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1
Warner, Chantelle, Diane Richardson, and Kristin Lange. "Realizing multiple literacies through game-enhanced pedagogies: Designing learning across discourse levels." Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgvw.11.1.9_1.
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One of the primary struggles for scholars and practitioners of instructed foreign languages today is how to best teach language as discourse in all its complexity. Digital games, as massively semiotic ecologies, arguably offer a unique opportunity for language learners to experience that complexity in action. This article provides a model for teaching language as discourse in action through digital games, as a means of presenting language learners with opportunities to experience the complexity of text, genre and discourse. The model integrates three levels of discourse essential to digital gaming: (1) the designs of the games, (2) the interactions between gamers, both those that take part in the gaming platform (such as in-game chats) and those between participants in the classroom and (3) social discourses about gaming.
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Weder, Franzisca. "Hollow Notion of Corporate Social Responsibility. Introduction of a Frame Field Model to Investigate CSR in Public Discourses." MedienJournal 42, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/medienjournal.v42i1.1624.
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The present study examines the relevance and framing of Corporate Social Responsibility in the mass media. Challenged by the ethically (over)loaded issue of responsibility, communication studies are searching for a new understanding of framing to investigate phenomena of new economic values like Corporate Social Responsibility in public discourses. For the quantitative content analysis put forward herein, frames are described as footprints of diverse positions, which determine a given public discourse. The longitudinal analysis of 26 German-speaking newspapers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland between 1999 and 2008, a phase where CSR was aligned in business practices and CSR communication established in public discourses, aims at identifying CSR-frames as well as inquiring into the existence of a public discourse about CSR. The results show that there is no discourse on CSR itself. Instead of the assumed multiple issue-specific frames, CSR itself is (ab)used as a masterframe or “buzz word” in economic discourses.
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Smoley, Christine. "Mrs Dalloway’s Dialogic Discourse and the Function of the Written Fragment." Transcultural Studies 11, no. 2 (April 10, 2015): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01102004.
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The text of Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway is constructed from multiple character ‘voices’ or discourses in such a way that gives the novel a dialogic form. After discussing Mrs Dalloway’s dialogic model of sane and insane discourse and subjectivity—a model which is transposed into the text through the discourses of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith—by drawing upon Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of novelistic discourse, this paper demonstrates how the novel makes use of its dialogic form and structure, positing a model of modern subjectivity by demonstrating the paradoxical inhabitation of ‘insanity’ within sanity, and the fundamental role which ‘unreason’ plays as a constituent of reason.
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Xiong, Hao, Zhongjun He, Hua Wu, and Haifeng Wang. "Modeling Coherence for Discourse Neural Machine Translation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 7338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017338.
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Discourse coherence plays an important role in the translation of one text. However, the previous reported models most focus on improving performance over individual sentence while ignoring cross-sentence links and dependencies, which affects the coherence of the text. In this paper, we propose to use discourse context and reward to refine the translation quality from the discourse perspective. In particular, we generate the translation of individual sentences at first. Next, we deliberate the preliminary produced translations, and train the model to learn the policy that produces discourse coherent text by a reward teacher. Practical results on multiple discourse test datasets indicate that our model significantly improves the translation quality over the state-of-the-art baseline system by +1.23 BLEU score. Moreover, our model generates more discourse coherent text and obtains +2.2 BLEU improvements when evaluated by discourse metrics.
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Vazquez-Brust, Diego A., and José Antonio Plaza-Úbeda. "What Characteristics Do the Firms Have That Go Beyond Compliance with Regulation in Environmental Protection? A Multiple Discriminant Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041873.
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This paper is focused on analyzing the characteristics of firms that have environmental performance beyond the requirements of regulation in environmental protection. To identify such characteristics, we propose a value and context model building on environmental paradigms as conceptualized by Dryzek’s environmental discourse theory. Using multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) to analyze data collected from a multi-respondent survey of Argentinean polluting firms, we identify distinctive characteristics of firms going beyond regulation and firms that do not comply with regulation. In particular, comparing with other five environmental discourses, endorsement of green growth is evaluated in its connection with compliance patterns. We find that supporting green growth discourse (also known as ecological modernization) is one of the characteristics of those firms that go beyond compliance in their environmental performance.
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Langonné, Joël, and Magali Prodhomme. "The WAN-IFRA discourse: advice, application, and disqualification of organisational models in media." Brazilian Journalism Research 10, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v10n1.2014.624.
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Among the multiple exhortations made on the liberating - even saviour-type - role of the digital era over the past ten years in the field of journalism, one constant has remained: criticism of managerial models and dialectic of economic ones in the media which have defined the spheres of action, resulting in these discourses without ever sealing their fate. A fate that for several years now has been marked by a process in which journalists are being cast aside in favour of a managerial standpoint that broadly integrates 'convergence' as a tool of governance. This paper aims to question (as one of many mediations instituting convergence as a structuring model) WAN-IFRA's discursive and ideological materiality. This international organisation of newspapers and news publishers has set its sights on convincing the print media of the necessity to switching to multiformat; to convergence. This work investigates the stability and/or instability of the WAN-IFRA discourse, as well as its ability to absorb other discourses. Lastly, through a cloud of prescriptive discourse it will indicate those discourses enforced by some managers in the media business.
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Yazdani, Naveed, Hassan Sohaib Murad, and Aleena Shuja. "Wholistic Management Education (WME): Theorizing the Contextualized Applicability of Transformative Learning in Management Education Discourse." Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business 4, no. 1 (May 8, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v4i1.103.
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Traditional management education discourse is in crisis. It does not prepare students to face real world complexities and challenges because it is devoid of context and historicity and localness. It focuses narrowly on the means and not ends of managing and organizing. To address these glaring and gaping fissures between concepts and reality. This paper utilizes Mezirow’s theory of transformative learning approach in management education so that the future managers are on course for individual transformation. Later developments in the transformative learning theory connecting it with extra-rational thinking, multiple ways of knowing and critically evaluating social dynamics are also incorporated so that the individual transformation leads to more broader collective transformation. The discursive interplay between texts, actions and discourses are captured in the proposed Wholistic Management Education (WME) model. The model’s validity and its relation with Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis are briefly discussed along with future research directions.
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Iwasaki, Shoichi. "A multiple-grammar model of speakers’ linguistic knowledge." Cognitive Linguistics 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 161–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0101.
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AbstractBy using the concept of ‘multiple grammars,’ this paper develops the view of an individual speaker’s cognitive organization of grammar. Although conversation, one type of spoken language environment, plays a crucial role in the emergence of grammar, for some speakers in a literate society, the written language environment may also contribute to developing a grammar. The two language environments are expected to provide unique incentives to shaping grammar differently as they diverge greatly in terms of media types (sound vs graph), constraints (online processing vs detachment), and purposes (interaction vs ideational formation), among others. At the same time, speakers may come in contact with and acquire additional sets of grammar for specific genres. Though the grammars acquired in different genre environments may be merged at the most abstract level, each grammar contains genre-specific formulaic expressions and grammatical resources with varying degrees of granularity. Speakers may conduct their routine linguistic activities in an informal conversation by employing reusable formulaic expressions of various types and rudimentary combinatory algorithms, but when they engage in more complex verbal tasks (politicians engaging in a debate, interviewees reconstructing past experiences), they may employ more abstract grammatical resources including those that were acquired from written language. The paper explores these suggestions by performing text and statistical analyses of several Japanese discourse samples.
