Journal articles: 'Multimodal document understanding'

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Cho, Seongkuk, Jihoon Moon, Junhyeok Bae, Jiwon Kang, and Sangwook Lee. "A Framework for Understanding Unstructured Financial Documents Using RPA and Multimodal Approach." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040939.

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The financial business process worldwide suffers from huge dependencies upon labor and written documents, thus making it tedious and time-consuming. In order to solve this problem, traditional robotic process automation (RPA) has recently been developed into a hyper-automation solution by combining computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) methods. These solutions are capable of image analysis, such as key information extraction and document classification. However, they could improve on text-rich document images and require much training data for processing multilingual documents. This study proposes a multimodal approach-based intelligent document processing framework that combines a pre-trained deep learning model with traditional RPA used in banks to automate business processes from real-world financial document images. The proposed framework can perform classification and key information extraction on a small amount of training data and analyze multilingual documents. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, extensive experiments were conducted using Korean financial document images. The experimental results show the superiority of the multimodal approach for understanding financial documents and demonstrate that adequate labeling can improve performance by up to about 15%.

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Meskill, Carla, Jennifer Nilsen, and Alan Oliveira. "Intersections of Language, Content, and Multimodalities: Instructional Conversations in Mrs. B’s Sheltered English Biology Classroom." AERA Open 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 233285841985048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858419850488.

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The challenges inherent in mastering academic content in a new language are many. When it comes to learning science in U.S. high schools, English learners (ELs) confront these on a daily basis. In an effort to document expert language/content instructional strategies, we analyze Mrs. B’s sheltered high school biology class, made up of ELs from around the world and representing varying stages of emerging bilingualism. The aim of this 2-year case study was to detail effective teaching patterns in a high-functioning multicultural science class—a class where the myriad linguistic, cultural, and affective needs of students are expertly met—and to subsequently suggest a model for understanding and undertaking powerful language and content learning supported by multimodal referents. From a rich data set comprising class recordings, interviews, reflections from Mrs. B, course documents, student work, and survey responses emerged a model of the language/content multimodal interface for teaching ELs.

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Nugrahawati, Ana Wiyasa. "Teaching Religious Tolerance Through Critical and Evaluative Reading Course for English Language Education Students." ELE Reviews: English Language Education Reviews 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/elereviews.v3i1.6611.

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Religious tolerance is crucial for bridging a good intercultural interaction among people from different religious backgrounds. In the context of teaching, the critical and evaluative reading course is one of the courses that can facilitate students to foster their religious tolerance. This research aims to investigate the implementation of critical and evaluative reading course in building students’ religious tolerance. Taking the case at UIN Raden Mas Said, this descriptive research collected the data through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings showed that the fundamental aspects for practicing reading comprehension in critical and evaluative reading course are multimodal text materials addressing religious, cultural, and value practices and beliefs taken from various media, printed or online. The teaching strategy was reading to learn to help students build critical thinking. The students were able to perform religious tolerance understanding during the study period. It implies religious tolerance can be cultivated through reading courses using multimodal texts that can help students in their daily intercultural interaction practices.

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Halverson, Erica Rosenfeld. "Film as Identity Exploration: A Multimodal Analysis of Youth-Produced Films." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 112, no. 9 (September 2010): 2352–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811011200903.

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Background/Context Researchers have begun to document and understand the work youth do as they compose in multiple media including video games, online virtual worlds, participatory fan cultural practices, and in the digital media arts. However, we lack mechanisms for analyzing the products, especially when it comes to understanding the relationship between storytelling and identity. Objective In this article, I bring together prior research on youth-produced media, social semiotic analysis frameworks for analyzing these products and the formal analysis of films to construct an analytic framework for understanding youth-produced films as spaces for identity construction and representation. Research design The research reported on in this article is the design and illustration of an analytic framework for understanding how youth construct and represent their identities through the films they make. The framework design begins with Kress and van Leeuwen's (2006) work on the analysis of visual design as a set of semiotic resources for describing how we make meaning with multimodal texts. However, this work does little to depict how the specific tools of film both cinematic (e.g., editing, cinematography) and filmic (music, action) (Burn & Parker, 2003) are used to construct and communicate identities. Therefore, I turn to film theory to develop a coding scheme that can assist in the meaningful interpretation of the phases and transitions of youth-produced films. I then illustrate this framework in action by analyzing one youth-produced film, Rules of Engagement, as a multimodal product of identity. Conclusions/Recommendations This analysis demonstrates how films like Rules of Engagement display the construction of a viable social identity primarily through the interactions among filmic elements. Specifically it is in the transition spaces between phases of the film where youth actively insert their understanding of how to represent complex portraits of how they see themselves, how others see them, and how they fit into their communities. Analyzing the products of a rich, complex literacy practice is a critical way to make sense of how youth engage with issues of identity through the media they create. This is especially important for youth who feel marginalized in mainstream institutions and do not have opportunities to explore a positive sense of self in traditional institutional contexts. Understanding how the construction of multimodal representation supports identity development processes can help us to bring these new media literacy practices to youth who are most in need of alternative mechanisms for engaging in positive identity work.

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Troshchenkova, E. V., and E. A. Rudneva. "THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL DOCUMENT IN THE PROFESSIONAL SPHERE." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 1 (2023): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-32-42.

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The article aims at analyzing LEGAL DOCUMENT within the framework of conceptualization to create specific forms of mental representations such as scientific concepts. This specific case is used to model the formation of special knowledge and diagnose the problems that the expert community may encounter when using the classical attribute approach with binary oppositions in the content of the defined concept. We tried to show how both in written and spoken discourse lawyers fail to find common and essential features, which would unite all the elements included in the concept of LEGAL DOCUMENT and simultaneously differentiate it from documents of non-legal nature. Despite the fact that the phrase “legal document” is repeatedly mentioned in textbooks on the theory of state and law, often a self-evident expression, legal researchers admit that the concept of LEGAL DOCUMENT is difficult to define and there is a lot of controversy about it within the professional community. The study considered a) fragments of theoretical works (articles and monographs) and textbooks with explicit definitions of “legal document” and discussions of definitions by other authors, as well as other contexts of using “legal document” in scientific legal discourse and legal documents themselves; and b) oral statements of practicing lawyers on their understanding of what a “legal document” is - fragments of 5 semi-structured interviews. Cognitive-discursive and socio- and anthropolinguistic approaches were used for material analysis. Structural, lexical-semantic and conceptual analysis of the proposed definitions and quasi-definitions, as well as conversational analysis of the interviews were carried out. Individual statements were further considered in the broader context of reasoning about the problem, taking into account the general logic of argumentation development, the coherence/inconsistency of judgments both by different speakers and in the reasoning of one speaker, contradictions of examples of the formulated position, focusing/defocusing. Conversational analysis also took into account hesitation markers, prosody and extralinguistic multimodal data to reason about mental processes of the interviewees. The study shows that we seem to be dealing with an attempt to delineate with the traditional logical definition the boundaries of a scientific concept, which is based on the pre-existing and well-formed fragment of everyday knowledge, having slightly different structure and resisting such definition methods. As a concept of everyday consciousness, it would seem productive to describe the LEGAL DOCUMENT from the position of family resemblance as a fuzzy set of partially overlapping elements (without uniform feature(s), or some of them being a continuum of graded parameters). Such mental representation could be conveniently described through the idea of prototypes with good and bad examples of the category. However, the lawyers in legal discourse intermittently try to use the concept as one of everyday consciousness and a scientific formation and are not fully aware of the degree of difference. As a result, we see how logical contradictions in the professional discourse are intensified.

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Wang, Jiapeng, Chongyu Liu, Lianwen Jin, Guozhi Tang, Jiaxin Zhang, Shuaitao Zhang, Qianying Wang, Yaqiang Wu, and Mingxiang Cai. "Towards Robust Visual Information Extraction in Real World: New Dataset and Novel Solution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 2738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i4.16378.

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Visual Information Extraction (VIE) has attracted considerable attention recently owing to its various advanced applications such as document understanding, automatic marking and intelligent education. Most existing works decoupled this problem into several independent sub-tasks of text spotting (text detection and recognition) and information extraction, which completely ignored the high correlation among them during optimization. In this paper, we propose a robust Visual Information Extraction System (VIES) towards real-world scenarios, which is an unified end-to-end trainable framework for simultaneous text detection, recognition and information extraction by taking a single document image as input and outputting the structured information. Specifically, the information extraction branch collects abundant visual and semantic representations from text spotting for multimodal feature fusion and conversely, provides higher-level semantic clues to contribute to the optimization of text spotting. Moreover, regarding the shortage of public benchmarks, we construct a fully-annotated dataset called EPHOIE (https://github.com/HCIILAB/EPHOIE), which is the first Chinese benchmark for both text spotting and visual information extraction. EPHOIE consists of 1,494 images of examination paper head with complex layouts and background, including a total of 15,771 Chinese handwritten or printed text instances. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our VIES shows significant superior performance on the EPHOIE dataset and achieves a 9.01% F-score gain on the widely used SROIE dataset under the end-to-end scenario.

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Maja, Inke Choirun Nisa’ Il, and Salim Nabhan. "Literacy in EFL Classroom: In-Service English Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices from Multiliteracies Perspective." JET ADI BUANA 7, no. 02 (October 31, 2022): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jet.v7.n02.2022.7124.

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The concept of literacy has evolved significantly over the years, with the advent of new technologies and the changing needs of society. In the context of ELT, the study of literacy conceptions and practices is still under-explored. Therefore, this study aims at exploring in-service English teachers’ perceptions and practices of literacy in ELT settings from a multiliteracies perspective. This research used a qualitative case study. The data were taken from in-service English teachers from one of the state high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia through interviews, observation, and document review. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The result indicated that the in-service English teachers perceived a general conception of literacy, a skill-based conception of literacy, and literacy as social practice. In general, the English teachers lacked an understanding of the concept of literacy comprehensively and they associated literacy with skills. In addition, concerning literacy practices from a multiliteracy perspective covered the integration of multimodal in the use of media, the use of technology in teaching and learning activities, and a variety of literacy instructions. Despite some difficulties, the teachers utilized multiple modes of media and technology. This study might have implications for the understanding of the conception of literacy and teaching practices in an EFL setting.

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Liu, Susan I., Morgan Shikar, Emily Gante, Patricia Prufeta, Kaylee Ho, Philip S. Barie, Robert J. Winchell, and Jennifer I. Lee. "Improving Communication and Response to Clinical Deterioration to Increase Patient Safety in the Intensive Care Unit." Critical Care Nurse 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2022295.

