Journal articles on the topic 'Multimaterial 3 D printing process'
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Giddens, Henry, and Yang Hao. "Multibeam Graded Dielectric Lens Antenna From Multimaterial 3-D Printing." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 68, no. 9 (September 2020): 6832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2020.2978949.
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Konarova, Muxina, Waqas Aslam, Lei Ge, Qing Ma, Fengqiu Tang, Victor Rudolph, and Jorge Norberto Beltramini. "Enabling Process Intensification by 3 D Printing of Catalytic Structures." ChemCatChem 9, no. 21 (September 25, 2017): 4132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201700829.
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Hogade, Prof Hemant. "Investment Casting Using FDM 3-D Printing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 4216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45967.
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Abstract: The earliest casting method is investment casting, which dates back to roughly 3500 BC. Precision casting and near net form are two applications. Product demand is increasing in India and around the world. The use of simulation and rapid prototyping techniques in the investment casting process improves quality while reducing lead time and cost. However, as complexity increases, the traditional sand casting technique has limits, one of which is the expensive expense of equipment to make moulds and cores. These limitations can be solved by using a 3D printer, which offers the distinct advantage of geometric freedom. A polycast design is created in the precise shape of the item to be cast in this project. A refractory ceramic substance has been applied to this pattern. The metal is flown through a mould that is linked to the tree. The accuracy and surface finish of the models and castings were also assessed in order to provide a comparison. It has a significant impact on part quality (surface finish, dimensional correctness, strength, and longevity), as well as lead time and cost. In terms of remote pattern manufacture, it offers a lot of potential
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Merkle, Thomas, Reiner Gotzen, Joo-Young Choi, and Stefan Koch. "Polymer Multichip Module Process Using 3-D Printing Technologies for D-Band Applications." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 63, no. 2 (February 2015): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2014.2387823.
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Garg, A., Jasmine Siu Lee Lam, and M. M. Savalani. "Laser power based surface characteristics models for 3-D printing process." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 29, no. 6 (November 28, 2015): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-015-1167-9.
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Haidar, Nataliia, Ganna Zavolodko, and Pavlo Pustovoitov. "PROCESS OF 3D PRINTING IN ONLINE EDUCATION." Advanced Information Systems 6, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2022.1.18.
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The subject of the review is methodology of the subsystem verification and printing 3 D -model online learning system mixed type. To do this, a review of analogues, technologies, stages of printing were identified. Due to the development of technology, the educational process is being transformed. Education uses blended learning, part of which is distance learning. The object of research is use of additive technologies, which can make the learning process more motivating. Thus, if in distance education there is an opportunity to develop a 3D model online, check it for fidelity, send the model to print, it optimizes the learning process. The aim is to design with IP topics that uses the additive technologies in the educational process. Methods used: IDEF- diagram describing the function of the system; authentication rules, verification of 3 D models, sending the model to print, selecting a device online, and basic screen forms. Conclusions. The development of innovative thinking in higher education students should become a priority of modern higher education, and the introduction of new elements in modern education is inevitable. And given the development of 3D printing technologies, additive technologies are the most promising for the use of visualization in online and mixed teaching.
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Gräbner, Daniel, Simon Dödtmann, Gerrit Dumstorff, and Frieder Lucklum. "3-D-printed smart screw: functionalization during additive fabrication." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-143-2018.
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Abstract. Integrating sensors into machine parts is a necessary step for the development of smart or intelligent components. Sensors integrated into materials such as concrete, fiber compounds, or metals are already used to measure strain, temperature, or corrosion. The integration is mostly done during fabrication, where the sensor is recast in the material during processing. However, approaches to integrate sensors into parts fabricated by additive manufacturing are still rarely found. Especially in the case of rapid prototyping, additive techniques are already substituting the machining of parts using classical technologies like cutting, drilling and milling. To characterize such 3-D-printed machine parts the direct integration of sensing elements is the next logical step. This can be done in multi-material printing by using insulating, magnetic, and conductive materials. In the case of single material printing, our idea is to integrate a sensing element during the printing process itself. As proof-of-concept, we present the functionalization of 3-D-printed screws. Strain gauges screen-printed on a 6 µm thick foil are interposed into the 3-D part during microstereolithography printing. We measure the torsional strain in the screw head to calculate the prestressing force in screws made from different plastic materials. We also analyze the defect effect by comparing it to screws without integrated elements.