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Whalen, Karen, and Nathan Ménard. "L1 and L2 Writers' Strategic and Linguistic Knowledge: A Model of Multiple-Level Discourse Processing." Language Learning 45, no. 3 (September 1995): 381–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1995.tb00447.x.
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Strickland, Brent, Salamatu Barrie, and Rihana S. Mason. "Discourse structure and word learning." Pragmatics and Society 2, no. 2 (October 21, 2011): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.2.2.07str.
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The extant literature on discourse comprehension distinguishes between two types of texts: narrative and expository (Steen, 1999). Narrative discourse tells readers a story by giving them an account of events; the narration informs and/or persuades the readership by using textual elements such as theme, plot, and characters. Expository discourse explains or informs the readership by using concepts and techniques such as definition, sequence, categorization, and cause-effect relations. The present study is based on two experiments. In Experiment 1, we compared the two discourse types to examine if college students would be better at extracting the meanings of novel words from one of the two types of discourse structure than from the other. The findings indicated that participants were significantly better at inferring the meaning of novel words from narrative compared to expository discourse. In Experiment 2, we examined the number of situation models that a reader is required to mentally construct, as a possible characteristic that influences the difficulty of learning new word meaning within narrative discourse. Contrary to intuition, fewer novel words were learned in a single-situation, as opposed to a multi-situation model condition, suggesting that the additional inferencing needed to construct multiple models also promotes word learning. Results are discussed with respect to how the structure of written discourse can facilitate word learning in a reader’s native language. Implications for education and assessment are also discussed.
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Angelidis, Stefanos, and Mirella Lapata. "Multiple Instance Learning Networks for Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00002.
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We consider the task of fine-grained sentiment analysis from the perspective of multiple instance learning (MIL). Our neural model is trained on document sentiment labels, and learns to predict the sentiment of text segments, i.e. sentences or elementary discourse units (EDUs), without segment-level supervision. We introduce an attention-based polarity scoring method for identifying positive and negative text snippets and a new dataset which we call SpoT (as shorthand for Segment-level POlariTy annotations) for evaluating MIL-style sentiment models like ours. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance against multiple baselines, whereas a judgement elicitation study shows that EDU-level opinion extraction produces more informative summaries than sentence-based alternatives.
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Arora, Sanjeev, Yuanzhi Li, Yingyu Liang, Tengyu Ma, and Andrej Risteski. "Linear Algebraic Structure of Word Senses, with Applications to Polysemy." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00034.
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Word embeddings are ubiquitous in NLP and information retrieval, but it is unclear what they represent when the word is polysemous. Here it is shown that multiple word senses reside in linear superposition within the word embedding and simple sparse coding can recover vectors that approximately capture the senses. The success of our approach, which applies to several embedding methods, is mathematically explained using a variant of the random walk on discourses model (Arora et al., 2016). A novel aspect of our technique is that each extracted word sense is accompanied by one of about 2000 “discourse atoms” that gives a succinct description of which other words co-occur with that word sense. Discourse atoms can be of independent interest, and make the method potentially more useful. Empirical tests are used to verify and support the theory.
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Beling, Adrián E., Ana Patricia Cubillo-Guevara, Julien Vanhulst, and Antonio Luis Hidalgo-Capitán. "Buen vivir (Good Living): A “Glocal” Genealogy of a Latin American Utopia for the World." Latin American Perspectives 48, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x211009242.
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Buen vivir (good living) discourse emerged at the turn of the century in the context of global political contestation around the prevailing development model at the intersection of multiple actors, discourses, and struggles. A genealogical reconstruction of this discourse disputes the ethnocentric character often attributed to it outside Latin America as an allegedly indigenous discursive product. Instead, buen vivir is a prime example of “glocal” discursive articulation in pursuit of alter- and postdevelopmentalist utopias—a cultural-political experiment that holds valuable lessons for global debates around alternative socio-ecological futures. El discurso del “buen vivir” surgió a principios de siglo en el contexto de la contienda política global en torno al modelo de desarrollo prevaleciente en la intersección de múltiples actores, discursos y luchas. Una reconstrucción genealógica de dicho discurso cuestiona el carácter etnocéntrico que a menudo se le atribuye fuera de América Latina, donde se le mira como un producto discursivo supuestamente indígena. Sin embargo, el buen vivir es un excelente ejemplo de articulación discursiva “glocal” en busca de utopías alter-y postdesarrollistas, un experimento cultural-político que puede brindar valiosas lecciones a los debates globales en torno a futuros socioecológicos alternativos.
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Habernal, Ivan, and Iryna Gurevych. "Argumentation Mining in User-Generated Web Discourse." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 1 (April 2017): 125–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00276.
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The goal of argumentation mining, an evolving research field in computational linguistics, is to design methods capable of analyzing people's argumentation. In this article, we go beyond the state of the art in several ways. (i) We deal with actual Web data and take up the challenges given by the variety of registers, multiple domains, and unrestricted noisy user-generated Web discourse. (ii) We bridge the gap between normative argumentation theories and argumentation phenomena encountered in actual data by adapting an argumentation model tested in an extensive annotation study. (iii) We create a new gold standard corpus (90k tokens in 340 documents) and experiment with several machine learning methods to identify argument components. We offer the data, source codes, and annotation guidelines to the community under free licenses. Our findings show that argumentation mining in user-generated Web discourse is a feasible but challenging task.
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Maharjan, Raj. "A Conceptual Discourse on Consumer’s Preference of Brandy." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v1i2.27447.
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Background: Liquor industry is growing to become a global giant by empowering its competitiveness. Nowadays, alcohol has been accepted and welcomed as a normal part of everyday life with innovatively embedded alcohol development and promotion. Alcohol products consist of a range of offerings including Gin, wine, vodka and Scotch, among which brandy has been gaining higher importance.
Objectives: This paper explores the consumers’ preferences for brandy, their knowledge on brandy and also the factors determining the consumer choice on consumption of brandy.This study aims to contribute to the brandy consumer behavior-responsive managerial implications, especially in hospitality industry by identifying the attributes that are perceived important for the marketing of brandy to a large segment of dynamic market.
Methods: The academic discourse on this paper includes exploration of multiple dimensions related to the study of consumer behavior. Theories concerning consumer preferences, with specific focus on Reasoned Action Theory, Engel Kollat Blackwell Model, Hybrid Choice Model, Hedonic Price Model, Consumer Perception Factor Model and Conjoint Analysis are reviewed.The study on brandy, along with the differences from other alcoholic beverages, has also been included.