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Background In the critical care setting, early recognition of clinical decompensation is imperative to trigger prompt intervention and optimize patient outcomes. Local Problem In a 20-bed surgical intensive care unit of an urban academic medical center, cases of clinical deterioration that highlighted opportunities to improve the communication process prompted a reassessment of health care provider roles and responsibilities. Methods A quality improvement initiative was implemented to enhance communication among intensive care unit clinical staff members, improve the timeliness of reporting clinical deterioration, and ensure implementation of timely, appropriate interventions to eliminate adverse outcomes. Interventions Nurses were surveyed to determine their perceptions of communication and collaboration among providers. Education was provided that focused on familiarizing nurses with clinical conditions necessitating direct notification of the attending surgical intensivist and included review of a case in which escalation of care did not occur. Multidisciplinary rounds were expanded to engage night-shift nurses in clinical discussions and decision-making. A template was created to document episodes of escalation in the electronic health record. Results Since implementation of the quality improvement interventions, no incidents of patient harm or death related to failure to escalate have occurred to date. A total of 16 episodes of escalation for clinical deterioration were documented in the electronic health record. Most nurses reported an increased level of confidence in understanding when to escalate concerns about clinical deterioration. Conclusion Implementing a multimodal program to empower nurses to escalate clinical concerns directly to the attending physician eliminated adverse events related to failure to escalate.

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Sarti, Aimee J., Stephanie Sutherland, Andrew Healey, Sonny Dhanani, Angele Landriault, Frances Fothergill-Bourbonnais, Michael Hartwick, Janice Beitel, Simon Oczkowski, and Pierre Cardinal. "A Multicenter Qualitative Investigation of the Experiences and Perspectives of Substitute Decision Makers Who Underwent Organ Donation Decisions." Progress in Transplantation 28, no. 4 (September 16, 2018): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924818800046.

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Background: Organ donation research has centered on improving donation rates rather than focusing on the experience and impact on substitute decision makers. The purpose of this study was to document donor and nondonor family experiences, as well as lasting impacts of donation. Methods: We used a qualitative exploratory design. Semistructured interviews of 27 next-of-kin decision makers were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and entered into qualitative software. We analyzed the process-based reflections using inductive coding and thematic analysis techniques. Results: Four broad and interrelated themes emerged from the data: empathetic care, information needs, donation decision, and impact and follow-up. The donation experience left lasting impacts on family members due to lingering, unanswered questions. Suggested solutions to improve the donor experience for families included providers employing multimodal communication, ensuring a proper setting for family meetings, and the presence of a support person. Discussion: We now have improved our understanding of the donation process from the perspective of and final impression from the next of kin. To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort interviewed in Canada. We have explored families’ experiences, which included but did not end with donation. We learned that despite being appreciative of nurses, physicians, and organ and tissue donation coordinators, family members were often troubled by unanswered questions. Conclusion: This study described donor and nondonor family experiences with donation as well as lasting impacts. Addressing unanswered questions should be done in a place sufficiently remote from the donation event to enhance the family members’ understanding and well-being.

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Rind, Esther, Klaus Kimpel, Christine Preiser, Falko Papenfuss, Anke Wagner, Karina Alsyte, Achim Siegel, et al. "Adjusting working conditions and evaluating the risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in different workplace settings in Germany: a study protocol for an explorative modular mixed methods approach." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e043908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043908.

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IntroductionCurrently, many countries, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, discuss how the ‘lockdown-restrictions’ could be lifted to restart the economy and public life after the first wave of the COVID-19 disease has subsided. This study protocol describes an approach designed to provide an in-depth understanding of how companies and their employees in Germany deal with their working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We are also interested in how and why the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 could vary across different professional activities, company sites and regions with different epidemiological activity or infection control measures in Germany. We expect the results of this study to contribute to the development of working conditions protecting the health of employees during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisAn explorative multimodal mixed methods approach will be applied. Module 1 comprises a document analysis of prevailing federal and regional laws and regulations at the respective location of the participating company. Module 2 includes qualitative interviews with key actors at different companies. Module 3 is a repeated standardised employee survey designed to capture potential changes in the participants’ experiences and attitudes towards working conditions, occupational safety regulations/measures, and infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Module 4 comprises SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence testing. This is carried out by the medical service of the participating company sites as a voluntary offer for employees. Qualitative data will be analysed through document and content analysis. The complexity of the quantitative analysis depends on the response rates of modules 3 and 4.Ethics and disseminationThe approval of the study design was received in June 2020 from the responsible local ethical committee of the Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen (No. 423/2020BO). The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

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Gluschankof, Claudia. "‘When the music ends it stays in the brain’: Agency and embodiment in young children’s engagements with recorded music in preschool." International Journal of Music in Early Childhood 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijmec_00013_1.

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Listening to recorded music is ubiquitous both for adults and young children. In early educational settings, it is mainly used as background music to set up a certain atmosphere, and to design specific festivity environments and celebrations. Recorded musical pieces ‐ specifically instrumental ones, as the focus of the educational activities, because of their musical characteristics ‐ are seldom used. When they are used, musical pieces are considered isolated musical objects that children have to be taught to contemplate, understand and appreciate. This study presents a less-documented and reported type of young children’s engagement with music: self-initiated and self-directed movement representations of recorded musical pieces documented by Sarit, a preschool teacher, for her educational purposes. The documents include videos of children’s choreographies, Sarit’s accounts, children’s drawings and their explanations of them. These engagements give us opportunities to study agency in listening experiences and children’s multimodal exploring, and ultimately embodied and visual representation of their musical understanding of the pieces. Children exercise agency in their engagement with the music, as they choose the music and what to do, with whom, with what and when, and in these doings, they change their preschool. In their choreographies, they embody their understanding of the music; and in their drawings, they share with us the whole process. Educators are invited to open their eyes and their ears, discovering children’s multimodal engagements with recorded music.

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Bottini, Alexander, Alex Yuan, Rishi P. Singh, Gregory Lee, Vaidehi Dedania, and Yasha S. Modi. "Multimodal Imaging of Adult-onset Coats’ Disease." American Journal of Ophthalmic Clinical Trials 2 (May 10, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajoct-1-2019.

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The majority of Coats’ disease cases are diagnosed in the first decade of life, though cases with symptom onset and first diagnosis in adulthood are well documented. While the cases diagnosed in childhood and adulthood share many of the characteristic features that define Coats’ disease, adult cases have been shown to present with less severe disease manifestations and an increased incidence of macroaneurysms with perianeurysmal hemorrhage. We present two cases of Coats’ disease diagnosed in adulthood that demonstrate prominent arteriolar macroaneurysms with perianeurysmal hemorrhages and contribute to an understanding of the adult Coats’ phenotype.

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Toldo, Irene, Diego Cecchin, Stefano Sartori, Milena Calderone, Rodica Mardari, Francesca Cattelan, Anna Maria Laverda, Paola Drigo, and Pier Antonio Battistella. "Multimodal neuroimaging in a child with sporadic hemiplegic migraine: A contribution to understanding pathogenesis." Cephalalgia 31, no. 6 (December 20, 2010): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410392068.

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Background: Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare variety of migraine with aura, characterized by motor deficits during the aura, often beginning in childhood. The hemiplegic attacks can be severe and prolonged but the prognosis is usually good. Data on neuroimaging, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and spectroscopy, during prolonged attacks of HM are quite limited, particularly in children. Case: An eight-year-old female had a prolonged attack of sporadic HM characterized by right-sided hemiplegia, global aphasia, fever and impairment of consciousness. MRI nine hours after hemiplegia onset was negative, while the following MRI scans (days 4 and 11) documented a progressive increase in cortical swelling in the left hemisphere with mild hyperintensity on DWI and mild reduction of apparent diffusion coefficient values. Proton MRI spectroscopy (MRS) (day 15) showed a decrease in the N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in the left hemisphere. 99mTc-ECD single-photon emission tomography (SPET) (day 27) showed marked left hemispheric hypoperfusion. The patient recovered completely after 40 days and neuroimaging follow-up (MRI and SPET) after six months was normal. The patient carried a missense mutation of the ATP1A2 gene. Conclusion: Multimodal neuroimaging (MRI, DWI, MRS, SPET) in a prolonged HM attack supports evidence for a primary neuronal dysfunction.

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Beucher, Becky. "Memes and Social Messages: Teaching a Critical Literacies Curriculum on DAPL." International Journal of Multicultural Education 22, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v22i3.2235.

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This article documents the design and implementation of a culturally responsive critical media literacies curriculum centered around media representations of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). Students (grades 6-8) were invited to discuss media imagery relating to DAPL and to create memes reflecting their understandings. To situate this work, we articulate a framework that blends critical media literacies and culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy. We analyze students’ spoken and multimodal responses to a curriculum that purposefully foregrounded Native perspectives and digital media. Ultimately, we argue that students must be invited to leverage their epistemic privilege in responding to contemporary social issues.

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Magnusson, Petra. "Den skönlitterära texten." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 45, no. 2-3 (January 1, 2015): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v45i2-3.9004.

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Fiction: One Method of Meaning-Making Due to developments in media technology, the textworlds of today are undergoing a series of rapid changes. The aim of this article is to suggest multimodal theory formation as a theory of meaning-making in schools, and to discuss the consequences regarding the way in which fiction is viewed in education. Meaning-making is considered a process wherein one acquires, but also changes and develops, experiences. In other words, meaning-making is regarded as a form of design. When meaning-making is considered as multimodal, nonhierarchical and ecological, this will necessarily impact our conception of fiction. The article draws on my doctoral thesis in which empirical material showed similarities in pupils’ meaning-making regardless of mode and media. Reading fiction plays a strong role in Swedish curriculum, but this role needs to be discussed and strongly problematized. Drawing on multimodal theory formation and discussions among contemporary literature scholars, the article does not support the conception of fictional literature as exclusive and special. Rather, the arguments used for fictional literature also apply to other modes of meaning-making in other media than the printed verbal text. Swedish steering documents show a lack of conceptual resources for understanding the processes of contemporary meaning-making. The article argues that the challenges presented by contemporary methods of meaning-making should be recognized in schools, and should lead to a questioning of the role of fiction in the Swedish curriculum. When using multimodal theory formation to understand contemporary communication, fiction is revealed as only one way, among others, to make meaning.

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Kjeldsen, Jens, and Aaron Hess. "Experiencing multimodal rhetoric and argumentation in political advertisements: a study of how people respond to the rhetoric of multimodal communication." Visual Communication 20, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14703572211013399.

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Research into visual and multimodal rhetoric has been dominated by social scientific and textual perspectives that may not be able to provide documented understandings of how rhetorical objects are actually experienced by an audience. In this study, the authors engage in rhetorical protocol analysis through 10 in-depth interviews asking informants to make sense of selected political advertisements in the 2020 US election campaign. They examine the types of competing sensory elements found within the campaign texts and situations, which they term ‘multimodal incongruity’ and establish two types of cognitive frameworks informants use when engaging in the political rhetoric of the commercials: personal experience and cynicism. Personal experience allowed the informants to make sense of and argue against campaign messages. Cynicism often guided participants to unpack the generic conventions of political advertising, politics more generally, and opposing partisan strategies. Both interpretive frames – but the frame of cynicism, in particular – enable participants to critically distance their reading of and emotional response to the campaign commercials. This critical distancing reveals connections between rationality and emotionality through ‘deliberative embedding’, meaning that the emotional is understood in terms of and negotiated in relation to already established cognitive frameworks of information, opinions and cynical readings of the genre. The authors conclude the essay by reflecting on their methodological and theoretical insights regarding multimodal rhetoric.

