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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple antenna'
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1
Hidayat, M. Reza, Reza Agung Permana, and Susanto Sambasri. "Konversi Antena Mimo 2x2 Frekuensi 2,4 Ghz Menjadi 5,5 Ghz Menggunakan Patch Bowtie Berbasis Dual Slot Segi Empat dan Single Slot Segitiga." TELKA - Telekomunikasi Elektronika Komputasi dan Kontrol 7, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/telka.v7n2.161-173.
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Perkembangan antena radar semakin cepat dan beragam, salah satunya adalah antena MIMO (multiple output). Antena MIMO banyak digunakan untuk teknologi 5G karena efisiensi spectral dan fekuensi yang tinggi. Antena MIMO juga merupakan suatu sistem yang menggunakan multi antena baik pengrim (Transmitter) maupun penerima (receiver) yang bisa mengatasi kelemahan pada sistem komunikasi wireless. Penelitian ini merancang sebuah antena mikrostrip MIMO 2X2 dengan menggunakan patch bowtie untuk mengkonversi frekuensi dari 2,4 GHz menjadi 5,5 GHz dengan menambahkan dual slot segiempat dan single slot segitiga. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan penambahan dual slot segiempat dan single slot segitiga pada patch antena bowtie dapat menggeser frekuensi kerja dari 2,4 GHz menjadi 5,5 GHz. Dari hasil simulasi antena MIMO 2X2 didapatkan nilai return loss S11 sebesar -46,5 dB, insertion loss S21 sebesar -25,2 dB, bandwidth sebesar 192,2 MHz, VSWR sebesar 1,00 dan gain sebesar 3,11 dBi. Hasil dari pengukuran antena MIMO menunjukkan perbedaan dari parameter antena 1 dan 2. Hal ini disebabkan adanya ketidaksamaan ukuran dari antena 1 dan antena 2. Pengukuran nilai return loss untuk antena 1 yaitu sebesar -22,32 dB dan -15,63 dB untuk antena 2. Hasil pengukuran insertion loss antena 1 dan 2 memiliki nilai yang sama yaitu -43,5 dB dan untuk lebar bandwidth memiliki perbedaan nilai yaitu 50 MHz untuk antena 1 dan 100 MHz untuk antena 2. Pengukuran nilai VSWR 1 didapatkan nilai sebesar 1,96, VSWR 2 sebesar 1,41. The development of radar antennas is getting faster and more diverse, one of which is the MIMO (multiple output) antenna. MIMO antennas are widely used for 5G technology because of their high spectral efficiency and frequency. MIMO antenna is also a system that uses multiple antennas, both transmitter and receiver which can solving the weaknesses in wireless communication systems. The research designed a 2X2 MIMO microstrip antenna using a patch bowtie to convert the frequency from 2.4 GHZ to 5.5 GHz by adding dual rectangular slots and single triangular slots. The simulation results show that the addition of dual rectangular slots and single triangular slots on the patch bowtie antenna can shift the working frequency from 2.4 GHz to 5.5 GHz. From the simulation results of MIMO 2X2 antenna, the return loss value of S11 is -46.5 dB, insertion loss S21 is -25.2 dB, bandwidth is 192.2 MHz, VSWR is 1.00 and gain is 3.11 dBi. The results of the MIMO antenna measurements show differences in the parameters of antennas 1 and 2. This is due to the difference size of antenna 1 and antenna 2. The measurement of the return loss value for antenna 1 is -22.32 dB and -15.63 dB for antenna 2 The results of the insertion loss measurements for antennas 1 and 2 have the same value, which is -43.5 dB and for the width of the bandwidth has a different value, 50 MHz for antenna 1 and 100 MHz for antenna 2. Measurement of the value of VSWR 1 obtained a value of 1.96, VSWR 2 is 1.41.
2
Dong, P. D. Si, Jennifer Scholz Dicks, and Grace Panganiban. "Distal-less and homothorax regulate multiple targets to pattern the Drosophila antenna." Development 129, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 1967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.8.1967.
Full textAbstract:
The Drosophila antenna is a highly derived appendage required for a variety of sensory functions including olfaction and audition. To investigate how this complex structure is patterned, we examine the specific functions of genes required for antenna development. The nuclear factors, Homothorax, Distal-less and Spineless, are each required for particular aspects of antennal fate. Coexpression of Homothorax, necessary for nuclear localization of its ubiquitously expressed partner Extradenticle, with Distal-less is required to establish antenna fate. Here we test which antenna patterning genes are targets of Homothorax, Distal-less and/or Spineless. We report that the antennal expression of dachshund, atonal, spalt, and cut requires Homothorax and/or Distal-less, but not Spineless. We conclude that Distal-less and Homothorax specify antenna fates via regulation of multiple genes. We also report for the first time phenotypic consequences of losing either dachshund or spalt and spalt-related from the antenna. We find that dachshund and spalt/spalt-related are essential for proper joint formation between particular antennal segments. Furthermore, the spalt/spalt-related null antennae are defective in hearing. Hearing defects are also associated with the human diseases Split Hand/Split Foot Malformation and Townes-Brocks Syndrome, which are linked to human homologs of Distal-less and spalt, respectively. We therefore propose that there are significant genetic similarities between the auditory organs of humans and flies.
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Singhwal, Sumer Singh. "Novel Flower-Shaped Multiple Input Multiple Output Dielectric Resonator Antenna." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 19, no. 1 (May 19, 2022): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amset-2022-0002.
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Abstract In modern communication systems, dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) play an important role due to its several advantages over contemporary antennas. In this paper, novel flower-shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) DRA is proposed for wireless applications in X- band. The proposed antenna with four ports displays more than -15 dB isolation between ports with defected ground technique. The antenna exhibits 7.2-7.5 GHZ impedance bandwidth and 4.66 dBi gain at 7.3 GHz. MIMO performance parameters: Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) of the proposed antenna are also studied and calculated.
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Abdullah, Mujeeb, Saad Hassan Kiani, Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Amjad Iqbal, M. A. Bashir, Shafiullah Khan, and Sunghwan Kim. "High-Performance Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna System For 5G Mobile Terminals." Electronics 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101090.
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In this paper, the systematic design of a multiple antenna system for 5G smartphone operating at 3.5 GHz for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation in smartphones is proposed. The smartphone is preferred to be lightweight, thin, and attractive, and as a result metal casings have become popular. Using conventional antennas, such as a patch antenna, Inverted-F antennas, or monopole, in proximity to metal casing leads to decreasing its total efficiency and bandwidth. Therefore, a slot antenna embedded in the metal casing can be helpful, with good performance regarding bandwidth and total efficiency. The proposed multiple antenna system adopted the unit open-end slot antenna fed by Inverted-L microstrip with tuning stub. The measured S-parameters results agree fairly with the numerical results. It attains 200 MHz bandwidth at 3.5 GHz with ports isolation of (≤−13 dB) for any two antennas of the system. The influence of the customer’s hand for the proposed multiple antenna system is also considered, and the MIMO channel capacity is computed. The maximum achievable MIMO channel capacity based on the measured result is 31.25 bps/Hz and is about 2.7 times of 2 × 2 MIMO operation.