Findings: Brandy represents a wide category and the bases of differences among types of brandy are studied along with the review of brandy products available worldwide. This study highlights brandy consumption practices in the world, benefits of brandy consumption and people’s perception towards brandy among other alcoholic beverages.
Conclusions: Alcohol is the fastest growing industry and requires consumer preference for the promotions and penetration of the product into the market, and for developingthe product and improving it further.
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Haworth, Kate. "Audience design in the police interview: The interactional and judicial consequences of audience orientation." Language in Society 42, no. 1 (January 24, 2013): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404512000899.
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AbstractPolice-suspect interviews in England and Wales are a multi-audience, multi-purpose, transcontextual mode of discourse. They are conducted as part of the initial investigation into a crime, but are subsequently recontextualized through the judicial process, ultimately being presented in court as evidence against the interviewee. The communicative challenges posed by multiple future audiences are investigated by applying Bell's (1984) audience design model to the police interview, and the resulting “poor fit” demonstrates why this context is discursively counterintuitive to participants. Further, data analysis indicates that interviewer and interviewee, although ostensibly addressing each other, may orientate to different audiences, with potentially serious consequences. As well as providing new insight into police-suspect interview interaction, this article seeks to extend understanding of the influence of audience on interaction at the discourse level, and to contribute to the development of theoretical models for contexts with multiple or asynchronous audiences. (Audience design, audience orientation, police interviews, forensic linguistics)*
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Sheep, Mathew L., Gail T. Fairhurst, and Shalini Khazanchi. "Knots in the Discourse of Innovation: Investigating Multiple Tensions in a Reacquired Spin-off." Organization Studies 38, no. 3-4 (May 13, 2016): 463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840616640845.
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We examine the case of a corporate spin-off, in which its reacquisition by the parent firm radically changed its structure and culture. Employing a discourse lens, we study paradoxical tensions of innovation as key members “talk into being” the paradoxical circumstances of their environment. From our analysis, we develop the concept of tensional “knots,” discursive formulations in which members construct tensions, not only as co-occurring, but as Gordian (inseparable) entanglements of interdependence. Knotted tensions can be amplifying (exacerbating) or attenuating (improving) in their effects on one another, but with very different consequences to innovative action. Specifically, knotted tensions and the way in which members manage them set up counter-intuitive logics that serve to justify courses of innovative action or inaction. We propose a process model advancing understanding of interlinked tensions in more complex ways than current paradox theory allows. We conclude with a discussion of our contributions to paradox theory in innovative contexts, along with suggestions for future research.
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Budarsini, Kadek Pasek, I. Made Suarsana, and I. Nengah Suparta. "Model diskursus multi representasi dan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa sekolah menegah pertama." Pythagoras: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 13, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pg.v13i2.20047.
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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Diskursus Multi Representasi terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja, Provinsi Bali. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post-test only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling dan terpilih 2 kelas yakni kelas VII H dan kelas VII I sebagai sampel penelitian. Melalui pengundian kelas VII I dipilih sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII H sebagai kelas kontrol. Data mengenai pemahaman konsep matematika siswa dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes essay dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t satu arah (one-tailed) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung = 2,037 dan ttabel = 1,671, tampak bahwa thitung ttabelyang berarti hipotesis nol ditolak. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja yang dibelajarkan model pembelajaran Diskursus Multi Representasi lebih baik dari kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Multiple representation discourse model and the ability of understanding the mathematical concept of students of junior high school AbstractThis research was a quasi-experimental research that aimed to determine the effect of Multiple Representation Discourse learning model towards the ability of understanding the mathematical concept of VII grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja, Province of Bali, Indonesia. The research design used in this research was post-test only control group design. The population of this study were all students of grade VII of SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja in second semester of academic year 2017/2018. The sample of the research was determided by cluster random sampling technique. The use of this technique was done by drawing the 11 classes. One class was taken randomly to be become experimental class and the other one as control class. Data of students' mathematics concept understanding were collected by using the essay test and were analyzed by using a one-tailed test at significance level of 5%. The results showed that tcount = 2.037 and ttable = 1.671, which means that the hypothesis null was rejected. This indicated that the application of the Multiple Representation Discourse model positively significantly affects the students' understanding on mathematical concepts
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Dipper, Lucy, Jane Marshall, Mary Boyle, Deborah Hersh, Nicola Botting, and Madeline Cruice. "Creating a Theoretical Framework to Underpin Discourse Assessment and Intervention in Aphasia." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020183.
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Discourse (a unit of language longer than a single sentence) is fundamental to everyday communication. People with aphasia (a language impairment occurring most frequently after stroke, or other brain damage) have communication difficulties which lead to less complete, less coherent, and less complex discourse. Although there are multiple reviews of discourse assessment and an emerging evidence base for discourse intervention, there is no unified theoretical framework to underpin this research. Instead, disparate theories are recruited to explain different aspects of discourse impairment, or symptoms are reported without a hypothesis about the cause. What is needed is a theoretical framework that would clarify the specific linguistic skills that create completeness, coherence, and complexity (i.e., richness) in discourse, and illuminate both the processes involved in discourse production and the reasons for breakdown. This paper reports a review and synthesis of the theoretical literature relevant to spoken discourse in aphasia discourse, and we propose a novel theoretical framework which unites these disparate sources. This framework is currently being tested as the foundation for Linguistic Underpinnings of Narrative in Aphasia (LUNA) treatment research. In this paper, we outline the novel framework and exemplify how it might be used to guide clinical practice and research. Future collaborative research is needed to develop this framework into a processing model for spoken discourse.
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Wennerstrom, Ann. "INTONATION AS COHESION IN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 20, no. 1 (March 1998): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263198001016.
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This paper reports the results of a study of the intonation of 18 Mandarin Chinese speakers lecturing in English. As a basis for the study, it is proposed that intonation be considered a grammar of cohesion in English discourse: Drawing from the intonational model of Pierrehumbert and Hirschberg (1990), it is argued that discrete morphemes of intonation correspond to the categories of cohesion in Halliday and Hasan's (1976) typology. The study investigated the hypothesis that the nonnative speakers who were able to use the intonation system of English most effectively would score higher on a global language test. Using a Computerized Speech Lab to measure pitch, four aspects of intonation were averaged for each speaker: (a) the pitch difference between newly introduced content words and function words, (b) the use of high pitch at phrase boundaries to link related constituents, (c) the use of pitch to distinguish contrasting items from given items, and (d) the paratone or increase in pitch range at rhetorical junctures to signal topic shift. These four measures were chosen for their contribution to the cohesion of the lectures. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the fourth intonation variable, the paratone, was a significant predictor of these subjects' English test scores. Examples are given of the other variables in context from both low- and high-scoring speakers. It is emphasized that intonation is not only a stylistic component of accent but also a meaning-bearing grammatical system.