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Tyrer, Clare. "The voice, text, and the visual as semiotic companions: an analysis of the materiality and meaning potential of multimodal screen feedback." Education and Information Technologies 26, no. 4 (March 2, 2021): 4241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10455-w.

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AbstractThe gap between how learners interpret and act upon feedback has been widely documented in the research literature. What is less certain is the extent to which the modality and materiality of the feedback influence students’ and teachers’ perceptions. This article explores the semiotic potential of multimodal screen feedback to enhance written feedback. Guided by an “Inquiry Graphics” approach, situated within a semiotic theory of learning edusemiotic conceptual framework, constructions of meaning in relation to screencasting feedback were analysed to determine how and whether it could be incorporated into existing feedback practices. Semi-structured video elicitation interviews with student teachers were used to incorporate both micro and macro levels of analysis. The findings suggested that the relationship between the auditory, visual and textual elements in multimodal screen feedback enriched the feedback process, highlighting the importance of form in addition to content to aid understanding of written feedback. The constitutive role of design and material artefacts in feedback practices in initial teacher training pertinent to these findings is also discussed.

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Havnen, Randi. "Multimodal and Interactional Aspects of Sight Translation – A Critical Review." FITISPos International Journal 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/fitispos-ij.2019.6.1.206.

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Abstract: Sight translation is a method used by interpreters to translate written documents such as verdicts, medical records, and agreements, which often involve civil rights and duties, into speech.Research on sight translation generally adopts a strong monologist focus, overlooking its interactional aspects, and the dominant linguistic understanding of sight translation disguises the effects of the modal shift from writing to speech on communication. Multimodal theory considers the choice of mode to be important for meaning-making; one might choose writing for the sake of precision or speech for its interactional potential. The communicative implications of modal shifts in community interpreting settings have not been sufficiently explored. This article presents a critical review of extant research on sight translation and a discussion of the findings based on multimodal theory. Its aim is to refine the understanding of sight translation and, thereby, raise awareness of potential obstacles in communicative practices which in turn may have consequences for civil rights and participating in today’s multilingual Europe.Resumen: Los intérpretes utilizan la traducción a la vista para transformar en discurso oral documentos escritos como veredictos, historias médicas y contratos, que suelen implicar derechos y deberes civiles. En general, la investigación sobre traducción a la vista adopta un marcado enfoque monológico, y deja de lado el aspecto de la interacción. Asimismo, la perspectiva lingüística dominante oculta los efectos que entraña el cambio de modalidad comunicativa, escrita a oral, sobre la comunicación. Según la teoría multimodal, la modalidad influye en la creación de significado: la comunicación escrita favorece la precisión, mientras que la oral fomenta la interacción. Las consecuencias de los cambios de modalidad sobre la comunicación en la interpretación en contextos públicos no han recibido suficiente atención investigadora. En este artículo se presenta una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre la traducción a la vista y sus conclusiones desde la perspectiva de la teoría multimodal, con el objetivo de contribuir a su comprensión y concienciar sobre posibles obstáculos en la comunicación, que, a su vez, pueden derivar en consecuencias para los derechos civiles y la participación ciudadana en la Europa multilingüe de la actualidad.

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Pulvermüller, Friedemann. "Brain-Language Research: Where is the Progress?" Biolinguistics 4, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2010): 255–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8791.

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Recent cognitive neuroscience research improved our understanding of where, when, how, and why language circuits emerge and activate in the human brain. Where: Regions crucial for very specific linguistic processes were delineated; phonetic features and fine semantic categories could be mapped onto specific sets of cortical areas. When: Brain correlates of phonological, syntactic and semantic processes were documented early-on, suggesting language understanding in an instant (within 250ms). How: New mechanistic network models mimicking structure and function of left-perisylvian language areas suggest that multimodal action-perception circuits — rather than separate modules for action and perception — carry the processing resources for language use and understanding. Why language circuits emerge in specific areas, become active at specific early time points and are connected in specific ways is best addressed in light of neuroscience principles governing neuronal activation, correlation learning, and, critical-ly, partly predetermined structural information wired into connections between cortical neurons and areas.

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Canducci, Michele, Andrea Rocci, and Silvia Sbaragli. "The influence of multimodal textualization in the conversion of semiotic representations in Italian primary school geometry textbooks." Multimodal Communication 10, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mc-2020-0015.

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Abstract Starting from the corpus of the Swiss National Science Foundation (FNS) project Italmatica. Understanding Mathematics at school, between common language and specialized language (Italmatica. Comprendere la matematica a scuola, fra lingua comune e linguaggio specialistico), an analysis of some examples taken from geometry textbooks used in the Italian primary school is presented. The analysis is based on the application of two intertwined theoretical frameworks: Duval’s semio-cognitive approach, which addresses problems related to mathematics education, and a linguistic approach to multimodal discourse analysis inspired by Bateman. The analysis shows how certain semiotic resources used as rhetorical devices for paraphrastic reformulation (restatement) can support or hinder the semiotic conversion of representations associated with two different semiotic registers (figural and natural language) in print documents with a strong multimodality component.

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Chambre, Susan J., and Molly K. Ness. "Using Multimodal Virtual Instruction to Build Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge of Dyslexia." Excelsior: Leadership in Teaching and Learning 15, no. 1 (2023): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14305/jn.19440413.2023.15.1.04.

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Increasing awareness about screening and instructional interventions for students with dyslexia is a necessary component of P-12 teacher preparation. Disparities in reading achievement for students with disabilities, including those with dyslexia, is evidenced in lower literacy testing scores as well as lower high school graduation rates for those with documented disabilities when compared to typical developing peers. Preservice teachers, however, continue to struggle with understanding, identifying, and providing targeted literacy instruction to remediate reading challenges for students with dyslexia. Emerging data on the impact of the COVID-19 school closures on lags in student’s reading attainment, further solidifies the need for teacher preparation programs to prepare preservice teachers to implement best practices for supporting students with dyslexia. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to determine the impact of asynchronous online learning modules on preservice teacher’s knowledge of dyslexia. Results indicate that preservice teachers who learn via online sources such as podcasts, infographics, and educational games, statistically increase their knowledge of dyslexia and confidence to work with students. Recommendations for programmatic change and inclusion of online learning about dyslexia for teacher preparation programs are suggested.

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Lee, Wan Yi, and Susan Wright. "Interlocutor–child Interactions: Supporting Children's Creativity in Graphic-narrative-embodied Play." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 3 (September 2017): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.3.09.

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FOSTERING CREATIVITY IN CHILDREN'S learning is prioritised in a number of early childhood education framework documents across the world. Despite this emphasis, the educator's role in supporting children's creativity is often mitigated due to lack of understanding about the nature of creativity and how to appropriately provide support. This paper presents a practitioner-based case study of children's graphic-narrative-embodied play experiences through interlocutor–child interactions in one early childhood setting in Melbourne, Australia. The study aimed to investigate how one-to-one creative dialogues support children's drawing, talking and gesturing. Three children's graphic-narrative-embodied play and interlocutor–child interactions were video-recorded, transcribed and analysed using an interpretivist paradigm. The analysis process was guided by sociocultural theories and pre-existing frameworks on children's creative dispositions, thinking styles and creative processes in multimodal meaning-making. Key findings include conditions that favour creativity in children's graphic-narrative-embodied play and approaches to co-creating this with children.

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Stouffer, R. J., J. Yin, J. M. Gregory, K. W. Dixon, M. J. Spelman, W. Hurlin, A. J. Weaver, et al. "Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes." Journal of Climate 19, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 1365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3689.1.

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Abstract The Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) is an important part of the earth's climate system. Previous research has shown large uncertainties in simulating future changes in this critical system. The simulated THC response to idealized freshwater perturbations and the associated climate changes have been intercompared as an activity of World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Paleo-Modeling Intercomparison Project (CMIP/PMIP) committees. This intercomparison among models ranging from the earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) to the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) seeks to document and improve understanding of the causes of the wide variations in the modeled THC response. The robustness of particular simulation features has been evaluated across the model results. In response to 0.1-Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) freshwater input in the northern North Atlantic, the multimodel ensemble mean THC weakens by 30% after 100 yr. All models simulate some weakening of the THC, but no model simulates a complete shutdown of the THC. The multimodel ensemble indicates that the surface air temperature could present a complex anomaly pattern with cooling south of Greenland and warming over the Barents and Nordic Seas. The Atlantic ITCZ tends to shift southward. In response to 1.0-Sv freshwater input, the THC switches off rapidly in all model simulations. A large cooling occurs over the North Atlantic. The annual mean Atlantic ITCZ moves into the Southern Hemisphere. Models disagree in terms of the reversibility of the THC after its shutdown. In general, the EMICs and AOGCMs obtain similar THC responses and climate changes with more pronounced and sharper patterns in the AOGCMs.

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Norledge, Jessica. "Building The Ark: Text World Theory and the evolution of dystopian epistolary." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 29, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947019898379.

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Told through a series of interrelated documents (including emails, text messages, newspaper clippings and blog posts), Annabel Smith’s interactive digital novel The Ark epitomises the contemporary hybridity of the dystopian genre. Designed to be fully immersive, the story can be engaged with across media, enabling readers to ‘dive deeper into the world of the novel’ and challenge how they experience dystopian texts. Taking a Text World Theory perspective, I examine the implications of this challenge, investigating the impact of transmedial storytelling on world-building and exploring the creative evolution of dystopian epistolary more broadly. In analysing both the ebook element of The Ark and certain facets of its companion pieces (which take the form of a dynamic website and a smartphone app), I investigate the creation of the novel’s text-worlds, considering the process of multimodal meaning construction, examining the conceptual intricacies of the epistolary form and exploring the influence of paratextual matter on world-building and construal. In doing so, I offer new insights into the conceptualisation of ‘empty text-worlds’, extend Gibbons’ discussions of transmedial world-creation and argue for a more nuanced understanding of dystopian epistolary as framed within Text World Theory.

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Liadis, Nicole, Tyler M. Earnest, Eduardo Braun, Anu K. Antony, Micahel J. Hallock, The SimBioSys Team, and Daniel Cook. "Using a multimodal approach to elucidate racial disparities in breast cancer biology by integrating tumor imaging and -omics data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e12541-e12541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e12541.