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Garg, A., and Jasmine Siu Lee Lam. "Measurement of environmental aspect of 3-D printing process using soft computing methods." Measurement 75 (November 2015): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.04.016.
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zhao, Che, Luquan Ren, Zhengyi Song, Linhong Deng, and Qingping Liu. "Structure-driven biomimetic self-morphing composites fabricated by multi-process 3-D printing." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 123 (August 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.04.030.
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Nilsiam, Yuenyong, Paul Sanders, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Slicer and process improvements for open-source GMAW-based metal 3-D printing." Additive Manufacturing 18 (December 2017): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.10.007.
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Cheng, Yih-Lin, Chih-Hsuan Chang, and Chunliang Kuo. "Experimental study on leveling mechanism for material-jetting-type color 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2018-0227.
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Purpose The material-jetting-type (MJ) 3-D printing technology has advantages in resolution and color printing. During the printing process, a leveling technique is needed to precisely control the thickness and flatness of each layer. Roller-type leveling mechanism has been adopted in commercial MJ 3-D printers, but it is lack of research on roller leveling process parameters and establishing experimental procedures. Therefore, in this study, a roller-type leveling mechanism for a MJ color 3 D printer was developed, and experimental approaches were utilized to determine process parameters. Design/methodology/approach The roller-type leveling mechanism was chosen to provide functions of flattening and removal of excess material. The parameters studied were roller speed and rotational direction. Surface roughness, Ra, of printed single-layered specimens was measured at 15 locations for plane roughness and along five lines for line roughness to evaluate the leveling results. Adopting suitable parameters, color samples with and without leveling were printed for comparison and verification. Findings According to plane roughness results, forward rotation achieved better leveling. Plane roughness was the major criteria to determine roller speed with the assistance of standard deviation of line roughness. The best parameters of the self-developed MJ color 3-D printer were found to be rolling forward at 1,100 rpm. In addition, printed color samples showed great improvement in surface roughness with leveling and no obvious color mixing after leveling. Research limitations/implications Leveling is important to achieve desired layer thickness, smooth surface and good color quality in color 3-D printing. For MJ 3-D printing, only patents were revealed regarding roller design, but paper publications have not been presented. This research practically proposed to use experimental approach to understand the effects of roller operating parameters and to find the suitable ones based on surface roughness results. Practical implications This research established the experimental procedures and also suggested guidelines of experimentally obtaining suitable roller leveling process parameters. Developers can refer to this study results to design and adjust leveling mechanism in a new MJ 3-D printer. Originality/value The experimental approach can be applied to similar MJ 3-D printing systems if different materials are introduced or the platform speed is changed. The observed trends suggested several guidelines to plan limited experiments only to obtain suitable roller process parameters.
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İpekçi, Ahmet, and Bülent Ekici. "Experimental and statistical analysis of robotic 3D printing process parameters for continuous fiber reinforced composites." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 19 (February 23, 2021): 2645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998321996425.
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3D printing technology has gradually taken its place in many sectors. However, expected performance cannot be obtained from the structural parts with this method due to the raw material properties and constraints of Cartesian motion systems. This technology cannot replace structural parts produced by traditional manufacturing methods. In order to avoid these constraints, it is preferred to use continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites in many areas such as automotive and aerospace industries due to their low weight and high specific strength properties. These automated composite manufacturing methods currently have limited production of geometric shapes due to the need for additional molds and production as flat surfaces. To overcome all these constraints, fiberglass reinforced ultraviolet ray-curing polymer matrix composite material are selected for robotic 3 D printing process and various parameters are examined. Fiber-polymer combination and layer structure formation was examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of sections of 3 D printed test samples were taken and fiber resin curing was examined. The nozzle diameter, printing speed, fiber density and Ultra Violet (UV) light intensity parameters, which will provide effective 3 D printing process, are optimized with the Taguchi method. Tensile strength, flexural strength and izod impact values are considered as result parameters for optimization. It was found that it would be appropriate for 3D printing with a 1.0 mm nozzle diameter, 600 tex fiber density, 4 UV light, 600 mm/min printing speed. With these 3D printing process parameters, approximately 125 MPa tensile strength and 450 MPa flexural strength can be obtained. With this study, support and contribution was provided to researchers, composite producers, tool manufacturer and literature who want to use and develop this 3D printing process.
