Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple metal centres'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple metal centres"
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Cheng, Howard, Fazlul Huq, and Philip Beale. "Studies on new homonuclear and heteronuclear metal complexes with multiple centres." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 96, no. 1 (July 2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0162-0134(03)80587-1.
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Turner, David R., M. B. Hursthouse, M. E. Light, and Jonathan W. Steed. "Linear distortion of octahedral metal centres by multiple hydrogen bonds in modular ML4 systems." Chemical Communications, no. 12 (2004): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b402884h.
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Bingham, Stephen J., Daniel Wolverson, and Andrew J. Thomson. "Coherent Raman detected electron spin resonance spectroscopy of metalloproteins: linking electron spin resonance and magnetic circular dichroism." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 6 (November 19, 2008): 1187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361187.
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The simultaneous excitation of paramagnetic molecules with optical (laser) and microwave radiation in the presence of a magnetic field can cause an amplitude, or phase, modulation of the transmitted light at the microwave frequency. The detection of this modulation indicates the presence of coupled optical and ESR transitions. The phenomenon can be viewed as a coherent Raman effect or, in most cases, as a microwave frequency modulation of the magnetic circular dichroism by the precessing magnetization. By allowing the optical and magnetic properties of a transition metal ion centre to be correlated, it becomes possible to deconvolute the overlapping optical or ESR spectra of multiple centres in a protein or of multiple chemical forms of a particular centre. The same correlation capability also allows the relative orientation of the magnetic and optical anisotropies of each species to be measured, even when the species cannot be obtained in a crystalline form. Such measurements provide constraints on electronic structure calculations. The capabilities of the method are illustrated by data from the dimeric mixed-valence CuA centre of nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) from Paracoccus pantotrophus.
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Xiao, Zhiguang, and Anthony G. Wedd. "Metallo-oxidase Enzymes: Design of their Active Sites." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 3 (2011): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10428.
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Multi-copper oxidases are a large family of enzymes prevalent in all three domains of life. They couple the one-electron oxidation of substrate to the four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water and feature at least four Cu atoms, traditionally divided into three sites: T1, T2, and (binuclear) T3. The T1 site catalyzes substrate oxidation while a trinuclear cluster (comprising combined T2 and T3 centres) catalyzes the reduction of dioxygen. Substrate oxidation at the T1 Cu site occurs via an outer-sphere mechanism and consequently substrate specificities are determined primarily by the nature of a substrate docking/oxidation (SDO) site associated with the T1 Cu centre. Many of these enzymes ‘moonlight’, i.e. display broad specificities towards many different substrates and may have multiple cellular functions. A sub-set are robust catalysts for the oxidation of low-valent transition metal ions such as FeII, CuI, and MnII and are termed ‘metallo-oxidases’. They play essential roles in nutrient metal uptake and homeostasis, with the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin being a prominent member. Their SDO sites are tailored to facilitate specific binding and facile oxidation of these low-valent metal ions and this is the focus of this review.
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Zhang, J. C., J. F. Wang, Y. T. Wang, M. Wu, J. P. Liu, J. J. Zhu, and H. Yang. "Effect of trimethylgallium flow on the structural and optical properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 3 (May 11, 2004): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804005217.
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InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction (TXRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra are used to assess the influence of trimethylgallium (TMGa) flow on structural defects, such as dislocations and interface roughness, and the optical properties of the MQWs. In this paper, a method, involving an ω scan of every satellite peak of TXRD, is presented to measure the mean dislocation density of InGaN/GaN MQWs. The experimental results show that under certain conditions which keep the trimethlyindium flow constant, dislocation density and interface roughness decrease with the increase of TMGa flow, which will improve the PL properties. It can be concluded that dislocations, especially edge dislocations, act as non-radiative recombination centres in InGaN/GaN MQWs. Also noticed is that changing the TMGa flow has more influence on edge dislocations than screw dislocations.
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Pidko, Evgeny A., Emiel J. M. Hensen, and Rutger A. van Santen. "Self-organization of extraframework cations in zeolites." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2143 (March 7, 2012): 2070–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0057.
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Structural properties of a series of mordenite and ZSM-5 zeolites with different framework Al distribution modified with oxygenated extraframework Ga, Zn, Al, Cu and Fe complexes were investigated by means of periodic density functional theory calculations. It is demonstrated that mononuclear oxygenated and hydroxylated cationic metal complexes in high-silica zeolites tend to self-organize into binuclear complexes. In the cases of Ga- and Fe-modified zeolites, it is shown that the catalytic activity of the most stable binuclear extraframework cations is much higher than that of the hypothetical very reactive mononuclear counterparts. This is due to a weaker binding of reaction intermediates and easier regeneration of the initial active complexes in the course of the catalytic reaction. The formation of multiple-charged binuclear oxygenated metal species in zeolites is a general phenomenon. It does not require a specific distribution of the equivalent number of negative framework charges that compensate for the positive charge of the cationic complexes. The location and the stability of cationic complexes in zeolite micropores are mainly determined by the coordination properties of the metal centres.
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Kassim, Muhammad Arif, Ubaidullah H. M. Yassin, Ai Ling Tan, Anwar Usman, and Malai Haniti S. A. Hamid. "[1-(Pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazine: a new multitopic ligand for the design of hybrid molecular frameworks." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229618003273.
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Hydrazones and their derivatives are closely related to imine compounds and are potential antimicrobial agents. They have also found application in supramolecular chemistry as multitopic ligands to link multiple metal centres for the design of hybrid molecular frameworks. The molecule of the title compound, C6H8N4, consists of an imine linkage with an N—N bond length of 1.3540 (14) Å. This asymmetric compound is nearly planar and adopts an E configuration about the azomethine C=N double bond. In the solid state, there are two intermolecular N—H...N interactions that interconnect the molecules into a two-dimensional network. The three-dimensional arrangement of the crystal packing is further stabilized by intermolecular π–π interactions interconnecting the centroids of the heterocyclic rings.
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Guo, Wei, Li-Qiang Han, and Ya-Mei Guo. "Transition-Metal Supramolecular Complexes with 2-Phenylacetate and a Bent Dipyridyl Ligand: In Situ Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 5 (2013): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12483.
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This work presents seven CoII, CdII, ZnII, MnII, and NiII supramolecular complexes synthesised by hydrothermal reactions from a bent dipyridyl ligand 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4-bpo) and 2-phenylmalonic acid (2-phmalH2). Interestingly, the in situ generation of 2-phenylacetic acid (Hpa) by decarboxylation of the 2-phenylmalonic acid precursor is observed in all the complexes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that these complexes display a variety of 1D (for 2–7) and monomeric (for 1) coordination motifs, which are further extended into polymeric supramolecular architectures by multiple secondary interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking. The results evidently demonstrate that the structures of 1–7 are significantly affected by the metal centres and the counter anions of inorganic salts. The photoluminescence properties of complexes 1–7 have also been investigated and discussed.
