenotypically aberrant by CD56 and/or CD19 marker expression. We optimized immunophenotypic differentiation between malignant and normal plasma cells. Non reduction of malignant circulating plasma cells in response to first chemotherapy cycle predicted early progression with sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 93.3%, respectively. Time to progression and overall survival were significantly shorter in these patients as compared to patients with undetectable or reduced malignant circulating plasma cells. We also evaluated the clinical value of normal plasma cell subpopulation detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients. In summary, we demonstrated that immunophenotyping of plasma cells using multiparameter flow cytometry provides important prognostic information. The major finding was that the... [to full text]
Šioje disertacijoje aprašyti tyrimai, atlikti siekiant įvertinti plazminių ląstelių imunotipavimo, taikant tėkmės citometriją, prognostinį potencialą. Patikrinome hipotezę, jog cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių kinetika gydymo metu gali, anksčiau, nei standartiniai metodai įvertinti atsaką į gydymą. Tyrime naudojome iki tol neaprašytą plazminių ląstelių imunofenotipavimo metodiką. Mėginiai dažyti dviem skirtingais žymenų deriniais: CD56/CD138/CD45/CD19/CD38/CD20 ir cLambda/cKappa/CD138/CD19/CD38/CD56. Nustatėme, kad sveikų donorų kaulų čiulpuose aptinkama ~30% plazminių ląstelių, turinčių atipine CD56 ir/ar CD19 žymenų raiška. Optimizavome tėkmės citometrijos metodiką normalių ir piktybinų plazminų ląstelių aptikimui. Nustatėme, kad piktybinių cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių proporcijos nesumažėjimas po pirmojo chemoterapijos kurso, su 91,7% jautrumu bei 93,3% specifiškumu prognozuoja ankstyvą progresiją. Pacientų, kuriems cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių proporcija nesumažėjo, laikas iki progresijos ir bendras išgyvenamumas buvo statistiškai patikimai trumpesnis, nei pacientų, kuriems piktybinių cirkuliuojančių plazminių ląstelių proporcija sumažėjo ar šios ląstelės buvo neaptinkamos. Ištyrėme normalių plazminių ląstelių populiacijos klinikinę vertę pacientams, sergantiems mielomine liga. Apibendrinant, plazminių ląstelių imunofenotipavimas taikant tėkmės citometrijos metodą suteikia prognostiškai reikšmingos informacijos. Svarbiausias radinys, jog cirkuliuojančių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Decady, Yves J. "The analysis of multiple response data in marketing research, a Rao-Scott adjusted chi-squared approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/NQ57606.pdf.

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Decady, Yves J. (Yves Josue) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "The Analysis of multiple response data in marketing research; a Rao- Scott adjusted chi-squared approach." Ottawa, 2000.

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Books on the topic "Multiple response analysis"

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Thissen, David. Multilog user's guide: Multiple, categorical item analysis and test scoring using item response theory. 6th ed. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, 1991.

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Kraushaar, Sabine. Soil Erosion and Sediment Flux in Northern Jordan: Analysis, Quantification and the Respective Qualitative Impacts on a Reservoir Using a Multiple Response Approach. Springer, 2016.

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Kraushaar, Sabine. Soil Erosion and Sediment Flux in Northern Jordan: Analysis, Quantification and the Respective Qualitative Impacts on a Reservoir Using a Multiple Response Approach. Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.

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Kraushaar, Sabine. Soil Erosion and Sediment Flux in Northern Jordan: Analysis, Quantification and the Respective Qualitative Impacts on a Reservoir Using a Multiple Response Approach. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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Freedman, Mark S., and Mohammad Abdoli. The Importance and Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Evaluation in the Diagnosis of Central Demyelinating Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0008.

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This chapter aims to highlight the diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in multiple sclerosis with a special consideration of distinguishing it from neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder. Interpretation of CSF findings in daily clinical practice in patients with MS is thoroughly explained. New advances in CSF analysis and recently identified biomarkers may be helpful for diagnosis, help elucidate disease subtype and activity, or aid in prognosis and monitoring of the response to treatment. Characteristics of CSF changes in different subtypes of multiple sclerosis, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) are discussed. CSF findings in NMO spectrum disease as a diagnostic and differentiating marker are explained separately.
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Mackey, Brendan, David Lindenmayer, Malcolm Gill, Michael McCarthy, and Janette Lindesay, eds. Wildlife, Fire and Future Climate. CSIRO Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090040.