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Biltekoff, Charlotte, Jessica Mudry, Aya H. Kimura, Hannah Landecker, and Julie Guthman. "Interrogating Moral and Quantification Discourses in Nutritional Knowledge." Gastronomica 14, no. 3 (2014): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2014.14.3.17.
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This conversation is part of a special issue on “Critical Nutrition” in which multiple authors weigh in on various themes related to the origins, character, and consequences of contemporary American nutrition discourses and practices, as well as how nutrition might be known and done differently. In this section authors focus on the hegemony of reductionism and quantification in modern-day nutritional knowledge by discussing the historical foundations and ethical dimensions, as well as the scientific absences, in this knowledge. Reviewing various challenges to the energy balance model, they all suggest that the promotion of good nutrition is far from simple. Some authors also discuss why various “invisible” nutrients and measures of good nutrition continue to hold so much sway in nutrition discourse.
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Khademolqorani, Shakiba, Ali Zeinal Hamadani, and Farimah Mokhatab Rafiei. "A Hybrid Analysis Approach to Improve Financial Distress Forecasting: Empirical Evidence from Iran." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178197.
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Bankruptcy prediction is an important problem facing financial decision support for stakeholders of firms, including auditors, managers, shareholders, debt-holders, and potential investors, as well as academic researchers. Popular discourse on financial distress forecasting focuses on developing the discrete models to improve the prediction. The aim of this paper is to develop a novel hybrid financial distress model based on combining various statistical and machine learning methods. Then multiple attribute decision making method is exploited to choose the optimized model from the implemented ones. Proposed approaches have also been applied in Iranian companies that performed previous models and it can be consolidated with the help of the hybrid approach.
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Beschasnaya, A. A., and N. N. Pokrovskaia. "Participation in Cities in Sociological Discourse." Discourse 6, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-4-46-61.
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Introduction. The social practice of participativeness, active participation in the transformation of urban space in the interests of residents, is gaining popularity among the urban population. The study of this phenomenon is interest for obvious integration with management decisions. Expanding the practice of implementing social activity of the population and studying the components of participativeness determine the goal of writing the paper-the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for studying this phenomenon.Methodology and source. The paper presents a review of classical and modern sociological theories that reveal the potential of empirical study of aspects of the manifestation of participation of urban residents. Among the mentioned by the authors are the theory of social action, social solidarity, phenomenology, social constructivism.Results and discussion. The problematic nature of living in cities and the penetration of these problems into the daily interaction of citizens forms the origins of solidary participation of citizens-individual and private interests form collective actions-processes. Multiple individual forms of citizens' activity on urban improvement are transformed into participativeness – institutionalized joint activity. Its participants can take differentiated positions in the social structure of the urban community according to the criteria of having a diverse experience of interaction, i.e. exchange, with the urban environment and taking a position in the city management structure, which determines the level of regulated authority to make managerial decisions. The problems of urban life that are common to different categories of citizens and the typification of social activity to solve them order the interaction of participants, organize and “produce” the urban space.Conclusion. In the process of reasoning, a theoretical model of the formation of participativeness is presented, which allows us to trace the transformation of activity of the urban population into the right to the city and the formation of a favorable urban environment.
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Salter, Mark B., and Geneviève Piché. "The Securitization of the US–Canada Border in American Political Discourse." Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, no. 4 (December 2011): 929–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000813.
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Abstract. In this paper, the authors analyze the empirical process of securitization of the US–Canada border and then reflect on the model proposed by the Copenhagen School. We argue that securitization theory oversimplifies the political process of securitizing moves and audience acceptance. Rather than attributing securitization to a singular speaker addressing a specific audience, we present overlapping and ongoing language security games performed by varying relevant actors during the key period between the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) in December 2004 and the signing of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) in June 2005, showing how multiple speakers participate in the continuing construction of a context in which this issue is increasingly treated as a matter of security. We also explore the language adopted by participants in the field, focusing on an expert panel convened by the Homeland Security Institute. We conclude that in the securitization of the US–Canada border there are inconsistencies between truth and discourse, as well as significant distinctions between official and bureaucratic discourses, further emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive model of securitization.Résumé. Dans cet article, les auteurs font l'analyse du processus empirique de la sécurisation de la frontière Canado-Américaine à travers la réflexion sur le modèle proposé par l'École de Copenhague. Nous soutenons que cette théorie de sécurisation simplifie trop le processus politique de son initiation et de l'acceptation de l'auditeur. Au lieu d'attribuer la sécurisation à un orateur, s'adressant à un public particulier, nous présentons les jeux de langage continuels effectués par plusieurs acteurs pendant la période suivant la Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) en décembre 2004, jusqu'à l'approbation de la Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) en juin 2005. Nous maintenons que plusieurs orateurs participent dans la construction continuelle du contexte dans lequel l'affaire est de plus en plus comprise dans le cadre de sécurité. Nous explorons aussi le langage employé par les participants dans le champ, observant surtout un groupe d'experts convoqué au Homeland Security Institute. Nous concluons que dans le cas de la sécurisation de la frontière Canado-Américaine il existe des incohérences entre le discours et le réel, ainsi que des distinctions significatives entre les discours officiels et bureaucratiques, mettant l'accent sur l'importance d'un modèle compréhensif de sécurisation.
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Ritchie, L. David. "Justice is blind." Metaphor and the Social World 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2011): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.1.1.08rit.
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In this article I present a model of how metaphors are transformed and re-presented as narratives, how this process helps shape communicative interactions, and how it contributes to relevance effects and the generation of meaning, often by simultaneously affecting multiple cognitive contexts. I demonstrate the application of the model to samples of discourse from current research and show how it can contribute to understanding troubled communicative relationships and potentially to improving communication in situations of misunderstanding and conflict.
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Kühnbach, Matthias, Felix Guthoff, Anke Bekk, and Ludger Eltrop. "Development of Scenarios for a Multi-Model System Analysis Based on the Example of a Cellular Energy System." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040773.
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Scenario analysis combined with system and market modelling is a well-established method to evaluate technological and societal developments and their impacts on future energy pathways. This paper presents a process-oriented method for developing consistent energy scenarios using multiple energy system models. Its added value is that the developed energy scenarios are consistent in a multi-model environment and practicable for a broader target group from scientists to practitioners. The scenarios consist of comprehensive storylines and systematically defined quantitative parameters. Following a step-by-step process, a condensed set of overlapping descriptors is generated and used to define the scenarios in a consistent parameter matrix. The set of descriptors allow consistent and comparable outputs independent of model-specific characteristics. The corresponding quantitative parameters can be used by diverse energy system tools. Using multiple models, a team of researchers can explore questions from differing points of view. In an example study, we apply the method to develop scenarios in the context of a cellular energy system. This approach enables the development of scenarios that provide a consistent basis for both stakeholder discourse and multi-model system analysis.
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Kuropjatnik, M. S. "Indigeneity in the context of globalization: epistemological and sociocultural aspects." RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-3-387-396.