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M, Vasujadevi, K. Akhil Teja, G. Divya, VV Sai Shanmukh, and K. R Dheeraj. "Fractal Antenna Design for Multiple Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10889.
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The sudden development in in wireless applications has leveled up the use of antennas. Multiband antennas are used to operate at different frequencies for the reliability in various applications. This paper presents design of a novel fractal antenna for multiband applications. Attributes of proposed antenna are simulated using Ansoft HFSS. Due to the homogeneous property in the design of proposed fractal receiving wire it has the various multiband applications. Proposed Antenna design consists of FR4_epoxy material with dielectric constant of 4.4, height 1.6 mm. The operating frequency is taken as 2.4GHz. The antenna is simulated. The proposed antenna resonates at different frequencies. The results are measured and return losses are compared. Here the geometry of fractal antenna is analyzed for the C band resonating at 6.2 GHz, X band resonating at 11.9 GHz and Ku band resonating at 13.8 GHz for S11<-10db.
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Dwairi, Majed Omar, Mohamed Salaheldeen Soliman, Amjad Yousef Hendi, and Ziad AL-Qadi. "The effect of changing the formation of multiple input multiple output antennas on the gain." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp531-548.
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In this paper, different 2×1 and 2×2 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas were investigated with changing substrate shapes and changing the placing of the patches on the substrate, all the investigated antennas based on FR-4 substrate are characterized by , and loss , with a partial ground. The original antenna covered 3.4 to 13.5 GHz. The best simulation results of the proposed 2×1 MIMO antenna received for 2×1 inverted with high ultra-wideband (UWB) with bandwidth up to 40 GHz, the received maximum gain was up to 6.51 dB, with an average gain of more than the original single antenna at about +1.27 dB. The best of eight 2×2 MIMO antennas configurations that give good results were shown. The best-received gain compared with a single antenna gain were at 4.2 GHz about +2.73, +1.17, and +0.92 dB for plus-shaped, loop, and chair-shaped respectively. A comparison between the proposed MIMO antennas and other reported works were done. The proposed MIMO antennas give a good maximum gain and are suitable for different narrow bands within the UWB such as wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), aeronautical radio navigation (ARN), International Telecommunication Union 8-GHz (ITU-8), and X-Band applications with the ability to give high gain without the need to increase the radiated power of the transmitter antenna.
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Wu, Chia-Hao, Jwo-Shiun Sun, and Bo-Shiun Lu. "Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1905984.
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This paper presents a compact four-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design operating within the WiFi 802.11 ac bands (5.2–5.84 GHz) for a smartwatch. The antenna is fabricated using a polyamide substrate and embedded into the strap of a smartwatch model; the strap is created using three-dimensional etching of plastic materials. The four-element MIMO antenna is formed by four monopole antennas, has a simple structure, and is connected to the system ground plane of the smartwatch. Due to the stub and notched block between two antennas and the slit in the system ground, the four-element MIMO antenna exhibits favorable isolation. Moreover, the envelope correlation coefficient of the antennas is considerably lower than 0.005 in the operating band. The measured −6 dB impedance bandwidths of the four elements of the antenna (Ant1–Ant4) with the human wrist encompass the WiFi 802.11 ac range of 5.2–5.84 GHz; moreover, an isolation of more than 20 dB is achieved. The measured antenna efficiency with and without a phantom hand are 45%–55% and 93%–97%, respectively.
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Tan, Ping, Tinaye Hamufari Tsinakwadi, Zhe Xu, and He Xu. "Sing-Ant: RFID Indoor Positioning System Using Single Antenna with Multiple Beams Based on LANDMARC Algorithm." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 6751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136751.
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RFID localization methods have been widely used in indoor positioning systems (IPS). Most localization techniques involve the use of multiple antennas and the placement of antennas and readers in order to ensure accurate positioning results. However, most localization techniques are complex and require high overhead costs in terms of needing multiple antennas and RFID readers. In this paper, we proposed a method to use a single antenna to perform all the reads and rely rather on the antenna beams to acquire multiple positioning data. A single array of antennas is configured to have multiple angles of operation and rely on different power levels as compared to regular antennas. By manipulating the beam pattern, direction and power, multiple sub-antennas can be conceived and the method utilizes antenna beams and relies mainly on one antenna to realize two-dimensional localization.
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Saini, Mehak, and Surender K. Grewal. "Transmit Antenna Selection Methods For Mimo Systems In Wireless Communications." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (August 16, 2021): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08424.
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Though MIMO systems improve performance of a wireless communication network by the usage of multiple antennas, demand of distinct set of RF chain (i.e., electronic components required for antenna transmission and reception, in wireless communication) for all the antennas leads to an increase in complexity and cost. Antenna selection technique of MIMO has proved to be a good means to solve this issue. Antenna Selection methods find optimal number of antennas required out of the total antennas present in the MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system. The selection of antenna can be performed at both ends of the communication network i.e., transmitter or receiver. In this paper, an overview of various Transmit Antenna Selection techniques for various MIMO systems is presented.
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Wang, Quanxin, Zhongxiang Shen, and Erping Li. "Modal-Expansion Analysis of Multiple Monopole Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/76930.
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The modal-expansion method is employed to analyze an array of multiple monopole antennas. A perfectly conducting plate is introduced at the top of the monopole array to facilitate the modal-expansion analysis. Expansion coefficients in the field expressions are found by enforcing continuity conditions of the tangential field components across the regional surfaces. Cylindrical function's addition theorem is employed to realize the transformation of field expressions in different coordinate systems. Numerical results for theS-parameters of a two-monopole antenna are presented and they are in good agreement with experimental ones. Also examined is the effect of the distance between two monopoles on the antenna's mutual coupling and radiation pattern. A four-monopole antenna is studied for its beam-steering capability and simulated results for its radiation properties are compared with those obtained by high frequency structure simulator (HFSS).
11
Wang, Chaowei, Weidong Wang, Cheng Wang, Shuai Wang, and Yang Yu. "A Fast Adaptive Receive Antenna Selection Method in MIMO System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/175783.
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Antenna selection has been regarded as an effective method to acquire the diversity benefits of multiple antennas while potentially reduce hardware costs. This paper focuses on receive antenna selection. According to the proportion between the numbers of total receive antennas and selected antennas and the influence of each antenna on system capacity, we propose a fast adaptive antenna selection algorithm for wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Mathematical analysis and numerical results show that our algorithm significantly reduces the computational complexity and memory requirement and achieves considerable system capacity gain compared with the optimal selection technique in the same time.
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MacWright Thomas, Charles, Huda A. Majid, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin, Samsul Haimi Dahlan, Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, and Raimi Dewan. "A Study on V-Shaped Microstrip Patch MIMO Antenna." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i3.pp606-611.