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The conservation of Earth's forest ecosystems is one of the great environmental challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. All of Earth's ecosystems now face the spectre of the accelerated greenhouse effect and rates of change in climatic regimes that have hitherto been unknown. In addition, multiple use forestry – where forests are managed to provide for both a supply of wood and the conservation of biodiversity – can change the floristic composition and vegetation structure of forests with significant implications for wildlife habitat. Wildlife, fire and future climate: a forest ecosystem analysis explores these themes through a landscape-wide study of refugia and future climate in the tall, wet forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. It represents a model case study for the kind of integrated investigation needed throughout the world in order to deal with the potential response of terrestrial ecological systems to global change. The analyses presented in this book represent one of the few ecosystem studies ever undertaken that has attempted such a complex synthesis of fire, wildlife, vegetation, and climate. Wildlife, fire and future climate: a forest ecosystem analysis is written by an experienced team of leading world experts in fire ecology, modelling, terrain and climate analysis, vegetation and wildlife habitat. Their collaboration on this book represents a unique and exemplary, multi-disciplinary venture.
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Landau, Ruth, and Clemens Ortner. Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0052.

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Phenotyping is key in all genetic association studies and designing clinical studies to assess the genetic contribution to pain and analgesic response in general, and in the context of obstetric pain is even more challenging. In addition, interpreting results, particularly when multiple genes are evaluated, requires large sample sizes and appropriate statistical analysis to avoid misconstrued finding. The genetic contribution to labour pain or even that of pharmacogenetics to explain differences in analgesic response is probably not simple and straightforward and we are at the beginning of our explorations. Firm recommendations to tailor opioid regimens based on patients’ individual genetic profile are not available and are unlikely to become available in the near future other than for the prescription of codeine. To help explore genetic variants that influence the progress of labour and other various obstetric outcomes, the concept of mathematical modelling of labour progress is extremely promising and may in the future allow identification of some important genetic contributions and will perhaps one day predict labour outcome and labour pain perception.
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Lapierre, Laurent M., and Alicia D. McMullan. A Review of Methodological and Measurement Approaches to the Study of Work and Family. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.4.

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This chapter provides a review of research methods reported in work–family (WF) articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2004 and 2013. Methodological issues addressed include sampling (sampling methods, identification of target and source populations, response rate, and comparison of sample to source population), research designs (time horizon, laboratory vs. field setting, and level of control), data collection methods, levels of analysis, use of multiple data sources, triangulation, and the use of objective outcome measures. When possible, statistical comparisons were made between the results of this review and those reported in an earlier review by Casper, Eby, Bordeaux, Lockwood, and Lambert (2007). Results show that multiwave as well as qualitative research designs have been used more frequently since the period reviewed by Casper and colleagues. Still, there is room for improvement in the methodological rigor with which WF research is undertaken. In particular, WF scholars are encouraged to give more attention to sampling-related considerations, and to more strongly consider the use of experimental research designs, data/measurement triangulation, and the collection of data beyond the individual level of analysis.
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Kalmanofsky, Amy. Postmodern Engagements of the Prophets. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.31.

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This chapter offers a postmodern analysis of the representation of the body in the biblical prophets, focusing on the rhetorical and literary representation of bodies in the prophetic books. The multiple ways the prophets use the body suggest that they recognize its rhetorical power as well as its subtlety. The body can be a blunt rhetorical tool that demands a powerful emotional response, and a narrative device that requires interpretation and conveys theological meaning. The body can also be a subtle means of communication that conveys the prophets’ experience of personal vulnerability and their burden of having to communicate God’s word. Used in these ways, the image of the body is oriented to the reader and reflects postmodern interest in examining the ways a text engages its audience, as well as the ways it communicates subjective human experience.
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Compston, Alastair. Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0871.

