Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multipath environment

Academic literature on the topic 'Multipath environment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Multipath environment"

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Hunegnaw, Addisu, and Felix Norman Teferle. "Evaluation of the Multipath Environment Using Electromagnetic-Absorbing Materials at Continuous GNSS Stations." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093384.

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To date, no universal modelling technique is available to mitigate the effect of site-specific multipaths in high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. Multipaths affect both carrier-phase and code/pseudorange measurements, and the errors can propagate and cause position biases. This paper presents the use of an Eccosorb AN-W-79 microwave-absorbing material mounted around a GNSS antenna that reflects less than −17 dB of normal incident energy above a frequency of 600 MHz. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the Eccosorb, we installed two close stations by continuously operating multi-GNSS (BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo and GPS) in a challenging location. One station is equipped with the Eccosorb AN-W-79, covering a square area of 3.35 m2 around the antenna, and the second station operates without it. The standard deviation reductions from single point positioning estimates are significant for all the individual GNSS solutions for the station equipped with microwave-absorbing material. The reductions are as follows: for GPS, between 15% and 23%; for Galileo, between 22% and 45%; for GLONASS, 22%; and for BeiDou, 4%. Furthermore, we assess the influence of multipaths by analysing the linear combinations of code and carrier phase measurements for various GNSS frequencies. The Galileo code multipath shows a reduction of more than 60% for the station with microwave-absorbing material. For GLONASS, particularly for the GLOM3X and GLOM1P code multipath combinations, the reduction reaches 50%, depending on the observation code types. For BeiDou, the reduction is more than 30%, and for GPS, it reaches between 20% and 40%. The Eccosorb AN-W-79 microwave-absorbing material shows convincing results in reducing the code multipath noise level. Again, using microwave-absorbing material leads to an improvement between 15% and 60% in carrier phase cycle slips. The carrier-phase multipath contents on the post-fit residuals from the processed GNSS solutions show a relative RMS reduction of 13% for Galileo and 9% for GLONASS and GPS when using the microwave-absorbing material. This study also presents power spectral contents from residual signal-to-noise ratio time series using Morlet wavelet transformation. The power spectra from the antenna with the Eccosorb AN-W-79 have the smallest magnitude, demonstrating the capacity of microwave-absorbing materials to lessen the multipath influence while not eliminating it.
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TSUCHIMOTO, Kazuhiko, Nobuaki KUBO, Takuji EBINUMA, and Akio YASUDA. "Multipath Signal Error Correction in a Dominant Multipath Environment." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 118 (2008): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.118.221.

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Sokhandan, Negin, Nesreen Ziedan, Ali Broumandan, and Gérard Lachapelle. "Context-Aware Adaptive Multipath Compensation Based on Channel Pattern Recognition for GNSS Receivers." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 5 (April 10, 2017): 944–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000121.

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The possibility of identifying the type of multipath environment and receiver motion (e.g. pedestrian, vehicular) using pattern recognition approaches based on multipath parameters is investigated. This allows the receiver to adjust its tracking strategy and optimally tune its tracking parameters to mitigate code multipath effects. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method with a modified Gaussian kernel is applied in this approach. A set of temporal and spectral features is extracted from the correlation samples of the received signals in different environments to train the classifier. The latter is then used in the structure of stochastic gradient-based adaptive multipath compensation and tracking techniques to tune the signal tracking parameters based on the environment and receiver motion. Simulation and real data measurements using Galileo E1B/C signals are performed to assess the validity of the proposed environment identification approaches and to evaluate the impact of the proposed context-based receiver parameter tuning techniques on tracking performance in multipath environments. Test results showed that the proposed classifiers have an accuracy between 86% and 92%, and the tracking performance improved by about 15%.
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Materum, Lawrence, and Antipas T. Teologo Jr. "An Improved K-Power Means Technique Using Minkowski Distance Metric and Dimension Weights for Clustering Wireless Multipaths in Indoor Channel Scenarios." Journal of Information and Communication Technology 20, No.4 (September 27, 2021): 541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jict2021.20.4.4.