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<p>A study on the V-shaped microstrip patch antenna for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system based on the antenna orientation is performed. First the microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is calculated and simulated. Next, multiple element of antennas for MIMO system is simulated and discussed. V-shaped with 45 degree slanted inward and outward is studied. The antenna properties is analyzed and compact antenna design is determined based on the simulation results. The results shows the gap between antennas can be optimized to 1 mm while maintaining low mutual coupling. The gain of the MIMO antenna is 8.42 dBi. The simulated return losses, together with the radiation patterns, are presented and discussed.</p>
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Lee, Hoonyol, and Jihyun Moon. "Indoor Experiments of Bistatic/Multistatic GB-SAR with One-Stationary and One-Moving Antennae." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 3733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183733.
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Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) is a useful tool to simulate advanced SAR systems with its flexibility on RF system and SAR configuration. This paper reports an indoor experiment of bistatic/multistatic GB-SAR operated in Ku-band with two antennae: one antenna was stationary on the ground and the other was moving along a linear rail. Multiple bistatic GB-SAR images were taken with various stationary antenna positions, and then averaged to simulate a multistatic GB-SAR configuration composed of a moving Tx antenna along a rail and multiple stationary Rx antennae with various viewing angles. This configuration simulates the use of a spaceborne/airborne SAR system as a transmitting antenna and multiple ground-based stationary antennae as receiving antennae to obtain omni-directional scattering images. This SAR geometry with one-stationary and one-moving antennae configuration was analyzed and a time-domain SAR focusing algorithm was adjusted to this geometry. Being stationary for one antenna, the Doppler rate was analyzed to be half of the monostatic case, and the azimuth resolution was doubled. Image quality was enhanced by identifying and reducing azimuth ambiguity. By averaging multiple bistatic images from various stationary antenna positions, a multistatic GB-SAR image was achieved to have better image swath and reduced speckle noise.
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Kumari, Bibha, and Nisha Gupta. "Multifrequency Oscillator-Type Active Printed Antenna Using Chaotic Colpitts Oscillator." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2014 (November 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/675891.
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This paper presents a new concept to realize a multifrequency Oscillator-type active printed monopole antenna. The concept of period doubling route to chaos is exploited to generate the multiple frequencies. The chaotic Colpitts oscillator is integrated with the printed monopole antenna (PMA) on the same side of the substrate to realize an Oscillator-type active antenna where the PMA acts as a load and radiator to the chaotic oscillator. By changing the bias voltage of the oscillator, the antenna can be made to operate at single or multiple frequencies. To test the characteristics of the antenna at single and multiple frequencies of operation, two similar prototype models of printed monopole broadband antennas are developed. One of these antennas used at transmit side is fed by the chaotic Colpitts oscillator while the other is used as the receive antenna. It is observed that the antenna receives single or multiple frequencies simultaneously for particular values of the bias voltage of the oscillator at the transmit end.
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SANDI, EFRI, WISNU DJATMIKO, and RIZKITA KURNIA PUTRI. "Desain U-slot Ganda untuk Meningkatkan Bandwidth Antena MIMO 5G Millimeter-wave." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i1.150.
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ABSTRAK
Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan rekayasa antena mikrostrip (MSA) dengan penambahan U-slot ganda untuk meningkatkan performansi bandwidth antena mikrostrip. Penelitian sebelumnya berfokus pada penambahan U-slot tunggal dan didesain untuk frekuensi di bawah 15 GHz. Kebutuhan utama antena 5G adalah memiliki bandwidth yang lebar dan kemampuan Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan desain antena MIMO 5G dengan bandwidth yang lebih lebar pada frekuensi millimeter-wave 28 GHz sebagai kandidat utama alokasi frekuensi untuk komunikasi seluler 5G. Pada penelitian ini diajukan teknik desain antena MIMO dengan penambahan rekayasa U-slot ganda untuk meningkatkan performansi bandwidth. Hasil kalkulasi dan simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan U-slot ganda, dihasilkan peningkatan performansi bandwith sebesar 68% dibandingkan desain antena tanpa U-slot. Jika
dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian U-slot sebelumnya, penambahan U-slot ganda menghasilkan peningkatan bandwidth sebesar 76%.
Kata kunci: U-Slot ganda, antena 5G millimeter-wave, MIMO, bandwidth
ABSTRACT
In this study, a microstrip antenna (MSA) was developed with the addition of a double U-slot to improve bandwidth performance. Previous studies have focused on adding single U-slots and designed for frequencies below 15 GHz. The main requirement for 5G antennas is high bandwidth performance and multiple inputmultiple output capabilities (MIMO). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a 5G MIMO antenna with broader bandwidth at the millimeter-wave frequency 28 GHz as the primary candidate for frequency allocation for 5G cellular communication. In this study, MIMO antenna design techniques were proposed with the addition of a double U-slot method to improve bandwidth performance. The calculation and simulation results show that with the addition of a double U-slot, an increase in bandwidth performance of 68% compared to antenna designs without U-slots and 76% when compared to using a single U-slot in previous studies.
Keywords: Double U-Slot, millimeter-wave 5G antenna, MIMO, bandwidth
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KARPOVA, LESIA, and ANITA BOIKO. "INFLUENCE OF LOCATION OF ONE AND MULTIPLE ANTENNAS ON CAPACITY OF C2C COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 303, no. 6 (December 2021): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-303-6-181-185.
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Due to the variety of existing and future wireless services, the number of antennas installed on a vehicle is constantly increasing. However, due to design limitations or the addition of more components of electrical equipment, the number of user-friendly antenna positions is reduced. To ensure stable data connections or even higher data rates with the remaining installation space, a possible solution is to use multiple antenna systems. This document discusses and evaluates 16 possible positions of antennas for communication between cars (C2C). The radiation pattern of all antennas is determined by the antenna synthesis maximization method, which takes into account real-world limitations such as space availability, transmission power, number and location of antennas. Channel bandwidth is used to compare different settings. This bandwidth is calculated using virtual disks based on typical application scenarios. The results of this study show which antenna positions and which combinations of antenna positions are most suitable for communication between C2C. Additional time and cost constraints, as well as an increase in the range of products for the automotive industry and a large number of degrees of freedom for the multi-purpose antenna necessitate the use of advanced modeling models and design strategies. Thus, this is the starting point for this work. Here is presented and used a technique that allows you to optimize single and multiple antenna systems. The main purpose of the proposed synthesis is to optimize the radiation profiles of antennas based on constraints specific to vehicles. For antenna design, this document identifies different scenarios based on typical C2C security scenarios. The simulation is carried out in a typical worst case in urban and rural areas or on highways.
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Chang, Z., P. Lyu, and B. Peng. "Differentiated Reception Modes Based Multiple Access." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5328007.
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In recent years, the continuous increase in wireless data services and users’ traffic demand has been imposing great challenges on traditional multiple access control (MAC) methods. Some existing MAC techniques improve the communication system’s spectral efficiency (SE) via signal processing based cochannel interference (CCI) management. However, no interference management (IM) is free, i.e., its realization is based on the consumption of some communication resources, such as power and degree-of-freedom (DoF), which can also be used for the user’s desired data transmission. To lessen the resource cost for IM-based MAC, we exploit interactions among multiple wireless signals to propose a new MAC method, namely, Differentiated Reception Modes based Multiple Access (DRM-MA), in this paper. Under DRM-MA, a central control unit (CCU) is adopted to manage and pair multiple transmitting antennas with their serving receivers (Rxs). The CCU first calculates the phase difference of signals sent from each candidate antenna and perceived by the two receiving antennas of an Rx based on the locations of the transmitting antenna and Rx. Then, the CCU selects and pairs a proper transmitting antenna with each Rx, so that various Rxs can adopt either additive or subtractive reception mode to postprocess the signals received by its two antennas to realize in-phase desired signal construction and inverse-phase interference destruction. DRM-MA can avoid transmission performance loss incurred by signal processing-based IM. Our theoretical analysis and simulation results have shown that DRM-MA can enable concurrent data transmissions of multiple antenna-receiver pairs and output a high system’s SE.