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Yamamoto, Brennan E., A. Zachary Trimble, Brenden Minei, and Mehrdad N. Ghasemi Nejhad. "Development of multifunctional nanocomposites with 3-D printing additive manufacturing and low graphene loading." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 383–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718759390.
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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling is an additive manufacturing (AM) process commonly used for geometric modeling and rapid prototyping of parts called three-dimensional (3-D) printing. Commonly used thermoplastic materials in FFF 3-D printing AM are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). However, these materials exhibit relatively low strength and toughness. Therefore, it is desirable to improve various properties of thermoplastics in 3-D printing AM by employing nanotechnology. The combination of 3-D printing and nanotechnology opens new venues for the manufacture of 3-D engineered materials with optimized properties and multifunctionality (e.g. mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties). Hence, in this work, the multifunctional property improvement effects of graphene oxide (GO) on thermoplastic materials suitable for 3-D printing AM are investigated. Low loading of GO with carboxyl and hydroxyl surface functional groups is incorporated into thermoplastic materials suitable for 3-D printing AM by a special mixing technique. ABS is chosen in this study due to its availability. Graphene nanosheets are employed to improve the properties of the developed nanocomposites by 3-D printing AM. GO is chosen to improve the dispersion of graphene nanosheets into the thermoplastic system to increase their interfacial adhesion. A multifunctional property improvement is observed in the developed nanocomposite with less than 0.1 wt% GO. Employing ASTM standard tests, it was found that at a very small loading of 0.06% by weight, GO could improve the properties of the thermoplastic in terms of strength, strain-to-failure, and toughness, while maintaining the stiffness, rendering the developed nanocomposites suitable for various applications of static and dynamic loading. GOs are now commercially available at low prices. At such low loadings, these graphene-type materials become economically feasible components of nanocomposites.
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Tino, Rance, Adam Yeo, Martin Leary, Milan Brandt, and Tomas Kron. "A Systematic Review on 3D-Printed Imaging and Dosimetry Phantoms in Radiation Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381987020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819870208.
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Introduction: Additive manufacturing or 3-dimensional printing has become a widespread technology with many applications in medicine. We have conducted a systematic review of its application in radiation oncology with a particular emphasis on the creation of phantoms for image quality assessment and radiation dosimetry. Traditionally used phantoms for quality assurance in radiotherapy are often constraint by simplified geometry and homogenous nature to perform imaging analysis or pretreatment dosimetric verification. Such phantoms are limited due to their ability in only representing the average human body, not only in proportion and radiation properties but also do not accommodate pathological features. These limiting factors restrict the patient-specific quality assurance process to verify image-guided positioning accuracy and/or dose accuracy in “water-like” condition. Methods and Results: English speaking manuscripts published since 2008 were searched in 5 databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science). A significant increase in publications over the 10 years was observed with imaging and dosimetry phantoms about the same total number (52 vs 50). Key features of additive manufacturing are the customization with creation of realistic pathology as well as the ability to vary density and as such contrast. Commonly used printing materials, such as polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, high-impact polystyrene and many more, are utilized to achieve a wide range of achievable X-ray attenuation values from −1000 HU to 500 HU and higher. Not surprisingly, multimaterial printing using the polymer jetting technology is emerging as an important printing process with its ability to create heterogeneous phantoms for dosimetry in radiotherapy. Conclusion: Given the flexibility and increasing availability and low cost of additive manufacturing, it can be expected that its applications for radiation medicine will continue to increase.
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Broughton, Kimberly K., Bonnie Y. Chien, Derek S. Stenquist, Caroline Williams, Christopher P. Miller, and John Y. Kwon. "3-D Generated Anatomic Custom Talar Cement Spacers: A Technical Tip and Literature Review." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00120.