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e12541 Background: Race-related differences in breast cancer incidence and clinical outcome have been well documented, with many studies focusing on socioeconomic determinants contributing to African American (AA) breast cancer patients having higher mortality rates. Far less is understood about the underlying biological differences in tumors between AA and Caucasian patients. In recent years, there have been more and more individual accounts identifying specific somatic mutations or observed breast tumor behaviors associated with racial disparities in breast cancer. Understanding how these specific observations coincide to give rise to alternative tumor biology in AA women, remains a challenge. Given the multifactorial nature of cancer, we have developed a platform that integrates the combinatorial phenotypic, molecular, and biological hallmarks of cancer. Our technology combines imaging and multi-omics data, providing a systematic approach for understanding race-specific biological differences and how they contribute to patient survival. Methods: Imaging and transcriptomic data from 1108 patients were integrated within the SimBioSys TumoScope biophysical modeling software to understand racial differences in tumor biology, coordinated tumor behavior, and corresponding patient outcome. Results: AA patients have tumors that display higher growth rates, characteristically have higher adipose tissue around the tumor, higher spatial variation in drug/ nutrient delivery, and increased tumor stiffness. We also identified biological features, including tumor/gland density and intertumoral heterogeneity that are prognostic for overall survival even when accounting for race and cancer subtype. Conclusions: Our results outline characteristic biological features that along with race and FDA breast cancer subtype may promote the disproportionately poor survival rates observed in AA breast cancer patients. This is the first study demonstrating a systematic approach being used to elucidate race-specific biological difference that may coordinate to impact patient survival. Our findings emphasize the importance of accounting for racial disparities and patient-specific biology to develop tailored intervention strategies and personalize race-specific clinical management of breast cancer.

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Mussa, Ali, Hafeez Abiola Afolabi, Nazmul Huda Syed, Mustafa Talib, Ahmad Hafiz Murtadha, Khalid Hajissa, Noor Fatmawati Mokhtar, Rohimah Mohamud, and Rosline Hassan. "The NF-κB Transcriptional Network Is a High-Dose Vitamin C-Targetable Vulnerability in Breast Cancer." Biomedicines 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2023): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041060.

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Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type among women with a distinct clinical presentation, but the survival rate remains moderate despite advances in multimodal therapy. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the molecular etiology is required for the development of more effective treatments for BC. The relationship between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well established, and the activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is frequently identified in BC. Constitutive NF-κB activation is linked to cell survival, metastasis, proliferation, and hormonal, chemo-, and radiotherapy resistance. Moreover, the crosstalk between NF-κB and other transcription factors is well documented. It is reported that vitamin C plays a key role in preventing and treating a number of pathological conditions, including cancer, when administered at remarkably high doses. Indeed, vitamin C can regulate the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting specific NF-κB-dependent genes and multiple stimuli. In this review, we examine the various NF-κB impacts on BC development. We also provide some insight into how the NF-κB network may be targeted as a potential vulnerability by using natural pro-oxidant therapies such as vitamin C.

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Bettonagli, V., M. Paolini, M. Palladini, M. G. Mazza, P. Rovere Guerini, S. Poletti, and F. Benedetti. "Brain correlates of perceived cognitive impairment after covid-19 infection: a multimodal MRI study." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.319.

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IntroductionMany different long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of the novel Coronavirus have been described after the pandemic outbreak. One of the most common symptoms in the months following infection is related to “brain fog”. This condition includes several signs of cognitive impairment like mental slowness, deficits in attention, executive functions, processing, memory, learning, and/or psychomotor coordination, which can be perceived on a subjective level and further confirmed by objective data. Since this kind of mental status has been documented in previous viral infections, and the SARS-COV-2 has been characterized by a worldwide diffusion, investigation into this condition in post-covid individuals is warranted. Currently, several hypotheses on its pathophysiology have been put forward, mostly hypothesizing a direct effect of the virus on the central nervous system or indirect consequences of the inflammatory response.ObjectivesThe aim of our research is to analyze brain correlates of subjective cognitive complaints in Covid-19 survivors using multimodal brain imaging.MethodsWe performed a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and a resting state functional connectivity analysis on 60 post-COVID-19 individuals recruited from the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, that underwent a 3 tesla MRI scan. We assessed the perceived cognitive impairment both after the infection and at the time of the MRI scan through the PROMIS Cognitive Abilities scale. The difference of the two scores (delta PROMIS) was calculated as a measure of cognitive improvement over time.ResultsWe found the perceived amelioration of cognitive abilities (delta PROMIS) to be positively associated to grey matter volumes in the bilateral caudate, putamen and pallidum (pFWE: ˂0.001). Moreover, in the resting state fMRI analysis, subjective cognitive status at MRI was found to be associated with functional connectivity between the right putamen and pallidum, and two clusters belonging to the attentional (pFWE: ˂0.001) and salience (pFWE: 0.02) networks.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies investigating brain correlates of subjective cognitive impairment after COVID-19 infection; our main finding is the convergence of structural and functional results on brain areas located within the basal ganglia, implying their possible role in the pathophysiology of the condition. Moreover, this research could be interpreted as the first step toward understanding a very complex condition, with potential implications for the development of treatment and neurorehabilitative strategies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

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Dixon, Ross D., Anne Sophie Daloz, Daniel J. Vimont, and Michela Biasutti. "Saharan Heat Low Biases in CMIP5 Models." Journal of Climate 30, no. 8 (April 2017): 2867–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0134.1.

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Representing the West African monsoon (WAM) is a major challenge in climate modeling because of the complex interaction between local and large-scale mechanisms. This study focuses on the representation of a key aspect of West African climate, namely the Saharan heat low (SHL), in 22 global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel dataset. Comparison of the CMIP5 simulations with reanalyses shows large biases in the strength and location of the mean SHL. CMIP5 models tend to develop weaker climatological heat lows than the reanalyses and place them too far southwest. Models that place the climatological heat low farther to the north produce more mean precipitation across the Sahel, while models that place the heat low farther to the east produce stronger African easterly wave (AEW) activity. These mean-state biases are seen in model ensembles with both coupled and fixed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The importance of SSTs on West African climate variability is well documented, but this research suggests SSTs are secondary to atmospheric biases for understanding the climatological SHL bias. SHL biases are correlated across the models to local radiative terms, large-scale tropical precipitation, and large-scale pressure and wind across the Atlantic, suggesting that local mechanisms that control the SHL may be connected to climate model biases at a much larger scale.

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Mio, Kazuhiro, Tatsunari Ohkubo, Daisuke Sasaki, Tatsuya Arai, Mayui Sugiura, Shoko Fujimura, Shunsuke Nozawa, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Masahiro Kuramochi, and Yuji C. Sasaki. "Real-Time Observation of Capsaicin-Induced Intracellular Domain Dynamics of TRPV1 Using the Diffracted X-ray Tracking Method." Membranes 13, no. 8 (July 30, 2023): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080708.

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The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a multimodal receptor which responds to various stimuli, including capsaicin, protons, and heat. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have revealed the structures of TRPV1. However, due to the large size of TRPV1 and its structural complexity, the detailed process of channel gating has not been well documented. In this study, we applied the diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) technique to analyze the intracellular domain dynamics of the TRPV1 protein. DXT enables the capture of intramolecular motion through the analysis of trajectories of Laue spots generated from attached gold nanocrystals. Diffraction data were recorded at two different frame rates: 100 μs/frame and 12.5 ms/frame. The data from the 100 μs/frame recording were further divided into two groups based on the moving speed, using the lifetime filtering technique, and they were analyzed separately. Capsaicin increased the slope angle of the MSD curve of the C-terminus in 100 μs/frame recording, which accompanied a shifting of the rotational bias toward the counterclockwise direction, as viewed from the cytoplasmic side. This capsaicin-induced fluctuation was not observed in the 12.5 ms/frame recording, indicating that it is a high-frequency fluctuation. An intrinsic counterclockwise twisting motion was observed in various speed components at the N-terminus, regardless of the capsaicin administration. Additionally, the competitive inhibitor AMG9810 induced a clockwise twisting motion, which is the opposite direction to capsaicin. These findings contribute to our understanding of the activation mechanisms of the TRPV1 channel.

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Mendrzyk, Frank, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Stefan Joos, Felix Kokocinski, Axel Benner, Daniel E. Stange, Kai Neben, et al. "Genomic and Protein Expression Profiling Identifies CDK6 As Novel Independent Prognostic Marker in Medulloblastoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 34 (December 1, 2005): 8853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.02.8589.

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Purpose Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Despite multimodal aggressive treatment, nearly half of the patients die as a result of this tumor. Identification of molecular markers for prognosis and development of novel pathogenesis-based therapies depends crucially on a better understanding of medulloblastoma pathomechanisms. Patients and Methods We performed genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number imbalances in 47 medulloblastomas using comparative genomic hybridization to large insert DNA microarrays (matrix-CGH). The expression of selected candidate genes identified by matrix-CGH was analyzed immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays representing medulloblastomas from 189 clinically well-documented patients. To identify novel prognostic markers, genomic findings and protein expression data were correlated to patient survival. Results Matrix-CGH analysis revealed frequent DNA copy number alterations of several novel candidate regions. Among these, gains at 17q23.2-qter (P < .01) and losses at 17p13.1 to 17p13.3 (P = .04) were significantly correlated to poor prognosis. Within 17q23.2-qter and 7q21.2, two of the most frequently gained chromosomal regions, confined amplicons were identified that contained the PPM1D and CDK6 genes, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of PPM1D in 148 (88%) of 168 and CDK6 in 50 (30%) of 169 medulloblastomas. Overexpression of CDK6 correlated significantly with poor prognosis (P < .01) and represented an independent prognostic marker of overall survival on multivariate analysis (P = .02). Conclusion We identified CDK6 as a novel molecular marker that can be determined by immunohistochemistry on routinely processed tissue specimens and may facilitate the prognostic assessment of medulloblastoma patients. Furthermore, increased protein-levels of PPM1D and CDK6 may link the TP53 and RB1 tumor suppressor pathways to medulloblastoma pathomechanisms.

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Bonami, Beatrice, Luiz Piazentini, and André Dala-Possa. "Education, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: Mixed methods in digital platforms." Comunicar 28, no. 65 (October 1, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c65-2020-04.

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Digital technology has provided users with new connections that have reset our understanding of social architectures. As a reaction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data, the educational field has rearranged its structure to consider human and non-human stakeholders and their actions on digital platforms. In light of this increasingly complex scenario, this proposal aims to present definitions and discussions about AI and Big Data from the academic field or published by international organizations. The study of AI and Big Data goes beyond the search for mere computational power and instead focuses upon less difficult (yet perhaps more complex) areas of the study social impacts in Education. This research suggests an analysis of education through 21st century skills and the impact of AI development in the age of platforms, undergoing three methodological considerations: research, application and evaluation. To accomplish the research, we relied upon systematic reviews, bibliographic research and quality analyses conducted within case studies to compose a position paper that sheds light on how AI and Big Data work and on what level they can be applied in the field of education. Our goal is to offer a triangular analysis under a multimodal approach to better understand the interface between education and new technological prospects, taking into consideration qualitative and quantitative procedures. La tecnología digital ha traído características de conexión que restablecen nuestra comprensión de arquitecturas sociales. Sobre la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y Big Data, el campo educativo reorganiza su estructura para considerar a los actores humanos y no humanos y sus acciones en plataformas digitales. En este escenario cada vez más complejo, esta propuesta tiene como objetivo presentar definiciones y debates sobre IA y Big Data de naturaleza académica o publicados por organizaciones internacionales. El estudio de IA y Big Data puede ir más allá de la búsqueda de poder computacional / lógico y entrar en áreas menos difíciles (y quizás más complejas) del campo científico para responder a sus impactos sociales en la educación. Esta investigación sugiere un análisis de la educación a través de las habilidades del siglo XXI y los impactos del desarrollo de IA en la era de las plataformas, pasando por tres ejes de grupos metodológicos: investigación, aplicación y evaluación. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, confiamos en revisiones sistemáticas, investigaciones bibliográficas y análisis de calidad de estudios de casos para componer un documento de posición que arroje luz sobre cómo funcionan la IA y el Big Data y en qué nivel se pueden aplicar en el campo de la educación. Nuestro objetivo es ofrecer un análisis triangular bajo un enfoque multimodal para comprender mejor la interfaz entre la educación y las nuevas perspectivas tecnológicas.