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Choudhary, Vipin, Manoj Kumar Meshram, and Jan Hesselbarth. "Four Elements Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Dual Band Applications." International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology 07, no. 01 (2022): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32452/ijamt.2022.274282.
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Four-element reconfigurable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for dual band applications are proposed. The frequency reconfigurability of the proposed antennas is achieved by incorporation of three PIN diodes within the single element. The antenna covers multiple switchable operating bands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX)/Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications (3.4-3.6GHz, 3.8-3.86GHz, 5.18-5.27GHz, 5.35-5.5GHz and 5.67-5.8GHz). The proposed MIMO antenna consists of 2x2 elements on a single FR4 substrate.The combinations of MIMO and reconfigurable antenna provide improved performance in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) in multiple-frequency bands. The MIMO antenna system performance including the isolation, ECC, CCL, and the diversity gain (DG) are simulated and measured. High isolation (≥ 25dB) is achieved between reconfigurable MIMO antenna ports without any internal and external decoupling network. The proposed antenna has sufficient performance that makes it suitable for indoor access points (IAPs).
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Ding, Jian Jun, and Jing Jiang. "Energy-Efficient Hybrid Precoding Scheme Based on Antenna Selection Technology in Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4196513.
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Hybrid precoding is a promising technology for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It can reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) chains. However, the power consumption is still very high owing to the large-scale antenna array. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient precoding scheme based on antenna selection technology. The precoding scheme greatly increases the energy efficiency (EE) of the system. In the first step, we derive an exact closed-form expression of EE. Meanwhile, we further study the relationship between the number of transmit antennas and EE on the basis of the exact closed-form expression of EE. We prove that there exists an optimal value. When the number of transmit antennas equals to the value, the EE of the system can reach the maximum by a proper hybrid precoding scheme. Then, we propose an antenna selection algorithm to select antennas from the transmit antennas. And the number of selected antennas equals to the optimal value. Subsequently, we design the analog precoder based on a codebook to maximize the equivalent channel gain. At last, we further improve the EE by baseband digital precoding. The precoding algorithm we proposed offers a compromise between spectral efficiency (SE) and EE in millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. Finally, simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that a substantial EE gain can be obtained over the precoding scheme we proposed without large performance loss.
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Hu, Chia-Chang, Jheng-Siang Li, and Bo-Liang Wu. "Layered Capacity-Based Relay-and-Antenna Joint Selection for MIMO-AF-Multiple-Relay Systems in Correlated Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/681713.
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A computationally efficient two-stage greedy capacity maximization (GCM) relay-and-antenna joint selection is proposed for a dual-hop nonregenerative amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple-relay system with multiple antennas equipped at each node in correlated fading channels. This modified GCM (MGCM) antenna selection strategy selects a subset of antenna pairs from available relays based on the concept of channel capacity maximization subject to an optimal power allocation constraint across the activated antenna pairs. In order to reduce system hardware complexity, antenna selection schemes are performed at the destination node as well. Finally, simulations are conducted to compare the channel capacity of the proposed two-layered antenna selection technique with other existing antenna selection algorithms for half-duplex AF-MIMO multiple-relay systems.
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Bashar, Dr Abul. "Artificial Intelligence Based LTE MIMO Antenna for 5th Generation Mobile Networks." September 2020 2, no. 3 (June 13, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2020.3.002.
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Artificial intelligence based long term evolution multi in multi output antenna supporting the fifth generation mobile networks is put forth in the paper. The mechanism laid out in paper is devised using the monopole-antenna integrated with the switchable pattern. The long term evolution based multiple input and multiple output antenna is equipped with four antennas and capable of providing a four concurrent data streams quadrupling the theoretical maximum speed of data transfer allowing the base station to convey four diverse signals through four diverse transmit antennas for a single user equipment. The utilization of the long term evolution multiple input multiple output is capable of utilizing the multi-trial broadcasting to offer betterments in the signal performance as well as throughput and spectral efficiency when used along the fifth generation mobile networks. So the paper proposes the artificial intelligence based long term evolution multiple input multiple output four transmit antenna with four diverse signal transmission capacity that is operating in the frequency of 3.501 Gigahertz frequency. The laid out design is evaluated using the Multi-input Multi output signal analyzer to acquire the capacity of the passive conveyance of the various antennas with the diverse combination of patterns. The outcomes observed enables the artificial intelligence antenna to identify the choicest antenna to be integrated in the diverse environments for improving the throughput, signal performance and the data conveyance speed.
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Setiyanto, Budi, Risanuri Hidayat, and I. Wayan Mustika. "Picture-Based Multiple-AntennaTechnique for the DVB-T2 Receiver." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2017-0035.
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Abstract Deep-fading can decline the quality of the received signal to below threshold, and interrupts the reception-success (generating an outage or time-out). In DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial Second Generation) receiver, such interruption can be identified from the displayed-picture. Multiple-antenna is one of techniques to mitigate such problem. This paper presents a multiple-antenna method for receiving the DVB-T2 signal. At any time, one of antennas is selected where the selection action is controlled by the recovered-picture. In case of using two antennas, field-measurement was conducted to collect the real data, later used in the simulation of the proposed algorithm. The result showed its capability to increase the portion of cumulative reception-success duration up to approximately 1.53 times with respect to its equivalent single-antenna.
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Rudant, L., C. Delaveaud, and P. Ciais. "Compact Multiantenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/748070.
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Planar inverted-f antenna (PIFA) and notch antenna are combined within a compact 2-port MIMO antenna. Electrical and magnetic duality of the two antennas avoids a critical coupling and best performances can be expected for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. When excitation of notch antenna is optimized properly, the notch length can be short enough so that the two antennas can be colocated in a single compact volume. This compact multiantenna design is suitable for integration in MIMO handheld terminals. A prototype for broadband network application in 3.4–3.8’GHz frequency band has been characterized in anechoic chamber.
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Ou, Yang, and Yi Ming Wang. "Spectrum Sensing Optimization Based on Multiple Antennas for Cognitive Radio Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.363.
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To protect the primary user and improve the credibility of spectrum sensing, a spectrum sensing optimization algorithm based on antenna selection is proposed in this paper. In the case where the channel coefficient and signal-to-noise ratio are not known, one antenna weighting and selection algorithm based on auto-correlation is proposed. This algorithm can also be used to distinguish whether it is necessary for antennas selection so as to optimize spectrum sensing performance. Based on auto-correlation ratio, selecting parts of the antennas to cooperatively sense spectrum can maximize the detection probability. Simulations are used to verify the method. The results indicate that the proposed antenna weighting and selection algorithm can be able to optimize network performance.