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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Hindfoot; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Three dimensional printing is an actively emerging field within the realm of medical devices. This technology expands therapeutic options and customization of implants to individual patients. The ability to create products that replicate normal bony anatomy has been a significant advancement in the setting of difficult clinical scenarios. 3-D generated, custom implants increase the potential for joint and limb salvage with the goal of improving functional outcomes. We present a technical tip for utilizing 3-D printing technology to create custom, anatomically-matched antibiotic cement spacers for limb- salvage applications. We present two illustrative cases and share our experiences, lessons learned, and a succinct review of the pertinent literature merging 3-D printing and the use of antibiotic cement as temporary and permanent reconstructive solutions. Methods: While the majority of 3-D printing is done for the purpose of generating devices for implantation, we present a technical tip for designing a 3-D printed mold from which to create an antibiotic cement spacer for implantation. Two case illustrations demonstrate comorbid patients presenting with infected implants, osteomyelitis, bone loss, deformity and wound dehiscense. We describe the process of patient selection, implant design, fabrication, and implantation of a custom molded antibiotic cement talus for the purpose of limb salvage. Results: Case illustrations present two successful limb salvage patients while giving a thorough explanation of our technique, learned tips and tricks. This applied technology builds on prior use of antibiotic cement in limb salvage of the lower extremity, most of which is joint sacrificing. 3-D printing the mold for an anatomic talus cement spacer results in a joint sparing limb salvage solution. Conclusion: Utilization of currently available 3-D printing technology as applied to production of anatomic cement spacers should be considered to enhance limb salvage. This innovative application of printing technology is merged with current, pertinent literature regarding antibiotic cement to offer surgeons expanded options for temporary or definitive reconstructive techniques in some of the most challenging patients.
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Zhao, Chenfei, Jun Wang, and Lini Lu. "Preparation and application of water-based nano-silver conductive ink in paper-based 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2020-0112.
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Purpose In flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy. Design/methodology/approach The researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Findings The experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions. Originality/value In this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.
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Renn, Michael J., Bruce H. King, Michael O'Reilly, Jeff S. Leal, and Suzette K. Pangrle. "Aerosol Jet® Printing of High Density, 3-D Interconnects for Multi-Chip Packaging." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 002131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-tha15.
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Optomec's patented Aerosol Jet technology is a maskless, non-contact material deposition system used to enable 3-dimensional semiconductor packaging. This presentation highlights results of printing high density, 3-D interconnects on stacked die modules which incorporate video, communication and memory chips. Such packages are critical for meeting the increasing functional requirements of SmartPhones, personal entertainment, and other mobile devices. The Aerosol Jet system is used to deposit silver nanoparticle ink connections along the staircase sidewall of staggered multi-chip die stacks. High aspect ratio interconnects with 30-micron line width and greater than 10-micron line height are demonstrated at a pitch of 61-microns. After printing, the silver inks are cured at ~200°C for ~30 minutes, which gives interconnect resistances below one-Ohm (< 5 micron Ohm*cm). The stacks can include up to 8 die, with a total stack height below 1 mm. The printing system has a working distance of several mm which means that no Z-height adjustments are required for the interconnect printing. Multiplexed print nozzles are used to achieve production throughputs of greater than two interconnects per second per nozzle. Based on cost and functional advantages, the Aerosol Jet process is emerging as an effective alternative to traditional wire bond and through-silicon-via (TSV) technologies.
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Shen, Hongyao, Wangzhe Du, Weijun Sun, Yuetong Xu, and Jianzhong Fu. "Visual Detection of Surface Defects Based on Self-Feature Comparison in Robot 3-D Printing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010235.
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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing technology is widely applied in recent years. However, there are many defects that may affect the surface quality, accuracy, or even cause the collapse of the parts in the printing process. In the existing defect detection technology, the characteristics of parts themselves may be misjudged as defects. This paper presents a solution to the problem of distinguishing the defects and their own characteristics in robot 3-D printing. A self-feature extraction method of shape defect detection of 3D printing products is introduced. Discrete point cloud after model slicing is used both for path planning in 3D printing and self-feature extraction at the same time. In 3-D printing, it can generate G-code and control the shooting direction of the camera. Once the current coordinates have been received, the self-feature extraction begins, whose key steps are keeping a visual point cloud of the printed part and projecting the feature points to the picture under the equal mapping condition. After image processing technology, the contours of pictured projected and picture captured will be detected. At last, the final defects can be identified after evaluation of contour similarity based on empirical formula. This work will help to detect the defects online, improve the detection accuracy, and reduce the false detection rate without being affected by its own characteristics.
