Journal articles on the topic 'Multimodal analysis and synthesis'
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Englmeier, K. H., M. Haubner, U. Fink, and B. Fink. "Image analysis and synthesis of multimodal images in medicine." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 43, no. 3-4 (June 1994): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(94)90070-1.
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Kuriakose, Bineeth, Raju Shrestha, and Frode Eika Sandnes. "Multimodal Navigation Systems for Users with Visual Impairments—A Review and Analysis." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, no. 4 (October 16, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti4040073.
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Multimodal interaction refers to situations where users are provided with multiple modes for interacting with systems. Researchers are working on multimodality solutions in several domains. The focus of this paper is within the domain of navigation systems for supporting users with visual impairments. Although several literature reviews have covered this domain, none have gone through the research synthesis of multimodal navigation systems. This paper provides a review and analysis of multimodal navigation solutions aimed at people with visual impairments. This review also puts forward recommendations for effective multimodal navigation systems. Moreover, this review also presents the challenges faced during the design, implementation and use of multimodal navigation systems. We call for more research to better understand the users’ evolving modality preferences during navigation.
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Anderson, Kate T., and Dani Kachorsky. "Assessing students’ multimodal compositions: an analysis of the literature." English Teaching: Practice & Critique 18, no. 3 (October 14, 2019): 312–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/etpc-11-2018-0092.
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Purpose This article presents an analysis of empirical literature on classroom assessment of students’ multimodal compositions to characterize the field and make recommendations for teachers and researchers. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive synthesis of the literature related to practices and possibilities for assessing students’ multimodal compositions. Findings Findings present three overarching types of studies across the body of literature on assessment of student multimodal compositions: reshaping educational practices, promoting multiliteracies approaches to learning and evaluating students’ understanding and competence. These studies’ recommendations range along a continuum of more to less structural changes to “what counts” in classrooms. Research limitations/implications This review only considers studies published in English from 2000to 2019. Future studies could extend these parameters. Practical implications This analysis of the literature on assessing student multimodal compositions highlights foundational differences across studies’ purposes and offers guidance for educations seeking to revise their practices, whether their goals are more theoretical/philosophical, oriented toward reshaping classroom practice or focused on ways of measuring student understanding. Social implications Rethinking assessment can reshape educational practices to be more equitable, more theoretically commensurate with teachers’ beliefs and/or include more thorough and accurate measures of student understanding. Changes to any or all of these facets of educational practices can lead to continued discussion and change regarding the role of multimodal composition in teaching and learning. Originality/value This study fills a gap in the literature by considering what empirical studies suggest about why, how and what to assess with regard to multimodal compositions.
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Cappello, Marva, Angela M. Wiseman, and Jennifer D. Turner. "Framing Equitable Classroom Practices: Potentials of Critical Multimodal Literacy Research." Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice 68, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381336919870274.
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This article presents an illustrative case study to explore the classroom potentials of critical multimodal literacy. We feature Marcela’s multimodal response to demonstrate how she engaged with visual and textual tools for learning. Illustrative cases are especially useful to explore a particular issue and often involve in-depth analysis of qualitative data that represents theoretical constructs or significant findings. Critical multimodal literacy is a framework that we developed from a synthesis of the research literature to describe the ways that children use tools (e.g., sketches, videos) for personal meaning-making, critique, and agentive learning in classrooms. Findings from the critical analysis of a young Latina fourth-grader’s multimodal production illuminate our framework, which consists of the following four components: communicate and learn with multimodal tools; restory, represent, and redesign; acknowledge and shift power relationships; and leverage multimodal resources to critique and transform sociopolitical realities all seen through an equity lens. We conclude with implications for how this critical multimodal literacy framework can promote equitable classroom practices that expand the literacy learning of all students.
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Buntak, Krešimir, Gabrijela Budimir Šoško, Davor Grgurević, and Ivan Cvitković. "The Necessity of Developing Multimodal Transportation in Croatia as a Factor of Meeting the European Union Transportation Policy Recommendation and a Beneficial Factor for the Development of Croatian Economy." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 61, no. 1 (December 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2021.61.02.
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The paper emphasises the necessity of developing multimodal transportation solutions in Croatia. Croatian transport infrastructure is not at a satisfactory stage of development, and, due to Croatia’s geographical position, the development of multimodal transportation is a beneficial factor for the development of the country’s economy. European Union recommends multimodal solution as less polluting and more energy efficient. Further, it is shown that the modernisation of transportation system in Croatia, by developing a multimodal transportation system, represents a comparative advantage factor for Croatian economy. The methods used are a comprehensive literature research, methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison method, as well as methods of collecting secondary sources of research. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of developing multimodal transportation as a significant factor for economy development as well as contribution to raising awareness of this problem.
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Bozkurt, Elif, Yücel Yemez, and Engin Erzin. "Multimodal analysis of speech and arm motion for prosody-driven synthesis of beat gestures." Speech Communication 85 (December 2016): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2016.10.004.
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Ratsiburskaya, Larisa V., and Sabina G. Busareva. "The problem of multimodality as a synthesis of verbal and non-verbal means of influence (based on the material of media texts)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 4 (2021): 831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.412.
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Due to the increased importance of the text format, the article considers the problem of multimodality which is acute at the turn of 20th–21st centuries: the specificity of the term and concept of “multimodality”, “multimedia”, and functions of multimodality in modern media texts. A characteristic feature of the modern media text is its multimodal character as an interaction of verbal and non-verbal means. The aim of the study is to identify various types of multimodal neoderivatives and determine their functional specificity. New aspects of media word creation are associated with the multimodal nature of contemporary media texts: monographing — the use of multifunctional elements of one language in graphic hybrids (hyphenation, parenthesis, quotation); capitalization — combination of uppercase and lowercase letters; polygraphing — combination of the elements of various alphabets; codegraphing — combination of different code systems (different fonts, numbers, ideograms, drawings, photos, colors, and emojis). The material of the study includes the texts of printed and electronic media from the beginning of the 21st century, as well as advertising texts. In the course of the study, the methods of structural and semantic analysis as well as content analysis were used. The multimodal media neoderivatives intensify the influential effects of media text. As a result of the research, the most representative types of graphic hybrids and emoji characters implementing expressive-game and manipulative tendencies of modern media, as well as performing structural text functions, are identified in the media texts.
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Ye, Frank B., Akil Hamza, Tejomayee Singh, Stephane Flibotte, Philip Hieter, and Nigel J. O’Neil. "A Multimodal Genotoxic Anticancer Drug Characterized by Pharmacogenetic Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 215, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303169.
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New anticancer therapeutics require extensive in vivo characterization to identify endogenous and exogenous factors affecting efficacy, to measure toxicity and mutagenicity, and to determine genotypes that result in therapeutic sensitivity or resistance. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform with which to characterize properties of the anticancer therapeutic CX-5461. To understand the processes that respond to CX-5461-induced damage, we generated pharmacogenetic profiles for a panel of C. elegans DNA replication and repair mutants with common DNA-damaging agents for comparison with the profile of CX-5461. We found that multiple repair pathways, including homology-directed repair, microhomology-mediated end joining, nucleotide excision repair, and translesion synthesis, were needed for CX-5461 tolerance. To determine the frequency and spectrum of CX-5461-induced mutations, we used a genetic balancer to capture CX-5461-induced mutations. We found that CX-5461 is mutagenic, resulting in both large copy number variations and a high frequency of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), which are consistent with the pharmacogenetic profile for CX-5461. Whole-genome sequencing of CX-5461-exposed animals found that CX-5461-induced SNVs exhibited a distinct mutational signature. We also phenocopied the CX-5461 photoreactivity observed in clinical trials and demonstrated that CX-5461 generates reactive oxygen species when exposed to UVA radiation. Together, the data from C. elegans demonstrate that CX-5461 is a multimodal DNA-damaging anticancer agent.
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Saladino, Giovanni M., Nuzhet I. Kilic, Bertha Brodin, Bejan Hamawandi, Idris Yazgan, Hans M. Hertz, and Muhammet S. Toprak. "Carbon Quantum Dots Conjugated Rhodium Nanoparticles as Hybrid Multimodal Contrast Agents." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092165.
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Nanoparticle (NP)-based contrast agents enabling different imaging modalities are sought for non-invasive bio-diagnostics. A hybrid material, combining optical and X-ray fluorescence is presented as a bioimaging contrast agent. Core NPs based on metallic rhodium (Rh) have been demonstrated to be potential X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) contrast agents. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is used for NP synthesis, yielding large-scale NPs within a significantly short reaction time. Rh NP synthesis is performed by using a custom designed sugar ligand (LODAN), constituting a strong reducing agent in aqueous solution, which yields NPs with primary amines as surface functional groups. The amino groups on Rh NPs are used to directly conjugate excitation-independent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which are synthesized through citrate pyrolysis in ammonia solution. CQDs provided the Rh NPs with optical fluorescence properties and improved their biocompatibility, as demonstrated in vitro by Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The multimodal characteristics of the hybrid NPs are confirmed with confocal microscopy, and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) phantom experiments.