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Song, Feijie, Teng Zhang, Cheng Wang, and Wenbin Lin. "Chiral porous metal-organic frameworks with dual active sites for sequential asymmetric catalysis." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2143 (March 14, 2012): 2035–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0100.
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials built from metal-connecting nodes and organic-bridging ligands. They have received much attention in recent years owing to the ability to tune their properties for potential applications in various areas. Properly designed MOFs with uniform, periodically aligned active sites have shown great promise in catalysing shape-, size-, chemo-, regio- and stereo-selective organic transformations. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of two chiral MOFs (CMOFs 1 and 2 ) that are constructed from Mn-salen-derived dicarboxylic acids [salen is ( R , R )- N , N ′-bis(5- tert -butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine], bis(4-vinylbenzoic acid)-salen manganese(III) chloride (H 2 L 4 ) or bis(benzoic acid)-salen manganese(III) chloride (H 2 L 3 ) and [Zn 4 (μ 4 -O)(O 2 CR) 6 ] or [Zn 5 (H 2 O) 2 (μ 3 -OH) 2 (O 2 CR) 8 ] secondary building units (SBUs), respectively. The SBUs in CMOF- 1 are connected by the linear ditopic Mn-salen-derived linkers to construct a fourfold interpenetrated isoreticular MOF (IRMOF) structure with pcu topology. In CMOF- 2 , the Mn-salen centres dimerize in a cross-linking way to form a diamondoid structure with threefold interpenetration. CMOF- 1 was examined for highly regio- and stereo-selective tandem alkene epoxidation/epoxide ring-opening reactions by using the Mn-salen andZn 4 (μ 4 -O)(carboxylate) 6 active sites, respectively. Our work demonstrated the potential utility of chiral MOFs with multiple active sites in the efficient synthesis of complex molecules with excellent regio- and stereo-controls
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Wilk, Magdalena, Jan Janczak, and Veneta Videnova-Adrabinska. "Poly[aqua[μ3-(pyridin-1-ium-3,5-diyl)diphosphonato-κ3O:O′:O′′][μ2-(pyridin-1-ium-3,5-diyl)diphosphonato-κ2O:O′]calcium(II)]." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 68, no. 2 (January 25, 2012): m41—m44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270112001461.
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The rigid organic ligand (pyridine-3,5-diyl)diphosphonic acid has been used to create the title novel three-dimensional coordination polymer, [Ca(C5H6NO6P2)2(H2O)]n. The six-coordinate calcium ion is in a distorted octahedral environment, formed by five phosphonate O atoms from five different (pyridin-1-ium-3,5-diyl)diphosphonate ligands, two of which are unique, and one water O atom. Two crystallographically independent acid monoanions,L1 andL2, serve to link metal centres using two different coordination modes,viz.η2μ2and η3μ3, respectively. The latter ligand,L2, forms a strongly undulated two-dimensional framework parallel to the crystallographicbcplane, whereas the former ligand,L1, is utilized in the formation of one-dimensional helical chains in the [010] direction. The two sublattices ofL1 andL2 interweave at the Ca2+ions to form a three-dimensional framework. In addition, multiple O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds stabilize the three-dimensional coordination network. Topologically, the three-dimensional framework can be simplified as a very unusual (2,3,5)-connected three-nodal net represented by the Schläfli symbol (4·82)(4·88·10)(8).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple metal centres"
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Daghriri, Hassan. "Studies on Tumour Active Compounds with Multiple Metal Centres." University of Sydney. Biomedical Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/595.
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Four tumour active trinuclear complexes: DH4Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)4NH2)2]Cl4, DH5Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)5NH2)2]Cl4, DH6Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)6NH2)2]Cl4, DH7Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd(NH3)2-( H2N(CH2)7NH2)2]Cl4 and one dinuclear complex DHD: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}�-{ H2N(CH2)6NH2}{trans-PdCl(NH3)2]Cl(NO3), have been prepared and characterised based on elemental analyses, IR, Raman, mass and 1 H NMR spectral measurements. For the trinuclear complexes, the synthesis has been carried out using a step-up method branching out from the central palladium unit. A purity of about 95% has been obtained by repeated dissolution and precipitation. The activity against human cancer cell lines including ovary cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR , A2780 ZD0473R , non small lung cell line: NCI-H640 and melanoma: Me-10538 have been determined based on MMT assay. Cell uptakes, DNA-binding have been determined for ovary cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR . The nature of interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA and ssDNA has been studied for trinuclear complexes DH4Cl, DH5Cl, DH6Cl and DH7Cl and the dinuclear complex DHD. Interaction of DH6Cl with adenine and guanine has also been studied by HPLC. The compounds are found to exhibit significant anticancer activity against cancer cell lines especially ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR and A2780 ZD0473R . DH6Cl in which the linking diamine has six carbon atoms is found to be the most active compound. As the number of carbon atoms in thelinking diamine is changed from the optimum value of six, the activity is found to decrease, illustrating the structure-activity relationship. The increase in uptake of the trinuclear complexes in A2780 cell line with the increase in size of the linking diamine coupled with the low molar conductivity values found for the solutions of the compounds suggest that the compounds would remain in solution as undissociated �molecules� and hence could cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Much lower resistance factors for the all the multinuclear compounds including DHD as applied to A2780 cisR cell line, as compared to that for cisplatin, suggest that the compounds are able to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance operating in the cell line. All of the multinuclear complexes are expected to form long-range interstrand GG adducts with DNA, causing irreversible global changes in the DNA conformation but unlike cisplatin do not cause sufficient DNA bending to be recognized by HMG 1 protein. Increasing prevention of BamH1 digestion with the increase in concentration of the multinuclear compounds also provide support to the idea that the compounds because of the formation of a plethora of interstrand GG adducts are able to cause irreversible changes in DNA conformation. The results of the study show that indeed new trinuclear tumour active compounds can be found by replacing the central platinum unit in BBR3464 with other suitable metal units.
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Daghriri, Hassan. "Studies on Tumour Active Compounds with Multiple Metal Centres." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/595.