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Wireless multipath clustering is an important area in channel modeling, and an accurate channel model can lead to a reliable wireless environment. Finding the best technique in clustering wireless multipath is still challenging due to the radio channels’ time-variant characteristics. Several clustering techniques have been developed that offer an improved performance but only consider one or two parameters of the multipath components. This study improved the K-PowerMeans technique by incorporating weights or loads based on the principal component analysis and utilizing the Minkowski distance metric to replace the Euclidean distance. K-PowerMeans is one of the several methods in clustering wireless propagation multipaths and has been widely studied. This improved clustering technique was applied to the indoor datasets generated from the COST 2100 channel Model and considered the multipath components’ angular domains and their delay. The Jaccard index was used to determine the new method’s accuracy performance. The results showed a significant improvement in the clustering of the developed algorithm than the standard K-PowerMeans.
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Hu, Yili, Yongbo Zhao, and Sheng Chen. "Incoherent Integration Detection Method of Airborne Phased Array Radar in a Multipath Environment." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (December 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8699512.

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Airborne phased array radar (PAR) suffers from multipath problems when flying over a calm sea surface. The existence of a multipath phenomenon will cause the electromagnetic echo of the same target to be reflected back to the airborne PAR from two paths, namely, direct path (DP) and multipath. Compared with the ground-based radar, the target echo received by airborne PAR in the multipath environment has two important characteristics: one is that the DP signal and the multipath signal exist in different range bins, and the other is that the radar cross section (RCS) in the DP direction may be smaller than that in the multipath direction. Considering these two characteristics, this paper first proposes a target pairing algorithm for matching the DP range and multipath range of the same target in signal detection, and then, combined with the cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) detection model, an incoherent integration detection method for airborne PAR in the multipath environment is proposed. In the target pairing process, the geometric structure relationship of the airborne PAR model can be fully utilized. After a successful target pairing process, the energy of the multipath signal will be incoherently accumulated into the corresponding DP range bin, so as to improve the probability of DP range bin data passing the detection threshold. In essence, the proposed method makes full use of multipath energy to improve the detection capability of airborne PAR in the multipath environment. Finally, the detection probability of the proposed method is given, and the detection performance is analyzed.
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Cuccaro, A., and R. Solimene. "Inverse Scattering in a Multipath Environment." Advanced Electromagnetics 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i2.395.

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In this contribution an inverse scattering problem is ad- dressed in a multipath environment. In particular, multipath is created by known ”extra” point-like scatterers (passive elements) expressely deployed between the scene under in- vestigation and the source/measurement domains. Through a back-projection imaging scheme, the role of the passive elements on the achievable performance is shown and com- pared to the free-space case.
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Alnaqbi, Abdulla, and Ahmed El-Rabbany. "Precise GPS Positioning with Low-Cost Single-Frequency System in Multipath Environment." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 2 (February 23, 2010): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309990373.

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Low-cost, single-frequency GPS systems provide economical positioning solutions to many geomatics applications, including GIS and low-accuracy surveying applications. Unfortunately however, the positioning accuracy obtained with those systems is not sufficient for many surveying applications. This is mainly due to the presence of ionospheric delay and multipath. In this research ionospheric delay is accounted for using regional high-resolution ionospheric maps produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The major remaining constraint and challenging problem is multipath. This is because multipath is environmentally-dependent, difficult to model mathematically and cannot be reduced through differential positioning. This research proposes a new approach to identify multipath-contaminated L1 measurements through wavelet analysis. First, the difference between the code and carrier-phase measurements is estimated, leaving essentially twice the ionospheric delay, multipath and system noise. The ionospheric delay is largely removed by using high-resolution ionospheric delay maps produced by NOAA. The remaining residuals contain mainly low-frequency multipath, if it exists, and high-frequency system noise, which are decomposed using Daubechies family wavelets (db8). A satellite signal is identified as contaminated by multipath based on the standard deviation of the low-frequency part of the residual component. The L1 measurements obtained from the satellites with the lowest multipath are used to compute the final positions using two software packages, namely Trimble Total Control (TTC) and Bernese scientific processing software. The Magellan AC12 low-cost single-frequency GPS receiver was extensively tested in static mode. It is shown that accuracies within 5 cm are routinely obtained for baselines up to 65 km under various multipath environments.
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Tiwari, Smita, Donglin Wang, Michel Fattouche, and Fadhel Ghannouchi. "A Hybrid RSS/TOA Method for 3D Positioning in an Indoor Environment." ISRN Signal Processing 2012 (March 1, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/503707.