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Oleshkova, Anna Mikhailovna. "Internet Meme as the Subject of Social Studies: Opportunities of Event Analysis Application." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.10.8.
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The present study considers memes as socio-cultural phenomena which is complex and multi-level. The authors single out research prospects for studying memes with the methods applied in socio-logical research. Even though a variety of disciplines studies memes, sociology analyzes memes from the perspective of social stratification, “us” and “them” dichotomy, allowing researchers to observe memet-ics as both socio-cultural and quasi-political reality. Internet meme is shown as the most dynamic and representative phenomenon in memetics. Social media provide a context for Internet meme that re-flect values of any modern society. The methods applied in meme research presupposes a synthesis of interdisciplinary approaches and separate proce-dures including, firstly, multimodal analysis, content analysis and discursive studies. Event analysis is a subtype of content analysis. In the case of memes interpretation due to this method a researcher can observe the dynamics of social and political events, define social and cultural continuum markers as well as values of modern society.
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Schnaider, Karoline, Limin Gu, and Oscar Rantatalo. "Understanding technology use through multimodal layers: a research review." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 37, no. 5 (October 2, 2020): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-02-2020-0020.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the use of digital technologies by teachers and students in teaching and learning from a multimodal layer perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe article reviews 64 studies on technology use. A content analysis based on the theoretical concepts of “multimodal layers” was used to synthesise previous research.FindingsThe findings indicate that the use of technology in classroom practices by teachers and students is multifaceted and that transitions exist between technologies and sign-systems and are differently related to sign-making activities and thus constitute different uses. Between layers, traces can be made that connect the use of technology to differences in sign-making activities.Practical implicationsA multimodal layer perspective on technology use is fruitful to understand what happens at the intersection of technology and human activities in school practices. Moreover, more attention to multimodal layers can inform future effective technology usage and design.Originality/valueThe review offers comprehensive insights on how previous research has studied technology using multimodal layers as an analytical lens.
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Borkent, Mike. "Mediated characters: Multimodal viewpoint construction in comics." Cognitive Linguistics 28, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 539–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0098.
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AbstractI analyze multimodal viewpoint construction in comics to engage with how modalities function within the medium as a specific discourse context with distinct conventions and material qualities. I show how comics employ established storytelling practices with character, narrator, and narrative viewpoint levels, while building up and interweaving these through strategic uses of the modalities of the medium. I mobilize the cognitive theories of embodiment, domains, mental simulation, and mental space blending as an analytical framework. I examine the asynchronicity of viewpoint elements between modalities and their synthesis into composite character viewpoints in several examples. I show how modalities can be prioritized and their different qualities and functions strategically manipulated for viewpoint construal. These brief examples show the complexity inherent in multimodal communication and interpretation and the usefulness of encouraging the medium-specific and interdisciplinary analyses of cultural works from a cognitive linguistic perspective.
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Krithika alias Anbu Devi, M., and K. Suganthi. "Review of Medical Image Synthesis using GAN Techniques." ITM Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213701005.
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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is one of the vital efficient methods for generating a massive, high-quality artificial picture. For diagnosing particular diseases in a medical image, a general problem is that it is expensive, usage of high radiation dosage, and time-consuming to collect data. Hence GAN is a deep learning method that has been developed for the image to image translation, i.e. from low-resolution to highresolution image, for example generating Magnetic resonance image (MRI) from computed tomography image (CT) and 7T from 3T MRI which can be used to obtain multimodal datasets from single modality. In this review paper, different GAN architectures were discussed for medical image analysis.
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Chen, Bing Di, Yong Yong Li, Bing Bo Zhang, Bo Zhang, Yu Lian Wu, and Dong Lu Shi. "Ultra Convenient Synthesis of Lanthanide Based Magnetic-Fluorescent Hydrogels for Multimodal Cellular Imaging." Advanced Materials Research 266 (June 2011): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.118.
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A simple approach has been developed to synthesize lanthanide based multifunctional magnetic-fluorescent hydrogels for cellular imaging via MRI and optical imaging synchronously. The multifunctional hydrogels are prepared by covalently conjugating gadolinium and europium chelate with biocompatible chitosan. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows that the hydrogels have a strong PL emission, which is characteristic of Eu3+ transitions from the excited 5D0 to 7FJ levels. Moreover, in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis shows that the hydrogels exhibit powerful T1-weighted MRI signal in water. As a result, the hydrogels combine magnetic and fluorescent properties and can be expected to act as a promising multimodal MRI/optical imaging probe.
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Dziuba, E. V., and Yu V. Rogozinnikova. "Precedent Anthroponyms of Soviet Origin in English Polycode Advertising Text." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-55-80.
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The article analyzes precedent anthroponyms of the Soviet origin in multimodal texts of American and British advertising. The study aims at analyzing precedent anthroponyms of the Soviet origin in English multimodal texts from the linguoaxiological and linguopragmatic points of view and from the standpoint of textual organization. The following research methods have been used: description and synthesis, linguistic methods of structural-semantic, contextual and cognitive-discourse analysis. The paper examines the precedent names of the Soviet origin (for instance, Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Kalashnikov). It also establishes their uses in commercial texts and highlights the linguistic means of satirical effect creation as the main pragmatic goal of English commercial and social advertising. The name of a political leader acquires different connotations and in most cases it is “demoted” due to the transfer of the name from the political context to the everyday one: gastronomic, material, kitsch-cultural, glamorous-erotic, etc. Names of the Soviet politicians are found in advertisements of cigarettes, pizza, alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks, bags and other household items, including absorbent wipes. The article concludes that the image of the Soviet past in multimodal advertising texts in English acquires negative connotations. Besides, the analyzed texts emphasize that the communist ideology belongs to the system of anti-values.
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Le Trequesser, Quentin, Hervé Seznec, and Marie-Hélène Delville. "Functionalized nanomaterials: their use as contrast agents in bioimaging: mono- and multimodal approaches." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 125–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2012-0080.
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AbstractThe successful development of nanomaterials illustrates the considerable interest in the development of new molecular probes for medical diagnosis and imaging. Substantial progress was made in the synthesis protocol and characterization of these materials, whereas toxicological issues are sometimes incomplete. Nanoparticle-based contrast agents (CAs) tend to become efficient tools for enhancing medical diagnostics and surgery for a wide range of imaging modalities. The multimodal nanoparticles (NPs) are much more efficient than the conventional molecular-scale CAs. They provide new abilities for in vivo detection and enhanced targeting efficiencies through longer circulation times, designed clearance pathways, and multiple binding capacities. Properly protected, they can safely be used for the fabrication of various functional systems with targeting properties, reduced toxicity, and proper removal from the body. This review mainly describes the advances in the development of mono- to multimodal NPs and their in vitro and in vivo relevant biomedical applications ranging from imaging and tracking to cancer treatment. Besides the specific applications for classical imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging), the less common imaging techniques such as terahertz molecular imaging (THMI) or ion beam analysis (IBA) are mentioned. The perspectives on the multimodal theranostic NPs and their potential for clinical advances are also mentioned.
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Alina, NECHYPORUK. "TRANSPORT LOGISTICS IN A PANDEMIC CONDITIONS." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 40, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2021(40)03.
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Background. The world economy is undergoing significant changes due to difficult pandemic conditions and quarantine restrictions. Today, logistics companies need to adapt to the new operating conditions in order to overcome the consequences of the pandemic and be competitive in the market of Ukraine and the world. The aim of this scientific article is to analyze the current conditions of multimodal transportation and substantiate the necessary ways to develop transport logistics during the pandemic. Materials and methods. While writing the article the following research methods were used: the method of elementary theoretical analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction, economic and statistical methods, the method of expert evaluation, which revealed the main purpose of the article. Results. Based on the study of the main directions of the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine, the consequences of the development of transport logistics and multimodal transportation have been determined for the country’s economy. An analysis of the state of combined transport in Europe was performed and the main directions of its development were identified, which are relevant for our country. The issues of transport interoperability and its impact on transport and logistics services are considered. The development of transport logistics is directly related to the transition of the railway to a track width of 1435 mm, which will open new opportunities in international traffic and give the opportunity to reach a new level in the field of logistics. Conclusion. The development of transport logistics requires new opportunities and ways to develop this industry. With great export potential and favorable geographical location, Ukraine should integrate into the world system of multimodal transportation by expanding container transportation, which will lead to the development of transport logistics. Today, multimodal transportation has all the necessary legislative documents and support from the state, but obstacles to their development at the international level require significant capital investment.
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Schlagenhauf, F., M. Rapp, Q. Huys, L. Deserno, A. Beck, J. Kalbitzer, Y. Kumakura, H. G. Buchholz, M. Plotkin, and A. Heinz. "Prediction error signal correlates with fluid intelligenceand dopamine synthesis across the lifespan." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72659-1.