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Four tumour active trinuclear complexes: DH4Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)4NH2)2]Cl4, DH5Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)5NH2)2]Cl4, DH6Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)6NH2)2]Cl4, DH7Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd(NH3)2-( H2N(CH2)7NH2)2]Cl4 and one dinuclear complex DHD: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}�-{ H2N(CH2)6NH2}{trans-PdCl(NH3)2]Cl(NO3), have been prepared and characterised based on elemental analyses, IR, Raman, mass and 1 H NMR spectral measurements. For the trinuclear complexes, the synthesis has been carried out using a step-up method branching out from the central palladium unit. A purity of about 95% has been obtained by repeated dissolution and precipitation. The activity against human cancer cell lines including ovary cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR , A2780 ZD0473R , non small lung cell line: NCI-H640 and melanoma: Me-10538 have been determined based on MMT assay. Cell uptakes, DNA-binding have been determined for ovary cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR . The nature of interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA and ssDNA has been studied for trinuclear complexes DH4Cl, DH5Cl, DH6Cl and DH7Cl and the dinuclear complex DHD. Interaction of DH6Cl with adenine and guanine has also been studied by HPLC. The compounds are found to exhibit significant anticancer activity against cancer cell lines especially ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR and A2780 ZD0473R . DH6Cl in which the linking diamine has six carbon atoms is found to be the most active compound. As the number of carbon atoms in thelinking diamine is changed from the optimum value of six, the activity is found to decrease, illustrating the structure-activity relationship. The increase in uptake of the trinuclear complexes in A2780 cell line with the increase in size of the linking diamine coupled with the low molar conductivity values found for the solutions of the compounds suggest that the compounds would remain in solution as undissociated �molecules� and hence could cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Much lower resistance factors for the all the multinuclear compounds including DHD as applied to A2780 cisR cell line, as compared to that for cisplatin, suggest that the compounds are able to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance operating in the cell line. All of the multinuclear complexes are expected to form long-range interstrand GG adducts with DNA, causing irreversible global changes in the DNA conformation but unlike cisplatin do not cause sufficient DNA bending to be recognized by HMG 1 protein. Increasing prevention of BamH1 digestion with the increase in concentration of the multinuclear compounds also provide support to the idea that the compounds because of the formation of a plethora of interstrand GG adducts are able to cause irreversible changes in DNA conformation. The results of the study show that indeed new trinuclear tumour active compounds can be found by replacing the central platinum unit in BBR3464 with other suitable metal units.
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Sheu, Jinn-Tsair, and 許進財. "Synthesis and Bonding Study of Linear Trinuclear Metal Cluster Complexes with Three-Centered Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05825644585453642324.
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Xu, Jin-Cai, and 許進財. "Synthesis and Bonding Study of Linear Trinuclear Metal Cluster Complexes with Three-Centered Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48519498681869956464.
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Yung-HsinHsueh and 薛詠心. "Application of multiple media pathway in risk assessments of consuming vegetable cultivated in central Taiwan with air metal pollution." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/265ns8.
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碩士國立成功大學
食品安全衛生暨風險管理研究所
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Industrial emissions may contain heavy metal particles and the pollutants will deposit into the vegetation, affecting the residents' health via ingestion. This study refers to the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, which was announced by the California Environmental Protection Agency, to build the multiple pathway model and adjust some parameters taken from Taiwan, to estimate the concentration of heavy metals in vegetable and further to calculate the health risks. The discussion of consuming risk in metals was done in the air simulation group (ASG), the soil simulation group (SSG) and the vegetable measurement group (VMG) in Houli and Longjing areas in central Taiwan. In the VMG, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic ingestion risk in Houli and Longjing areas require attention. Arsenic is the highest contribution to the carcinogenic risk. The metals highest contribution for the non-carcinogenic risk are arsenic, mercury, and lead. Air simulation is not suitable for replacing the vegetable measurement method. The replacement of the vegetable measurement by soil simulation seems to be workable, but it's still recommended to cooperate with the emission of other pollution source and the regular inspection of local vegetables. Copper, zinc, and cadmium are not suitable for using simulation to replace measurement. For areas with local metal pollution sources, it should enhance the consumption management to avoid consuming local crops only and dispersing the dietary source to reduce the exposure risk from consuming the locally cultivated vegetables.
Books on the topic "Multiple metal centres"
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Sampson, Elizabeth, and Karen Harrison Dening. Palliative care and end of life care. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0028.
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Our ageing population and changes in cause of death, mean that increasing number of people will die in old age. Older people have, in many countries, had poor access to good quality end of life care. Many will develop multiple co-morbidities associated with age; dementia, mental health problems and general frailty. Palliative care is an approach which aims to relieve suffering and take account of a person’s physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs as they near the end of life. Advanced dementia is now being perceived as a “terminal illness”. Interventions such as antibiotics and enteral tube feeding remain in use despite little evidence that they improve quality of life or other outcomes. A person-centred approach from a multidisciplinary team is vital in providing good quality end of life care in a range of settings The acknowledgement of anticipatory grief and provision of bereavement support are vital for some family carers.
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Beninger, Richard J. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0001.
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The Introduction provides a brief overview of the book. The central theme is dopamine-mediated reward-related incentive learning—the acquisition by neutral stimuli of an increased ability to elicit approach and other responses. The brain has multiple memory systems defined as “declarative” and “non-declarative”; incentive learning produces one form of non-declarative memory. Once incentive learning is established it is gradually lost when the rewarding stimulus is no longer available or when dopamine function is reduced. Decreases in dopaminergic neurotransmission may produce inverse incentive learning—the loss by stimuli of their ability to elicit approach and other responses. Dopamine-related diseases including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and drug abuse involve altered incentive learning. Incentive and inverse incentive learning may occur by the actions of dopamine, adenosine, and endocannabinoids at dendritic spines of striatal medium spiny neurons that have had recent glutamate input. Activity in dopaminergic neurons in humans appears to affect mental experience.
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Ackerly, Brooke, and Ying Zhang. Feminist Ethics in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.436.
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The study of feminist ethics in international relations (IR) is the study of three topics. The first is the feminist contributions to key topics in international ethics and the research agenda that continues to further that enterprise. Feminists have made important contributions to IR thought on central ethical concepts. They rethink these concepts from the perspective of their impact on women, deconstruct the dichotomies of the concepts and their constituent parts, and reconsider how the field should be studied. Next, there is the feminist engagement with the epistemological construction of the discipline of IR itself, by which feminists make the construction of the field itself a normative subject. Finally, there is the feminist methodological contribution of a “meta-methodology”—a research ethic applicable in the research of all questions and able to improve the research practice of all methodologists. The contention here is that ethical IR research must be responsive to the injustices of the world, hence feminists have also explored the connections between scholarship and activism. And this in turn has meant exploring methodologies such as participatory action research that engages one with the political impact of research and methods. Furthermore, contemporary challenges related to climate, globalization, shifts in people, and shifts in global governance are encouraging feminists to work from multiple theoretical perspectives and to triangulate across multiple methods and questions, in order to contribute to our understanding of global problems and the politics of addressing them.
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Kay, Philip. Financial Institutions and Structures in the Last Century of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0005.