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Sohel Rana, Md, Sifat Hossain, Shuvashis Biswas Rana, and Md Mostafizur Rahman. "Microstrip patch antennas for various applications: a review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1511-1519.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper aims to review microstrip antennas for various applications. The design of microstrip patch antennas is a new research field developed for use in 5th generation communication applications. An antenna is a collection of multiple devices connected together that function as a single antenna to send or receive radio waves. Antennas can be of different shapes and sizes. The microstrip patch is an antenna pattern that is light in weight, low profile, and focuses on producing results. In the future, microstrip patch antennas may be used for some 6G communication systems applications. In addition, 6G communication applications can be created on other devices, including biomedical, autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, internet of things (IoT), machine learning, Artificial Neural Network Algorithms, radar, and wireless communication. In the past, the multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) pattern was a standard geometry used in 4G wireless applications. This paper discusses the geometric structures of antennas, various analysis methods for antenna characteristics, antenna dimensions, and many different types of antennas. Also, it will discuss the previous papers' substrate materials, loss tangent, thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage-standing-wave-ratio (VSWR), gain, and directivity.</span>
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Sheriff, Nathirulla, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Hassan Tariq Chattha, and Tan Kim Geok. "Multiport Single Element Mimo Antenna Systems: A Review." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020747.
Full textAbstract:
In response to the increasing demand for voice, data, and multimedia applications, the next generation of wireless communication systems is projected to provide faster data rates and better service quality to customers. Techniques such as Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) and diversity are being studied and implemented to meet the needs of next-generation wireless communication systems. Embedding multiple antennas into the same antenna system is seen as a promising solution, which can improve both the system’s channel capacity and the communication link’s quality. However, for small handheld and portable devices, embedding many antennas into a single device in a small area and at the same time providing good isolation becomes a challenge. Hence, designing a shared antenna system with multiple feed ports with equivalent or better performance characteristics as compared to the approach of multiple antennas with multiple feed ports is a promising advantage which can reduce the size and cost of manufacturing. This paper intends to provide an in-depth review of different MIMO antenna designs with common radiators covering various antenna design aspects such as isolation techniques, gain, efficiency, envelope correlation coefficient, and size, etc. There is also a discussion of the mathematical concepts of MIMO and different isolation techniques, as well as a comparative analysis of different shared radiator antenna designs. The literature review shows that only very few antennas’ design with common radiator have been suggested in the available literature at present. Therefore, in this review paper, we have endeavored to study different antennas’ designs with common radiator. A comparison is provided of their performance improvement techniques in a holistic way so that it can lead to further develop the common radiator multiport antenna systems and realize the promising advantages they offer.
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Kumar, Sumit, and Amruta S. Dixit. "A Miniaturized CSRR Loaded 2-Element MIMO Antenna for LTE Band." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080620.
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A miniaturized 2 x 1 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented in this paper. The designed antenna contains two circular patches with Complimentary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) that are etched in the ground which has a profound effect on antenna size reduction. It also helps in the reduction of isolation between two antennas. The maximum isolation between the two antennas is -84.62 dB at 2.8 GHz. The size of an antenna becomes more compact i.e., 40 x 20 x 1.6 mm3 after incorporating CSRR. The maximum gain of the designed antenna is 5.8 dBi at 4.3 GHz and the minimum reflection coefficient is -35.15 dB at 1.63 GHz. The operating band of an antenna is wide from 1.3 GHz to 4.3 GHz which covers Bluetooth, WiMax, and LTE applications. The proposed antenna is useful for various wireless applications.
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Essid, Chaker, Chafai Abdelhamid, Faris A. Almalki, Obaid Ali, and Hedi Sakli. "New MIMO Antenna with Filtration for the Future Multiuser Systems in Satellite Communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1040333.
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This paper emphasizes the function of the split ring resonator (SRR) within the design of ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas. We presented an antenna that belongs to the category of UWB antenna with two rejected bands based on square SRR. At first, we presented a UWB antenna. This antenna is designed to operate in the band 2.3–11.5 GHz. Then, with the integration of two SRR cells, we were capable of filtering the bands 3.7–3.9 GHz and 8.7–8.9 GHz without losing the UWB characteristics outside these rejected bands. Next, to ensure the proper performance of the MIMO system, we studied the use of metamaterials in the design of MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antennas for miniaturization and antenna performance.
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Li, Jie, Shuang Zhi Li, Xiao Min Mu, and Jian Kang Zhang. "Joint Transmit Antenna Selection and User Selection in Cognitive Radio MIMO Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1355.
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Using multiple antennas in coexisting radio systems can cancel or control the co-channel interference and hence improves the overall spectrum efficiency. However, the hardware complexity and costs limit the usage of multiple-antenna technology. Antenna selection may reduce such costs while partly remaining the advantage of the multiple-antenna technology. In this paper, a fixed power cognitive radio system model jointly combined with antenna selection and users selection is set up. And the mathematical closed-form expressions of the channel capacity and bit error rate (BER) are obtained through mathematical derivation. Simulation verifies the correctness of theoretical results and shows that the system exists an optimal transmit power which optimizes the system performance. Furthermore, the influences of users number and antennas number on the system performance have been studied.
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Gnanaharan, I., and R. Anbazhagan. "Review on the Design of the Isolation Techniques for UWB-MIMO Antennas." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i4.743.
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Ultra wide band - Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna technology provides higher data rates and the combination of the ultra wide band (UWB) and the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies provides a solution for the demand of still higher data rates i.e. in excess of 3 Gb/sec in the future. As the antenna technologies are improving, the size of the MIMO antenna is growing smaller and smaller. Placing the antenna elements in such close proximity increases the coupling between them. Various isolation techniques have to be introduced between the antenna elements to decrease the coupling and to improve the isolation. A study of the various isolation enhancement techniques have been made in this review. It analyses the various isolation enhancement methods such as using orthogonal polarization, parasitic elements, varied decoupling structures, defected ground structures (DGS), neutralization line (NL) and finally by using metamaterials. Metamaterials is a technology to perk up the isolation between the antenna elements. Split ring resonator (SRR) behaves as a metamaterial and it is used as an isolation mechanism in this study. The antennas are simulated and the results are compared. The method using parasitic elements gives the highest isolation of 35 dB and it is 5 dB better than the methods using orthogonal polarization and using the decoupling structure. The performance of all the antennas satisfies the conditions for minimum isolation. The envelope correlation coefficient is nearly zero in all the antennas and it implies good diversity performance. The diversity gain is also calculated for the various antennas and it satisfies good diversity performance. The bandwidth of the antennas is in the UWB frequency range and they have a fractional bandwidth above the required value of 1.09. The capacity loss for all the antennas is very low and the antennas using defected ground structure and the decoupling structure gives very low capacity loss.
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Chu, Deming, and Anzhong Hu. "Antenna tilt optimization for multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with two tilts." Frequenz 74, no. 9-10 (September 25, 2020): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0211.