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IntroductionFluid intelligence expresses the capacity for interpretation of novel stimuli and flexible behavioral adaptation to such cues. Phasic dopamine firing closely matches a temporal difference prediction error (PE) signal important for learning and rapid behavioral adaptation. Both fluid intelligence and dopaminergic neurotransmission decline with age. So far, no study investigated the relationship between fluid IQ, PE signal and direct measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Here we used a multimodal imaging approach that combines positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsA group of healthy controls was investigated with both 6-[18F]FluoroDOPA PET and functional MRI with a probabilistic reversal task. The task required a constant behavioral adaptation to changes in reward contingencies, while choosing between two abstract stimuli. A reinforcement learning algorithm was used to compute a trial-by-trial prediction error, which was the used as a regressor in the fMRI data analysis with SPM8.ResultsThe prediction error signal was associated with functional activation in the basal ganglia including the ventral striatum and putamen. Fluid intelligence was associated with the PE signal in the ventral striatum, which correlated with age-related changes in dopamine synthesis capacity in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThese findings provide insight into the role of age-related changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission on behavioral adaptation. The multimodal imaging approach allows the characterization of interactions between dopamine metabolism and learning-related neuronal activation and may thus be a useful tool to clarify mechanisms underlying learning and plasticity in old age, which are crucial to our understanding of successful aging.
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Tebaldi, Claudia, Richard L. Smith, Doug Nychka, and Linda O. Mearns. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Projections of Regional Climate Change: A Bayesian Approach to the Analysis of Multimodel Ensembles." Journal of Climate 18, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 1524–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3363.1.
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Abstract A Bayesian statistical model is proposed that combines information from a multimodel ensemble of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) and observations to determine probability distributions of future temperature change on a regional scale. The posterior distributions derived from the statistical assumptions incorporate the criteria of bias and convergence in the relative weights implicitly assigned to the ensemble members. This approach can be considered an extension and elaboration of the reliability ensemble averaging method. For illustration, the authors consider the output of mean surface temperature from nine AOGCMs, run under the A2 emission scenario from the Synthesis Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES), for boreal winter and summer, aggregated over 22 land regions and into two 30-yr averages representative of current and future climate conditions. The shapes of the final probability density functions of temperature change vary widely, from unimodal curves for regions where model results agree (or outlying projections are discounted) to multimodal curves where models that cannot be discounted on the basis of bias give diverging projections. Besides the basic statistical model, the authors consider including correlation between present and future temperature responses, and test alternative forms of probability distributions for the model error terms. It is suggested that a probabilistic approach, particularly in the form of a Bayesian model, is a useful platform from which to synthesize the information from an ensemble of simulations. The probability distributions of temperature change reveal features such as multimodality and long tails that could not otherwise be easily discerned. Furthermore, the Bayesian model can serve as an interdisciplinary tool through which climate modelers, climatologists, and statisticians can work more closely. For example, climate modelers, through their expert judgment, could contribute to the formulations of prior distributions in the statistical model.
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Ruppert, Marina C., Andrea Greuel, Masoud Tahmasian, Frank Schwartz, Sophie Stürmer, Franziska Maier, Jochen Hammes, et al. "Network degeneration in Parkinson’s disease: multimodal imaging of nigro-striato-cortical dysfunction." Brain 143, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 944–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa019.
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Abstract The spreading hypothesis of neurodegeneration assumes an expansion of neural pathologies along existing neural pathways. Multimodal neuroimaging studies have demonstrated distinct topographic patterns of cerebral pathologies in neurodegeneration. For Parkinson’s disease the hypothesis so far rests largely on histopathological evidence of α-synuclein spreading in a characteristic pattern and progressive nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. Functional consequences of nigrostriatal dysfunction on cortical activity remain to be elucidated. Our goal was to investigate multimodal imaging correlates of degenerative processes in Parkinson’s disease by assessing dopamine depletion and its potential effect on striatocortical connectivity networks and cortical metabolism in relation to parkinsonian symptoms. We combined 18F-DOPA-PET, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and resting state functional MRI to multimodally characterize network alterations in Parkinson’s disease. Forty-two patients with mild-to-moderate stage Parkinson’s disease and 14 age-matched healthy control subjects underwent a multimodal imaging protocol and comprehensive clinical examination. A voxel-wise group comparison of 18F-DOPA uptake identified the exact location and extent of putaminal dopamine depletion in patients. Resulting clusters were defined as seeds for a seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analysis. 18F-FDG metabolism was compared between groups at a whole-brain level and uptake values were extracted from regions with reduced putaminal connectivity. To unravel associations between dopaminergic activity, striatocortical connectivity, glucose metabolism and symptom severity, correlations between normalized uptake values, seed-to-cluster β-values and clinical parameters were tested while controlling for age and dopaminergic medication. Aside from cortical hypometabolism, 18F-FDG-PET data for the first time revealed a hypometabolic midbrain cluster in patients with Parkinson’s disease that comprised caudal parts of the bilateral substantia nigra pars compacta. Putaminal dopamine synthesis capacity was significantly reduced in the bilateral posterior putamen and correlated with ipsilateral nigral 18F-FDG uptake. Resting state functional MRI data indicated significantly reduced functional connectivity between the dopamine depleted putaminal seed and cortical areas primarily belonging to the sensorimotor network in patients with Parkinson’s disease. In the inferior parietal cortex, hypoconnectivity in patients was significantly correlated with lower metabolism (left P = 0.021, right P = 0.018). Of note, unilateral network alterations quantified with different modalities corresponded with contralateral motor impairments. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that degeneration of nigrostriatal fibres functionally impairs distinct striatocortical connections, disturbing the efficient interplay between motor processing areas and impairing motor control in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The present study is the first to reveal trimodal evidence for network-dependent degeneration in Parkinson’s disease by outlining the impact of functional nigrostriatal pathway impairment on striatocortical functional connectivity networks and cortical metabolism.
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Martin, William P., Yeong H. D. Chuah, Emer Conroy, Alison L. Reynolds, Conor Judge, Francisco J. López-Hernández, Carel W. le Roux, and Neil G. Docherty. "Protocol for a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological targeting of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in experimental renal injury." BMJ Open Science 5, no. 1 (November 2021): e100240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjos-2021-100240.
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IntroductionImpaired lipid metabolism in the renal tubule plays a prominent role in the progression of renal fibrosis following acute kidney injury (AKI) and in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are promising druggable targets to mitigate renal fibrosis by redirecting metabolism, including restoration of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) capacity. We aim to synthesise evidence from preclinical studies of pharmacological PPAR targeting in experimental renal injury, and inform the design of future studies evaluating PPAR-mediated restoration of FAO in AKI and CKD.Methods and analysisStudies reporting on the impact of pharmacological PPAR modulation in animal models of renal injury will be collected from MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase and Web of Science databases. Predefined eligibility criteria will exclude studies testing medications which are not specific ligands of one or more PPARs and studies involving multimodal pharmacological treatment. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool and Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Experimental Studies checklist will be used to assess quality of the included studies. Data extraction will be followed by a narrative synthesis of the data and meta-analysis where feasible. Analysis will be performed separately for AKI, CKD and renal transplant models. Subgroup analyses will be performed based on study design characteristics, PPAR isotype(s) targeted, and classes of PPAR-targeting medications used. Risk of publication bias will be assessed using funnel plotting, Egger’s regression and trim-and-fill analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021265550.
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Bogachev, Viktor, Petr Kurenkov, Evgeniya Chebotareva, Aleksandra Kravec, and Taras Bogachev. "Computational Experiment in Optimization Modeling of Multimodal Cargo Transportation Process Based on Egalitarian Principles." Bulletin of scientific research results 2022, no. 3 (September 22, 2022): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2022-3-151-162.
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Purpose: To build an optimization model of multimodal cargo transportations in a port-side transport and technological system with the participation of rail and sea kinds of transport based on egalitarian principles, the model allows manipulating the values of parameters characterizing a transportation process and taking into account interests of transportation process participants within the frames of being considered cost indicators. Methods: An algorithm has been developed for planning the shipment and delivery of cargo flows to port station address in view of routing, time and cost parameters of transportation process which under, cost optimal values of being transported cargo and complex time indicators of transportation process are provided. One of the limitations in the optimization task is the volume of a ship batch that’s expected at any port unloading stations. The built mathematical model is a multi-criteria and multi-extreme task of nonlinear stochastic integer programming. The research theoretical and economic basis is the synthesis of the classical concepts of utilitarian and egalitarian approaches in a welfare theory that makes it possible to build sounded theoretically and demanded in practice the optimization models of multimodal freight transportation railway component. Results: Developed in analytical computing system environment the optimization algorithm provides opportunities along with Pareto optimal transportation plans for to find plans embodying “just in time” logistic concept, so at these plans, it is also achieved the balance of interests of transportation considered participants. Practical importance: An approach is proposed for to study freight transportation organization on a railway landfill wherein transportations are pursued within the framework of multimodal port-side transport and technological system. The developed models and algorithms can be recommended for practical use during the formation and analysis of logistic supply chains with rail and sea transport kind participation.
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Kaur Khakh, Amritpal Kaur, Victoria Fast, and Rizwan Shahid. "Spatial Accessibility to Primary Healthcare Services by Multimodal Means of Travel: Synthesis and Case Study in the City of Calgary." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020170.