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This chapter examines Rome’s changing financial structure between the second and first centuries BC, arguing that early Roman financial intermediaries provided a mechanism for the creation of money beyond the available supply of precious metals, serving to expand Rome’s total money supply. Rome’s argentarii functioned like modern deposit bankers in a number of ways, and the money-multiplier effect of deposit banking would have enabled significant commercial expansion. But, by the mid-first century BC and as a result of Mithradates VI’s invasion of the province of Asia, and the ensuing credit crisis at Rome in 88 BC, things had changed. There were probably fewer banks in existence, with smaller balance sheets, and the main providers of credit had become ‘aristocratic financiers’ providing credit to fellow members of the elite, rather than argentarii. This development could have had a negative impact on the wider Roman economy, or, at least, could have prevented it from reaching its full potential.
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Berger, Michele Tracy. Black Women's Health. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479828524.001.0001.
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Black women’s voices are infrequently theoretically centered in health literatures about how they experience and co-create their health, and it is even rarer for Black girls to be taken into account as reliable knowers. Black Women’s Health explores the real-life meanings and everyday practices of health (i.e., mental, physical, emotional, and sexual) for the African American mothers and daughters whose narratives comprise the research. The book draws from extensive fieldwork and focus groups conducted with African American mothers and their adolescent daughters ages 12–18 in North Carolina in their discussions about health, sexuality, intimacy, and transitions to “womanhood” in a variety of contexts. In this case, micro-theory draws on multiple concepts to reveal patterns of intergenerational health practices and communication. The methodological framework draws from a Black feminist and intersectional theoretical orientation to situate Black women’s and girls’ health. Black Women’s Health is thus the first scholarly book to treat the health status of African American mothers and daughters as integrally linked. Black Women’s Health probes the various ways in which African American mothers discuss vital issues with their daughters, and how their daughters co-construct, interpret, and resist maternal and cultural narratives of health, sexuality, and racial identity. These direct accounts highlight how African American women and girls navigate their health and intimate relationships, as well as the various health disparities rooted in the racism, sexism, and class marginality they experience.
Book chapters on the topic "Multiple metal centres"
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Suslick, Benjamin A., and T. Don Tilley. "Hydroarylation of Olefins with Complexes Bearing d8 Metal Centers." In Catalytic Hydroarylation of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds, 107–74. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527697649.ch4.
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Nickel, Vadim. "Generative Atmospheres." In Mental Health | Atmospheres | Video Games, 195–208. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462645-015.
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Playing computer games is an active pastime: players are presented with a dynamic game scenario that requires various inputs in order to engage with its core game loop. To do so, the player must constantly pay attention to the game while performing actions to propel gameplay. However, some games can be experienced over multiple levels of engagement. Such games feature levels of engagement that may not require the constant provision of input to offer a meaningful experience. In these games, atmosphere reveals itself as the underlying structure, intricate enough to be experienced in its own right. Ambient music, a term coined by musician Brian Eno, is a genre that is meant to allow for different levels of engagement. This may reach from ambient music being a background accompaniment in a given setting, to being the center of listener attention. This article will identify a type of game that can be perceived in a similar vein. Such a game offers ambient modes of experience: It allows to be experienced over varying levels of engagement and intensities of interactions. The term ambient game is relevant in this context since the music genre of the same name is referenced here. This article will present existing definitions of ambient games that identify parallels between the creation and perception of ambient music and various modes of experiencing digital games. Based on these findings, this article will propose three ambient modes of experience that represent the varying intensities of player interaction within the diegetic boundaries of games.
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van Dyck, Zoé, and Annika P. C. Lutz. "On the Relationship Between Body Perception and Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults." In Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 323–42. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_15.
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AbstractEating disorders are severe mental disorders with serious medical complications and poor long-term outcome, which typically develop during adolescence. Subclinical symptoms, such as body dissatisfaction, dieting, and binge eating, are common among adolescents, also in Luxembourg. Body perception, including how the body looks (visual perception) and how it feels (interoception), is altered on multiple levels in eating disorders. We construe interoception as a multilevel process, where signals are transmitted from the periphery to the central nervous system for further processing and initiation of physiological and behavioural responses to maintain homeostatic balance. Examples from research on young women in Luxembourg include delayed responses to satiation and abnormal gastric motility in people who binge eat, and increased cortical processing of heartbeats in patients with anorexia nervosa. Understanding the complexity of alterations in visual and interoceptive body perception, as well as their interactions with the bio-psycho-social changes associated with adolescence, is essential for the selection and further development of adequate intervention and prevention programmes. Modern approaches based on biofeedback and virtual reality may be particularly appealing to adolescents, and are currently being investigated in Luxembourg.
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Coulter, Robert W. S., James E. Egan, Suzanne Kinsky, M. Reuel Friedman, Kristen L. Eckstrand, Jessica Frankeberger, Barbara L. Folb, et al. "Mental Health, Drug, and Violence Interventions for Sexual/Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review." In Pediatric Collections: LGBTQ+: Support and Care (Part 3: Caring for Transgender Children), 35–54. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610025423-mental.
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CONTEXT Compared with cisgender (nontransgender), heterosexual youth, sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) experience great inequities in substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization, thereby making them a priority population for interventions. OBJECTIVE To systematically review interventions and their effectiveness in preventing or reducing substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization among SGMY. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, and Education Resources Information Center. STUDY SELECTION Selected studies were published from January 2000 to 2019, included randomized and nonrandomized designs with pretest and posttest data, and assessed substance use, mental health problems, or violence victimization outcomes among SGMY. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted were intervention descriptions, sample details, measurements, results, and methodologic rigor. RESULTS With this review, we identified 9 interventions for mental health, 2 for substance use, and 1 for violence victimization. One SGMY-inclusive intervention examined coordinated mental health services. Five sexual minority–specific interventions included multiple state-level policy interventions, a therapist-administered family-based intervention, a computer-based intervention, and an online intervention. Three gender minority–specific interventions included transition-related gender-affirming care interventions. All interventions improved mental health outcomes, 2 reduced substance use, and 1 reduced bullying victimization. One study had strong methodologic quality, but the remaining studies’ results must be interpreted cautiously because of suboptimal methodologic quality. LIMITATIONS There exists a small collection of diverse interventions for reducing substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization among SGMY. CONCLUSIONS The dearth of interventions identified in this review is likely insufficient to mitigate the substantial inequities in substance use, mental health problems, and violence among SGMY.
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Mizock, Lauren, and Zlatka Russinova. "Acceptance of Mental Illness Among Women." In Acceptance of Mental Illness, 90–101. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190204273.003.0006.