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This paper investigates 3D positioning in an indoor line of sight (LOS) and nonline of sight (NLOS) combined environment. It is a known fact that time-of-arrival-(TOA-) based positioning outperforms other techniques in LOS environments; however, multipath in an indoor environment, especially NLOS multipath, significantly decreases the accuracy of TOA positioning. On the other hand, received-signal-strength-(RSS-) based positioning is not affected so much by NLOS multipath as long as the propagation attenuation can be correctly estimated and the multipath effects have been compensated for. Based on this fact, a hybrid weighted least square (HWLS) RSS/TOA method is proposed for target positioning in an indoor LOS/NLOS environment. The identification of LOS/NLOS path is implemented by using Nakagami distribution. An experiment is conducted in the iRadio lab, in the ICT building at the University of Calgary, in order to (i) demonstrate the availability of Nakagami distribution for the identification of LOS and NLOS path, (ii) estimate the pass loss exponent for RSS technique, and (iii) verify our proposed scheme.
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Soubielle, J., I. Fijalkow, P. Duvaut, and A. Bibaut. "GPS positioning in a multipath environment." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 50, no. 1 (2002): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.972490.

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Madurasinghe, D. "Direction finding in a multipath environment." Electronics Letters 27, no. 1 (January 3, 1991): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910039.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multipath environment"

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Pyk, Axel. "Multipath TCP : Performance in a LTE Environment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129123.

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The market penetration of mobile access devices with multiple network interfaces has increased dramatically over the last few years. As a consequence, the quest for a widespread multi-path transport protocol that takes advantage of all available interfaces simultaneously to increase data throughput and improve robustness, has received considerable attention. One prominent protocol introduced by the IETF is Multipath TCP (MPTCP). MPTCP is an extension to the predominant single-path transport protocol, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) that enables multihomed devices to aggregate available resources transparently to the applications. Combining multiple radio access technologies, like LTE and Wi-Fi, with diverse characteristics in terms of transmission rates and fluctuations opens for novel challenges that may disrupt and even harm the data throughput. Therefore MPTCP must take path heterogeneity into account. For MPTCP to supersede single-path TCP it is required that MPTCP always achieve at least the throughput of the best individual TCP path. This thesis investigates if MPTCP with uncoupled congestion control fulfills this condition, and if so, how much it improves the throughput. By examining the protocol in a deterministic emulated environment defined by the characteristics of LTE, we conclude two key factors impacting the outcome: the download size and the difference in characteristics between the paths. Our experiments show that MPTCP overall fulfills this task, especially during path homogeneity with near aggregated results. But we also show that MPTCP may decrease data throughput with 16% compared to TCP during path heterogeneity. Hence MPTCP does not always fulfill the goal of throughput. We therefore conclude further intelligence is needed for the packet scheduling mechanism to avoid throughput degradation in the initial phase of a transmission.
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Condo, Neira Edith. "Antenna Evaluation for VehicularApplications in Multipath Environment." Licentiate thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-30075.