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The oligodendrocyte–myelin unit subserves saltatory conduction of the nerve impulse in the healthy central nervous system. At one time, many disease processes were thought exclusively to target the structure and function of myelin. Therefore, they were designated ‘demyelinating diseases’. But recent analyses, based mainly on pathological and imaging studies, (re)emphasize that axons are also directly involved in these disorders during both the acute and chronic phases. Another ambiguity is the extent to which these are inflammatory conditions. Here, distinctions should be made between inflammation, as a generic process, and autoimmunity in which rather a specific set of aetiological and mechanistic conditions pertain. And there are differences between disorders that are driven primarily by immune processes and those in which inflammation occurs in response to pre-existing tissue damage.With these provisos, the pathological processes of demyelination and associated axonal dysfunction often account for episodic neurological symptoms and signs referable to white matter tracts of the brain, optic nerves, or spinal cord when these occur in young people. This is the clinical context in which the possibility of ‘demyelinating disease’ is usually considered by physicians and, increasingly, the informed patient. Neurologists will, with appropriate cautions, also be prepared to diagnose demyelinating disease in older patients presenting with progressive symptoms implicating these same pathways even when there is no suggestive past history. Both in its typical and atypical forms multiple sclerosis remains by far the commonest demyelinating disease. But acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, the leucodystrophies, and central pontine myelinolysis also need to be considered in particular circumstances; and multiple sclerosis itself has a differential diagnosis in which the relapsing-remitting course is mimicked by conditions not associated with direct injury to the axon–glial unit. Since our understanding of the cause, pathogenesis and features of demyelinating disease remains incomplete, classification combines aspects of the aetiology, clinical features, pathology, and laboratory components. Whether the designation ‘multiple sclerosis’ encapsulates one or more conditions is now much debated. We anticipate that a major part of future studies in demyelinating disease will be further to resolve this question of disease heterogeneity leading to a new taxonomy based on mechanisms rather than clinical empiricism. But, for now, the variable ages of onset, unpredictable clinical course, protean clinical manifestations, and non-specific laboratory investigations continue to make demyelinating disease one of the more challenging diagnostic areas in clinical neurology.
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Book chapters on the topic "Multiple response analysis"

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Hunter, Norman F., Kevin R. Cross, and Garrett Nelson. "The Cross Spectrum in Multiple Input Multiple Response Vibration Testing." In Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 9, 91–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74700-2_10.

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Zárraga, Amaya, and Beatriz Goitisolo. "Correspondence Analysis of Surveys with Multiple Response Questions." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 505–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11363-5_57.

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Reiber, H. "Evaluation of blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier function and quantification of the humoral immune response within the central nervous system." In Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis, 51–72. Milano: Springer Milan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2205-8_5.

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Mishra, Udit Nandan, Debanjana Saha, Jyoti Chauhan, Vivek Kumar, Hanuman Singh Jatav, Dalpat Lal, Asha Kumari, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, and Kailash Chandra. "Emerging Roles of Osmoprotectants in Response to Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." In Omics Analysis of Plants Under Abiotic Stress, 179–206. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003282761-7.

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Perkonigg, Matthias, Johannes Hofmanninger, Björn Menze, Marc-André Weber, and Georg Langs. "Detecting Bone Lesions in Multiple Myeloma Patients Using Transfer Learning." In Data Driven Treatment Response Assessment and Preterm, Perinatal, and Paediatric Image Analysis, 22–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00807-9_3.

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Cárdenas, María Luz. "Coordination and Homeostasis in the Response to Multiple Signals: Role of Metabolic Cascades." In Technological and Medical Implications of Metabolic Control Analysis, 289–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4072-0_33.

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Dörries, Rüdiger, Rihito Watanabe, Helmut Wege, and Volker ter Meulen. "Analysis of the Intrathecal Humoral Immune Response in Corona Virus Induced Encephalomyelitis of Rats." In Cellular and Humoral Immunological Components of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Multiple Sclerosis, 37–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5348-3_6.

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Deshmukh, Amit A., A. P. C. Venkata, Aarti G. Ambekar, and Tushar Sawant. "Analysis of Multiple Shorting Posts Loaded Square Microstrip Antenna for Circular Polarized Response." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 207–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6601-8_19.

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Csurcsia, Péter Zoltán, Bart Peeters, and Tim De Troyer. "Frequency Response Function Estimation for Systems with Multiple Inputs Using Short Measurement: A Benchmark Study." In Topics in Modal Analysis & Parameter Identification, Volume 8, 59–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05445-7_7.

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Chakraborty, Bodhi, Debanjan Sadhya, Shekhar Verma, and Krishna Pratap Singh. "Information Theoretic Analysis of Privacy in a Multiple Query-Response Based Differentially Private Framework." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 262–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2372-0_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Multiple response analysis"

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Trabal, G., B. Bak, B. Chen, and E. Lindgaard. "An Adaptive Floating Node Based Formulation for Progressive Fatigue Analysis of Multiple Delaminations." In VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/composites.2021.046.