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In recent decades, the “indigenization of modernity” has become one of the significant trends of the reconfiguration of landscapes of social and cultural diversity. In its contemporary meaning, the concept of indigeneity expresses the desire of indigenous peoples and various social and cultural communities, formerly marginalized within the borders of national states, to independently determine their development. From the global perspective, indigeneity is no longer associated with certain types of societies or cultural scripts of authenticity and traditional lifestyles. Indigenous actors cease to play the role of the Other in contemporary discourses and intellectual life of the West. The transition from the genealogical model of indigeneity based on the ideas of origin, kinship and cultural authenticity to the relational model allows to shift the focus from the features of the indigenous ones to the relationships between indigenous and non-indigenous actors. Indigenous peoples constitute and represent their culture taking into account public opinion, national legislation and international conventions, which leads to the fundamental transformation of the actors themselves. Their characteristics can no longer be represented only in terms of primordiality. Under globalization, the cultural patterns of indigeneity are diverse and conceptualized on the basis of new approaches to the study of the social organization of cultural diversity and models of its management. The concepts “partial relations”, “entanglement” and “intercultural relations” constitute the discourse of indigeneity, which implies recognition of multiple partial relations connecting subject and object, indigenous and non-indigenous worlds and cultural practices. Changes in the discourse of indigeneity both in social-cultural and epistemological aspects are also associated with reconfiguration of the thematic field of social anthropology.
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Cardinal, Bradley J., Kim A. Rogers, Brian Kuo, Rosalee L. Locklear, Katelyn E. Comfort, and Marita K. Cardinal. "Critical Discourse Analysis of Motivational Content in Commercially Available Exercise DVDs: Body Capital on Display or Psychological Capital Being Developed?" Sociology of Sport Journal 32, no. 4 (December 2015): 452–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0157.
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Guided by critical discourse analysis, commercially available exercise DVDs are described in terms of the instructor and model characteristics, and the motivational content being verbally conveyed by the instructors on the DVDs. Ten commercially available, contemporary, single instructor lead exercise DVDs were obtained from multiple sources. Instructor and model characteristics, emergent relationship patterns, and the motivational content of the primary instructor were analyzed. Most instructors and models were female, Caucasian, slim, and dressed in revealing attire. Motivational statements comprised 26.9% (SD = 11.31) of the transcripts. One in seven motivational statements were negative. With body capital clearly on display and some of the motivational language being suspect in terms of building potential participants’ psychological capital, the value of commercial exercise DVDs is brought into question.
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MORRIS, STEPHEN J., and ANTHONY C. W. FINKELSTEIN. "ENGINEERING VIA DISCOURSE: CONTENT STRUCTURE AS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT FOR MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENTS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 09, no. 06 (December 1999): 691–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194099000371.
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Practical problems of multimedia document production require software engineers to provide an effective framework for inter-professional work. This paper distinguishes between abstract and physical media and hence provides the basis for definitions of multiple media and multimedia and the context for reviewing content structures proven in other disciplines. Such structures can act as a guide for production and the notion of the navigable discourse structure provides the essential means for testing content design. Combining these structures in a discourse driven process model and production method facilitates both the design of content and the development of associated software in an ordered and integrated manner, thus avoiding the pitfalls of ad hoc approaches. Investigation and testing of these concepts was effected via two case studies involving the production of two multimedia demonstrations of software engineering tools.
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Moron, Francis. "Of Pongos and Men: Orangs-Outang in Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality." Review of Politics 57, no. 4 (1995): 641–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500018660.
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Rousseau's concept of human perfectibility and his suggestion that a group of anthropomorphic animals might actually be human beings in a primitive state of nature have led an increasing number of studies to cite his Discourse on Inequality for offering an early version of Darwinian evolution. I argue that a different picture emerges once we examine Rousseau's discussion against the backdrop of eighteenth-century debates on the viability of the chain of being and the possibility of multiple human species. The significance of his speculation has less to do with his special insights on human descent than with the political point to be made were it true. Rousseau uses orangs-outang like the pongo to construct a viable model for criticizing his contemporary Europe and to defend his claim that the kind of political inequalities associated with late European society do not issue from God or nature but are accidental events in the life of the species.
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Bleeker, Elli, Bram Buitendijk, and Ronald Haentjens Dekker. "Agree to disagree: Modelling co-existing scholarly perspectives on literary text." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz061.
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Abstract This essay addresses two open challenge in the domain of digital scholarly editing: (1) formally defining the meaning of markup, and (2) allowing the reuse and exchange of textual data through a distributed editorial workflow that allows the editing of texts from multiple, diverging yet co-existing perspectives. We argue that successfully addressing these issues would promote the distribution and exchange of scholarly knowledge, on a technical as well as a theoretical level. The essay introduces ongoing work on a new data model for text called ‘TAG’ (Text-as-Graph) and its reference implementation ‘Alexandria’. The essay outlines how TAG, based on a hypergraph for text, can improve the modeling of complex literary texts, and how Alexandria supports the exchange of markup files in a way that sustains scholarly discourse. We discuss three components of TAG: first, the markup technology stack allows for the formal definition of the meaning of markup (‘markup semantics’); secondly, users can add multiple layers of markup that each represent an alternative perspective on text; and finally the editorial workflow is set up in a git-like distributed version management system. As a result, the TAG model provides for the synthesis of dispersed scholarly practices and the advancement of academic discourse.
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Wilson, Francelino. "Polémica e humor: interfaces possíveis na crónica de Juma Aiuba." Redis: Revista De Estudos Do Discurso 9 (2020): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21833958/red9a7.
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In the chronicle The “Past-perfect” of life, (O “pretérito mais-que-perfeito” da vida), Juma Aiuba inscribes his speech in two isotopies, i.e. the case of hidden debts and the pandemic of the new coronavirus. This writing model proves to be challenging to discourse analysis, even because it arouses interest in understanding the author’s standard and the enunciator’s marks. In the integrated perspective of Jean-Michel Adam (2001), to the light of the multiple categories, we analyze for the purpose of helping define the standard of JA’s writing and discuss polemics and humor as “connivent” discursive categories in opinionated aspect. From the analysis, it is concluded that JA’s text is inscribed in the ‘polemic discourse’ genre, asserting itself of the polemic-humoristic argumentative modality. For this purpose, the dissent and the ‘surprise effect’ present in his textual production contribute. In this context, the author contributes to the construction of democracy and citizenship in Mozambique, using the dichotomization, negative polarity, and other dialogical categories in the construction of a discourse of social intervention.
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Ivic, Sanja. "EU Citizenship as a Mental Construct: Reconstruction of Postnational Model of Citizenship." European Review 20, no. 3 (May 2, 2012): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798711000640.