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Antennas are essential components in any wireless communication system. To evaluate them is challenging, especially when new technologies are emerging. Future intelligent transport systems, where vehicular communications play an important role will cover important aspects such as traffic safety and traffic efficiency. These applications will be covered by technologies such as IEEE 802.11p and LTE. For these emerging technologies, traditional methods for measuring the vehicular antennas such as anechoic chamber measurements or expensive and time-consuming field measurements may not be enough or suitable. Thus a new method for evaluating the antennas performance is desirable. A method that includes the multipath environment to give an idea of the antenna performance in the whole system and at the same time be able to be applied at early stages of product development. This thesis aims to provide such method. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part contains an overview and background of important concepts needed for development of methods for evaluation of vehicular antennas. In the second part, the papers that constitute the core of this work are appended. In Paper A, we evaluate the vehicle’s antenna performance using only simulations. We start by defining the multipath environment for vehicle-tovehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) communication. Then, the V2X environment is simulated using a multipath simulation tool to evaluate the vehicle’s antennas radiation patterns placed at different positions on the vehicle. This will result in the received power cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for the voltage samples at the receiving antennas port. In Paper B, we present the design and evaluation of an antenna module for IEEE 802.11p and LTE technologies. The module is designed taking into consideration the available space and suitable placement on the vehicle. The proposed module is in accordance with the requirements for LTE and IEEE 802.11p technologies. This is validated with the analysis of the antenna efficiencies, S-parameters, radiation patterns, and diversity performance for the simulated and measured antenna module. Finally, Paper C presents a method for the evaluation of V2V antennas in a simulated measurement-based multipath environment. Here, a measurement campaign is performed to obtain the parameters (i.e., the angular received power spectrum) that define a realistic V2V multipath environment. These parameters are then introduced in a multipath simulation tool where the antennas radiation patterns are evaluated. Results are expressed in terms of received power CDFs. This method is validated by comparing the simulated and measured received power for two roof-top vehicle antennas.
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Tuncay, Orbay. "Wireless Strain Gauge System in a Multipath Environment." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222089977.

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Basciftci, Cagri Halis. "Direction Finding With Tdoa In A Multipath Land Environment." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608756/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, the problem of Angle of Arrival estimation of radar signals with Time Difference of Arrival method in an outdoor land multipath environment with limited line of sight is analyzed. A system model is proposed. Effects of system, channel and radar parameters on the Angle of Arrival estimation performance are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. Improving effect of utilization of diversity on the estimation performance is observed. Performances of the space diversity with noncoherent and selective combining are compared. Finally a realistic scenario is studied and performance of the proposed system is investigated.
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Atilaw, Tsige Yared. "Characterization of the Multipath Environment of Ionospheric Scintillation Receivers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16475.

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Includes bibliographical references
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are used to provide information on position, time and velocity all over the world at any time of the day. Currently there are four operational GNSS and one of them is GPS (Global Positioning System) that is developed and maintained by U.S Department of Defence (DoD), which is widely used and accessible all over the world. The accuracy of the output or even the availability of the navigation system depends on current space weather conditions, which can cause random fluctuations of the phase and amplitude of the received signal, called scintillation. Interference of GNSS signals that are reflected and refracted from stationary objects on the ground, with signals that travel along a direct path via the ionosphere to the antenna, cause errors in the measured amplitude and phase. These errors are known as multipath errors and can lead to cycle slip and loss of lock on the satellite or degradation in the accuracy of position determination. High elevation cut off angles used for filtering GNSS signals, usually 15-30°, can reduce non-ionospheric interference due to multipath signals coming from the horizon. Since a fixed-elevation threshold does not take into consideration the surrounding physical environment of each GPS station, it can result in a significant loss of valuable data. Alternatively, if the fixed-elevation threshold is not high enough we run the risk of including multipath data in the analysis. In this project we characterized the multipath environment of the GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC (Total Electron Content) Monitor (GISTM) receivers installed by SANSA (South African National Space Agency) at Gough Island (40:34oS and 9:88° W), Marion Island (46:87° S and 37:86° E), Hermanus (34:42° S and19:22° E) and SANAE IV (71:73° S and 2:2° W) by plotting azimuth-elevation maps of scintillation indices averaged over one year. The azimuth-elevation maps were used to identify objects that regularly scatter signals and cause high scintillation resulting from multipath effects. After identifying the multipath area from the azimuth-elevation map, an azimuth-dependent elevation threshold was developed using the MATLAB curve fitting tool. Using this method we are able to reduce the multi-path errors without losing important data. Using the azimuth-dependent elevation threshold typically gives 5 to 28% more useful data than using a 20° fixed-elevation threshold.
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Gupte, Abhishek. "Symbol Synchronization of GFSK Modulated Signals in a Multipath Environment." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605965.