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Timofeeva, Anastasiia. "Visualization-based analysis of multiple response survey data." In PROSPECTS OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT (PFSD-2017): Proceedings of the XIV International Conference of Students and Young Scientists. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5009891.

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Padgett, J. E., J. Ghosh, and N. Ataei. "Sensitivity of Dynamic Response of Bridges under Multiple Hazards to Aging Parameters." In 19th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41131(370)1.

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Carini, A., I. Omiciuolo, and G. L. Sicuranza. "Multiple position room response equalization: Frequency domain prototype design strategies." In 2009 6th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispa.2009.5297663.

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Jayamon, J. R., and F. A. Charney. "Multiple Ground Motion Response Spectrum Match Tool for Use in Response History Analysis." In Structures Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479117.216.

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Sone, Akira, Kazumasa Tsuchikawa, Tatsuya Yamauchi, and Arata Masuda. "Seismic Response Analysis of Multiple Supported Piping System Considering Friction Characteristics of Support." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57037.

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In this study, a practical method for obtaining the nonlinear seismic maximum response properties of multiple supported piping systems with friction characteristics in industrial plants such as the nuclear power plant and petrochemical plant is presented. In this method, the response reduction effects of friction are effectively considered. The method also facilitates the calculation of maximum nonlinear responses by using those of the linear piping-supporting system. By numerical simulations with a simple 2DOF model, the reduction effect of friction on the maximum acceleration responses of multiple supported piping systems are evaluated in terms of “response reduction factor”. After summarizing the characteristics of the response reduction factor obtained for various system parameters, a practical method for obtained this factor using the maximum linear response of piping system can be introduced. Finally, the maximum response calculated by the proposed method is presented for practical use.
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Cecchi, S., L. Romoli, F. Piazza, and A. Carini. "A multichannel and multiple position adaptive room response equalizer in warped domain." In 2013 8th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispa.2013.6703839.

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Wattanakasiwich, P., S. Ananta, Boonchoat Paosawatyanyong, and Pornrat Wattanakasiwich. "Analyzing Multiple-Choice Questions by Model Analysis and Item Response Curves." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS EDUCATION: ICPE-2009. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3479880.

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Maxim, Dorin, and Liliana Cucu-Grosjean. "Response Time Analysis for Fixed-Priority Tasks with Multiple Probabilistic Parameters." In 2013 IEEE 34th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2013.30.

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Bertout, Antoine, Dorin Maxim, and Liliana Cucu-Grosjean. "Average probabilistic response time analysis of tasks with multiple probabilistic parameters." In 2016 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2016.046.

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Reports on the topic "Multiple response analysis"

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Vo, Duc Ta. Fixed energy, response function analysis with multiple efficiencies (FRAM) tutorial. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213506.

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Vo, Duc Ta. Fixed energy, Response function Analysis with Multiple efficiencies (FRAM) V.6.1 Tutorial. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573329.

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Westwood, James H., Yaakov Tadmor, and Hanan Eizenberg. Identifying the genes involved in host root perception by root parasitic weeds: Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of Orobanche hybrids differing in signal response specificity. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598145.bard.

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Seeds of the root parasitic plants of the genus Orobanchegerminate specifically in response to host-derived germination signals, which enables parasites to detect and attack preferred hosts. The best characterized class of germination stimulants is the strigolactones (SL), although some species respond to sesquiterpene lactones such as dehydrocostuslactone (DCL). Despite great progress in characterizing the SL signaling system in plants, the mechanism(s) by which parasite species detect specific compounds remains poorly understood. The goal of our project was to identify and characterize the genes responsible for stimulant specificity in O. cernuaand O. cumana. These two species are closely related, but differ in host range, with O. cernuaparasitizingSolanaceous crops such as tomato (and responding to SLs), and O. cumanaspecifically parasitizing sunflower (and responding to DCL). We used a genetic approach based on O. cernuax O. cumanahybrids to associate germination response with genes. We found that these parasite species each have multiple copies of KAI2d genes, which function in SL perception. In O. cernua, the OrceKAI2d2 responds to SL stimulants and is most consistently associated with hybrid lines that respond to SLs. For O. cumana, an apparently linked block of KAI2d genes was associated with response to DCL in hybrid lines, but we found no strong evidence that any of the OrcuKAI2d genes specifically recognize the DCL stimulant. Remarkably, one O. cumanagene, OrcuKAI2d5, responds to certain SLs in a genetic complementation assay, even though hybrid lines containing this gene show fidelity to DCL. In summary, we have identified the SL receptor in O. cernua, but the DCL receptor in O. cumanaremains unknown. Our data point to involvement of additional genes and yet greater levels of complexity regulating germination specificity in Orobanche. BARD Report - Project 4616 Page 2 of 8
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Fuentes, Anthony, Michelle Michaels, and Sally Shoop. Methodology for the analysis of geospatial and vehicle datasets in the R language. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42422.