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The purpose of this paper is to revise essentialist conceptions of the European Union citizenship and European identity, and make a case for a ‘politics of affinity’. This politics is founded on flexible notion of Union citizenship that accommodates multiple identities. The ‘politics of affinity’ avoids homogenizing assumptions and unitary conceptions of European, national, regional and other identities. It promotes diversity, otherness and fluid character of the postmodern European citizenship. It also advocates a more fluid idea of boundaries. The politics of affinity grounds European politics and citizenship discourse on affinity (not identity). The following lines will reflect on the institutional mechanisms, reforms and policies needed for the implementation of the politics of affinity. This paper will focus on the Treaty of Lisbon, the 2004/38 Citizenship Directive, the 2003 Directive on Long-term Residence Third Country Nationals and some ECJ's rulings in the new millennium.
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Nagy, Dorottya, and Gé Speelman. "Conversion controlled." Theology 120, no. 5 (September 2017): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x17710200.
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This article draws on the interactions of multiple voices addressing the issue of conversion-based asylum claims in Europe. It formulates a set of theological and missiological reflections on conversion and asylum. It argues that the complex interactions among immigration services, institutionalized churches, Christian organizations and asylum seekers capture conversion as static. The article proposes moving beyond the credibility discourse, which preserves the model of conversion from one closed faith system into another, and revisiting more complex theologies of conversion theologies.
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Gazo, Dominique. "City councillors and the mission of public libraries." New Library World 112, no. 1/2 (January 11, 2011): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801111100454.
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PurposeIn Quebec, where a large majority of public libraries are municipal departments, the mission of the libraries must be defined in collaboration with city councillors and acknowledged by them. The purpose of this paper is to understand the views of city councillors in Quebec on the mission of public libraries, and to compare them to actual library practices.Design/methodology/approachThe research strategy adopted is a multiple case study. Interviews were conducted with 12 city councillors who represent their library on the city council. These interviews and the municipal cultural policies were subjected to a discourse analysis. The interviews with the directors of the public libraries and some documents were subjected to content analysis.FindingsA conceptual framework based on the theory of social construction of reality is proposed to study the discourses of city councillors in their textual dimension, to contextualise them and to analyse them in comparison with library practices.Originality/valueThere is no homogeneous view among city councillors in Quebec on the mission of public libraries. However, a model of the discourse of city councillors does emerge. It is less developed than current literature. It presents a passive image of the library in which the tradition continues, ignoring the Information Society. The analysis also revealed that the views of city councillors are based on their own convictions as individuals, on their role in the management of the municipality as elected officials, and on the image they have of the users of public libraries.
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Elsner, Micha, and Eugene Charniak. "Disentangling Chat." Computational Linguistics 36, no. 3 (September 2010): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00003.
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When multiple conversations occur simultaneously, a listener must decide which conversation each utterance is part of in order to interpret and respond to it appropriately. We refer to this task as disentanglement. We present a corpus of Internet Relay Chat dialogue in which the various conversations have been manually disentangled, and evaluate annotator reliability. We propose a graph-based clustering model for disentanglement, using lexical, timing, and discourse-based features. The model's predicted disentanglements are highly correlated with manual annotations. We conclude by discussing two extensions to the model, specificity tuning and conversation start detection, both of which are promising but do not currently yield practical improvements.
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Afzal, Tahir, Muhammad Ilyas Chishti, Atta Ur Rehman Jadoon, and Hammad Mushtaq. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS EMBEDDED IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVE." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9247.
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Purpose of the study: The subject study aims at investigating the construction of diverse ideologies embedded within English textbooks used in Pakistani settings at the elementary level. The entire study is based on a comparative analysis of English textbooks of Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) and Oxford University Press (OUP) and employs a critical discourse lens for a comprehensive analysis.
Methodology: Based on purposeful sampling, the study hinges on insights of Critical Discourse Studies. Out of various models available in CDA, the study employs Fairclough's Three-Dimensional Model for an extensive qualitative analysis of the selected texts as it is more suited to the dynamics of the subject study. Both micro and macro dimensions of the model were employed for an enriched analysis.
Main Findings: Both textbooks aimed at infusing different cultural and ideological constructions within students. Exercise of power supplemented by a specific religious perspective was also witnessed in constructions of diverse ideologies. The current study hinted at a deliberate effort on the part of the government to preserve religious, national, political, and societal ideologies through PTB English textbooks. On the other hand, OUP English textbooks created consent among the students to accept a specific culture and its embedded ideologies.
Applications of this study: The study can be a useful resource for researchers investigating multiple ideologies in textbooks. Critical discourse examination of both textbooks entails ample advice for textbook developers, authors, and syllabus designers to consider the ideological impacts of the textbooks while devising an all-encompassing and comprehensive curriculum to avoid any conflict at later stages.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Diverse dimensions of textbook analysis have already been conducted, but examination of textbooks through a critical discourse lens is indeed a novel dimension that will not only facilitate the reader but also open up new avenues of research for textbook developers and curriculum designers. Examination of diverse ideological construction is indeed an interesting inquiry.
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Repede, Elizabeth J. "Participatory Dreaming." Nursing Science Quarterly 22, no. 4 (October 2009): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318409344752.
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Dreaming is a universal phenomenon in human experience and one that carries multiple meanings in the narrative discourse across disciplines. Dreams can be collective, communal, and emancipatory, as well as individual. While individual dreaming has been extensively studied in the literature, the participatory nature of dreaming as a unitary phenomenon is limited. The concept of participatory dreaming within a unitary appreciative framework for healing is explored from perspectives in anthropology, psychology, and nursing. A participatory model of dreaming is proposed from a synthesis of the literature for use in future research using unitary appreciative inquiry.
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RAVID, DORIT, and LILIANA TOLCHINSKY. "Developing linguistic literacy: a comprehensive model." Journal of Child Language 29, no. 2 (May 2002): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005111.
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This is a position paper modelling the domain of linguistic literacy and its development through the life span. It aims to provide a framework for the analysis of language development in the school years, integrating sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic notions of variation, language awareness, and literacy in a comprehensive model. The paper focuses on those aspects of literacy competence that are expressed in language as well as aspects of linguistic knowledge that are affected by literacy competence, tracing the route that children take in appropriating linguistic literacy as part of their cognitive abilities and examining the effect of literacy on language across development. Our view of linguistic literacy consists of one defining feature: control over linguistic variation from both a user-dependent (‘lectal’) and a context-dependent (modality, genre, and register) perspective; of one concomitant process: metalanguage and its role in language development; and of one condition: familiarity with writing and written language from two aspects: written language as discourse style – the recognition that the kind of language used for writing is essentially different from the one used for speech; and written language as a notational system – the perception and growing command of the representational system that is used in the written modality. Linguistic literacy is viewed as a constituent of language knowledge characterized by the availability of multiple linguistic resources and by the ability to consciously access one's own linguistic knowledge and to view language from various perspectives.
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Schmidt Goering, Greg. "Intersecting Identities and Persuasive Speech." biblical interpretation 23, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 340–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00230a03.