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ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper investigates the performance of a symbol synchronization technique when used for bandlimited modulation formats in multipath environments. The performance was analyzed using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying as the modulation format, and assume the receiver has no channel state information The symbol synchronization algorithm calculates the minimum sample variance of eye diagrams over varying symbol rate estimates. The system performance was measured through simulations run at various signal-to-noise ratios and over a range of single-reflection multipath channels.
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La, Tosa Vincenzo. "Ultra Wideband multipath exploitation for anchor-less localization and indoor environment characterization." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S194.

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Dans le contexte générale des réseaux de capteurs, cette thèse présente des algorithmes exploitant la diversité multitrajet des signaux Ultra Large Bande reçus afin de déterminer conjointement la position des noeuds radio au sein d'une pièce et de caractériser cette dernières, sans infrastructure préalable. En accord avec une approche à complexité croissante, un scénario de plus en plus réaliste est adopté tout au long du travail (e. G. On part d'une pièce carrée avec des noeuds statiques et on termine avec une pièce rectangulaire où les noeuds sont mobiles). Les performances des algorithmes ont été évaluées par simulation numérique et permettent de conclure que l'estimation de la dimension principale de la pièce est assez fiable, alors que les coordonnées des noeuds restent affectées par une dispersion significative. Ces résultats sont d'autant plus intéressants qu'ils ont été obtenus avec des antennes existantes et, pour certains, dans le cadre du standard IEEE 802. 15. 4a
In the context of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), this thesis presents some algorithms exploiting the multipath diversity of received Impulse Radio - Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) signals for joint anchor-less localization and environment characterization, relying on standard communications. According to the stated problem, the proposed algorithms only involve Single Input Single Output (SISO) links and two communicating nodes. The multipath scenario is addressed with increasing complexity (e. G. From static nodes in a square room to mobile nodes in a rectangular room). For different algorithms, estimation performance is assessed through simulations, highlighting a globally low errors for the estimation of the main room dimension, whereas estimated nodes coordinates can be affected by a significant dispersion. These performances are all the more interesting that they are obtained considering realistic antennas and, in the last part of the work, in the frame of the IEEE 802. 15. 4a standard
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Kafaru, Olutumininu Olufolabomi. "An environment-dependent approach to wideband modelling and computer simulation of UHF mobile radio propagation in built-up areas." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253411.

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Liya, Badrun Naher. "Characterization of persistent multipath components in indoor and outdoor environment at 30 GHz." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63143.

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Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands are under active consideration for use as short-range mobile broadband links in fifth generation (5G) cellular access networks. Although channel characteristics such as path loss, delay spread and fading distributions have been extensively studied for mm-wave channels, the study of the time-varying nature of the channel is still in its early stages. In this work, we studied the lifetime of multipath components of the mm-wave channel, usually referred to as persistence. An important time-varying characteristic of the mm-wave channel, persistence may affect the capacity, and beam training and beam tracking process of mm-wave systems. We developed a 30-GHz vector-network-analyzer-based channel sounder suitable for characterizing multipath persistence and verified its performance through a three-stage verification procedure; time and frequency domain verifications, two-ray verification, and measurements conducted using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mm-wave channel sounder verification artifact. The primary goal of this work was to characterize multipath persistence based on measurements conducted at 30 GHz in indoor and outdoor urban microcell environments. Through analysis of our measurement data, we confirmed that the log-logistic distribution provides an accurate description of persistence and showed how the physical attributes of the channel influence the parameters of the distribution. We also verified that a weak correlation exists between average received power and length of the persistent path. We further showed that the rate of angular change of a multipath component throughout its lifetime follows a Laplace distribution and that the angular rate depends on the distance of reflectors from the transmitter-receiver path. We used these results to propose a simulation model that can be used to make simple ray tracing simulations more realistic and to assess the effect of persistence and variations in the angular rate on the capacity, and beam training and tracking process of mm-wave systems.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Bird, Corey D. "Investigation and suppression of multipath communication signals with applications to a marine environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23119.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Multipath environment"

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Dasilva, Carl A. An LMS array receiver operating in a multipath environment. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Kolton, Eli. Results and analysis of static and dynamic multipath in a severe atmospheric environment. [Boulder, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1986.