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The challenge of autonomous off-road operations necessitates a robust understanding of the relationships between remotely sensed terrain data and vehicle performance. The implementation of statistical analyses on large geospatial datasets often requires the transition between multiple software packages that may not be open-source. The lack of a single, modular, and open-source analysis environment can reduce the speed and reliability of an analysis due to an increased number of processing steps. Here we present the capabilities of a workflow, developed in R, to perform a series of spatial and statistical analyses on vehicle and terrain datasets to quantify the relationship between sensor data and vehicle performance in winter conditions. We implemented the R-based workflow on datasets from a large, coordinated field campaign aimed at quantifying the response of military vehicles on snow-covered terrains. This script greatly reduces processing times of these datasets by combining the GIS, data-assimilation and statistical analyses steps into one efficient and modular interface.
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Kaur, Harpreet. The Policy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysing Implications for Indigenous Peoples in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/prcp12.2022.

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In this report, we examine the impacts of the pandemic and policy responses to it, focusing on Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which spans Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. Our analysis reveals that the pandemic and accompanying lockdowns produced new forms of exclusions. It widened existing socio-economic fissures and brought into sharp relief social security systems which were already strained. For example, a widening of the existing digital divide that excluded Adivasi students from online education and homogenous policy interventions that often reproduce inequities based on caste, class, livelihoods, and gender. Policy interventions have, to some extent, engaged with the multiple risks and impacts COVID-19 placed on the poor and marginalised, but few of them attend to the structural inequities of IPs or speak to their differential experiences and vulnerabilities.
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Neodo, Anna, Fiona Augsburger, Jan Waskowski, Joerg C. Schefold, and Thibaud Spinetti. Monocytic HLA-DR expression and clinical outcomes in adult ICU patients with sepsis – a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0119.

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Review question / Objective: The scope of this review was defined using PICOTS framework where 1) population: adult critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock; 2) index prognostic factor: cell surface protein expression of mHLA-DR in blood; 3) comparative factor: none; 4) outcomes to be predicted: mortality, secondary infections, length of stay, and organ dysfunction score (sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA], multiple organ dysfunction score [MODS], logistic organ dysfunction score [LODS]), composite outcomes where component endpoints consist of at least one of the outcomes stated above (e.g., “adverse outcome” defined as death or secondary infection), 5) timing (of the prediction horizon and the moment of prognosis): any; and 6) setting: ICU. Condition being studied: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to severe infections. It can further progress to septic shock, which includes hemodynamic failure and increased mortality rates. A recent worldwide epidemiological study estimated 48.9 million sepsis cases and 11 million of sepsis-related deaths (~20% of global deaths in 2017). Although its management has advanced considerably, sepsis remains deadly and challenging to treat. The 28/30-day mortality averages around 25% for sepsis and 38% for septic shock in high-income countries. Current models describe the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis as an interplay between concurrent dysfunctional pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.

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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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Eberle, Caitlyn, Oscar Higuera Roa, and Edward Sparkes. Technical Report: British Columbia heatwave. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/gzuq8513.

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In summer 2021, air temperatures in Canada broke records multiple days in a row as a powerful heatwave spread over the Pacific Northwest, registering over 600 heat-related deaths and setting an all-time high-temperature record for the country at 49.6°C (121.3°F). An insufficient preparedness for such high temperatures meant that emergency response capacity was overwhelmed while the general public was unequipped to deal with anomalous temperatures. As climate change continues to make heat events such as this one more frequent and intense, the lessons learned during this disaster are critical to prepare for the next. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the British Columbia heatwave through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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