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Allen, Keith B., Ethan Y. Brovman, Adnan K. Chhatriwalla, Katherine J. Greco, Nikhilesh Rao, Avinash Kumar, and Richard D. Urman. "Opioid-Related Adverse Events: Incidence and Impact in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 24, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253219888658.

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Purpose. Opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) increase patient length of stay (LOS) and health care costs. However, ORADE rates may be underreported. This study attempts to understand the degree to which ORADEs are underreported in Medicare patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services administrative claims database was used to identify ORADEs in 110 158 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent cardiac valve (n = 50 525) or coronary bypass (n = 59 633) surgery between April 2016 and March 2017. The International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes specifically linked to ORADEs were used to identify an actual ORADE rate, while additional ICD codes, clinically associated with butas not specific to adverse drug events were analyzed as potential ORADEs. Length of stay (LOS) and hospital daily revenue were analyzed among patients with or without a potential ORADE. Results. Among patients undergoing valve or bypass surgery, the documented ORADE rate was 0.7% (743/110 158). However, potential ORADEs may have occurred in up to 32.4% (35 658/110 158) of patients. In patients with a potential ORADE, mean LOS was longer (11.4 vs 8.2 days; P < .0001) and mean Medicare revenue/day was lower ($4016 vs $4412; P < .0001). The mean net difference in revenue/day between patients with and without an ORADE varied between $231 and $1145, depending on the Diagnosis-Related Group analyzed. Conclusions. ORADEs are likely underreported following cardiac surgery. ORADEs can be associated with increased LOS and decreased hospital revenue. Understanding the incidence and economic impact of ORADEs may expedite changes to postoperative pain management. Adopting multimodal pain management strategies that reduce exposure to opioids may improve outcomes by reducing complications, side effects, and health care costs.

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Bautista, Mark A., Melanie Bertrand, Ernest Morrell, D'Artagnan Scorza, and Corey Matthews. "Participatory Action Research and City Youth: Methodological Insights from the Council of Youth Research." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 115, no. 10 (October 2013): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811311501005.

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Background The research community has long documented educational disparities along race lines. Countless studies have shown that urban African American and Latino students are systematically denied educational resources in comparison to their white counterparts, resulting in persistent achievement disparities. Though this research is thorough in many regards, it consistently lacks the voices of the Latino and African American students themselves. This omission not only silences those most affected by educational inequalities, it also denies the research community valuable insights. Purpose This article discusses an analysis of a youth participatory action research (YPAR) program, the Council of Youth Research, in which urban youth of color research educational conditions. We address the following research questions: 1. How do the Council youth appropriate traditional tools of research? How do they adapt and transform these tools to serve their purposes? 2. What methodological insights can adult educational researchers draw from the study of an intervention project that seeks to center the voice and perspectives of youth? 3. How does YPAR as it is practiced by Council youth challenge what is considered as legitimate and transformative research? Research Design To address our research questions, we conducted ethnographic research on the Council during the summer of 2010 and the 2010-2011 school year. Findings We demonstrate how the students in the Council appropriated traditional research methods for critical uses and employed creative approaches to conveying research findings. We focus on the students’ use of participant observation, database analysis, and interviews, and describe the multimodal avenues through which the students conveyed findings. Conclusion Our study points to alternatives to traditional research that take advantage of urban students’ positionality and insights. We argue that the perspective of youth of color, especially in working-class, urban areas, is integral to our understanding of problems in urban schools as well as approaches to transforming inequitable learning conditions and structures. Until we make the power of research accessible to young people and other marginalized communities, educational research will be limited in its scope and impact.

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Smith, Lisa, Iman Khan, Tomer Lagziel, Carrie Cox, Julie Caffrey, and Sheera Lerman. "767 Tracking Changes in Pain Ratings between Admission to Discharge at a Regional Burn Center." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.242.

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Abstract Introduction The complex nature of burn pain has debilitating effects on burn patients’ physiological and psychological wellbeing. Characterized by its overwhelming intensity and extensive duration, burn pain involves inflammatory and neuropathic components. These pain responses vary in depth, severity, and sensation during and after the healing process. Despite best efforts, burn pain remains a widespread challenge for providers to effectively predict and address. Methods A retrospective chart review of 442 patients admitted to the Burn Center for treatment of burn injuries between January 2015 and February 2022 was conducted. Charts of patients age >18 and length of stay >4 days were included in the analysis. Mean age on admission was 50.13±17 years and 34% of the sample were female. Data on clinical and demographic factors was extracted electronically and manually from patients’ electronic medical records. Numerical pain scale ratings documented by nursing were averaged for the first and last 48 hours of patients’ hospital stay. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess significant predictors of pain prior to discharge. Results We controlled for TBSA, length of stay, gender and psychiatric diagnosis and discovered that pain within the first 48 hours of admission and age were statistically significant predictors of average pain prior to discharge. Specifically, younger age was associated with increased pain ratings. When comparing average pain levels between the first and last 48 hours, 22% reported an increase of more than 1 point in their pain, 42% had no difference in average pain ratings, and 36% reported a decrease of more than 1 point. Prior to discharge, 36% of the sample reported pain higher than 6 and 17% reported pain greater than 7. Conclusions Heightened pain is challenging in burn injuries even prior to discharge, especially for younger patients and those who report initial high levels of pain. For many burn survivors, pain remains the same or worsens from admission to discharge, putting them at risk for negative outcomes such as chronic pain, PTSD, suicidality, sleep disturbances, and reduced function. Future research is needed to determine if early intervention can serve to mitigate these risks and improve long term recovery and quality of life. Applicability of Research to Practice Patients at risk for increased pain upon discharge can be identified by understanding the factors contributing to this phenomenon during early treatment. Early, targeted, evidence-based interventions during treatment and following discharge will allow effective management of pain. Younger patients and patients with higher initial pain should be closely monitored and given multimodal pain interventions, thereby enhancing their comfort and overall recovery process.

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Sciurba, Katie. "Depicting Hate: Picture Books and the Realities of White Supremacist Crime and Violence." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 122, no. 8 (August 2020): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200813.

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Background/Context Since the 2016 presidential election, hate-based speech, crime, and violence have been on the rise in the United States, (re)creating a need for adults to engage children in dialogue related to white supremacy as it exists today, instead of framing it as a problem that ended with the civil rights movement. Following an incident of racist vandalism at her home, the author of this article (a White mother) conducted a search for picture books that could serve as vehicles to discuss race-based hate and whiteness with children like her young Black son. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study draws upon Critical Race Theory, Critical Whiteness Studies, and Critical Multicultural Analysis to explore the emancipatory possibilities of literacy education. Given that children's literature has the potential to engage young readers in transactions that promote critical literacy, this study focuses on the following research questions: 1) To what extent do picture books set in a post-civil-rights era United States address explicit and physical acts of white supremacy or hate directed against Black people's bodies, families, or properties? 2) How might such picture books aid parents, educators, and other adults in their attempts to raise children's awareness about white supremacy/hate? Research Design The first part of this article, which documents the author's search for children's picture books about explicit and physical acts of white supremacy/hate, utilizes first person narrative. The second part of this article consists of a multimodal content analysis of five texts, all meeting the following criteria: 1) written and illustrated in picture book format, 2) include child characters, 3) set in the United States, 4) set in a post-civil-rights era, 5) include an incident of white supremacist crime or violence (a physical act directed toward a person or property), 6) depict/address an incident directed against a Black individual or group. Conclusions/Recommendations Findings of this study point to the need for more picture books that challenge whiteness in its overt and covert forms, particularly in contemporary contexts, in order to provide children with opportunities to engage critically with current issues that have emerged in this heightened era of white supremacy and hate-based crime and violence. The picture books that do address white supremacy, in its current manifestation, tend to include stories about White police killing and shooting Black individuals and the protests that follow such incidents. Yet these stories, as well as one about an incident in which a group of White gang members physically attack two Black children (Ntozake Shange's Whitewash), are not equal in their level of explicitness about what occurs, their identifications of the White perpetrators involved in what happens, or their demonstrations of how the incidents are rooted in white supremacy. Accordingly, educators and other adults will often need to fill in significant “truth gaps” in order to raise children's social consciousness related to whiteness and racism. One of the primary recommendations presented in this piece is to accompany these picture books and picture books like them with discussion questions related to the stories that are and are not told in the texts, as well as to facilitate conversation with children related to power and agency as exhibited by the Black characters. Most important, educators and other adults should remain cognizant of the fact that, while books like the ones in this examination may help to address traumas and help facilitate testimony related to race-based hate, children should have opportunities to construct and express their own understandings of textual relevance on this topic.

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KRISBAI, Raluca. "Teodora Popescu (Editor). Cognitive approaches to contemporary media. New Castle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021. Pp. i-xi, 1-210. ISBN: 978-1-5275-6953-9." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 14, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2021.14.2.11.