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Geolocation of an Audio Source in a Multipath Environment Using Time-of- Arrival. Storming Media, 2004.

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Development, Simulation and Evaluation of the IEEE 802.11a Physical Layer in a Multipath Environment. Storming Media, 2001.

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Classification of Digital Modulation Types in Multipath Environments. Storming Media, 2001.

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Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. Modeling Multiparty Competition. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.003.0001.

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This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the need for a new approach to modeling party competition. It then makes a case for the use of agent-based modeling to study multiparty competition in an evolving dynamic party system, given the analytical intractability of the decision-making environment, and the resulting need for real politicians to rely on informal decision rules. Agent-based models (ABMs) are “bottom-up” models that typically assume settings with a fairly large number of autonomous decision-making agents. Each agent uses some well-specified decision rule to choose actions, and there may be considerable diversity in the decision rules used by different agents. Given the analytical intractability of the decision-making environment, the decision rules that are specified and investigated in ABMs are typically based on adaptive learning rather than forward-looking strategic analysis, and agents are assumed to have bounded rather than perfect rationality. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
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A Hierarchical Approach to the Classification of Digital Modulation Types in Multipath Environments. Storming Media, 2001.

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Istepanian, Robert Shukri Habib. Use of microcontrollers for diver monitoring by underwater acoustic biotelemetry in multipath environments. 1994.

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David W, Rivkin, and Amirfar Catherine. Part III Public International Law Disputes, Climate Disputes, and Sustainable Development in the Energy Sector, 18 Climate Disputes and Sustainable Development in the Energy Sector: Future Directives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0018.

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This chapter addresses both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation. It makes ‘the case for international arbitration’, analyzing in particular current dispute resolution structures on carbon trading and the specific set of arbitration rules developed by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) to resolve environmental disputes. It shows how increased awareness of climate change and its effects have clearly influenced the litigation and arbitration worlds. Developing bespoke environmental arbitration rules offers a number of benefits, including transparency, procedural flexibility, access to technical experts and arbitrators with key climate change expertise, and the possibility of multiparty involvement. Such rules may be of particular benefit to parties involved in carbon credit trading systems and investment projects motivated by such systems.
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Cemgil, A. Taylan, Simon Godsill, Paul Peeling, and Nick Whiteley. Bayesian statistical methods for audio and music processing. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.25.

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This article focuses on the use of Bayesian statistical methods in audio and music processing in the context of an application to multipitch audio and determining a musical ‘score’ representation that includes pitch and time duration summary for a musical extract (the so-called ‘piano-roll’ representation of music). It first provides an overview of mainstream applications of audio signal processing, the properties of musical audio, superposition and how to address it using the Bayesian approach, and the principal challenges facing audio processing. It then considers the fundamental audio processing tasks before discussing a range of Bayesian hierarchical models involving both time and frequency domain dynamic models. It shows that Bayesian analysis is applicable in audio signal processing in real environments where acoustical conditions and sound sources are highly variable, yet audio signals possess strong statistical structure.
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Book chapters on the topic "Multipath environment"

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John, Saju P., Serin V. Simpson, and P. S. Niveditha. "Secure Environment Establishment for Multipath Routing." In International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications, 19–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2821-5_2.

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Uguen, B., F. T. Talom, and G. Chassay. "UWB Radio Link Modeling for Multipath Environment." In Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 7, 816–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_85.

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Stefański, Jacek. "Hyperbolic Position Location Estimation in the Multipath Propagation Environment." In Wireless and Mobile Networking, 232–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03841-9_21.