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Han, Lei, Gang Wang, Lin Zhang, Weixu Jiang, Pengbing Zhao, Wei Tang, Tao Dang, and Hongxing Zheng. "Tightly Coupled Ultra-Wideband Phased-Array Implemented by Three-Dimensional Inkjet Printing Technique." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203320.
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In order to enhance the gains from antennas suitable for airplane-mounted platforms, a tightly coupled antenna array is investigated in this paper. Specifically, a three-dimensional (3-D) inkjet printing technique is used to implement the conformal characteristics needed for the array. Both the radiators and substrate of the antenna array have been fabricated by combining the fused deposition modeling and microdroplet injection molding technologies, based on an existing 3-D printer. Here, through a unique combination of 3-D and 2-D inkjet printing of dielectric material and metallic ink, respectively, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated design for a nonplanar antenna for the first time. The antenna measurements herein show the complete characterization of this new process in terms of minimum feature size and achievable conductivities. This antenna configuration offers a high-gain performance with a low-cost and rapid fabrication technique by using 3-D printing techniques. To check our design, the voltage standing wave ratio and radiation patterns were tested after adding the newly designed feed structure. The results show that the design process is very efficient. Both the antenna element and the array demonstrate positive properties and are in very good agreement with the specially mounted platform.
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Talyosef, Orly. "Perspectives on BIM-Based 3D Printing for Sustainable Buildings." Architext 9 (2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/architext/9/3.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also called additive manufacture (AM), is a novel, automated method of printing a structure layer-by-layer directly from a 3D digital design model. Its potential ability to build complex shapes in a less costly and more sustainable manner may revolutionize the construction industry. There are three main 3D printing techniques: (a) contour crafting; (b) concrete printing, and (c) D-shape. As a disruptive technology, 3D printing creates a new market and value network, thus disturbing the established market. Building information modeling (BIM) is a comprehensive management approach encompassing the entire life cycle of the architecture and construction (A&C) process, including architectural planning, geometrical data, scheduling, material, equipment, resource and manufacturing data, and post-construction facility management. By maintaining safety and productivity in large-scale digital processes, BIM is critical to 3D printing’s success in construction. Integrating BIM and 3D printing techniques into A&C can potentially lead to an ecological architectural process that reduces waste and energy inefficiency, and prevents injuries and fatalities on construction sites, while increasing productivity and quality. This paper examines BIM-based 3D printing of sustainable buildings, which may revolutionize the construction industry and contribute to a sustainable environment
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Magare, Nayan, and M. S. Harne. "Parametric Investigation of FDM Process Parameter on Impact Strength of 3D-Printed Part." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47741.
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Abstract: The method of producing three-dimensional solid items from digital data is known as additive manufacturing (AM), sometimes known as 3-D printing. A rapidly expanding additive manufacturing technique with several applications is fused deposition modeling (FDM). In this study, we investigate how the orientation, infill pattern, and density of the infill affect the impact strength of the ASTM D-256 specimens. A 3- printer with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament material has been used in this study. To evaluate the impact strength of the printed object and represent their quality, an ASTM D256 specimen standard has been used. The various parameters for the experiment were selected using OVAT analysis. With the help of a design of experiments (DOE) using Taguchi's L9 Array along with infill pattern, orientation, and density, the operational dependence is examined. When analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to identify the relevant 3D printing process parameter it is shows that orientation and infill pattern are most significant parameters for impact strength.
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Idris Shuhada and Desmira Desmira. "KECEPATAN PROSES CETAK MOTOR DC MESIN OUTDOOR TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA PT. SEMBURAT LENTERA SEMESTA." Jurnal Universal Technic 1, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58192/unitech.v1i2.42.
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Outdoor Digital Printing Machine is a printing machine or digital printing machine whose printouts are intended for outdoors and are weather-resistant, both hot, sunlight and rain. Outdoor machines use a special type of ink, namely solvent ink. The principle of the outdoor machine itself is to print the design results that were previously in the computer. To drive an outdoor machine requires expertise and understanding in its use and there is a mode of acceleration of the printing process on an outdoor machine whose acceleration of the printing process is not yet known, where the acceleration of the printing process can affect consumer satisfaction. This study aims to 1) Knowing about Digital Print Tools as well as. 2) Knowing the use of Outdoor Digital Printing Machines. 3) Knowing the print speed of the outdoor machine. 4) Knowing the percentage of customer satisfaction. The research method used is the R&D method. By using the R&D method, the results obtained to determine the speed of the outdoor engine on the printhead motor with LOW mode have a speed of 124 m/s, MIDELL mode has a speed of 161 m/s, while HIIGH mode has a speed of 241 m/s. s. The results obtained to determine consumer satisfaction with the speed of the print rate through the time of using the machine using the Guttman scale, namely the overall process time of the outdoor digital printing printing machine on customer satisfaction has a conformity, which is indicated by the percentage of answers "Yes" an average of 75%.