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This chapter reviews the experiences of women with serious mental illness and the various disparities encountered by them. These disparities include higher rates of victimization, unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and inequities in clinical care. The impact of these disparities and associated stigma on the acceptance process is presented. This chapter centers on a discussion of intersectional stigma, or overlapping, multiple levels of stigma and discrimination, faced by women with serious mental illness. Several participant case narratives are presented in order to demonstrate the impact of intersectional stigma on the process of acceptance for women with serious mental illness. Clinical recommendations are provided to facilitate acceptance among women who experience intersectional stigma. A clinical strategies list, discussion questions, activities, the “Intersectional Stigma Worksheet,” and an explanatory table are included at the close of the chapter.
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Pitarakis, Brigitte. "Creative Thinking and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Byzantine Artistic Production." In Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies Plenary Sessions. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-590-2/007.
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Metal objects represent a valuable means to explore the process of artistic production in Byzantium. From gold to bronze, they offer insight into the relationship between crafts and the multiple parameters governing social life. The network of relations involved in the production, use, and distribution of metal objects also places them at the centre of intra- and interdisciplinary exchange among Byzantinists. The literature devoted to them originates within the various subdisciplines constituting Byzantine studies, ranging from epigraphy and philology to dynastic history and art history to archaeology. Their link to numismatics further opens horizons in the study of the Byzantine economy. The scholarly standards instituted across academic fields through interdisciplinary contacts and the knowledge brought to light by such exchanges have the multiplying effect of developing new areas of study and refining the methodologies applied to the analysis of metal objects.
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Pitarakis, Brigitte. "Creative Thinking and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Byzantine Artistic Production." In Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies Plenary Sessions. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-590-2/007.
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Metal objects represent a valuable means to explore the process of artistic production in Byzantium. From gold to bronze, they offer insight into the relationship between crafts and the multiple parameters governing social life. The network of relations involved in the production, use, and distribution of metal objects also places them at the centre of intra- and interdisciplinary exchange among Byzantinists. The literature devoted to them originates within the various subdisciplines constituting Byzantine studies, ranging from epigraphy and philology to dynastic history and art history to archaeology. Their link to numismatics further opens horizons in the study of the Byzantine economy. The scholarly standards instituted across academic fields through interdisciplinary contacts and the knowledge brought to light by such exchanges have the multiplying effect of developing new areas of study and refining the methodologies applied to the analysis of metal objects.
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Cantú-Hernández, Raúl René, Manuel Emiliano Quiroga Garza, David Leonardo Flores-Marín, Irma Elisa Erana-Rojas, and Mildred Vanessa López Cabrera. "Development of a Well-Being Mentorship Program for Clinical Clerkships." In Building a Patient-Centered Interprofessional Education Program, 240–58. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3066-5.ch012.
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Clinical clerkships allow students to transition from exclusively academic to real professional settings. This stressful transition can lead to burnout. Recent awareness has led to the creation of mentorship programs focused on improving students' well-being. A mentorship program was developed for students in the clinical clerkships to monitor and foster habits for well-being based on a six-pillar model: mental, social, emotional, academic, nutritional, and physical health. The purpose of the chapter is to present the model and preliminary results of a study that assessed the program's effects through the mentor's perception. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was used. Results indicate impact on mental (85%) and emotional health (85%), as evidenced by the identification of multiple red-flag cases. The implementation of programs must effectively foster students' self-assessment and allows them to develop better coping mechanisms.
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Kenyon-George, Leah Genieve. "Treating Child Sexual Abuse in Rural Communities." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 58–77. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0228-9.ch005.
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The focus of this chapter will be to discuss the treatment of child sexual abuse in a rural setting. Children in rural communities who have experienced such traumas are entitled to the same access and quality of services available in urban centres. Although the rates of trauma are similar in urban and rural settings, rural centres often lack adequate mental health services for children and families. According to Jones and colleagues (2014), each year in the United States approximately 22% of children between the ages of two and seventeen experience trauma. As we know, the impacts of trauma on the developing brain are significant, as are the negative outcomes on affective, behavioral and cognitive functioning (Cohen, Mannarino, & Deblinger, 2006). Mental health service providers face unique challenges in terms of practicing in rural or remote communities. Multiple barriers exist to practice in these communities, including lack of resources, lack of specialist knowledge, and the training and supervision of professionals, to name a few.
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Parsons, Anne E. "Flying the Cuckoo’s Nest." In From Asylum to Prison, 69–97. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640631.003.0004.
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This chapter charts the multiple factors that spurred the deinstitutionalization of mental hospitals in the 1960s. In 1963, Congress passed the Community Mental Health Act, which funded the creation of community mental health centers and provided inpatient and outpatient care, partial hospitalization, emergency services, and public education. The creation of Medicare and Medicaid also caused many states to reduce their reliance on custodial mental hospitals. Meanwhile, anti-psychiatry texts like Ken Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest spurred anti-institutionalism and advocates filed successful lawsuits against involuntary commitment laws. Institutionalized people gained a plethora of civil liberties, further reducing the mental hospital population. The chapter explores these national changes at the local level at places such as the Philadelphia State Hospital. That institution released large numbers of people, many of whom faced hardship when they left the hospital. That trend reflected how changes in mental health law and policy did not guarantee that people could access medical and social services in their home communities.
Conference papers on the topic "Multiple metal centres"
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Zhang, Fan, Michael Rosenfeld, and Jeremy Gustafson. "Fitness for Service Analysis of the Circumferential Extent of Corrosion in Pipelines." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78338.
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The failure of a corroded pipe is generally controlled by the depth and the longitudinal extent of the metal loss area subjected to hoop stress. However, the failure of metal loss due to its circumferential extent under longitudinal stress is possible if significant longitudinal stress exists in the pipe or the metal loss has considerable circumferential extent and depth. If such circumstances exist, it is prudent to conduct a complementary analysis of pipe integrity to assess the potential for circumferential as well longitudinal failure. Most existing approaches for assessing circumferential metal loss, such as Miller’s equations, were derived by assuming the metal loss to be centered at the extreme stress position around the pipe circumference, i.e., the center of the metal loss is centered at the location of the maximum bending stress in the pipe. The assessment may be over-conservative if the metal loss area deviates from the extreme position related to the bending plane. Described in this paper is a new approach to assess the potential for circumferential failure of metal loss centered at an arbitrary angle from the location of maximum bending stress. The approach results in the same failure stress as existing models when the metal loss is centered at the location of maximum bending stress. The failure stress increases when the metal loss deviates from the location of maximum bending stress and reaches the maximum value when the metal loss is centered at the neutral axis. The equations of the model developed in this paper can be easily implemented into a spreadsheet tool for routine integrity assessment. Other considerations related to the assessment of circumferential metal loss are also discussed, including non-uniform corrosion, negligible corrosion, and the interaction of multiple corrosion areas in the same pipe cross section. The model developed in this paper can also be used to determine the cutoff line for plastic collapse in a failure assessment diagram (FAD) based approach for assessing circumferential cracks, such as API 1104 Appendix A and API 579.