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The similarities between Judah’s speech before Joseph in Genesis 44 and Esther’s series of requests before Ahasuerus in the book of Esther provide an unusual opportunity for an intersectional exploration of multiple identities as reflected in persuasive discourse. The speeches of the two figures not only contain verbal similarities but also occur at decisive moments in the narratives, when hidden identities are revealed, and they even share a set of rhetorical tactics. Each speech unfolds in a setting where the speaker’s identity is shaped by a combination of intersecting factors involving class, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and relatedness. Judah and Esther both model ways in which Jews who inhabited these intersecting categories could shape social realities in their diasporic communities despite structural constraints on their status. Subtle differences between the rhetorical strategies of the two figures provide further clues to the ways in which persuasive discourse and intersecting identities mutually influenced one another.
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Kim, Ki-tae. "Positioning and multidimensional (im)politeness in Korean Oriental medical discourse." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2011): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.21.1.03kim.
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Studies on politeness in Korean — an honorific-rich language like Japanese — have focused more on what Sohn (1995: 408) identifies as ‘normative’ (or discernment) politeness. Whilst these studies are illuminating, they have paid little attention to the ‘dynamic’ aspect of politeness. That is, they have focussed on ‘static’ or primarily dyadic interactions and have explored the speaker’s discursive intention but paid minimal attention to the addressee’s evaluation of certain utterances. The present study attempts to fill this gap by showing how multiple levels of politeness arise at ‘situational, institutional, and societal levels’ (Fairclough, 1989) in Korean institutional discourse. To this effect, it concentrates on the interaction between Korean Oriental medical doctors and their patients, which is a ‘fruitful epistemological site’ (Sunderland, 2004: 73) for the study of emerging and situated politeness in Korean. This is particularly so because in Korea traditional and Western medicine co-exist — Western medicine often being regarded as ‘dominant’ one — and consequently there is a ‘dual medical authority’ in Korean society. Employing Goffman’s (1981) ‘participation framework’ and Davies and Harré’s (1990, 1999) ‘positioning theory’, the present article demonstrates that the dual medical authority often obscures the ‘speaker’, ‘addressee’, and (im)politeness. of a speech act in patient–Oriental medical doctor interactions. An act that is apparently face-threatening at the situational level may not necessarily be face-threatening at the institutional level, where the ‘real’ addressee may be a non-present Western doctor or even Western biomedicine itself. The paper concludes that the dyadic, synchronic, and cross-sectional model of politeness on which most studies on Korean politeness rely is too simplistic and idealised. Instead, a multidimensional discursive approach to politeness should be adopted.
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Nasir, Touqir, Sonia Touqir, Sajid Pervez, and Hira Ali. "Exploring the Absurdity of War and International Aid in the Novel ‘Red Birds’ by Mohammad Hanif_ A Critical Discourse Analysis." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v2i1.42.
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Discourse is a wide-ranging term to cover many forms of human utterances and textual forms of communication. Development through multiple stages gave birth to CDA which bridges the micro-structure of linguistic choices to macro-structures of social reality. Theorists like Van Dijk, Fairclough, and Fowler contributed to its development with the foundation provided by Halliday’s SFL. The qualitative research endeavors to analyze ‘Red Birds’, a novel written by Mohammad Hanif under Huckin’s model of CDA to highlight the absurdity of war and international aid. The three dimensions of Fairclough’s model are at the background of Huckin’s model. The analysis has been carried out at three levels i.e. broad level, sentence level, and word level. A well-thought analysis reveals the nature of war in a region where there is nothing to destroy. It has also been concluded that the aid programs are nothing more than ‘making them orphan and then adopting them’ which clearly runs incongruous to the spirit of aid.
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Mushtaq, Amna, Touqir Nasir, and Aneela Sultana. "Exploring the Absurdity of War and International Aid in the Novel 'Red Birds' by Mohammad Hanif: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Global Anthropological Studies Review III, no. I (December 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2020(iii-i).01.
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Discourse is a wide-ranging term to cover many forms of human utterances and textual forms of communication. Development through multiple stages gave birth to CDA which bridges the micro-structure of linguistic choices to macro-structures of social reality. Theorists like Van Dijk, Fairclough, and Fowler contributed to its development with the foundation provided by Halliday's SFL. The qualitative research endeavors to analyze 'Red Birds', a novel written by Mohammad Hanif under Huckin's model of CDA to highlight the absurdity of war and international aid. The three dimensions of Fairclough's model are at the background of Huckin's model. The analysis has been carried out at three levels i.e. broad level, sentence level, and word level. A well-thought analysis reveals the nature of war in a region where there is nothing to destroy. It has also been concluded that the aid programs are nothing more than 'making them orphan and then adopting them' which clearly runs incongruous to the spirit of aid.
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Waqar, Sajid, Shahida Naz, and Mamuna Ghani. "Persuasion/Dissuasion on National Interest Agenda: A Semiotic Analysis of Pakistani Newspaper Cartoons." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n3p68.
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The focus of this research was depiction of and persuasion on national interest agenda through semiotics of Pakistani newspapers. It targeted a broad comparison among the semiotics as depicted in two Pakistani English newspapers i.e., Dawn and The Nation. To achieve the objectives, the study was divided into two parts: In part 1 the semiotics were analyzed and in part 2 the written part of political cartoons was analyzed. The study devised an integrated framework of analysis by blending Barthes (1957) theory of semiotics and Fairclough’s (1995) ‘three dimensional’ CDA model for interpretation and explanation of semiotics’ discourse. The study revealed the frequent use of multiple persuasion modes in political cartoons of both the newspapers’ semiotics and discourse. While comparing the two newspapers’ semiotics and discourse, the study also found that daily ‘Dawn’ semiotics played very negligible role in persuasion on national interest agenda of establishing military courts. However, ‘The Nation’ semiotics contributed positively towards national interest agenda-setting. The study recommended careful comparison between various newspapers by readership in order to know the ideological bent of newspapers while representing the facts and opinions.
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Park, Sungkyu, Sungwon Han, Jeongwook Kim, Mir Majid Molaie, Hoang Dieu Vu, Karandeep Singh, Jiyoung Han, Wonjae Lee, and Meeyoung Cha. "COVID-19 Discourse on Twitter in Four Asian Countries: Case Study of Risk Communication." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): e23272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23272.
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Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global pandemic. The World Health Organization has also declared an infodemic (ie, a plethora of information regarding COVID-19 containing both false and accurate information circulated on the internet). Hence, it has become critical to test the veracity of information shared online and analyze the evolution of discussed topics among citizens related to the pandemic. Objective This research analyzes the public discourse on COVID-19. It characterizes risk communication patterns in four Asian countries with outbreaks at varying degrees of severity: South Korea, Iran, Vietnam, and India. Methods We collected tweets on COVID-19 from four Asian countries in the early phase of the disease outbreak from January to March 2020. The data set was collected by relevant keywords in each language, as suggested by locals. We present a method to automatically extract a time–topic cohesive relationship in an unsupervised fashion based on natural language processing. The extracted topics were evaluated qualitatively based on their semantic meanings. Results This research found that each government’s official phases of the epidemic were not well aligned with the degree of public attention represented by the daily tweet counts. Inspired by the issue-attention cycle theory, the presented natural language processing model can identify meaningful transition phases in the discussed topics among citizens. The analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the tweet count and topic diversity. Conclusions This paper compares similarities and differences of pandemic-related social media discourse in Asian countries. We observed multiple prominent peaks in the daily tweet counts across all countries, indicating multiple issue-attention cycles. Our analysis identified which topics the public concentrated on; some of these topics were related to misinformation and hate speech. These findings and the ability to quickly identify key topics can empower global efforts to fight against an infodemic during a pandemic.