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Woern, Aubrey, and Joshua Pearce. "3-D Printable Polymer Pelletizer Chopper for Fused Granular Fabrication-Based Additive Manufacturing." Inventions 3, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3040078.
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Although distributed additive manufacturing can provide high returns on investment, the current markup on commercial filament over base polymers limits deployment. These cost barriers can be surmounted by eliminating the entire process of fusing filament by three-dimensional (3-D) printing products directly from polymer granules. Fused granular fabrication (FGF) (or fused particle fabrication (FPF)) is being held back in part by the accessibility of low-cost pelletizers and choppers. An open-source 3-D printable invention disclosed here allows for precisely controlled pelletizing of both single thermopolymers as well as composites for 3-D printing. The system is designed, built, and tested for its ability to provide high-tolerance thermopolymer pellets with a number of sizes capable of being used in an FGF printer. In addition, the chopping pelletizer is tested for its ability to chop multi-materials simultaneously for color mixing and composite fabrication as well as precise fractional measuring back to filament. The US$185 open-source 3-D printable pelletizer chopper system was successfully fabricated and has a 0.5 kg/h throughput with one motor, and 1.0 kg/h throughput with two motors using only 0.24 kWh/kg during the chopping process. Pellets were successfully printed directly via FGF as well as indirectly after being converted into high-tolerance filament in a recyclebot.
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Khona, Nilesh Bharat. "Design and Fabrication of Arduino Based Flexible Manufacturing Process on the Desk: 3D Printing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44427.
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Abstract: Rapid prototyping technology also referred to as additive manufacturing or 3D printing, which can be used to create physical objects from geometrical representation by successive addition of materials in layer-by-layer form. 3D printing technology is the fastest emerging technology used to make work easier. It can be used in a wide range of materials such as PLA, ABS, HIPS & composite. 3D printing is a rapidly growing and very perfectly cost optimized form of rapid prototyping. 3D printing technology is appreciable in future challenges for mass production. This type of printing is anticipated to influence the industries like Medical, Education, Equipment, Automation, consumer Products and various businesses. The process adopted by us is FDM technology, in which different materials like ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene), etc. By heating any of the filament material to its melting point, it is deposited layer by layer. Combining many layers of such a type will give us a final 3D model. This project explains the layout, improvement and production of a 3D printing system which could produce a high give up fine product at a completely low price. This 3-D printing project can be used in various fields like Rapid Prototyping, instructional zone, residence-keep printing purposes, industrial 3D Printing offerings and retailers
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Thakkar, Rishi, Amit Raviraj Pillai, Jiaxiang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Vineet Kulkarni, and Mohammed Maniruzzaman. "Novel On-Demand 3-Dimensional (3-D) Printed Tablets Using Fill Density as an Effective Release-Controlling Tool." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091872.
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This research demonstrates the use of fill density as an effective tool for controlling the drug release without changing the formulation composition. The merger of hot-melt extrusion (HME) with fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3-dimensional (3-D) printing processes over the last decade has directed pharmaceutical research towards the possibility of printing personalized medication. One key aspect of printing patient-specific dosage forms is controlling the release dynamics based on the patient’s needs. The purpose of this research was to understand the impact of fill density and interrelate it with the release of a poorly water-soluble, weakly acidic, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) matrix, both mathematically and experimentally. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ibuprofen with three grades of AquaSolveTM HPMC-AS (HG, MG, and LG) were developed using an HME process and evaluated using solid-state characterization techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and polarized light microscopy (PLM) confirmed the amorphous state of the drug in both polymeric filaments and 3D printed tablets. The suitability of the manufactured filaments for FDM processes was investigated using texture analysis (TA) which showed robust mechanical properties of the developed filament compositions. Using FDM, tablets with different fill densities (20–80%) and identical dimensions were printed for each polymer. In vitro pH shift dissolution studies revealed that the fill density has a significant impact (F(11, 24) = 15,271.147, p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation (r > −0.99; p < 0.0001) with the release performance, where 20% infill demonstrated the fastest and most complete release, whereas 80% infill depicted a more controlled release. The results obtained from this research can be used to develop a robust formulation strategy to control the drug release from 3D printed dosage forms as a function of fill density.