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Zhang, T., F. W. Brust, G. Wilkowski, D. L. Rudland, and A. Csontos. "Welding Residual Stress and Multiple Flaw Evaluation for Reactor Pressure Vessel Head Replacement Welds With Alloy 52." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78112.
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Small indications were found in one replacement reactor pressure vessel head (RPVH) mock-up being fabricated from Alloy 690 material and compatible weld metals, Alloy 52/152. The mockups were non-destructively examined and the lowest number of cracks found was five and the highest number was 22. There are numerous indications with some of them quite long (50 mm) in length. The source of these weld fabrication cracks is unknown. However, from experience with other difficult to weld materials, the source can range from slag inclusions in the weld metal to hot cracking during the weld deposition process. Hot cracking includes solidification cracking (weld), liquation cracking (HAZ), and ductility dip cracking (DDC). The indications were mostly circumferential in orientation (with respect to the nozzle axis) but some were axial. This paper includes two parts. The first part includes the welding residual stress analysis of RPVH using Alloy 52/152 metal and provides comparison with similar Alloy 82/182 welds. Alloy 82/182 was the material used in the original dissimilar metal welds in these heads. Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC) can occur in the primary coolant system when the welds are exposed to water, tensile stress, and temperature (usually higher than 250 C). PWSCC rates are higher in Alloy 82/182 material due to its lower chromium content compared with the replacement alloy. The results for both center hole (0-degree) and side hill (53-degree) nozzles will be discussed. The second part deals with assessment of multiple small cracks in the reactor pressure vessel head penetration nozzles. The finite element alternating method (FEAM) was used for calculating stress intensity factors for cases where multiple cracks exist. More than twenty cracks, which were inserted based on field measurements, are considered in the analyses for both center hole and side hill nozzles. It is observed that the overall stress trends are similar to those without adding cracks. However, cracks introduce more local stress fluctuations. The magnitude of the local fluctuation can be around 100MPa. Limit analysis was also conducted. A new finite element model with a voided-out weld region was used to simulate loss of structural capacity due to multiple flaws. The voided out volume effects on the structural integrity and future performance of RPVH were examined. Discussions based on weld residual stress, multiple flaw analysis and limit analysis conclude the paper.
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Puente Medellín, Luis F., Antonio Balvantin, and J. A. Diosdado-De la Peña. "Numerical Study of Cruciform Specimens for Biaxial Tensile Tests." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67452.
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This paper presents a numerical study of different geometries of cruciform specimens for biaxial tensile tests. The aim of these specimens is to be used on fixtures for biaxial tests mounted in universal testing machines. For the study, a model of isotropic material for steel sheet metal specimens was considered. Thus, only the mechanical properties of the sheet metal in the rolling direction were considered in the simulations. In this numerical analysis, the normal stress distribution and the consequent shear stress were studied. Additionally, the effect of the inclusion of multiple slots as well as a thickness reduction on the normal and shear stresses were assessed. Hence, a specimen in which a uniform normal stress distribution with zero shear stress, is necessary. The results of the analysis show that a specimen with features, multiple slots and a thickness reduction in the central area, provides a better performance in the simulations than dismissing any of these characteristics. Finally, a specimen model suitable for the mentioned test is proposed according to the obtained numerical results and the feasibility of manufacture of the experimental sample-test.
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Gaynor, Sean, and Drew S. Coleman. "HIGH-PRECISION U-PB CA-TIMS GEOCHRONOLOGY AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY OF POLY-METALLIC PORPHYRY INTRUSIONS OF THE LATIR MAGMATIC CENTER, NEW MEXICO: LARGE SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE METALS, OR MULTIPLE SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT METALS?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285513.
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Pâslaru, Ana Maria, Ana Maria Fătu, Alexandru Nechifor, Laura Florentina Rebegea, Diana Bulgaru Iliescu, and Anamaria Ciubara. "PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY. CASE PRESENTATION." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.35.
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Increased survival of oncology patients brings to attention new aspects of adverse effects due to antineoplastic treatment. Psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disorders as well as the progressive incidence of multiple primary neoplasia are some of the most common side effects. Aim: Care of the oncology patient undergoes an important period of change, from the management of tumor disease to the multidisciplinary approach, centered on improving the quality of life. Method: We present the case of a 75-year-old patient, whose personal pathological history reveals the presence of a diagnosis of left testicular seminoma, in 1978, for which he received radiochemical therapy. An oncological patient under long-term medical supervision for several decades is diagnosed in November 2017 with urothelial carcinoma, infiltrative, invasive in his own muscle patch, pT2NxMx. Approximately 40 years later, the second neoplastic site, the malignant bladder tumor, appears. Facing this diagnosis, the patient becomes anxious, anticipates catastrophic consequences, isolates himself. The family and friends support is essential in these moments, the patient tries cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, as well as various relaxation techniques, which have positive results for the patient attitude towards the disease. He admits, to complete staging, to follow the recommendations of the oncologist, perform proton emission tomography, which detects the presence of two lesions on the right lung. In January 2018, the surgical intervention is done by straight thoracotomy, atypical upper lobe resection and inferior lobectomy is performed. The histopathological and immunohistochemical results describe the presence of the third primary adenocarcinoma neoplasia. The initial emotional reaction is one of anger, denial, followed by demoralization, easy crying, sadness. The patient is examined by the psychiatrist, thus receiving the diagnosis of a severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms. He follows an anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative treatment but continues also the cognitive-behavioral therapy. The patient shows good compliance with psychopharmacological treatment and accepts adjuvant chemotherapy courses, which are well tolerated. Throughout the antineoplastic therapy, there was a close collaboration between the psychiatrist and the oncologist, to avoid drug interactions that could have led to interruption of the treatment. Under the oncology supervision, the patient receives another bad news, in September 2018, the fourth neoplastic localization, the prostatic adenocarcinoma pT2bN0M0, is discovered. In this case, in the presence of the combination of synchronous and methacrone tumors, the patient's psyche is deeply affected, continuing the psychopharmacological treatment. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are common among oncological patients, and they may suffer serious impairments in quality of life and treatment compliance, psycho-oncological collaboration being indispensable for the success of antineoplastic treatment.
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Moiseeva, Elena, Constantin Mikhaylenko, Victor Malyshev, Dmitry Maryin, and Nail Gumerov. "FMM/GPU Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Phase Transitions in Water-Nitrogen-Metal Systems." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86246.