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AbstractIn this paper, we study the optimization of two tilt angles corresponding to two antenna arrays in each base station (BS) of a massive multiple-input multiple-output system. We consider two scenarios with perfect channel state information (CSI) and imperfect CSI. In the limit of the number of the BS antennas, the channel orthogonality is employed to derive the limit and the lower bound of the throughputs. By maximizing the lower bound or the limit throughput, the two antenna tilt angles are optimized. Simulation results show that the throughput performance can be improved with the designed tilt angles.
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Das, Pratibha, and Usha Kiran Kommuri. "MINIATURIZED MULTIBAND MIMO ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19640.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this paper is to design a miniaturized and multiband multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna using slotting technique whichcan be used for many devices such as cell phones and microwave radio relay. The MIMO antenna module consists of four microstrip antennas whichare arranged in two MIMO antenna pairs. Reduction in size, multi-broadband, moderation in gain, and good efficiency are obtained. The main aimis to reduce mutual coupling while optimizing the antenna size. The present work would be aimed at designing an antenna which is used mainly forwireless applications [1].
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Guo, Linyan, Ming Deng, Qisheng Zhang, Xinyue Zhang, and Zhenzhong Yuan. "Dual-Polarized On-Chip Antenna for 300 GHz Full-Duplex Communication System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2837629.
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This paper presents a novel design of compact orthogonally polarized on-chip antenna to realize 300 GHz full-duplex communication system with high isolation. It consists of a dipole antenna for horizontal polarization and a disk-loaded monopole antenna for vertical polarization. They are in good cross-polarization state with more than 90 dB of self-interference suppression and then can be used to achieve good isolation between transmitting and receiving antennas. In addition, two dual-polarized antennas have been adopted in two separated transceivers to study their isolation performance. Furthermore, this compact antenna only occupies an active area of 390 μm × 300 μm × 78 μm and can be used for multiple-input multiple-output application as well.
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Mishra, Debani Prasad, Kshirod Kumar Rout, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Compact MIMO antenna using dual-band for fifth-generation mobile communication system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp921-929.
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This paper presents the design of a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for a fifth-generation (5G) smartphone that will work in dual-band. The antenna proposed in this work operates at 2 frequency ranges, i.e., (3300-3600) MHz and (4800-5000) MHz. The antenna design consists of four antennas that are placed perpendicular to the edge of the system and this makes it different from the traditional 5G antennas. The area of each antenna on the side frames is (3.9×17 mm), and hence can be used in ultra-thin smartphones for 5G applications. The reflection coefficient obtained in the simulations is less than -6 dB for the required band, which suggests that the required impedance matching is obtained. The antenna proposed is designed by using central time zone (CST) microwave studio.
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Qian, Kun, Wen-Qin Wang, and Huaizong Shao. "Low-Complexity Transmit Antenna Selection and Beamforming for Large-Scale MIMO Communications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/159375.
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Transmit antenna selection plays an important role in large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, but optimal large-scale MIMO antenna selection is a technical challenge. Exhaustive search is often employed in antenna selection, but it cannot be efficiently implemented in large-scale MIMO communication systems due to its prohibitive high computation complexity. This paper proposes a low-complexity interactive multiple-parameter optimization method for joint transmit antenna selection and beamforming in large-scale MIMO communication systems. The objective is to jointly maximize the channel outrage capacity and signal-to-noise (SNR) performance and minimize the mean square error in transmit antenna selection and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming without exhaustive search. The effectiveness of all the proposed methods is verified by extensive simulation results. It is shown that the required antenna selection processing time of the proposed method does not increase along with the increase of selected antennas, but the computation complexity of conventional exhaustive search method will significantly increase when large-scale antennas are employed in the system. This is particularly useful in antenna selection for large-scale MIMO communication systems.
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Surducan, E., V. Surducan, D. Iancu, and J. Glossner. "Multiband Antennas for SDR Applications." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/460143.
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We present multiband antennas configurations for SDR applications. Using a composite folded dipole structure as starting point, we derived more complex antenna configurations to support multiple communication protocols for mobile application with linear and circular polarizations. Prototypes as single antenna with circular polarization, tunable single antenna with PIN diode and MIMO systems with three and four antennas, all derivatives of the same basic structure, were produced in an iterative fashion until the desired parameters were achieved. These antennas are suitable for microstrip circuit realizations and can be included in the printed circuit board (PCB) of the device, or used as stand alone. The shapes and measurement results are presented throughout the paper. From the illustrated graphs it can be seen that the stand-alone antennas exhibit positive gain for all the frequency bands of interest while the separation between antennas, for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) case, is better than 15 dB.
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Devi, Lanka Madhavi, C. Subbarao, Boppana Swathi Lakshmi, and T. Sushma. "Multiple Slot Fractal Structured Antenna for Wi-Fi and Radio Altimeter for uncertain Applications." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 14, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v14i2.5456.
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A multiple slot fractal antenna design has been determined communication efficiency and its multi-function activities. High-speed small communication devices have been required for future smart chip applications, so that researchers have been employed new and creative antenna design. Antennas are key part in communication systems, those are used to improve communication parameters like gain, efficiency, and bandwidth. Consistently, modern antennas design with high bandwidth and gain balancing is very difficult, therefore an adaptive antenna array chip design is required. In this research work a coaxial fed antenna with fractal geometry design has been implemented for Wi-Fi and Radio altimeter application. The fractal geometry has been taken with multiple numbers of slots in the radiating structure for uncertain applications. The coaxial feeding location has been selected based on the good impedance matching condition (50 Ohms). The overall dimension mentioned for antenna are approximately 50X50X1.6 mm on FR4 substrate and performance characteristic analysis is performed with change in substrate material presented in this work. Dual-band resonant frequency is being emitted by the antenna with resonance at 3.1 and 4.3 GHz for FR4 substrate material and change in the resonant bands is obtained with change in substrate. The proposed Antenna is prototyped on Anritsu VNA tool and presented the comparative analysis like VSWR 12%, reflection coefficient 9.4%,3D-Gain 6.2% and surface current 9.3% had been improved.
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Zheng, Zi Wei. "Frame Synchronization for the DTMB Systems with the Multiple-Antenna Receivers." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.434.
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Faced with the challenges of modern communication, high data throughput requirements, extensive research has been paid to broadband modulation. The multi-carrier modulation is one of the most important wide band modulation techniques. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an effective blow to the broadcast channel multipath fading and high bit rate transmission multi-carrier modulation technology of wireless channels, it is widely used in modern digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) system to support performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services with the aid of inverse fast Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform operation. Multiple-antenna transmitter and receiver technology allows several times to achieve data transmission rates and spectrum efficiency and the use of multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas through spatial processing. The Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) system with the multiple-antenna receiver is considered in this paper. Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) has three kinds of Frame Head mode with PN420/PN595/PN945 as training sequences for the time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM). At the receiver side with multiple antennas, Frame Head mode detection should be done. In this paper, the frame synchronization scheme is proposed for the DTMB systems with the multiple-antenna receiver. System performance studies under different channel situations are used to verify the efficiency of the proposed scheme for the DTMB systems with the multiple-antenna receiver.