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Universal access to primary healthcare facilities is a driving goal of healthcare organizations. Despite Canada’s universal access to primary healthcare status, spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities is still an issue of concern due to the non-uniform distribution of primary healthcare facilities and population over space—leading to spatial inequity in the healthcare sector. Spatial inequity is further magnified when health-related accessibility studies are analyzed on the assumption of universal car access. To overcome car-centric studies of healthcare access, this study compares different travel modes—driving, public transit, and walking—to simulate the multi-modal access to primary healthcare services in the City of Calgary, Canada. Improving on floating catchment area methods, spatial accessibility was calculated based on the Spatial Access Ratio method, which takes into consideration the provider-to-population status of the region. The analysis revealed that, in the City of Calgary, spatial accessibility to the primary healthcare services is the highest for the people with an access to a car, and is significantly lower with multimodal (bus transit and train) means despite being a large urban centre. The social inequity issue raised from this analysis can be resolved by improving the city’s pedestrian infrastructure, public transportation, and construction of new clinics in regions of low accessibility.
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Mihai, Natalia. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SEAPORTS LOGISTIC INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-1-9.
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The article is devoted to the study of the seaports of Ukraine and the identification of problems in the development of their logistics infrastructure. The purpose of the paper is to study the main problems of development of logistics infrastructure of seaports of Ukraine and determine the benefits of forming effective logistics centers based on them. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific techniques and methods. In particular, the systemic approach, method of analysis and synthesis, logical and prognostic methods. The results of the study allow us to determine that the degree of integration of Ukraine’s port industry into the international community remains low. The productivity of transport infrastructure and logistics processes are low. Seaports, of which there have been 13 in 2019, have a high investment potential due to their specialization and geographical location of the country. Much has been done by the government to develop the port industry since independence, but today there are a number of important issues, including low levels of private investment due to instability and high risk of corruption in the domestic economy, declining seaport turnover due to unreliable maritime logistics systems, imperfect tariff policy and many others. The results of the paper are the study of the experience of forming logistics infrastructure abroad, in particular in Germany and the Netherlands, and the argument for the creation of multimodal logistics centers on the basis of the Ukrainian seaports. It is determined that a special role in their formation and control over their activities should belong to state and municipal authorities. When creating a multimodal logistics center, a comprehensive approach should be applied, which covers such areas of activity as: development of the logistics services market; optimization and development of transport infrastructure (ensuring the possibility of cargo handling by different modes of transport); effective investment policy; development of trade relations; environmental protection; development of territories, creation of industrial parks and social policy (location of multimodal logistics centers near large settlements, creation of additional jobs). The support for these areas will diversify the economy of those regions, in which seaports are located, and will have an overall positive impact on the country’s economy as a whole, increase its logistics potential and competitiveness. Value/originality. A detailed analysis of the Ukrainian seaports and existing problems in the development of their logistics infrastructure provides a better understanding of the need to create powerful multimodal logistics centers and the formation of a single information space for the integration of Ukrainian and European port industry.
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Esperto, Luís, Isabel Figueira, João Mascarenhas, Teresa P. Silva, José B. Correia, and Filipe Neves. "Structural and Optical Characterization of Mechanochemically Synthesized CuSbS2 Compounds." Materials 15, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 3842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113842.
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One of the areas of research on materials for thin-film solar cells focuses on replacing In and Ga with more earth-abundant elements. In that respect, chalcostibite (CuSbS2) is being considered as a promising environmentally friendly and cost-effective photovoltaic absorber material. In the present work, single CuSbS2 phase was synthesized directly by a short-duration (2 h) mechanochemical-synthesis step starting from mixtures of elemental powders. X-ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized CuSbS2 powders revealed a good agreement with the orthorhombic chalcostibite phase, space group Pnma, and a crystallite size of 26 nm. Particle-size characterization revealed a multimodal distribution with a median diameter ranging from of 2.93 μm to 3.10 μm. The thermal stability of the synthesized CuSbS2 powders was evaluated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. No phase change was observed by heat-treating the mechanochemically synthesized powders at 350 °C for 24 h. By UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy the optical band gap was determined to be 1.41 eV, suggesting that the mechanochemically synthesized CuSbS2 can be considered suitable to be used as absorber materials. Overall, the results show that the mechanochemical process is a viable route for the synthesis of materials for photovoltaic applications.
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Shaikina, E. A. "Developing a mathematical model for managing railway freight traffic in the multimodal transportation system." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (December 2020): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2020-4-44-56.
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Objective: To develop a mathematical model of the functioning of the freight traffic subsystem interconnected with the general freight transportation model on the basis of the accepted basic assumptions and conditions, since the main type of interaction of the general system with a particular system (subsystem) is the application of constraints on the particular model parameters imposed by the requirements for the quality of the general model functioning according to the nomenclature, service level, and time characteristics of customer service, which are external to the modeled transportation subsystem. Methods: Analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, and mathematical modeling methods were used. Results: A mathematical model of the functioning of a transportation subsystem has been created, taking into account the necessary restrictions imposed by the Russian Railways general functioning model. The complete package of source data required for the practical implementation of this mathematical model as applied to railway transportation is available in the data stores of the main data processing center of Russian Railways. Existing numerical methods for solving such higher dimensional systems of equations make it possible to obtain a numerical implementation of such a model. The proposed model can serve the purposes of assessing the efficiency of the transportation subsystem, since it makes it possible to assess the mathematical expectations of the numbers of each of this system's states at any given time. Practical importance: The practical result of applying the developed model should be quantitatively substantiated recommendations for solving the main problems of choosing a transportation provider when planning multimodal transportation process, as well as for current and future transportation management under given conditions
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Fowler-Davis, Sally, Katharine Platts, Michael Thelwell, Amie Woodward, and Deborah Harrop. "A mixed-methods systematic review of post-viral fatigue interventions: Are there lessons for long Covid?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): e0259533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259533.
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Objectives Fatigue syndromes have been widely observed following post-viral infection and are being recognised because of Covid19. Interventions used to treat and manage fatigue have been widely researched and this study aims to synthesise the literature associated with fatigue interventions to investigate the outcomes that may be applicable to ‘long Covid’. Method The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020214209) in October 2020 and five electronic databases were searched. Papers were screened, critically appraised and data extracted from studies that reported outcomes of fatigue interventions for post-viral syndromes. The narrative synthesis includes statistical analysis associated with effectiveness and then identifies the characteristics of the interventions, including identification of transferable learning for the treatment of fatigue in long Covid. An expert panel supported critical appraisal and data synthesis. Results Over 7,000 research papers revealed a diverse range of interventions and fatigue outcome measures. Forty papers were selected for data extraction after final screening. The effectiveness of all interventions was assessed according to mean differences (MD) in measured fatigue severity between each experimental group and a control following the intervention, as well as standardised mean differences as an overall measure of effect size. Analyses identified a range of effects–from most effective MD -39.0 [95% CI -51.8 to -26.2] to least effective MD 42.28 [95% CI 33.23 to 51.34]–across a range of interventions implemented with people suffering varying levels of fatigue severity. Interventions were multimodal with a range of supportive therapeutic methods and varied in intensity and requirements of the participants. Those in western medical systems tended to be based on self- management and education principles (i.e., group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Conclusion Findings suggest that the research is highly focussed on a narrow participant demographic and relatively few methods are effective in managing fatigue symptoms. Selected literature reported complex interventions using self-rating fatigue scales that report effect. Synthesis suggests that long Covid fatigue management may be beneficial when a) physical and psychological support, is delivered in groups where people can plan their functional response to fatigue; and b) where strengthening rather than endurance is used to prevent deconditioning; and c) where fatigue is regarded in the context of an individual’s lifestyle and home-based activities are used.
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Ignatjeva, Olga. "DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL JUDGMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION." Political Expertise: POLITEX 17, no. 3 (2021): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2021.303.
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Discourse analysis of texts and speeches has been one of the most popular research methods since the second half of the XX century. Its emergence is associated with the works of postmodernists, such as Deleuze, J. Derrida, M. Foucault, E. Laclos, and S. Mouffe. The method is interesting because it allows us to take into account the context of expressed judgments and to uncover the implied meaning of statements. Despite the widespread use of this method, no unified methodology has been created. In foreign and Russian science, parallel trends and schools in the field of discourse analysis were formed, the most influential of which is discussed in this article. The emergence of social networks, digital platforms and applications has set a new trend in modifying and creating new variants of discourse analysis of texts and judgments, but already in a digital environment. Some of them, such as Y.G. Misnikov’s approach, can serve as an alternative to studying public opinion by means of a social survey. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize both traditional methods of discourse analysis of political judgments and new approaches using social networks, apps, websites, and digital platforms. In the course of the research, the methods of classification and systematization as well as, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used. In the context of digitalization, five varieties of discourse analysis method were considered for text analysis in a digital environment: critical discourse analysis, corpus discourse analysis, mediated discourse analysis, multimodal discourse analysis, and discourse analysis using artificial intelligence. A thorough analysis of these methods allowed us to identify a gap in the analysis of political judgments on digital platforms of interaction between the government and the population, and to propose a variant of filling it on the basis of A. Kruglanski's parametric model.