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To characterize the behavior of water with dissolved gas (nitrogen) near a solid metallic substrate, which is important for realistic modeling of flows in nanochannels, the method of molecular dynamics is used. High performance computing is achieved via the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) for the force evaluation and via utilization of heterogeneous architectures which consists of central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). The FMM allows one to speed up computations of the long-range interactions (Coulomb potential) due to the linear scaling of the algorithm with the problem size. Utilization of the GPU provides significant acceleration of computations. Realization of the FMM on GPUs allows one to perform computational experiments for very large systems. The paper shows that the described technique can be used for water dynamics simulations in a region of size up to 100 nanometers, or of the order 100 millions molecules on personal supercomputers equipped with several GPUs. Results of numerical experiments on structure formation on the contact interface of a water droplet and metal surface both for pure water and for water with dissolved air are reported.
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Esfahani, Ehsan T., Shrey Pareek, Pramod Chembrammel, Mostafa Ghobadi, and Thenkurussi Kesavadas. "Adaptation of Rehabilitation System Based on User’s Mental Engagement." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47720.
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Recognition of user’s mental engagement is imperative to the success of robotic rehabilitation. The paper explores the novel paradigm in robotic rehabilitation of using Passive BCI as opposed to the conventional Active ones. We have designed experiments to determine a user’s level of mental engagement. In our experimental study, we record the brain activity of 3 healthy subjects during multiple sessions where subjects need to navigate through a maze using a haptic system with variable resistance/assistance. Using the data obtained through the experiments we highlight the drawbacks of using conventional workload metrics as indicators of human engagement, thus asserting that Motor and Cognitive Workloads be differentiated. Additionally we propose a new set of features: differential PSD of Cz-Poz at alpha, Beta and Sigma band, (Mental engagement) and relative C3-C4 at beta (Motor Workload) to distinguish Normal Cases from those instances when haptic where applied with an accuracy of 92.93%. Mental engagement is calculated using the power spectral density of the Theta band (4–7 Hz) in the parietal-midline (Pz) with respect to the central midline (Cz). The above information can be used to adjust robotic rehabilitation parameters I accordance with the user’s needs. The adjustment may be in the force levels, difficulty level of the task or increasing the speed of the task.
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Camargo, Lorena, Matthew Gitsham, and B. Rabi Baliga. "Measurements of Mean Heat Transfer Coefficients for Turbulent Forced Convection in a Rectangular Duct With Uniformly Spaced Plate Inserts." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88510.
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An experimental investigation of turbulent forced convection from single and multiple heated plates in the spatially-periodic fully-developed region of air flows in a straight rectangular duct with uniformly spaced plate inserts is described. The focus in this work is on measurements of temporally- and spatially-averaged heat transfer coefficients on the surfaces of the aforementioned plates. The experimental technique is based on a lumped parameter analysis. Six different heated plates were specially designed, constructed, and instrumented for this work. Each of these heated plates was made up of a central metal section (brass, aluminum, or copper) and two plastic end sections (Ertalyte): the metal section was constructed from a top part and a bottom part, with grooves milled in the bottom part to accommodate three thermocouples and an electrical heating wire; the plastic sections were used to reduce the rates of heat loss from the ends to negligible amounts compared to that due to forced convection from the lateral surfaces of the metal section to the air. The Reynolds number used in the presentation of the results is based on the time-mean average streamwise velocity in the minimum cross-sectional area of the duct and a hydraulic diameter: its values ranged from 2,000 to 30,000. Details of the experimental technique used and the results obtained are presented and discussed.
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Tada, Naoya, Makoto Uchida, Akira Funakoshi, and Hiroki Ishikawa. "Experimental Study of Three-Dimensional Identification of Semi-Elliptical Crack on the Back Surface by Means of Direct-Current Electrical Potential Difference Method of Multiple-Point Measurement Type." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26299.
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A method for identification of a semi-elliptical crack existing on the back surface of the material by means of direct-current electrical potential difference method of multiple-point measurement type was proposed. The geometry of the crack was given by the two-dimensional location of the crack center, the surface and inward angles of the crack, and the length and depth of the crack. The identification was carried out based on the distribution of potential difference on the surface. The related experiments were carried out using six metal plates with various semi-elliptical cracks made on the back surface by electric discharge machining. The geometry of the crack was successfully identified by the proposed method and the results were discussed.
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Lucero, Briana, Vimal Viswanathan, Julie Linsey, and Cameron Turner. "Analysis of Critical Functionality for Meta Analogy via Performance Specification." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13472.
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This research defines the basis for a new quantitative approach for retrieving useful analogies for innovation based on the relevant performance characteristics of critical functions. Analogy matching is made possible by the novel incorporation of Non Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBs) based metamodels enabling the efficient representation of critical function performance. The concept of critical functionality is central to this research effort. Metamodels of the performance of critical functions, obtained from simulations, engineering models (such as bond graphs) and/or experimental data collections, will be organized into a searchable repository of innovative analogies. This approach will enable multiple analogies to be presented to the designer with a quantified match metric related to the desired performance benefit to the design. The impact of this approach for inspiring novel designs will be measured through controlled experiments measuring the impact of the analogies on the innovation of design. The ultimate research goal will be verified using MetaAnalogy via Performance Specification (MAPS) technique at both the conceptual design phase and throughout the design process. Engineering innovation is critical to meet a vast array of challenges including the grand engineering challenges of the 21st century in the form of energy and environmental solutions.
Reports on the topic "Multiple metal centres"
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Corrigan, D., L. Nadeau, P. Brouillette, N. Wodicka, M G Houlé, T. Tremblay, G. Machado, and P. Keating. Overview of the GEM Multiple Metals - Melville Peninsula project, central Melville Peninsula, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292862.
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Dickersin, Kay, Tianjing Li, and Evan Mayo-Wilson. Integrating Multiple Data Sources for Meta-analysis to Improve Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/3.2018.me.13035785.
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Backstrom, Robert, and David Dini. Firefighter Safety and Photovoltaic Systems Summary. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/kylj9621.
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Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Fire Prevention and Safety Research Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service concerns of photovoltaic (PV) systems. These concerns include firefighter vulnerability to electrical and casualty hazards when mitigating a fire involving photovoltaic (PV) modules systems. The need for this project is significant acknowledging the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, growing at a rate of 30% annually. As a result of greater utilization, traditional firefighter tactics for suppression, ventilation and overhaul have been complicated, leaving firefighters vulnerable to potentially unrecognized exposure. Though the electrical and fire hazards associated with electrical generation and distribution systems is well known, PV systems present unique safety considerations. A very limited body of knowledge and insufficient data exists to understand the risks to the extent that the fire service has been unable to develop safety solutions and respond in a safe manner. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the hazards associated with PV installations. This data provides the foundation to modify current or develop new firefighting practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. A functioning PV array was constructed at Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL to serve as a test fixture. The main test array consisted of 26 PV framed modules rated 230 W each (5980 W total rated power). Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of power isolation techniques and the potential hazard from contact of typical firefighter tools with live electrical PV components. Existing fire test fixtures located at the Delaware County Emergency Services Training Center were modified to construct full scale representations of roof mounted PV systems. PV arrays were mounted above Class A roofs supported by wood trusses. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first series represented a room of content fire, extending into the attic space, breaching the roof and resulting in structural collapse. Three PV technologies were subjected to this fire condition – rack mounted metal framed, glass on polymer modules, building integrated PV shingles, and a flexible laminate attached to a standing metal seam roof. A second series of experiments was conducted on the metal frame technology. These experiments represented two fire scenarios, a room of content fire venting from a window and the ignition of debris accumulation under the array. The results of these experiments provide a technical basis for the fire service to examine their equipment, tactics, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of potential electrical shock hazard from PV installations during and after a fire event.