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Luo, Jun, Ji-wu Shu, and Wei Xue. "Design and Implementation of an Efficient Multipath for a SAN Environment." In Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications - ISPA 2005 Workshops, 101–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11576259_12.

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Ayela, Gérard, Serge Le Reste, and Bernard Bisso. "A New Self-contained, Multipath Protected Acoustic Transmission System for the Offshore Environment." In Oceanology ’88, 133–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1301-1_15.

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Fuchs, Stefan, Michael Suppa, and Olaf Hellwich. "Compensation for Multipath in ToF Camera Measurements Supported by Photometric Calibration and Environment Integration." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 31–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39402-7_4.

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Widodo, Slamet, Tomoo Shiigi, Naing Min Than, Yuichi Ogawa, and Naoshi Kondo. "Sound-Based Ranging System in Greenhouse Environment with Multipath Effect Compensation Using Artificial Neural Network." In Neural Information Processing, 156–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34478-7_20.

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Pandya, Anand, and Tanmay Pawar. "Investigation of Bypass Routing Protocol and Multipath Routing Protocol of Castalia Simulator in Underwater Environment." In ICT Systems and Sustainability, 505–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5221-0_50.

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Li, Ming-jiang, and Zhong-zhao Zhang. "A New Blind Separation Algorithm of TT&C Signals Based on ICA Algorithm in Multipath Communication Environment." In Advances in Soft Computing, 331–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03664-4_37.

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Khanore, Monica, and Srija Unnikrishnan. "A Simple and Sturdy Hybrid Interference Canceller for a DS-CDMA System in Multipath Environment for Static and Mobile Users." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 145–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2761-3_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Multipath environment"

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Spillard, C. "Application of the Prony algorithm to predictive RAKE receivers in a multipath environment." In IEE Colloquium on Multipath Countermeasures. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960758.

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Alshamali, A. M. "Performance evaluation of TETRA in hilly and urban terrain, and in a quasi-synchronous environment." In IEE Colloquium on Multipath Countermeasures. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960756.

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Chen, Xiaoming, and Wei Xue. "OAM Multiplexing in Multipath Environment." In 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nemo49486.2020.9343479.

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Wagner, Mark, Santosh Nannuru, and Peter Gerstoft. "Multipath signals in a refractive environment." In 2017 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi.2017.8074901.

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Karunaratne, B. S., B. Moran, and M. R. Morelande. "Target tracking in a multipath environment." In IET International Conference on Radar Systems (Radar 2012). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.1645.

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Kumar, Sharad, Utpal Pandey, Abhishek Bajpai, and Rajat Kumar Singh. "MIMO signal detection in multipath environment." In 2015 IEEE UP Section Conference on Electrical Computer and Electronics (UPCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upcon.2015.7456713.

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Gorbunova, Anastasia, Alexandr Denisov, Maxim Konovalyuk, Andrey Baev, and Yury Kuznetsov. "Cyclostationary Sources Localization in Wireless Multipath Environment." In 2019 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apwc.2019.8870483.

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Liu, Boda, Xu Zhu, Yufei Jiang, and Yi Huang. "Low Complexity Cooperative Positioning in Multipath Environment." In 2018 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccchina.2018.8641152.

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Ganguly, Saurav, Indranil Sarkar, Tanmoy Maity, Mainak Mukhopadhyay, Jyanta Ghosh, and Puli Kishore Kumar. "ADAPTIVE BLIND CHANNEL EQUALIZATION IN MULTIPATH ENVIRONMENT." In ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLKSON PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/etit.02.2020.23.26.

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Zielinski, A., and M. Caldera. "Digital acoustic communication in multipath underwater channels." In OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160214.

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Reports on the topic "Multipath environment"

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Vaccaro, R. J., E. Maragakis, and R. L. Field. Transient Signal Extraction in a Multipath Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230738.

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Zhou, Q., and Y. Morton. Precise GPS Signal Tracking in Interference and Multipath Environment Using a Multi-Channel Software Receiver. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559186.

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