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Korolev, Dmitry V., Galina A. Shulmeyster, Maria S. Istomina, Natalia V. Evreinova, Ilia V. Aleksandrov, Aleksandr S. Krasichkov, Viktor N. Postnov, and Michael M. Galagudza. "Fluorescently Labeled Gadolinium Ferrate/Trigadolinium Pentairon(III) Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vivo Biodistribution, and Application for Visualization of Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury." Materials 15, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 3832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113832.
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Various gadolinium compounds have been proposed as contrasting agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we suggested a new synthesis method of gadolinium ferrate/trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide nanoparticles (GF/TPO NPs). The specific surface area of gadolinium ferrate (GdFeO3) and trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide (Gd3Fe5O12) nanoparticles was equal to 42 and 66 m2/g, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized substances were GdFeO3 and Gd3Fe5O12. The gadolinium content in the samples was close to the theoretically calculated value. The free gadolinium content was negligible. Biodistribution of the GF/TPO NPs was studied in rats by fluorescent imaging and Fe2+/Fe3+ quantification demonstrating predominant accumulation in such organs as lung, kidney, and liver. We showed in the in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury that GF/TPO NPs are able to target the area of myocardial infarction as evidenced by the significantly greater level of fluorescence. In perspective, the use of fluorescently labeled GF/TPO NPs in multimodal imaging may provide basis for high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the infarcted heart, thereby serving as unique theranostic platform.
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Battista, Simone, Luca Buzzatti, Marialuisa Gandolfi, Cinzia Finocchi, Luca Falsiroli Maistrello, Antonello Viceconti, Benedetto Giardulli, and Marco Testa. "The Use of Botulinum Toxin A as an Adjunctive Therapy in the Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis." Toxins 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090640.
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Several studies have investigated the effect of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain, bringing contrasting results to the forefront. Thus far, however, there has been no synthesis of evidence on the effect of BoNT-A as an adjunctive treatment within a multimodal approach. Hence, Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library-CENTRAL were searched until November 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of BoNT-A as an adjunctive therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain. The risk of bias (RoB) and the overall quality of the studies were assessed through RoB 2.0 and the GRADE approach, respectively. Meta-analysis was conducted to analyse the pooled results of the six included RCTs. Four were at a low RoB, while two were at a high RoB. The meta-analysis showed that BoNT-A as an adjunctive therapy did not significantly decrease pain compared to the sole use of traditional treatment (SDM −0.89; 95% CI −1.91; 0.12; p = 0.08). Caution should be used when interpreting such results, since the studies displayed very high heterogeneity (I = 94%, p < 0.001). The overall certainty of the evidence was very low. The data retrieved from this systematic review do not support the use of BoNT-A as an adjunctive therapy in treating chronic musculoskeletal pain.
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Noblet, Timothy David, John F. Marriott, and Alison B. Rushton. "Independent prescribing by advanced physiotherapists for patients with low back pain in primary care: protocol for a feasibility trial with an embedded qualitative component." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e027745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027745.
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IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition in the UK. Guidelines advocate a multimodal approach, including prescription of medications. Advanced physiotherapy practitioners (APPs) are well placed to provide this care in primary care. Physiotherapist independent prescribing remains novel, with the first prescribers qualifying in 2014. This feasibility trial aims to evaluate the feasibility, suitability and acceptability of assessing the effectiveness of independent prescribing by APPs for patients with LBP in primary care, to inform the design of a future definitive stepped-wedged cluster trial.Method and analysis(1) Trial component. An APP (registered prescriber) will complete the initial participant consultation. If prescription drugs are required within the multimodal physiotherapeutic context, these will be prescribed. Patient-reported outcome measures will be completed prior to initial assessment and at 6 and 12 weeks to assess feasibility of follow-up and data collection procedures. Accelerometers will be fitted for 7 days to assess physical activity, sedentary behaviour and feasibility of use. (2) Embedded qualitative component. A focus group and semistructured interviews will be used to evaluate the views and experiences of the participants and APPs respectively, about the feasibility, suitability and acceptability of the proposed full trial. A Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram will be used to analyse feasible eligibility, recruitment and follow-up rates. Descriptive analysis of the data will be completed to evaluate procedures. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse and synthesise the qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThis feasibility trial is approved by the Health Research Authority (HRA). Ethical approval was sought and granted via the Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) ID 250734.Data will be disseminated via publication in peer reviewed journal and conference presentation. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be used in conjunction with ethical evaluation, economic and risk analyses, as well as consultation with key stakeholders including the British health consumer when contemplating change, enhancement or redesign of the essential full randomised controlled trial.Trial registration numberISRCTN15516596, Pre-results.
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Landeiro, Filipa, Katie Walsh, Isaac Ghinai, Seher Mughal, Elsbeth Nye, Helena Wace, Nia Roberts, et al. "Measuring quality of life of people with predementia and dementia and their caregivers: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e019082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019082.
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IntroductionDementia is the fastest growing major cause of disability globally and may have a profound impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of both the patient with dementia and those who care for them. This review aims to systematically identify and synthesise the measurements of HRQoL for people with, and their caregivers across the full spectrum of, dementia from its preceding stage of predementia to end of life.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review was conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online , ExcerptaMedicadataBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and PsycINFO between January 1990 and the end of April 2017. Two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion and disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form following best practice. Study quality will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. HRQoL measurements will be presented separately for people with dementia and caregivers by instrument used and, when possible, HRQoL will be reported by disease type and stage of the disease. Descriptive statistics of the results will be provided. A narrative synthesis of studies will also be provided discussing differences in HRQoL measurements by instrument used to estimate it, type of dementia and disease severity.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic literature review is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. The findings of the review will be disseminated in a related peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. They will also contribute to the work developed in the Real World Outcomes across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum for better care: multimodal data access platform (ROADMAP).Trial registration numberCRD42017071416.
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Toscano, R., and P. Lyonnet. "Robustness analysis and synthesis of a multi-PID controller based on an uncertain multimodel representation." Computers & Chemical Engineering 31, no. 2 (December 2006): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2006.05.002.
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Punnoose, Anuj, Ori Weiss, Vikas Khanduja, and Alison B. Rushton. "Effectiveness of prehabilitation for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e031119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031119.
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IntroductionUndergoing major surgery can induce physical and functional decline. Prehabilitation programmes aim to improve physical fitness and function preoperatively and could enhance postoperative recovery and outcomes. Prehabilitation interventions have been utilised across a range of orthopaedic populations of all ages and can be multimodal in nature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of prehabilitation for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery including day surgery procedures. It will also investigate the components of prehabilitation to understand optimum duration and frequency of programmes.Methods/designSystematic review and meta-analysis designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. A comprehensive electronic search will be performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, PEDro and Cochrane CENTRAL databases in order to identify randomised control trials published between January 2000 to 25 March 2019. ISI Web of Science, System for information on grey literature and the European Union clinical trials registry will identify studies that are underway or unpublished. Two independent reviewers will carry out the searches, study selection (title and abstract and full text stages), data extraction, risk of bias assessment (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0) and evaluation of overall strength of evidence. Meta-analyses will be used for data which demonstrates homogeneity, otherwise a narrative synthesis will be performed for groups of studies of high heterogeneity (I2 >50%). The overall strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThis study raises no ethical issues. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of prehabilitation interventions and may assist clinicians in determining which components, duration, frequency and the method of delivery would form the most effective prehabilitation intervention for patients undergoing an orthopaedic surgical procedure. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019123268.
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Meyer-Lindenberg, A. "Neural Basis of Societal Risk for Mental Illness: Focus on Ethnic Minority Position and Racial Prejudice." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.118.
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Background Urban birth, urban living, and ethnic minority status are established risk factors for schizophrenia, but the mechanisms are unclear. Previous evidence suggests a causal role of social exposures and adverse experiences, but experimental evidence is scarce. Methods We combine multimodal neuroimaging with ecological momentary assessment, geolocation and geospatial analysis in an epidemiological longitudinal sample in Germany. Results We find that established risk factors converge on the perigenual cingulate-amygdala-ventral striatal pathway as shown by structural and functional imaging, supporting a role for the ventral-striatal system in psychosis risk. Using a combination of PET and fMRI data in migrants, we suggest a mechanistic link to psychosis by increased dopamine release and synthesis in striatum secondary to prefrontal dysregulation. Importantly, the regulatory system identified overlaps with that implicated in racial stereotyping and prejudice. Moreover, an experiment measuring information flow during an exchange between migrants and non-migrants indicates that during a trust interaction, cultural distance governs the exchange. Conclusions This work shows a convergent risk circuit related to minority position and migration that could guide primary prevention of schizophrenia through reduction of manifestation risk by contextual intervention. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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De Giuseppe, Tonia, Annalisa Ianniello, and Felice Corona. "The Transformativity of the Flipped Inclusion Model, between Anthropocentric Ergonomics of Social Capital, and Ecological-Systemic Empowerment." Information 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11080398.