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Backstrom, Robert, and David Backstrom. Firefighter Safety and Photovoltaic Installations Research Project. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/viyv4379.
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Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Fire Prevention and Safety Research Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service concerns of photovoltaic (PV) systems. These concerns include firefighter vulnerability to electrical and casualty hazards when mitigating a fire involving photovoltaic (PV) modules systems. The need for this project is significant acknowledging the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, growing at a rate of 30% annually. As a result of greater utilization, traditional firefighter tactics for suppression, ventilation and overhaul have been complicated, leaving firefighters vulnerable to potentially unrecognized exposure. Though the electrical and fire hazards associated with electrical generation and distribution systems is well known, PV systems present unique safety considerations. A very limited body of knowledge and insufficient data exists to understand the risks to the extent that the fire service has been unable to develop safety solutions and respond in a safe manner. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the hazards associated with PV installations. This data provides the foundation to modify current or develop new firefighting practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. A functioning PV array was constructed at Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL to serve as a test fixture. The main test array consisted of 26 PV framed modules rated 230 W each (5980 W total rated power). Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of power isolation techniques and the potential hazard from contact of typical firefighter tools with live electrical PV components. Existing fire test fixtures located at the Delaware County Emergency Services Training Center were modified to construct full scale representations of roof mounted PV systems. PV arrays were mounted above Class A roofs supported by wood trusses. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first series represented a room of content fire, extending into the attic space, breaching the roof and resulting in structural collapse. Three PV technologies were subjected to this fire condition – rack mounted metal framed, glass on polymer modules, building integrated PV shingles, and a flexible laminate attached to a standing metal seam roof. A second series of experiments was conducted on the metal frame technology. These experiments represented two fire scenarios, a room of content fire venting from a window and the ignition of debris accumulation under the array. The results of these experiments provide a technical basis for the fire service to examine their equipment, tactics, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of potential electrical shock hazard from PV installations during and after a fire event.
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Borgida, Alex, and Ralf Küsters. What's not in a name? Initial Explorations of a Structural Approach to Integrating Large Concept Knowledge-Bases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.101.
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Aus der Einleitung: Given two ontologies/terminologies collections of terms and their 'meanings' as used in some universe of discourse (UofD), our general task is to integrate them into a single ontology, which captures the meanings of the original terms and their inter-relationships. This problem is motivated by several application scenarios: • First, such ontologies have been and are being developed independently by multiple groups for knowledge-based and other applications. Among others, medicine is an area in which such ontologies already abound [RZStGC, CCHJ94, SCC97]. • Second, a traditional step in database design has been so-called 'view integration': taking the descriptions of the database needs of different parts of an organization (called 'external views'), and coming up with a unified central schema (called the 'logical schema') for the database [BLN86]. Although the database views might be expressed in some low-level formalism, such as the relational data model, one can express the semantics (meta-data) in a more expressive notation, which can be thought of as an ontology. Then the integration of the ontologies can guide the integration of the views. • Finally, databases and semistructured data on the internet provide many examples where there are multiple, existing heterogeneous information sources, for which uniform access is desired. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to relate the contents of the various information sources. The approach of choice has been the development of a single, integrated ontology, starting from separate ontologies capturing the semantics of the heterogeneous sources[Kas97, CDGL+98]. Of course, we could just take the union of the two ontologies, and return the result as the integration. However, except for the case when the ontologies had absolutely nothing to do with each other, this seems inappropriate. Therefore part of our task will to be explore what it means to 'integrate' two ontologies. To help in this, we will in fact assume here that the ontologies are describing exactly the same aspects of the universe of discourse (UofD), leaving for a separate paper the issue of dealing with partially overlapping ontologies.
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.
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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.
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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Andrea Diulio-Nakamura, Kim Mauer, Rongwei Fu, et al. Integrated and Comprehensive Pain Management Programs: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer251.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of pain management programs that are based on the biopsychosocial model of care, particularly in the Medicare population. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from 1989 to May 24, 2021; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Given lack of consensus on terminology and program definition for pain management, we defined programs as integrated (based in and integrated with primary care) and comprehensive (referral based and separate from primary care) pain management programs (IPMPs and CPMPs). Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPMPs and CPMPs with usual care or waitlist, physical activity, pharmacologic therapy, and psychological therapy in patients with complex acute/subacute pain or chronic nonactive cancer pain. Patients needed to have access to medication support/review, psychological support, and physical function support in programs. Meta-analyses were conducted to improve estimate precision. We classified the magnitude of effects as small, moderate, or large based on predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, and change in opioid use. Results. We included 57 RCTs; 8 evaluated IPMPs and 49 evaluated CPMPs. Compared with usual care or waitlist, IPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain in the short and intermediate term (SOE: low) and in function in the short term (SOE: moderate), but there were no clear differences at other time points. CPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain immediately postintervention (SOE: moderate) but no differences in the short, intermediate, and long term (SOE: low); for function, improvements were moderate immediately postintervention and in the short term; there were no differences in the intermediate or long term (SOE: low at all time points). CPMPs were associated with small to moderate improvements in function and pain versus pharmacologic treatment alone at multiple time frames (SOE: moderate for function intermediate term; low for pain and function at all other times), and with small improvements in function but no improvements in pain in the short term when compared with physical activity alone (SOE: moderate). There were no differences between CPMPs and psychological therapy alone at any time (SOE: low). Serious harms were not reported, although evidence on harms was insufficient. The mean age was 57 years across IPMP RCTs and 45 years across CPMP RCTs. None of the trials specifically enrolled Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence on factors related to program structure, delivery, coordination, and components that may impact outcomes is sparse and there was substantial variability across studies on these factors. Conclusions. IPMPs and CPMPs may provide small to moderate improvements in function and small improvements in pain in patients with chronic pain compared with usual care. Formal pain management programs have not been widely implemented in the United States for general populations or the Medicare population. To the extent that programs are tailored to patients’ needs, our findings are potentially applicable to the Medicare population. Programs that address a range of biopsychosocial aspects of pain, tailor components to patient need, and coordinate care may be of particular importance in this population.