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Zichner, R., and R. R. Baumann. "3-D transponder antennas for future SHF RFID applications." Advances in Radio Science 9 (December 8, 2011): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-9-401-2011.
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Abstract. The radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is omnipresent since a few years. Some of the most popular fields of application are the use for security tasks, for logistics and for the consumer segment. For example, chip card or key ring sized RFID transponders can allow wireless access to secured rooms. The number of applications for wireless data transmission for the identification and tracking of objects increases every year. There is a large development need for highly functional and inexpensive RFID transponders due to the ever-increasing demand on improved reliability, higher data rates and read and write ranges of the RFID systems. Therefore, research was performed on new 3-D transponder antennas for the Super High Frequency Band around 5.8 GHz. Additionally, wave propagation effects and the influence of different dielectric environments were considered. Parallel to the design of the novel antenna structures, the printing process for inexpensive manufacturing was investigated. The gained results are the basis for prospective RFID applications.
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Chambers, James A., Kenneth P. Seastedt, and Jocelyn Raymundo-Grinstead. "An Example of 3-D Printing for Expeditionary Medicine: The Air Force Retractor." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (April 11, 2020): e565-e567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz449.
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Abstract Introduction Future challenges for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) include operating in a contested environment against near-peer adversaries. Providing casualty care in an anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) region would be potentially challenged by impaired logistical ability to reconstitute supplies or adapt to evolving needs. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, offers an ability to regenerate stocked items as well as modify them or even create novel products de novo. Materials and Methods This article discusses relevant technology and applications for deployed medical forces. Additionally, as proof of concept, we outline our design process for a novel 3D-printed surgical retractor. Results Our “Air Force Retractor” prototype highlights the potential of using AM to create or augment surgical instruments downrange. Conclusions This paper encourages further investigation of the use of AM/3D printing downrange to create surgical instruments and medical supplies in austere, A2/AD, and other logistically challenging environments. Not only would this support regeneration of supplies, but also modification and even creation of novel products to adapt to changing needs. If 3D files could be created of common surgical instruments for print on designated resins downrange, and FDA approval obtained, an online library of files could be created for easy access to DoD members across the globe to support our nation’s commitment to provide the best possible care for service members any time, any place.
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Chen, Yi Ping, and Ming Der Yang. "Micro-Scale Manufacture of 3D Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.936.
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3D printing as additive manufacturing enables to give concept proposers and designers a great possibility of producing physical parts and concept models at acceptable cost during a short time. Such technology is quite distinct from traditional machining techniques adopting subtractive process. The purpose of this study is to briefly describe new micro-scale manufacture utilizing a series of process of 3D printing, including 3D modeling, 3D model slicing, printing, and products. Especially, 3D modeling is one of major components in 3D printing process and becomes a barrier to entry the business of micro-scale manufacture for everyone with a 3-D printer. This paper introduces two low-cost approaches to generate 3D models, including active and passive approaches. 3D scanning as an active approach allows the replication of real objects without the need of moulding techniques. On the other hand, image-based modeling as a passive is an alternative of un-touch model reconstruction without a threat of destructive impact to the modeled object. Also, a statue in gypsum was made by a 3D printer based on a digital 3D model generated through the low-cost active approach for demonstration.
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Meister, Frederic, Jochen Mück, Andrea Hohmann, and Christian Seidel. "Automatisiertes Nesting in additiven Prozessketten/Production planning and control for additive series production – Automated Nesting in additive process chains." wt Werkstattstechnik online 112, no. 04 (2022): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2022-04-48.