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The use of information age technology favors pervasive communication exchanges and complex phenomenologies, which affect the production of knowledge and the permanent transformation of personalities and contexts, not always with a view to prosocial empowerment of differences. From the analysis of the liquid socio–psycho–educational frames explored in the research activated at the University of Salerno, the permanent need for a widespread media education emerges, to be rooted in a lifelong learning vision to achieve systemic inclusiveness. This is the basis of the epistemology of the existential design model Flipped Inclusion, promoted and tested at the University of Salerno, whose complex idiomatic phrase constitutes the integrated and complex synthesis of the multi-perspective and multimodal approach pursued by the model. In the exploratory–descriptive–transformative research underway since 2014, through blended learning, complex blended learning and with formal, non-formal and informal contexts, the design–organizational, algorithmic–computational architecture of flipped inclusion is experimented upon. The trend of data since 2014 confirms the educational value of the model, due to the positive impact relating to inclusiveness on personal styles and social contexts, hence the intention to continue research on larger samples.
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Leaviss, Joanna, Sarah Davis, Shijie Ren, Jean Hamilton, Alison Scope, Andrew Booth, Anthea Sutton, et al. "Behavioural modification interventions for medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: systematic reviews and economic evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 46 (September 2020): 1–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24460.
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Background The term ‘medically unexplained symptoms’ is used to cover a wide range of persistent bodily complaints for which adequate examination and appropriate investigations do not reveal sufficiently explanatory structural or other specified pathologies. A wide range of interventions may be delivered to patients presenting with medically unexplained symptoms in primary care. Many of these therapies aim to change the behaviours of the individual who may have worsening symptoms. Objectives An evidence synthesis to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of behavioural modification interventions for medically unexplained symptoms delivered in primary care settings was undertaken. Barriers to and facilitators of the effectiveness and acceptability of these interventions from the perspective of patients and service providers were evaluated through qualitative review and realist synthesis. Data sources Full search strategies were developed to identify relevant literature. Eleven electronic sources were searched. Eligibility criteria – for the review of clinical effectiveness, randomised controlled trials were sought. For the qualitative review, UK studies of any design were included. For the cost-effectiveness review, papers were restricted to UK studies reporting outcomes as quality-adjusted life-year gains. Clinical searches were conducted in November 2015 and December 2015, qualitative searches were conducted in July 2016 and economic searches were conducted in August 2016. The databases searched included MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO and EMBASE. Updated searches were conducted in February 2019 and March 2019. Participants Adult participants meeting the criteria for medically unexplained symptoms, including somatoform disorders, chronic unexplained pain and functional somatic syndromes. Interventions Behavioural interventions were categorised into types. These included psychotherapies, exercise-based interventions, multimodal therapies (consisting of more than one intervention type), relaxation/stretching/social support/emotional support, guided self-help and general practitioner interventions, such as reattribution. Evidence synthesis: a network meta-analysis was conducted to allow a simultaneous comparison of all evaluated interventions in a single coherent analysis. Separate network meta-analyses were performed at three time points: end of treatment, short-term follow-up (< 6 months since the end of treatment) and long-term follow-up (≥ 6 months after the end of treatment). Outcomes included physical and psychological symptoms, physical functioning and impact of the illness on daily activities. Economic evaluation: within-trial estimates of cost-effectiveness were generated for the subset of studies where utility values (or quality-adjusted life-years) were reported or where these could be estimated by mapping from Short Form questionnaire-36 items or Short Form questionnaire-12 items outcomes. Results Fifty-nine studies involving 9077 patients were included in the clinical effectiveness review. There was a large degree of heterogeneity both between and within intervention types, and the networks were sparse across all outcomes. At the end of treatment, behavioural interventions showed some beneficial effects when compared with usual care, in particular for improvement of specific physical symptoms [(1) pain: high-intensity cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBTHI) standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.54 [95% credible interval (CrI) 0.28 to 0.84], multimodal SMD 0.52 (95% CrI 0.19 to 0.89); and (2) fatigue: low-intensity cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBTLI) SMD 0.72 (95% CrI 0.27 to 1.21), relaxation/stretching/social support/emotional support SMD 0.87 (95% CrI 0.20 to 1.55), graded activity SMD 0.51 (95% CrI 0.14 to 0.93), multimodal SMD 0.52 (95% CrI 0.14 to 0.92)] and psychological outcomes [(1) anxiety CBTHI SMD 0.52 (95% CrI 0.06 to 0.96); (2) depression CBTHI SMD 0.80 (95% CrI 0.26 to 1.38); and (3) emotional distress other psychotherapy SMD 0.58 (95% CrI 0.05 to 1.13), relaxation/stretching/social support/emotional support SMD 0.66 (95% CrI 0.18 to 1.28) and sport/exercise SMD 0.49 (95% CrI 0.03 to 1.01)]. At short-term follow-up, behavioural interventions showed some beneficial effects for specific physical symptoms [(1) pain: CBTHI SMD 0.73 (95% CrI 0.10 to 1.39); (2) fatigue: CBTLI SMD 0.62 (95% CrI 0.11 to 1.14), relaxation/stretching/social support/emotional support SMD 0.51 (95% CrI 0.06 to 1.00)] and psychological outcomes [(1) anxiety: CBTHI SMD 0.74 (95% CrI 0.14 to 1.34); (2) depression: CBTHI SMD 0.93 (95% CrI 0.37 to 1.52); and (3) emotional distress: relaxation/stretching/social support/emotional support SMD 0.82 (95% CrI 0.02 to 1.65), multimodal SMD 0.43 (95% CrI 0.04 to 0.91)]. For physical functioning, only multimodal therapy showed beneficial effects: end-of-treatment SMD 0.33 (95% CrI 0.09 to 0.59); and short-term follow-up SMD 0.78 (95% CrI 0.23 to 1.40). For impact on daily activities, CBTHI was the only behavioural intervention to show beneficial effects [end-of-treatment SMD 1.30 (95% CrI 0.59 to 2.00); and short-term follow-up SMD 2.25 (95% CrI 1.34 to 3.16)]. Few effects remained at long-term follow-up. General practitioner interventions showed no significant beneficial effects for any outcome. No intervention group showed conclusive beneficial effects for measures of symptom load (somatisation). A large degree of heterogeneity was found across individual studies in the assessment of cost-effectiveness. Several studies suggested that the interventions produce fewer quality-adjusted life-years than usual care. For those interventions that generated quality-adjusted life-year gains, the mid-point incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranged from £1397 to £129,267, but, where the mid-point ICER fell below £30,000, the exploratory assessment of uncertainty suggested that it may be above £30,000. Limitations Sparse networks meant that it was not possible to conduct a metaregression to explain between-study differences in effects. Results were not consistent within intervention type, and there were considerable differences in characteristics between studies of the same type. There were moderate to high levels of statistical heterogeneity. Separate analyses were conducted for three time points and, therefore, analyses are not repeated-measures analyses and do not account for correlations between time points. Conclusions Behavioural interventions showed some beneficial effects for specific medically unexplained symptoms, but no one behavioural intervention was effective across all medically unexplained symptoms. There was little evidence that these interventions are effective for measures of symptom load (somatisation). General practitioner-led interventions were not shown to be effective. Considerable heterogeneity in interventions, populations and sparse networks mean that results should be interpreted with caution. The relationship between patient and service provider is perceived to play a key role in facilitating a successful intervention. Future research should focus on testing the therapeutic effects of the general practitioner–patient relationship within trials of behavioural interventions, and explaining the observed between-study differences in effects within the same intervention type (e.g. with more detailed reporting of defined mechanisms of the interventions under study). Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015025520. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 46. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Morozova, O. I., and O. S. Zeniakin. "DEGREES OF LATENCY OF ECOLOGICAL DISCOURSE AGENT (A CASE STUDY OF BRITISH ONLINE NEWSPAPERS)." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.235560.
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This article proposes a study of degrees of latency of the agent, which is a semantic role performed by a participant of the communicative situation described in a sentence; this role correlates with the instigator of the action. The agent can be expressed explicitly, so that everybody understands who the action is performed by, or in a hidden, latent way. Drawing on Goatly’s (2018) research which demonstrates that degrees of agent’s latency can vary, we modify his scale of latency by taking into consideration non-verbal (visual) means. A great societal concern for environmental issues around the globe nowadays, together with the ecolinguistic vector of this research account for its timeliness. The purpose of this research is to identify the degrees of latency of the agent of environmental discourse. Syntactic constructions, lexical units, and visual images that render the agent were chosen as the object-matter of analysis, while the degrees of latency – as its subject-matter. The methods comprise general scientific methods, such as induction and deduction, synthesis and analysis, observation and contrast, as well as linguistic methods proper: critical discourse analysis, semantic analysis, and multimodal analysis. The sample is selected from online versions of most widely read British newspapers, both broadsheets and tabloids, The Guardian and Metro respectively. A modified scale of degrees of agent’s latency is suggested, where six categories of linguistic means are differentiated according to the degree of their latency. Explicit predication is characterized by a zero degree of latency; its measure increases in grammatical constructions, tropes, nominalizations, ellipsis, and indefinite agent respectively. The prospects of this research lie in comparison and quantitative counts of the agent’s latency in different types of British media.