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Zeng, Wenxin, Wei Wang, and Sameer Sonkusale. "Temperature Sensing Shape Morphing Antenna (ShMoA)." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101673.
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Devices that can morph their functions on demand provide a rich yet unexplored paradigm for the next generation of electronic devices and sensors. For example, an antenna that can morph its shape can be used to adapt communication to different wireless standards or improve wireless signal reception. We utilize temperature-sensitive shape memory alloys (SMA) to realize a shape morphing antenna (ShMoA). In the designed architecture, multiple conjoined shape memory alloy sections form the antenna. The shape morphing of this antenna is achieved through temperature control. Different temperature threshold levels are used for programming the shape. Besides its conventional use for RF applications, ShMoA can serve as a multi-level temperature sensor, analogous to thermoreceptors in an insect antenna. ShMoA essentially combines the function of temperature sensing, embedded computing for detection of threshold crossings, and radio frequency readout, all in the single construct of a shape-morphing antenna (ShMoA) without the need for any battery or peripheral electronics. The ShMoA can be employed as bio-inspired wireless temperature sensing antennae on mobile robotic flies, insects, drones and other robots. It can also be deployed as programmable antennas for multi-standard wireless communication.
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Sivaraks, Jesada, and Settapong Malisuwan. "Multiband Antenna Formed of Superimposed Compressed Loops." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.780.
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A compressed multiple band loop antenna that has multiple superimposed compressed loops. Each compressed loop is formed from numerous segments arrayed in multiple diverse directions so that the enclosed area of that loop and the overall size of the antenna are decreased. Multiple loops are arrayed and superimposed to provide multiple frequency bands of operation and are used to broaden the useful bandwidth of individual-bands. The small size of the compressed antenna facilitates its use in small mobile communications devices requiring internal antennas that operate in close proximity to conductive surfaces. Multiple loops are arrayed in several configurations that include nested and non-nested loops as well as closely located and spatially separated superimposed loops.
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Mun, Byeonggwi, Frances J. Harackiewicz, Byeongkwan Kim, Hyunho Wi, Jonghyun Lee, Myun-Joo Park, Changwon Jung, and Byungje Lee. "New Configuration of Handset MIMO Antenna for LTE 700 Band Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/850489.
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A compact handset multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for long-term evolution (LTE) 700 band (746~787 MHz) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two symmetrical PIFAs. Without the usage of any additional coupling elements between closely mounted antennas, a high isolation (>15 dB) and a low enveloped correlation coefficient (ECC<0.35) are achieved by the optimum location and arrangement of MIMO antenna elements.
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Laxman, Pillalamarri, and Anuj Jain. "Circularly Polarized Wideband Fabric Stealth Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna for Ultrawideband Applications Useful for Wireless Systems Wearable on Garments." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1426680.
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Stealth wearable wireless devices are gaining much attention in the personal security and fashion designing industry. A multiple-input multiple-output wideband circularly polarized antenna wearable on a dress (textile-related), which is immune to bending, is described in this paper, where a wearable on fabric dress application uses the MIMO techniques. It consists of two multiple-input multiple-output types of antenna elements: the resonating elements are created resembling a beautiful peacock shape and the ground plane is appropriately designed. A voltage is applied to each antenna element; the ground plane contains a microstrip transmission line-fed and a rectangular upside-down L-shaped (vertically flipped) strip used for circular polarizing. The antenna covers a 3 dB axial-ratio-band-width (ARBW) value of 5.20–7.10 GHz and impedance bandwidth (S11 less than −10 dB) of 03.60–13.0 GHz. The proposed attachable wearable fabric (textile) multiple-input multiple-output wideband antenna exhibits envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) <0.02, diversity gain (DG) >9.96, channel capacity loss (CCL) <0.2 b/s/Hz, total active reflective coefficient (TARC) <−10 dB, mean effective gain (MEG) ratio within ±0.5 dB. There is dual-sense circular polarization in this antenna and high isolation between resonating elements (higher than 18). A specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna for human tissues specimen is also discussed for different situations related to the human body. The overall size of the proposed CP textile MIMO antenna is 34 : 5 × 42 × 1 mm3. Because of its clothing layers (textile), practical performance, and miniature size, the designed MIMO antenna may be helpful for wearable on cloths on human body wireless devices and systems. The proposed antenna can be made unrecognizable because of the beautiful peacock design that can easily mix with the designs of fabric (in the fashion dress). The simulated antenna was fabricated with the help of conventional manual fabrication techniques and tested in real-time situations. The edge-to-edge distance amid the MIMO radiating antennas is 14.2 mm, and the achieved isolation is greater than 18 dB after optimization of the proposed antenna.
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F. Ismail, M., H. A. Majid, C. Macwright, M. N. A. H. Shaabani, M. S. Mohd, M. M. Zahar, F. Zubir, and M. A. Abdullah. "45 degree arrangement of compact array antenna for MIMO application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp838-844.
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A study on the compact array microstrip patch antenna for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system based on the antenna arrangement is performed. The 2.45 GHz rectangular array are arranged in 45 degree slanted inward and outward for each other to reduce the mutual coupling effect between the patches. The antenna properties are analyzed and compact antenna design is determined based on the simulation results. The results show the antennas can very compact while maintaining low mutual coupling. The gain of the MIMO antenna is 11.3 dBi. The simulated and tested return losses, together with the radiation patterns, are presented and discussed.
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Wang, Wen-Qin. "Virtual Antenna Array Analysis for MIMO Synthetic Aperture Radars." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/587276.
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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that employs multiple antennas to transmit orthogonal waveforms and multiple antennas to receive radar echoes is a recently proposed remote sensing concept. It has been shown that MIMO SAR can be used to improve remote sensing system performance. Most of the MIMO SAR research so far focused on signal/data models and corresponding signal processing algorithm. Little work related to MIMO SAR antenna analysis can be found. One of the main advantages of MIMO SAR is that the degrees of freedom can be greatly increased by the concept of virtual antenna array. In this paper, we analyze the virtual antenna array for MIMO SAR high-resolution wide-swath remote sensing applications. The one-dimensional uniform and nonuniform linear antenna arrays are investigated and their application potentials in high-resolution wide-swath remote sensing are introduced. The impacts of nonuniform spatial sampling in the virtual antenna array are analyzed, along with a multichannel filtering-based reconstruction algorithm. Conceptual system and discussions are provided. It is shown that high operation flexibility and reconfigurability can be obtained by utilizing the virtual antenna arrays provided by the MIMO SAR systems, thus enabling a satisfactory remote sensing performance.
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Das, Swarup, Debasis Mitra, and Sekhar Ranjan Bhadra Chaudhuri. "Design of UWB Planar Monopole Antennas with Etched Spiral Slot on the Patch for Multiple Band-Notched Characteristics." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2015 (October 20, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/303215.