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The book entitled Cognitive approaches to contemporary media offers a valuable insight into modern developments in cognitive linguistics, which can contribute to the advancement of both research and practice in the field. The purpose of this edited volume is to deliver fresh insights into the metaphorical language used in the current media from a cognitive-linguistic perspective. Considering the manipulative framings of reality in which mass media can engage at present, investigations into how figurative language functions may be valuable in order to instruct audiences and to improve their decoding skills to prevent deception and bias. The overall research methodology draws on well-established approaches to the analysis of metaphors, such as Pragglejaz method (2007), the MIPVU technique (2010), the critical metaphor analysis framework (Charteris-Black 2004) and multimodal metaphor analysis theory (Forceville 2009). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of corpora were conducted, as well as word frequency and concordance searches using AntCoc and ConcAppor #LancsBox software. The book is a compilation of ten contributions by Romanian researchers in the field of cognitive linguistics, and is structured into three main parts. Part One consists of three chapters that focus on the metaphors that are used in business journalese. The chapter by Crina-Maria Herțeg, ‘The conceptualisation of the MARKET in English and Romanian. A corpus-based approach’, focuses on MARKET metaphors in English and Romanian that were obtained from two sizeable corpora of Romanian and British journalese, each consisting of around 600,000 words, and representing business articles that were amassed during the period between 2012 and 2016. Herțeg conducted a corpus-based contrastive investigation to underline the similarities and differences in the ways in which the market is conceptualised in both the Romanian and the English languages. The author explores lexical, semantic and cultural differences, as well as intersecting cognitive categories, and compares and contrasts a series of conceptual metaphors, such as LABOUR MARKET IS WAR and LABOUR MARKET IS COMPETITION. Further subcategories of MARKET IS A LIVING ORGANISM, such as the MARKET IS AN ANIMAL metaphors, were identified in various instances of BEAR and BULL MARKETS. Chapter Two, authored by Andra Ursa and entitled ‘A comparative study of business metaphors in English, French and Romanian economic discourse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic’ presents a comparative inquiry into newspaper articles in three European languages that were published during July 2020, all focusing on economic issues of wider interest. The chapter investigates the conceptual metaphors employed in the media discourse to help readers to comprehend different facets related to the workings of their national economies. The author conducted both automatic (using AntConc software) and manual analyses to identify and catalogue the metaphors. The results revealed that the three economies under investigation were typically conceptualised in terms of war, objects, human beings or organisms, with a high recurrence of the metaphor ECONOMY IS A SICK PERSON, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ursa revealed that there appeared to be a tendency towards metaphorical expressions indicating that the economy was in a state of war in both the French and the British corpora, which was encountered less frequently in the Romanian articles. The third chapter, ‘Conceptualisations of economic relations between the US and China’ by Andra Corpade, presents how economic relationships amongst countries are envisioned in the written media. The most important cognitive categories that the author noted were COMPETITION IS A RACE, COMPANIES ARE INSTRUMENTS OF DOMINATION, COMPETITION IS WAR, ORGANISATIONS ARE PEOPLE/THINKING ENTITIES and COUNTRIES ARE PEOPLE. Of these, the most frequent pertained to COMPETITION IS WAR, as the author found a wide range of exponents included in the semantic field of WAR. The second part of the book consists of three chapters grouped according to the subject matter of health and illness in metaphorical concepts within the specific context of the new coronavirus. Teodora Popescu’s chapter, ‘Waging war against COVID-19. A case study of Romanian metaphorical conceptualisations of the novel coronavirus’, delves into cognitive metaphors pertaining to the coronavirus, as determined using a corpus of almost 67,000 words from the Romanian nation-wide broadsheet Adevărul (‘The Truth’), which was compiled during the period from September to October 2020. The most important categories identified were FIGHTING COVID-19 IS FIGHTING A WAR, COVID-19 IS A MURDERER, COVID-19 IS COLLECTIVE SUFFERING, LACK OF DISEASE TREATMENT/RESTRICTIONS OBSERVANCE IS LACK OF CONTROL, LOCKDOWN IS DETENTION, LOCKDOWN IS DEPRESSION and COVID-19 IS A SHAM. Recurrent instances of emotional conceptualisations of the pandemic were identified, including EMOTIONAL STATE IS HARM CAUSED BY PREDATORY ANIMALS, which alludes to people’s all-encompassing dissatisfaction generated by the lockdown, accounting for the generalised discontent and frustration in Romanian society, coupled with deep scepticism with regard to the medical system and political rulers. Chapter Five, entitled ‘Conceptual metaphors in medical journalese’ by Oana-Elena Stoica, emphasises the function of conceptual metaphors in medical communication, specifically in the mass media, and considers how they are used with a view to having maximum impact on the reader. The author identified the following categories: TREATING ILLNESS IS FIGHTING A WAR, DISEASES AND VIRUSES ARE ENEMIES, FOOD ADDITIVES ARE ENEMIES, A PROBLEM IS A BODY OF WATER, THE HUMAN BODY IS A FRIEND, THE HUMAN BODY IS A MACHINE, LONG-TERM PURPOSEFUL CHANGE IS A JOURNEY and A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IS A FRIEND. Stoica maintained that medical language can be somewhat vague and abstract, as well as relatively difficult to comprehend; consequently, metaphors can contribute greatly to clarifying or mitigating distressing issues for readers. The sixth chapter, Adela Natalia Neciu’s ‘THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IS A BODY. A case study of metaphorical conceptualisations – the case of Sweden’, scrutinises the metaphorical conceptualisations derived from a progress report on the implementation of the principles of value-based healthcare (VBHC) in Sweden, as documented by health economists, healthcare providers and policymakers. Neciu identified 11 categories, namely SYSTEMS ARE BUILDINGS, PROBLEMS ARE ENEMIES/DEALING WITH A PROBLEM IS FIGHTING A WAR, COUNTRIES ARE PEOPLE, IDEAS ARE OBJECTS, INFORMATION IS MONEY, SYSTEMS ARE PERSONS/PEOPLE, ORGANISATIONS ARE PEOPLE/THINKING ENTITIES, LAWS ARE CONTAINERS, INFORMATION IS A MOVING OBJECT, INFORMATION IS A SUBSTANCE and BUILDINGS ARE PEOPLE. The chapter by Gabriela-Corina Șanta (Câmpean), ‘COVID-19 in journalese. A case study of health, lifestyle, and political agenda domains’, examines the impact of COVID-19 on a number of domains in daily life: POLITICAL AGENDA, ECONOMY, HEALTH, EDUCATION and LIFESTYLE. The network of multidirectional relationships presented by the author are characteristic of the state of affairs that we have witnessed. Șanta concludes by explaining that institutions, companies and countries across the world are perceived as being endowed with human features. Furthermore, all the concepts except EDUCATION were assigned human characteristics; hence, they could be mapped according to their interconnectedness. She further asserted that political leaders have determined finding appropriate mechanisms for putting an end to the virus that has affected all areas of our lives to be a priority. Part Three consists of three contributions addressing multimodal metaphors in films. The eighth chapter, written by Diana Emanuela Tîrnăvean and entitled ‘Metaphors in fiction films. A discourse analysis of “Before I Wake”’ presents an investigation of the verbal, pictorial and gestural metaphors that contribute to creating the identity of the central characters and which chart the central hero’s evolutionary journey via the compelling metaphor of change. This transformation is artfully embodied throughout the film as we witness the transitional life phases of a butterfly. On one hand, Tîrnăvean aims to detect, interpret and decipher the pictorial, gestural and verbo-visual metaphors; on the other, she conducts an exploration of the hero’s quest, which is that of becoming a mother to the orphaned Cody. Chapter Nine, ‘Myth and metaphor in “The Matrix” trilogy’ by Adina Botaș, presents an inquiry into the multimodal metaphors pertaining to the central character, Neo, which can be found in this trilogy. Botaș focuses on three major myths that can be traced in the films’ narratives, namely Alice’s Wonderland, the Bible archetype and the myth of conspiracy. Accordingly, the multimodal metaphors investigated in the study materialised as concurrent expressions of diverse maximally consistent metaphors. The author explains that mappable traits are indicative of various metaphor scenarios, such as NEO IS THE SAVIOUR and NEO IS ALICE IN WONDERLAND from the vantage points of both the theological myth (references to the passion of Jesus Christ) and the conspiracy myth (correlations with an occult society working against humankind). Chapter Ten, authored by Bianca Moisi and entitled ‘The multimodal metaphor in film: A case study of “The Shack”’, provides an analysis of how cinematography exploits metaphors, beginning with the assumption that the development of metaphorical language is concurrent with the development of human thought processes. Moreover, Moisi explores metaphors that are representative of the postmodern individual; that is, those that are shaped by individuals’ intrinsic awareness of gender, emotion, religion and their very existence. Moisi identifies various conceptual categories, such as STATES ARE CONTAINERS (with the subcatrgory THE HUMAN HEART IS A BUILDING/PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION), ANGER IS A RAVAGED PLACE, DEPRESSION IS A PERSON, POSITIVE EXPERIENCE IS LIGHT/WARMTH (and subsequently, NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE IS DARKNESS/COLDNESS), POSITIVE EXPERIENCE IS SPRING (and accordingly, GOD IS A WOMAN/GOD IS A MOTHER, NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE IS WINTER) and LOVE IS A BOND/LOVE IS A UNITY OF PARTS, amongst others. Moisi ultimately demonstrates the evolution of metaphor from the classical perspective to a postmodern understanding, which revisits and reinvents ancient myths via the use of cinematography. In conclusion, the edited collection Cognitive approaches to contemporary media provides a novel perspective on the metaphorical language that is used in present-day society’s mass media, and will be a valuable contribution to the field as it is both informative and captivating for the general audience and specialists alike.