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Kienle, G. S., E. Ben-Arye, B. Berger, C. Cuadrado Nahum, T. Falkenberg, G. Kapócs, H. Kiene, D. Martin, U. Wolf, and H. Szöke. "Contributing to Global Health: Development of a Consensus-Based Whole Systems Research Strategy for Anthroposophic Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (November 12, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3706143.
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Background. Whole medicine and health systems like traditional and complementary medicine systems (T&CM) are part of healthcare around the world. One key feature of T&CM is its focus on patient-centered and multimodal care and the integration of intercultural perspectives in a wide range of settings. It may contribute to good health and well being for people as part of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The authentic, rigorous, and fair evaluation of such a medical system, with its inherent complexity and individualization, imposes methodological challenges. Hence, we propose a broad research strategy to test and characterize its possible contribution to health. Methods. To develop a research strategy for a specific T&CM system, Anthroposophic Medicine (AM), applying multimodal integrative healthcare based on a four-level concept of man, we used a three-phase consensus process with experts and key stakeholders, consisting of (1) premeeting methodological literature and AM research review and interviews to supplement or revise items of the research strategy and tailor them to AM research, (2) face-to-face consensus meetings further developing and tailoring the strategy, and (3) postmeeting feedback and review, followed by finalization. Results. Currently, AM covers many fields of medical specialties in varied levels of healthcare settings, such as outpatient and inpatient; primary, secondary, and tertiary care; and health education and pedagogy. It is by definition integrated with conventional medicine in the public healthcare system. It applies specific medicines, nursing techniques, arts therapies, eurythmy therapy, rhythmical massage, counseling, and psychotherapy, and it is provided by medical doctors, nurses, therapists, midwives, and nutritionists. A research strategy authentic to this level of complexity should comprise items with a focus on (I) efficacy and effectiveness, divided into (a) evaluation of the multimodal and multidisciplinary medical system as a whole, or of complex multimodal therapy concept, (b) a reasonable amount of methodologically rigorous, confirmatory randomized controlled trials on exemplary pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies and indications, (c) a wide range of interventions and patient-centered care strategies with less extensive formats like well-conducted small trails, observational studies, and high-quality case reports and series, or subgroup analyses from whole-system studies, or health service research; (II) safety; (III) economics; (IV) evidence synthesis; (V) methodologic issues; (VI) biomedical, physiological, pharmacological, pharmaceutical, psychological, anthropological, and nosological issues as well as innovation and development; (VI) patient perspective and involvement, public needs, and ethics; (VII) educational matters and professionalism; and (IX) disease prevention, health promotion, and public health. Conclusion. The research strategy extends to and complements the prevailing hierarchical system by introducing a broad “evidence house” approach to evaluation, something many health technology assessment boards today support. It may provide transparent and comprehensive insight into potential benefits or risks of AM. It can serve as a framework for an evidence-informed approach to AM for a variety of stakeholders and collaborating networks with the aim of improving global health.
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He, Zelai, Huijun Zhang, Hongwei Li, Yanyan Wang, Jing Qian, Xixi Cai, Li Sun, and Jingwen Huang. "Preparation, Biosafety, and Cytotoxicity Studies of a Newly Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Biodegradable Mesoporous Silica Nanosystem Based on Multimodal and Synergistic Treatment." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (November 4, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7152173.
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Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) often suffer relapse, and clinical improvements offered by radiotherapy and chemotherapy are modest. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been a topic of significant research in recent years, scientific developments have not yet translated to significant improvements for patients with TNBC. In view of these current clinical treatment shortcomings, we designed a silica nanosystem (SNS) with Nano-Ag as the core and a complex of MnO2 and doxorubicin (Dox) as the surrounding mesoporous silica shell. This system was coated with anti-PD-L1 to target the PD-L1 receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of tumor cells. MnO2 itself has been shown to act as chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and Dox is cytotoxic. Thus, the full SNS system presents a multimodal, potentially synergistic strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Given potential interest in the clinical translation of SNS, the biological safety and antitumor activity of SNS were evaluated in a series of studies that included physicochemical characterization, particle stability, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity. We found that the particle size and zeta potential of SNS were 94.6 nm and -22.1 mV, respectively. Ultraviolet spectrum analysis showed that Nano-Ag, Dox, and MnO2 were successfully loaded into SNS, and the drug loading ratio of Dox was about 10.2%. Stability studies found that the particle size of SNS did not change in different solutions. Hemolysis tests showed that SNS, at levels far exceeding the anticipated physiologic concentrations, did not induce red blood cell lysis. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments found that SNS did not activate platelets or cause coagulopathy and had no significant effects on the total number of blood cells or hepatorenal function. Cytotoxicity experiments suggested that SNS significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells by damaging cell membranes, increasing intracellular ROS levels, inhibiting the release of TGF-β1 cytokines by macrophages, and inhibiting intracellular protein synthesis. In general, SNS appeared to have favorable biosafety and antitumor effects and may represent an attractive new therapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Iskhakov, Almaz R. "Method of structural synthesis of a technical vision system for the problem of area measurement." Journal Of Applied Informatics 17, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2022-17-6-122-134.
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The article presents the results of a study of the problem of structural synthesis of a vision system and its parametric identification using a new method based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of modified descriptive image algebras. The theory of modified descriptive image algebras is a mathematical apparatus that allows one to formally describe the processing and analysis of images. In this mathematical apparatus, it is possible to describe the mathematical model of the measurement function of the technical vision system for the selected attribute of the observed object. To develop mathematical models, procedural and parametric transformations of images are used. Any mathematical model in the theory of modified descriptive image algebras has at least one variational parameter. In the course of parametric identification, it is required to calculate their values. This problem is multimodal and always has at least one solution. Numerical methods are usually used to solve the optimization problem. The article describes the algorithm for constructing a mathematical model for measuring the area using procedural and parametric transformations. The parametric identification problem is solved in the form of a nonlinear optimization problem. The visualization of the objective function has been carried out and recommendations for choosing the values of its variational parameters have been formulated. The collection of statistical data was carried out and a histogram was constructed, on the basis of which the distribution law for the measured value is selected. The statistical task of testing the hypothesis with the selected law of distribution of the general population according to the Pearson criterion is solved for a given level of significance. For the unknown parameters of the chosen distribution law, the estimation of confidence intervals was carried out. The materials of the article are applied in nature and have practical value. Using the proposed approach, it is possible to develop a measurement function for any feature of the observed object on a series of images.
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Raj Theeng Tamang, Madhav, Mhd Saeed Sharif, Ali H. Al-Bayatti, Ahmed S. Alfakeeh, and Alhuseen Omar Alsayed. "A Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Predict the Health Impacts of Commuting in Large Cities: Case Study of London." Symmetry 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050866.
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The daily commute represents a source of chronic stress that is positively correlated with physiological consequences, including increased blood pressure, heart rate, fatigue, and other negative mental and physical health effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate and predict the physiological effects of commuting in Greater London on the human body based on machine-learning approaches. For each participant, the data were collected for five consecutive working days, before and after the commute, using non-invasive wearable biosensor technology. Multimodal behaviour, analysis and synthesis are the subjects of major efforts in computing field to realise the successful human–human and human–agent interactions, especially for developing future intuitive technologies. Current analysis approaches still focus on individuals, while we are considering methodologies addressing groups as a whole. This research paper employs a pool of machine-learning approaches to predict and analyse the effect of commuting objectively. Comprehensive experimentation has been carried out to choose the best algorithmic structure that suit the problem in question. The results from this study suggest that whether the commuting period was short or long, all objective bio-signals (heat rate and blood pressure) were higher post-commute than pre-commute. In addition, the results match both the subjective evaluation obtained from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the proposed objective evaluation of this study in relation to the correlation between the effect of commuting on bio-signals. Our findings provide further support for shorter commutes and using the healthier or active modes of transportation.
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Jagerová, Adéla, Josef Flaks, Zdeněk Sofer, Marek Vronka, Alena Michalcová, and Anna Macková. "The synthesis of Au-NPs by ion implantation in the crystalline GaN and characterisation of their optical properties." EPJ Web of Conferences 261 (2022): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226101003.
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Nanostructured surfaces with embedded noble metal nanoparticles is an attractive way for manipulation with the optical properties of wide bandgap semiconductors applied in optoelectronics, photocatalytic processes or for Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Ion implantation offers an effective way for nanoparticle preparation without the use of additional chemicals that offers precise control of nanoparticle depth distribution. The aim of this study is a synthesis of the gold nanoparticles in GaN by implantation of 1.85 MeV Au ions with high fluences up to 7×1016 cm-2 and study of optical properties of Au implanted GaN. Implanted crystals were annealed at 800 °C in an ammonia atmosphere for 20 min to support Au nanoparticle creation and GaN recovery. The structure characterisation has been realized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channelling mode and it showed the formation of two separated disordered regions – the surface region and buried layer. The lower implantation fluences induce damage mainly in a buried layer; however, the increase of the Au-ion fluence leads to the increase of surface disorder as well. Further, the increase of the Au-ion fluence induces the Au dopant shift to the surface and multimodal Audepth profiles. TEM analyses confirmed the formation of Au nanoparticles in the implanted samples after annealing with sizes up to 14 nm. The increase of light absorption and modification of GaN bandgap of the Au modified GaN was deduced from the change in optical transmission spectra between 370 – 1400 nm.