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Three types of Ultrawideband (UWB) antennas with single, double, and triple notched bands are proposed and investigated for UWB communication applications. The proposed antennas consist of CPW fed monopole with spiral slot etched on the patch. In this paper single, double, and also triple band notches with central frequency of 3.57, 5.12, and 8.21 GHz have been generated by varying the length of a single spiral slot. The proposed antenna is low-profile and of compact size. A stable gain is obtained throughout the operation band except the three notched frequencies. The antennas have omnidirectional and stable radiation patterns across all the relevant bands. Moreover, relatively consistent group delays across the UWB frequencies are noticed for the triple notched band antenna. A prototype of the UWB antenna with triple notched bands is fabricated and the measured results of the antenna are compared with the simulated results.
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Al Ayidh, Abdulrahman, Yusuf Sambo, Sofiat Olaosebikan, Shuja Ansari, and Muhammad Ali Imran. "Antenna Selection Based on Matching Theory for Uplink Cell-Free Millimetre Wave Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems." Telecom 3, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 448–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030024.
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In this paper, we propose a hybrid beamforming architecture with constant phase shifters (CPSs) for uplink cell-free millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on exploiting antenna selection to reduce power consumption. However, current antenna selection techniques are applied for conventional massive MIMO, not cell-free massive MIMO systems. Therefore, the enormous computational complexity of these techniques to optimally select antennas for cell-free massive MIMO networks is caused by numerous randomly distributed access points (APs) in the service area and their large antennas. The architecture proposed in this work solves this issue by employing a low-complexity matching technique to obtain the optimal number of antennas, chosen based on channel magnitude and by switching off antennas that contribute more to interference power than to desired signal power for each radio frequency (RF) chain at each AP, instead of assuming all RF chains at each AP have the same number of selected antennas. Therefore, an assignment optimization problem based on a bipartite graph is formulated for cell-free mm-Wave massive MIMO system uplinks. Then, the Hungarian method is proposed to solve this problem due to its ability to solve this assignment problem in a polynomial time. Simulated results show that, despite several APs and antennas, the proposed matching approach is more energy-efficient and has lower computational complexity than state-of-the-art schemes.
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Rahman, H. M. Arifur, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, Mohammed Baz, Mehedi Masud, and Mohammed A. AlZain. "Novel Compact Design and Investigation of a Super Wideband Millimeter Wave Antenna for Body-Centric Communications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8725263.
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This paper presents a novel design for a multiple band millimeter wave antenna with a wide active region in the extremely high frequency (EHF) range. The antenna's performance was tested at three evenly separated frequencies: 60 GHz within the V-band region, 80 GHz within the E-band region, and 100 GHz. Simulation exhibits satisfactory results in terms of gain and efficiency, although the efficiency falling tendency for higher frequency persists. As millimeter wave antennas have miniature-like dimensions and low penetration depth into human body layers, the performance of these antennas is less disturbed by the presence of a human body, making them ideal for body-centric wireless communication (BCWC) applications. Thus, a human body model was created virtually with the necessary property data. Simulations are repeated at the same frequencies as before, with the antenna kept close to the constructed human body model. The results were promising as the gains found increased radiation patterns and return loss curves remained almost identical, except some efficiencies that were considered. Some H-plane radiation patterns are changed by the presence of a human body. Although all three frequencies present satisfactory results, 60 GHz is found to be more balanced, but 100 GHz shows better gain and directivity. Multiple band operability makes this antenna suitable for various applications. Finally, a distance-based analysis was conducted to realize the in-depth characteristics of the antenna by placing the antenna at five different gaps from the human body. The result verifies the antenna’s category as suitable for body-centric communications.
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Chung, Ming-An, Cheng-Wei Hsiao, Chih-Wei Yang, and Bing-Ruei Chuang. "4 × 4 MIMO Antenna System for Smart Eyewear in Wi-Fi 5G and Wi-Fi 6e Wireless Communication Applications." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232936.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a small-slot antenna system (50 mm × 9 mm × 2.7 mm) for 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) on smart glasses devices. The antenna is set on the plastic temple, and the inverted F antenna radiates through the slot in the ground plane of the sputtered copper layer outside the temple. Two symmetrical antennas and slots on the same temple and series capacitive elements enhance the isolation between the two antenna ports. When both temples are equipped with the proposed antennas, 4 × 4 MIMO transmission can be achieved. The antenna substrate is made of polycarbonate (PC), and its thickness is 2.7 mm εr=2.85, tanδ=0.0092. According to the actual measurement results, this antenna has two working frequency bands when the reflection coefficient is lower than −10dB, its working frequency bandwidth at 4.58–5.72 GHz and 6.38–7.0 GHz. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 4.3 dBi and antenna efficiency of 85.69% at 5.14 GHz. In addition, it also can obtain a peak gain of 3.3 dBi and antenna efficiency of 82.78% at 6.8 GHz. The measurement results show that this antenna has good performance, allowing future smart eyewear devices to be applied to Wi-Fi 5G (5.18–5.85 GHz) and Wi-Fi 6e (5.925–7.125 GHz).
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Zhang, Chungang, Yongjun Xie, and Legen Dai. "UWB Low-Profile Boat-Radiator Antenna (BRA) with Dual C-Shape Co-Radiative Ground for Multi-Standard Communication Networks." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 7051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247051.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple standard communication networks operate in the frequency band of 1.8–6 GHz, which makes lots of antennas available in the limited space. To solve the problem of interference and improve the performance of these antennas, an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented. It consists of a boat-radiator and a dual C-shape co-radiative ground (DCCRG). One half of the DCCRG plays a role of the ground of a co-planar waveguide fed to the proposed boat-radiator antenna (BRA), while the other half works as a multiple order L-resonant circuit to broaden the lower operating band. Uniform bidirectional radiation is presented with the size of 0.25 λ × 0.375 λ × 0.0063 λ over the frequency band of 1.7–6.3 GHz (115%). The proposed antenna achieves around twice the bandwidth (60%) of the same structured antenna without the structure acting as a multiple order L-resonant circuit. Moreover, the stable boresight gain of 3.6 dBi ± 1.25 dBi is realized over the operating band.
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Zeng, Qinghao, Yuan Yao, Shaohua Liu, Junsheng Yu, Peng Xie, and Xiaodong Chen. "Tetraband Small-Size Printed Strip MIMO Antenna for Mobile Handset Application." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/320582.
Full textAbstract:
A compact printed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for tetraband (GSM900/1800/1900/UMTS) mobile handset application is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna, which consists of two coupled-fed loop antennas with symmetrical configuration, was printed on a 120 * 60 * 0.8 mm3Fr-4 substrate of relative permittivity of 4.4, loss tangent 0.02. Each element antenna requires only a small area of 22.5 * 25 mm2on the circuit board. The edge-to-edge spacing between the two elements is only0.03λ0of 920 MHz. A slot and a dual-inverted-L-shaped ground branch were added in the ground plane to decrease the mature coupling between the antenna elements. The measured isolation of the proposed antenna is better than 15 dB among the four operating frequency bands. The simulated 3D radiation patterns at 900 MHz and 1900 MHz of both antenna elements show that two loop antennas in general cover complementary space regions with good diversity performance. Detailed antenna impedance matching performance comparisons were done to evaluate the benefit of using different decoupling technology. The envelop correlation coefficient is calculated to represent the diversity performance of the MIMO antenna.