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Alsubhi, Maha, Lydia Aston, Julie Ayre, Saadia Aziz, Nicole Beddard, Hollie Birkinshaw, Charlotte Boichat, et al. "Oral presentationsSystematic review of the factors associated with health behaviours related to obesity among refugee childrenPreliminary development of quality of life scales for children and adults with Niemann-Pick Type CThe diversity of diabetes-related self-monitoring and problem-solving practices across health literacy levels: An interview studyResilience as a predictor of burnout, depression and hope among medical studentsThe lived experience of parents with children who have had retinoblastomaPerceptions of older adults and GPs towards the management of musculoskeletal pain in primary careA qualitative study of stress and wellbeing in national health service (NHS) employeesThe effectiveness of sedentary behaviour reduction workplace interventions on cardiometabolic risk markers: A systematic reviewIs delivering a mindfulness course to people with cancer feasible, acceptable and of any benefit?Exploring the views and perspectives of analgesic medication for pain in people with dementia.Exploring the implementation of anaesthesia practices in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Nepal and Bangladesh using a behavioural frameworkWhen health eating becomes unhealthy: Understanding orthorexia nervosa‘People sometimes think I’m like some old war veteran rabbiting on’: Narratives of those working on the HIV frontline.New year, new mii: A systematic review on the influence of digital avatars on health-related outcomesMy own personal hell: Approaching and exceeding thresholds of too much alcoholAcceptability of a healthy eating contract and goal setting intervention for people living in low socioeconomic areas‘I’m a person not a disorder.’ A phenomenological analysis exploring how employees with bipolar stay well at workDoubling up: Enhancing pluralistic research through the use of multimodal data. Contested phenomena and multiple perspectives.Racial and ethnic disparities in cortisol reactivity and the moderating role of discriminationExploring the staff perspective of the physical environment in a dementia specific care unit.‘Are computer-based treatment programmes effective at reducing symptoms of dual diagnosis within adults?’: A systematic reviewAre interventions delivered by healthcare professionals effective for weight management? A systematic review of systematic reviewsAn emotional journey – parents’ experiences of their child’s transfer to intensive careExamining potential biopsychosocial and health behaviour predictors of gestational weight gain: The Grown in Wales cohortA qualitative analysis of people’s health-based visions for their best possible future selvesEvaluating the impact of woodland activities on personal wellbeingImplementation of a healthy lifestyle intervention in Manchester primary schools: A qualitative studyUnderstanding health care workers’ experiences of an Ebola outbreak and attitudes to infection prevention control in Sierra LeoneExploring women’s weight-related health behaviours during pregnancy: A qualitative longitudinal studyDoes the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme intervention have fidelity to the programme specification? A document analysisThe lived experience of men diagnosed with melanoma: A qualitative exploration using photo-elicitationEnhancing the wellbeing of caregivers of people with spinal cord injury with internet-delivered mindfulness: A feasibility studyDevelopment of a brief tailored digital intervention to facilitate help-seeking in patients with Parkinson’s: A feasibility studyIs demanding work fatiguing or energising? Three real-time studies of health care professionals.A look into the relationship of compensatory health beliefs, procrastination and body mass indexPatients’ experiences and perceptions of behaviour change advice delivered during routine GP consultations: A national surveyDigital remote pain reporting and administration perspectives in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritisPain beliefs are associated with levels of reported pain in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritisChanging safety behaviour on a global scale: A case study of L’Oréal’s ApproachDesigning a breastfeeding intervention for women with a BMI>30kg/m2 using a collaborative approachUnderstanding symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome using scientific insights fromN-of-1 studiesNew MRC-NIHR guidance: Reducing bias due to measurement reactivity in studies of interventions to improve healthIntention to perform strength training exercise among Chinese elderly: The application of the Health Belief ModelExploring an individual experience of living with scoliosis in adults over 30: A photovoice study.Stigma and physical wellbeing: The mediating role of social support and self-esteem in young adults with chronic conditions.‘People don’t know how severe some of them can be’: An exploration of beliefs and attitudes in adolescents with food allergyChallenges and reflections; evaluating an intervention to facilitate shared decision-making in breast reconstruction (PEGASUS).Dementia and cognitive impairment in the older prison population: Designing theory and evidence based training for prison staffCapability, opportunity and motivation to prevent oral health problems through behaviour change talk in dental practiceRealising ‘teachable opportunities’ to promote lifestyle behaviours in routine postnatal consultationsUse of a biofeedback breathing app to augment poststress physiological recoveryBarriers and facilitators to delivering exercise to men with prostate cancer: Application of the theoretical domains frameworkDevelopment of an evidence-based intervention to address eating psychopathology in athletes: An intervention mapping approachDeliberating and reflecting upon what we know and how we know it in evidence-based healthcareMothers of teenage girls: Knowledge and understanding about human papillomavirus and cervical cancerBarriers and facilitors to primary care nursing professionals having ‘cancer early diagnosis-related discussions’ with patientsLack of referrals to pulmonary rehabilitation: Should we pay closer attention to healthcare professionals’ illness perceptions?Participants’ Experience of a Type 2 Diabetes Management Programme designed for British-South Asians: A Qualitative EvaluationA qualitative exploration of the experience of positive body image in breast cancer survivors‘It felt like unfinished business, it feels like that’s finished now’: Experiences around contralateral prophylactic mastectomyContralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy and the consultation: A snapshot of UK healthcare professionals’ views and experiencesHealth professionals perceptions of supporting exercise in men with prostate cancer: Applying the Theoretical Domains FrameworkWhat are the perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals about blood transfusion? An interview studySocial prescribing as ‘social cure’: Health benefits of social connectedness to practitioners and users of a social prescribing pathwaySupporting young people who have been parentally bereaved: Can physical activity help and what services are available?" Health Psychology Update 28, no. 3 (2019): 10–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpu.2019.28.3.10.

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Zhang, Zhenrong, Jiefeng Ma, Jun Du, Licheng Wang, and Jianshu Zhang. "Multimodal Pre-training Based on Graph Attention Network for Document Understanding." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2022, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2022.3214102.

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Sommer, Vivien. "Multimodal Analysis in Qualitative Research: Extending Grounded Theory Through the Lens of Social Semiotics." Qualitative Inquiry, December 11, 2020, 107780042097874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800420978746.

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Digital technology has made it easier for researchers to conduct and produce multimodal data. In terms of a social semiotic understanding, multimodal means that data are produced from different sign resources, such as field protocols combined with visual recordings or document analysis consisting of audiovisual material. The increase in multimodal data brings the challenge of developing analytical tools not only to collect data but also to examine them. In this article, I introduce a research approach for how to integrate multimodal data within the framework of grounded theory by extending the coding process with a social semiotic understanding of data as a combination of different sign modes. This approach makes it possible not only to analyze data based on different modes separately but also to analyze their combination, for example, the interweaving of text and image.

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Adami, Elisabetta, and Ruth Swanwick. "Signs of understanding and turns-as-actions: a multimodal analysis of deaf–hearing interaction." Visual Communication, June 29, 2019, 147035721985477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357219854776.

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This article examines the interaction between deaf and hearing interlocutors in order to demonstrate how understanding (and misunderstanding) can be expressed and inspected through the situated use of multimodal resources. In this communicative situation, participants have asymmetrical experiences of being deaf and being hearing, and ‘codified’ (either speech or sign-language) resources are little shared among participants. The multimodal analysis of an interactional sequence between a young deaf child, her deaf friend and her hearing mother demonstrates ways in which participants use semiotic resources to take, execute and give turns in the presence of sensory asymmetries. The organization of turn taking in this sequence provides insights into the ways in which understanding (or lack of it) can be demonstrated, monitored and co-constructed by participants throughout the interaction. The findings demonstrate that turns offer a useful point of analysis for the recognition and inspection of signs of understanding in the context of sensory asymmetries but there needs to be a qualitative orientation to assessing this. This contribution to the research on situated multimodal sign-making underlines the need for the development of multimodal frameworks that can account for, and effectively document, situated meaning-making beyond ‘codified/linguistic’ resources.

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Nissi, Riikka, and Esa Lehtinen. "Digital Documenting Practices: Collaborative Writing in Workplace Training." Written Communication, July 28, 2022, 074108832211081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07410883221108162.

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The present article examines collaborative writing in organizational consulting and training, where writing takes place as part of a group discussion assignment and is carried out by using digital writing technologies. In the training, the groups use digital tablets as their writing device in order to document their answers in the shared digital platform. Using multimodal conversation analysis as a method, the article illustrates the way writing is interactionally accomplished in this setting where digital writing intertwines with face-to-face interaction as the groups jointly formulate a documentable written entry for specific institutional purposes. The results show how writing is managed in situated ways and organized by three specific aspects: access, publicity, and broader organizational practice. The article advances prior understanding of the embodied nature of writing and writing with technologies by demonstrating how the body and the material and social nature of writing technologies intertwine within situated social interaction.

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Innocenti, Perla. "Pilgrim's progress? A field ethnography of multimodal recording, curating and sharing of the Camino de Santiago experience." Journal of Documentation, July 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-10-2022-0213.

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PurposeReligious and secular pilgrimages present rich opportunities for investigating information activities in an original and intriguing context. While the Information Science community has previously shown interest in digital expressions of religion and spirituality, discussion on pilgrimage is at a nascent stage. The purpose of this study is to conduct an in situ investigation of how pilgrims record, curate, and share their experiences.Design/methodology/approachA field ethnography was conducted while walking with, observing and interviewing pilgrims along the Camino de Santiago, a popular European pilgrimage and UNESCO World Heritage route. Data collected from 25 semi-structured interviews and participant observations were thematically analysed within a theoretical framework combining Stebbins' contemplation and Nature Challenge Activity in serious leisure and Hektor's model of information behaviour.FindingsThis study expands the interpretation of pilgrimage by introducing new insights into pilgrims, different types of mobilities, spaces and objects, and social interactions. By using field ethnography and close-up observations of praxis, pilgrimage is analysed as a socio-technical process and discussed literature within and beyond Information Science. The work presents new understandings of the interplay between spirituality, embodied information practices, physical and online social interactions, analogue and digital media before, during and after these journeys and legacy aspirations.Originality/valueThe study is original in its combination of theoretical models and their ethnographic in situ application. It contributes to a more in-depth, in-the-field understanding of how pilgrims document their experiences via a rich palette of old and new media, the dynamics of using digital technologies during such physical and inner journeys and pilgrims' sharing practices. Implications for serious leisure and information practices are discussed, from theoretical to practical challenges and opportunities offered by pilgrimage experiences.

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Gunawan, Wawan. "The re-appropriation of ideational meanings through drawings: A case of 5-year-old child experience in learning to mean." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i2.13300.

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During the last decades, how children make meaning of particular worlds (e.g., events) through drawings has been well-documented. To add to this growing body of research, the present study attempts to document 5-year-old child experience in exploring ideational meanings represented in drawings as part of her home literacy practices in a transition into a dominant English school discourse in a multilingual context of the United States. Empirical data were garnered from the child’s drawings made at home, informal interviews with the child, and observation field notes focusing on the child’s think-aloud practices of drawing along with the features of the drawings in comparison with the captured movie images. These data were discursively analyzed using the concept of ideational meanings anchored in systemic functional and multimodal discourse approaches to capture the expansion of ideational meanings manifested in the child’s drawings. The semiotic analysis reveals that the child re-appropriated her drawings as a multi-semiotic resource to extend her understanding of the subject matter gained from the movie series. The ideational meanings were made subjectively through the interpretation of the drawings which have meaning potentials leading to the construction of meta-knowledge. The practical implication of this study is that language teachers may make use of drawings as a multi-semiotic resource for scaffolding young learners in learning second and foreign languages (e.g., English).

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Gorman, Jessica R., Julia H. Drizin, Fatima A. Al-Ghadban, and Katharine A. Rendle. "Adaptation and feasibility of a multimodal mindfulness-based intervention to promote sexual health in cancer survivorship." Translational Behavioral Medicine, June 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab083.

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Abstract Sexual health concerns after cancer are common and distressing, and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are effective in supporting women experiencing these concerns. The goals of this study were to: (i) systematically adapt and document modifications to a mindfulness-based sexual health intervention for cancer survivors in a community setting and (ii) assess feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability, and to identify strategies to increase reach for future implementation and dissemination. Following the ADAPT-ITT model, we first conducted key informant interviews with 10 female cancer survivors and four healthcare providers to obtain feedback on perceived need and feasibility of the intervention approach, and preferences for content, structure, and delivery format. This feedback informed initial intervention adaptations, which we then pretested with five female cancer survivors. We tracked and coded intervention adaptations. Key informant cancer survivors and providers confirmed the lack of sexual health services, acceptability of a sexual health MBI, and identified initial adaptations including modifying the intervention for delivery in a community, rather than clinical, setting. Pretest participants (aged 48–57) were survivors of breast (n = 4) and cervical (n = 1) cancer. All participants completed the intervention attending an average of 7.2 of 8 weekly sessions. Qualitative and quantitative results suggest the intervention was feasible, appropriate and acceptable. Engaging stakeholders in the adaptation process is essential for creating a feasible, appropriate, and acceptable intervention. Tracking intervention modifications contributes to our overall understanding of how MBIs can be adapted for new populations and contexts.