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Bloudoff, Kristjan, Christopher D. Fage, Mohamed A. Marahiel, and T. Martin Schmeing. "Structural and mutational analysis of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase heterocyclization domain provides insight into catalysis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614191114.
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Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are a family of multidomain, multimodule enzymes that synthesize structurally and functionally diverse peptides, many of which are of great therapeutic or commercial value. The central chemical step of peptide synthesis is amide bond formation, which is typically catalyzed by the condensation (C) domain. In many NRPS modules, the C domain is replaced by the heterocyclization (Cy) domain, a homologous domain that performs two consecutive reactions by using hitherto unknown catalytic mechanisms. It first catalyzes amide bond formation, and then the intramolecular cyclodehydration between a Cys, Ser, or Thr side chain and the backbone carbonyl carbon to form a thiazoline, oxazoline, or methyloxazoline ring. The rings are important for the form and function of the peptide product. We present the crystal structure of an NRPS Cy domain, Cy2 of bacillamide synthetase, at a resolution of 2.3 Å. Despite sharing the same fold, the active sites of C and Cy domains have important differences. The structure allowed us to probe the roles of active-site residues by using mutational analyses in a peptide synthesis assay with intact bacillamide synthetase. The drastically different effects of these mutants, interpreted by using our structural and bioinformatic results, provide insight into the catalytic mechanisms of the Cy domain and implicate a previously unexamined Asp-Thr dyad in catalysis of the cyclodehydration reaction.
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Koshkareva, Natalya Vladimirovna. "Semantics of literary-textual sources in polyphonic works for a cappella chorus by the Russian composers of the late XX – early XXI centuries." Философия и культура, no. 2 (February 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2022.2.37510.
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This article aims to determine a close "polyphonic" connection between lyrics and music in choral music. The subject of this research is the synergism of literary-textual sources and polyphonic form. The object of this research is the consideration of polyphonic works for a cappella chorus by the contemporary Russian composers. Using the synthesis of research methods, which includes musicology, poetics and choral studies, the author reveals the parameters of a musical composition: literary-textual source and musical form. Detailed analysis is conducted on the dialectical interaction of constructive and destructive formants of the architectonics of musical form of polyphonic compositions for chorus. Special attention is given to differentiation of the structure of the literary-textual source and attribution of the polyphonic forms of motet, madrigal, fugue, and fugato. The main conclusion lies in the paradigm of artistic correlations between the literary and musical text as paralinguistic means that are the bearers of heterogeneous information and add additional colors to the content of the composition. Emphasis is placed on the need to explore the problematic associated with the architectonics of modern choral composition, substantiated not only by the general artistic-historical potential of choral culture, but its crucial importance for modern musical art as well. The novelty lies in the analysis of polyphonic forms of a cappella choral works as multimodal texts, synthesizing the scientific achievements of linguistics and musicology. The author’s special contribution consists in examination of the compositions for a cappella chorus of A. Koroleva and Y. Evgrafov that have not previously been the object of special research, and their introduction to modern scientific discourse.
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Dong, Xuan Xuan, Lei Zhang, and Jian Fu. "Laser-Induced Thermal Bubble-Mixing on a Microfluidic Platform for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 2197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2197.
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This paper discusses the study of the multimode evolution of microfiber taper and its potential application of micromixer in the lab-on-a-chip. By using numerical simulation, multimode interference effects are demonstrated in the taper transition of a micro-nano fiber. Due to the leaked optical energy gasifies the solution surrounding the taper and produces air bubbles, the laminar flow effect is destroyed with the help of disturbance of air bubble and two solutions are mixed quickly. Therefore, it will be used in microfluidic platform for chemical analysis & testing, chemical synthesis and environmental monitoring.
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Likholetov, Valeriy V., and Asat G. Abdullin. "The Problem of Personal Security: An Analysis of Basic Concepts and Approaches to Modeling." Integration of Education 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.108.026.202203.483-502.
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Introduction. The problem of security is extremely relevant for humanity as a whole and for the individual in particular. It is closely connected, for a person, with the main concepts – “life” and “death”, is interdisciplinary and the key to all arts and a huge number of sciences. However, the largely isolated development of their thesauri and model tools led to the formation of very eclectic conceptual and model apparatuses, exacerbated the problem of generalization (conceptual synthesis) and reduction in the dimension of the problem field. The purpose of the work is to analyze the basic concepts and model tools of the problem field of personal security. Materials and Methods. Systematic and interdisciplinary approaches and methods were applied: analysis and conceptual synthesis; analogy and transfer of knowledge; generalized method of qualitative structures; modeling, including the idea of multimodel descriptions and model games when used for these purposes, adequate to the reality of the collision of opposing models. In the case of insufficient evidence to confirm the hypotheses put forward at specific levels of the system hierarchy, we carried out the transition to the super system, as required by the conclusion following from the proofs of Kurt Gödel’s well-known theorems “On incompleteness”. Results. When understanding the problem of the security of the personality of a multidimensional person, the benefits of the transfer of knowledge and meaningful procedures, according to generalizations of concepts. Using the concept of “personality” as an example, the effectiveness of using the GMQS by I. M. Kalinauskas – B. V. Shmakov for the purposes of conceptual synthesis. The prospects of a multi-model description of the vast problem field of personal security by opposing models and model games of the type of “Life Strategy of a Creative Personality” by G. S. Altshuller – I. M. Vertkin. It is hypothesized that the current problem of “identity depersonalization” in thesauri and modeling, as well as the design and construction of multi-aspect systems for ensuring the personal safety of people in the future, can be removed in the process of creating their individual model “digital twins”. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research contributes to the development of ideas about the scale and depth of the problematic field of personal security. The materials of the article will be useful to a wide range of researchers and practitioners engaged in research and solving not only the aggravated “eternalˮ problems, but also new problems of ensuring the security of an individual that arise in the conditions of digitalization of the life of modern society.
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Ribes, Aurélien, Soulivanh Thao, and Julien Cattiaux. "Describing the Relationship between a Weather Event and Climate Change: A New Statistical Approach." Journal of Climate 33, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 6297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0217.1.
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AbstractDescribing the relationship between a weather event and climate change—a science usually termed event attribution—involves quantifying the extent to which human influence has affected the frequency or the strength of an observed event. In this study we show how event attribution can be implemented through the application of nonstationary statistics to transient simulations, typically covering the 1850–2100 period. The use of existing CMIP-style simulations has many advantages, including their availability for a large range of coupled models and the fact that they are not conditional to a given oceanic state. We develop a technique for providing a multimodel synthesis, consistent with the uncertainty analysis of long-term changes. Last, we describe how model estimates can be combined with historical observations to provide a single diagnosis accounting for both sources of information. The potential of this new method is illustrated using the 2003 European heat wave and under a Gaussian assumption. Results suggest that (i) it is feasible to perform event attribution using transient simulations and nonstationary statistics, even for a single model; (ii) the use of multimodel synthesis in event attribution is highly desirable given the spread in single-model estimates; and (iii) merging models and observations substantially reduces uncertainties in human-induced changes. Investigating transient simulations also enables us to derive insightful diagnostics of how the targeted event will be affected by climate change in the future.
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Carlson, Rolf, and Björn Granström. "Data-driven multimodal synthesis." Speech Communication 47, no. 1-2 (September 2005): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2005.02.015.
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SHKURENKO, O., and M. PEREPICHKO. "STUDY OF OPTIONS FOR TRANSPORT PROVISION OF PRODUCTION INTEGRATION IN THE "PORT-INDUSTRIAL PARK" SYSTEM." Transport systems and transportation technologies, no. 24 (January 20, 2023): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/tstt2022/272068.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the structure of costs according to possible variants of transport provision in the "port - industrial park" system, as a basis for further optimization of the relevant transportation processes. The Methodology. To achieve the outlined goal, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition were used, namely: system analysis and synthesis, generalization to characterize the current state and trends of further development of the "port-industrial park" system; graph-analytical - for visual presentation and graphical interpretation of statistical data. The results. International sea freight transportation is one of the profitable, reliable, safe and most popular transportation of large consignments of all types of cargo due to the fact that they provide high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, ergonomics of sea transport, operational transshipment procedures, access to all parts of the world with the presence of ports, etc. It has been proven that the industrial park will ensure the development of a modern industrial complex in the seaport with developed engineering and transport infrastructure, warehouse and administrative premises. On the basis of the analysis, the main directions for solving the tasks of transport support for the industrial integration of the "port - industrial park" system are identified, namely, the optimization of the transport and technological infrastructure; efficient use of port infrastructure; optimization of transport costs. In order to identify the cost structure according to the possible variants of transport support in the "port - industrial park" system, the possible variants of the transport and technological equipment of the "port - industrial park" system are presented in the form of a diagram, and the formula for calculating the costs for the delivery of a unit of cargo is given for the industrial park. Scientific novelty. The authors substantiated the expediency of the creation and functioning of the "port-industrial park" system, identified the cost structure for possible transport options for industrial integration in the "port-industrial park" system. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to increase the efficiency of multimodal freight transportation management.