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Kumar, Avanish. "Citizen-centric model of governmental entrepreneurship." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-03-2018-0023.
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PurposeThe paper aims to examine a citizen-centric model of governmental entrepreneurship that transforms public service management for the empowerment of marginalized women.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a qualitative methodology to analyze the distinctive model of a rural livelihoods program in India. A fieldwork was conducted in four villages, a total of 250 women were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and eight focus-group discussions were conducted. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and discourse analysis. Finally, the findings were shared with women in the study area.FindingsThe analysis suggests that the adoption of distinct management for social welfare program results in social legitimacy and social value creation. JEEViKA illustrates that citizen-centric social entrepreneurship model is an outcome of internal and external governance mechanisms, strategy that thrusts on skills and capacity as investment, tools local women (community resource persons) as instruments and targets spatial saturation as an intervention creates political and economic participation, and that marketability promotes power over economic resources that enable freedom from servitude.Research limitations/implicationsThe model provides a direction to overcome multiple barriers to addressing poverty and marginalization.Practical implicationsPoor and government can leverage through the collaborative capacity to meet ever-evolving social needs by developing a state-society partnership in citizen-centric governmental entrepreneurship.Social implicationsThe policies to overcome large-scale marginalization can adopt citizen-centric model to create social legitimacy that furthers social value among the poor and marginalized rural women.Originality/valueThis study provides a model that illustrates government ability to transform marginalized poor as co-producers of development benefits.
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Brown-Schmidt, Sarah, and Joy E. Hanna. "Talking in another person’s shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing." Dialogue & Discourse 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2011): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2011.102.
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Language use in conversation is fundamentally incremental, and is guided by the representations that interlocutors maintain of each other’s knowledge and beliefs. While there is a consensus that interlocutors represent the perspective of others, three candidate models, a Perspective-Adjustment model, an Anticipation-Integration model, and a Constraint-Based model, make conflicting predictions about the role of perspective information during on-line language processing. Here we review psycholinguistic evidence for incrementality in language processing, and the recent methodological advance that has fostered its investigation—the use of eye-tracking in the visual world paradigm. We present visual world studies of perspective-taking, and evaluate each model's account of the data. We argue for a Constraint-Based view in which perspective is one of multiple probabilistic constraints that guide language processing decisions. Addressees combine knowledge of a speaker’s perspective with rich information from the discourse context to arrive at an interpretation of what was said. Understanding how these sources of information combine to influence interpretation requires careful consideration of how perspective representations were established, and how they are relevant to the communicative context.
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Kent, Alexandra. "Sheltered by dhamma: Reflecting on gender, security and religion in Cambodia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 42, no. 2 (May 12, 2011): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463411000014.
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This article draws upon recently-gathered anthropological and other data from Cambodia to explore how some Cambodians move beyond the constraints of social differentiation and order to access higher realms of meaning. This enables communion, security and liberation from social patterns of misrecognition. Gender is one of the primary principles of social differentiation and in recent years the relationship between gender, security and development has attracted the interest particularly of feminist scholars. Attention is often focused upon the misogynistic aspects of gender differentiation. Proponents of this kind of discourse tend not to concern themselves with how women and men may actually transcend rather than challenge gender order or with how they may commune with one another in ways that generate security. Focusing instead on the notions that are meaningful to the members of a given society may reveal some of the shortcomings of current security, development and feminist discourse. The material presented here is analysed by adapting some of the ideas that Roy Rappaport developed in his study of the ‘cognized models’ and liturgical rituals of the Maring of New Guinea. Rappaport's model helps to reveal how, by navigating multiple and overlapping levels of meaning, Cambodians may negotiate and even invert social order in ways that can be transformative, emancipatory and healing.
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Ong, Justina. "A Case Study of Classroom Discourse Analysis of Teacher’s Fronted Reading Comprehension Lessons for Vocabulary Learning Opportunities." RELC Journal 50, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688217730138.
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This study examined classroom routine and interactional patterns of Grade 5 English Language reading comprehension lessons through delineating the speech act functions of instructional discourse that was based on Malcolm’s sociolinguistic model (Malcolm, 1979a; Malcolm, 1979b; Malcolm, 1982; Malcolm, 1986). It also evaluated the classroom interaction patterns with reference to four proposed levels of vocabulary learning opportunities that could be afforded through the discourse. Using a qualitative single case study methodology, four video-recorded and transcribed lessons, together with a semi-structured interview with the teacher, classroom observations, and lesson plans formed the data for the present study. The classroom routine showed teacher’s informing, teacher’s elicitation, children’s bidding, teacher’s nomination, children’s replying, teacher’s acknowledgement, teacher’s informing and teacher’s directing and a predominant Initiation-Response-Follow-up pattern. The teacher’s discourse had focussed the learners’ attention on target vocabulary and was effective in eliciting the meanings of those words from the learners. However, most of the successful elicitations took few and short turns. A closer examination further revealed that the most prevalent teacher’s elicitation acts were checking elicitation and multiple elicitation; and that the most prevalent teacher’s acknowledgement acts were unqualified accepting or relaying, and evaluating. The types of teacher’s elicitations and acknowledgements resulted in an interaction that was devoid of dynamic negotiation of the meanings between the learners, teacher, and text.
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Piasecki, Maciej. "Self-organising Logic of Structures as a Basis for a Dependency-based Dynamic Semantics Model." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 13 (June 21, 2015): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2013.002.
Full textAbstract:
Self-organising Logic of Structures as a Basis for a Dependency-based Dynamic Semantics ModelWe present Self-organising Logic of Structures (SLS), a semantic representation language of high expressive power, which was designed for a fully compositional representation of discourse anaphora following the Dynamic Semantics paradigm. The application of SLS to the description of possible meanings of Polish multiple quantifier sentences is discussed. Special attention is paid to the phenomena of: cardinality dependency/independency of Noun Phrase quantifiers and variety of quantification. Semantic representation based on several formal operators is proposed. They can be combined in many different ways, if one takes a purely theoretical perspective. However, in the paper we show that this huge number is practically reduced in the language use and is governed by several constraints motivated by the analysis of Polish language data. The Hypothesis of Local Range of Cardinality Dependency is formulated as an alternative to representations based on quantifier rising technique. SLS provides a multi-layered language description of inter-linked representation of sever antification, reference, presupposition and anaphora.