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Paques, Michel, Nathaniel Norberg, Céline Chaumette, Florian Sennlaub, Ethan Rossi, Ysé Borella, and Kate Grieve. "Long Term Time-Lapse Imaging of Geographic Atrophy: A Pilot Study." Frontiers in Medicine 9 (June 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.868163.

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Geographic atrophy (GA), the late stage of age-related macular degeneration, is a major cause of visual disability whose pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Modern fundus imaging and histology revealed the complexity of the cellular changes that accompanies atrophy. Documenting the activity of the disease in the margins of atrophy, where the transition from health to disease occurs, would contribute to a better understanding of the progression of GA. Time-lapse imaging facilitates the identification of structural continuities in changing environments. In this retrospective pilot study, we documented the long-term changes in atrophy margins by time-lapse imaging of infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in 6 cases of GA covering a mean period of 32.8 months (range, 18–72). The mean interval between imaging sessions was 2.4 months (range, 1.4–3.8). By viewing time-lapse sequences we observed extensive changes in the pattern of marginal hyperreflective spots, which associated fragmentation, increase and/or disappearance. Over the entire span of the follow-up, the most striking changes were those affecting hyperreflective spots closest to margins of atrophy, on the non-atrophic side of the retina; a continuum between the successive positions of some of the hyperreflective spots was detected, both by SLO and OCT. This continuum in their successive positions resulted in a subjective impression of a centrifugal motion of hyperreflective spots ahead of atrophy progression. Such mobilization of hyperreflective spots was detected up to several hundred microns away from atrophic borders. Such process is likely to reflect the inflammatory and degenerative process underlying GA progression and hence deserves further investigations. These results highlight the interest of multimodal time-lapse imaging to document cell-scale dynamics during progression of GA.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT04128150 and NCT04129021.

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Betharia, Swati. "Combining Chalk Talk with PowerPoint to Increase In-class Student Engagement." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 7, no. 4 (November 14, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v7i4.474.

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In striving to attain a higher degree of in-class student engagement, and target a larger number of preferred student-learning styles, this case study describes a multimodal teaching approach. PowerPoint slides have gradually gained popularity over the more traditional chalk and talk lecture design. The student population in today’s age seeks more non-passive modes of information delivery. Numerous novel approaches to enhance active learning, such as flipped classroom and problem-based learning, have recently been explored. While working well for therapeutic and lab-based courses, these formats may not be best-suited for all basic science topics. The importance of basic science in a pharmacy curriculum is well emphasized in the 2016 ACPE Standards. To actively involve students in a pharmacology lecture on diuretics, a session was designed to combine the PowerPoint and chalk talk approaches. Students created 10 concept diagrams following an instructor, who explained each step in the process using a document camera. For visual learners, these diagrams provided a layered representation of the information, gradually increasing in complexity. For learners with a preference for the reading learning style, the information was also available in corresponding PowerPoint slides. Scores from pre- and post-session quizzes indicated a high level of concept understanding and recall (median 1 [IQR 0 – 2] vs 4 [IQR 3 – 5]; p<0.001). The student perception survey data reported higher in-class attention levels (76%), an appreciation for the utility of self-created concept diagrams (88%), and a call for additional sessions being presented in this format (73%). Targeting a variety of student learning styles by using the active development of concept diagrams, in addition to traditional PowerPoint slides, can promote student engagement and enhance content understanding. Type: Case Study

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Shaptala, R. V. "REVIEW OF VECTOR EMBEDDINGS FUSION METHODS." Telecommunication and Information Technologies 77, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31673/2412-4338.2022.048489.

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art techniques for embeddings fusion in natural language processing and machine learning. Embeddings fusion refers to the task of combining multiple word or document embeddings into a single representation that can capture the different aspects of the input data. This is typically used in multimodal machine learning applications where inputs come from different sources with different formats or in situations when embeddings are already available and need to be combined in the model. The paper covers various fusion methods, including concatenation, averaging, weighted averaging, and neural network-based approaches. A detailed analysis of the benefits and limitations of each method, as well as the scenarios in which they are most effective is provided. In the paper vector embeddings fusion methods are categorized by model architecture type as well as by fusion type. Moreover, recommendations to choose the optimal type of fusion method given task limitations are described. In addition, the paper discusses the evaluation metrics commonly used to assess the quality of fused embeddings, such as similarity and classification accuracy. Overall, this review paper provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of natural language processing and machine learning who wish to deepen their understanding of embeddings fusion methods and their applications. The insights and recommendations presented in this paper can help guide the selection of appropriate fusion methods and improve the performance of various natural language processing and machine learning tasks. By staying up-to-date with the latest developments in embeddings fusion, researchers and practitioners can continue to push the boundaries of natural language processing and machine learning.

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Sekimoto, Sachi, and Christopher Brown. "Race and multimodality: An introduction to the special issue." Multimodality & Society, August 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349795231194806.

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This issue brings together teachers, researchers, performing artists and creative practitioners who discuss, analyze, and reflect on the possibilities offered by examining how multimodality shapes the social and cultural landscape of understanding race and racism. We invite readers to consider: How is race a multimodal construction? How is race, as a social and cultural artifact, constructed and reproduced within the multimodal machinery of modern society? What possibilities does multimodal theorizing offer as a pedagogical approach to advance anti-racism? We argue that multimodality allows for a different conceptualization of race – it is not a text written with the arbitrary and slippery language of race, but an assemblage of multiple modes that constitutes a racial world that is not only “read” but also “lived” and “felt” by those who live in it. The authors in this issue demonstrate how race shows up—or appears—as an assemblage of multiple modes of communication that individuals and groups utilize to make meaning. Through the analyses of multimodal texts such as videos, photos, legal documents, film subtitling, ethnographic observations, interracial dialogue and spoken word performance, they explore the social and cultural construction of race as multimodal process.

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Freixa, Pere. "Herramientas e indicadores para el análisis de la temporalidad en el periodismo digital y el documental interactivo." Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Investigación de la Comunicación, September 25, 2020, 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3145/ae-ic-epi.2020.e02.

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Over the last two decades, digital journalism and interactive documentaries have produced works in which interactivity, multimedia, and participation articulate the access and consumption of information. These are basically multimedia and dynamic texts that delve into two-way communication and hypertext, and motivate active reading. These are informational pieces typical of the digital ecosystem that often mutate via social networks and present significant transformations in their temporal evolution. Reading, analyzing, and understanding these texts requires specific tools and methodologies that consider: (a) the dynamism of such pieces, as well as their temporal modification, (b) their multimodal dimension, and (c) their transmedia development. This article proposes a methodological reflection on the ways of reading interactive documentary audiovisual texts and proposes strategies and tools for their understanding and analysis based on detailed reading (close reading), and decoupage. This research focuses on an analysis of the temporal evolution of these journalistic pieces. The need to observe and analyze the temporal dimension of journalistic texts in the digital ecosystem has allowed the development of specific methodologies (Widholm, 2016; Karlsson; Sjøvaag, 2016; Buhl; Günther; Quandt, 2018) focused on the immediacy and mutability of journalistic news, its permanence in networks, and its temporal evolution. However, these tools do not consider the study of large-scale journalistic stories, typical of interactive documentaries, which require a specific multimodal approach (Hiippala, 2017; Van-Krieken, 2018, Freixa et al., 2014; Freixa, 2015). A detailed reading reveals how the interactive documentary considers the dimension, both temporal and of content and form, of the traditional documentary text, by becoming part of a transmedia framework as part of a dialogue with the public. Resumen Desde hace dos décadas, el periodismo digital y el documental interactivo produce obras en las que la interactividad, la multimedialidad y la participación articulan el acceso y consumo de la información. Básicamente se trata de textos multimediales y dinámicos, que ahondan en la comunicación bidireccional y el hipertexto, y que proponen lecturas activas. Se trata de piezas informacionales propias del ecosistema digital que, a menudo, mutan en las redes sociales y presentan significativas transformaciones en su evolución temporal. La lectura, el análisis y la comprensión de estos textos precisa de herramientas y metodologías específicas que contemplen: a) el dinamismo de las piezas, así como su modificación temporal; b) su dimensión multimodal y c) su desarrollo transmedia. En este artículo se propone una reflexión metodológica sobre las formas de lectura de los textos audiovisuales interactivos documentales, y se proponen estrategias y herramientas para su comprensión y análisis basadas en la lectura detallada (close reading), y el découpage. La investigación focaliza su interés en el análisis de la evolución temporal de estas piezas periodísticas. La necesidad de observar y analizar la dimensión temporal de los textos periodísticos en el ecosistema digital ha permitido el desarrollo de metodologías específicas (Widholm, 2016; Karlsson; Sjøvaag, 2016; Buhl; Günther; Quandt, 2018) focalizadas en la inmediatez y mutabilidad de la noticia periodística, su permanencia en red y evolución temporal. Estas herramientas, sin embargo, no contemplan el estudio de los relatos periodísticos de gran dimensión, propios del documental interactivo, que precisan de una aproximación multimodal específica (Hiippala, 2017; Van-Krieken, 2018, Freixa et al., 2014; Freixa, 2015). La lectura detallada permite observar cómo el documental interactivo cuestiona la dimensión, tanto temporal como de contenido y forma, del texto documental tradicional, al pasar a formar parte de un entramado transmedia en diálogo con el público.

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Skogmyr Marian, Klara. "Assessing Without Words: Verbally Incomplete Utterances in Complaints." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689443.

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This study investigates the use of verbally incomplete utterances in French-language complaints about third parties or situations. In these cases, a speaker initiates a turn with verbal means but stops talking before reaching lexico-syntactic completion. The utterance becomes recognizable as an expression of negative stance or as a precise negative assessment by virtue of the linguistic formatting of the turn-initiation, its position within the larger interactional context, and the speaker’s accompanying bodily-visual displays and vocalizations. Data consist of video-recorded coffee-break conversations among first and second language speakers of French. Using multimodal Conversation Analysis, the analysis documents recurrent linguistic formats of the verbally incomplete utterances and examines the interactional deployment of the utterances in two distinct sequential contexts: (1) in the initiation of complaints, and (2) at the end of complaint tellings or reports. In the first of these, the action of leaving a turn verbally incomplete and expressing stance with bodily-visual means allows the speaker to prepare the grounds for the complaint by foreshadowing the negative valence of the upcoming talk. In the latter case, the verbally incomplete utterance and accompanying vocal and/or embodied conduct are deployed as a summary assessment or upshot of the complaint which shows, rather than merely describes, the complaint-worthiness of the situation. In both cases, the utterances work to enhance the chances for the speaker to obtain affiliative responses from coparticipants. While prior studies on verbally incomplete utterances have suggested that such utterances may be specifically suitable for subtly dealing with delicate actions, in this study the utterances are sometimes produced as part of multimodal ‘extreme-case expressions’ that convey negative stance in a high-grade manner. The findings contribute to a better understanding of interactional uses of verbally incomplete utterances and of the multimodal nature of negative assessments. The study thereby furthers our understanding of how grammar and the body interface as resources for the accomplishment of context-specific actions and the organization of social interaction.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multimodal document understanding'

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