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Im Vergleich zur konventionellen Fertigung ist der schichtweise Bauteilaufbau der additiven Fertigung durch eine höhere Flexibilität gekennzeichnet. Die auch als 3D-Druck bezeichneten additiven Fertigungsverfahren erlauben die Herstellung mehrerer unterschiedlicher Komponenten in einem Bau- beziehungsweise Druckvorgang. Im Rahmen der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung gilt es daher, eine ressourcenoptimierte Zusammenstellung für die Bauvorgänge zu ermitteln. Compared to conventional manufacturing, the layer-upon-layer principle of additive manufacturing is characterized by greater flexibility. The additive manufacturing processes, also known as 3-D printing, enable the production of several different components in a single printing process. In the context of production planning and control, it is therefore necessary to determine a resource-optimized composition for the build processes.
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Pakvasa, Mikhail, Hannes Prescher, Bryce Hendren-Santiago, Tony Da Lomba, Nicholas McKenzie, Courtney Orsbon, Zachary Collier, Richard Ramirez-Garcia, Isabella Gomez, and Russell R. Reid. "An Easy-to-Use Protocol for Segmenting and 3-D Printing Craniofacial CT-Images Using Open-Source Software." FACE 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27325016211072286.
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Introduction: Stereolithography, also known as 3D printing (3DP), is a versatile and useful technology with many healthcare applications. While 3DP has gained tremendous popularity, it remains a daunting and perceptibly time-consuming process for the inexperienced user, with most turning to commercially printed products. Commercial vendors are expensive. We propose that 3DP is feasible for the inexperienced user with the appropriate knowledge and tools. Methods: A 3DP protocol was created for model design and printing using open-source software and a low-cost desktop printer. It was betatested by 3 inexperienced users. The fidelity of the protocol was then tested in direct comparison to industry models made for 3 patients undergoing mandibular distraction osteogenesis, using standard cephalometric measurements. Results: All inexperienced testers were able to successfully create a 3D model using the easy-to-follow protocol without the use of any other resources. The models were created in a mean time of 170 minutes. All cephalometric measurements on the open-source printed models were equal to within 0.5 to 1.0 mm of the respective industry models. Conclusions: As the 3DP process is simplified and desktop printers and materials become more affordable, we anticipate that its implementation will become more commonplace. We describe a step-by-step, protocol using open-source software and affordable materials to create 3D models.
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Sebastian, Tutu, Miriam Bach, Andreas Geiger, Tony Lusiola, Lucjan Kozielski, and Frank Clemens. "Investigation of Electromechanical Properties on 3-D Printed Piezoelectric Composite Scaffold Structures." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 5927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14205927.
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Piezoelectric composites with 3-3 connectivity gathered attraction due to their potential application as an acoustic transducer in medical imaging, non-destructive testing, etc. In this contribution, piezoelectric composites were fabricated with a material extrusion-based additive manufacturing process (MEX), also well-known under the names fused deposition modeling (FDM), fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition ceramics (FDC). Thermoplastic filaments were used to achieve open and offset printed piezoelectric scaffold structures. Both scaffold structures were printed, debinded and sintered successfully using commercial PZT and BaTiO3 powder. For the first time, it could be demonstrated, that using the MEX processing method, closed pore ferroelectric structure can be achieved without pore-former additive. After ceramic processing, the PZT scaffold structures were impregnated with epoxy resin to convert them into composites with 3-3 connectivity. A series of composites with varying ceramic content were achieved by changing the infill parameter during the 3D printing process systematically, and their electromechanical properties were investigated using the electromechanical aix PES device. Also, the Figure of merit (FOM) of these composites was calculated to assess the potential of this material as a candidate for transducer applications. A maximum for the FOM at 25 vol.% of PZT could be observed in this study.
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Collins, P. C., C. V. Haden, I. Ghamarian, B. J. Hayes, T. Ales, G. Penso, V. Dixit, and G. Harlow. "Progress Toward an Integration of Process–Structure–Property–Performance Models for “Three-Dimensional (3-D) Printing” of Titanium Alloys." JOM 66, no. 7 (June 3, 2014): 1299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1007-y.
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Dombrowski, F., P. W. Garcia Caso, M. W. Laschke, M. Klein, J. Günster, and Georg Berger. "3-D Printed Bioactive Bone Replacement Scaffolds of Alkaline Substituted Ortho-Phosphates Containing Meta- and Di-Phosphates." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.138.
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The paper presented here deals with the investigations of orthophosphates (Q0) containing none or differing amounts of meta-(Q2) and diphosphate phases (Q1) for the use of 3-dimensional printing process in order to create porous, bioactive, nonloadbearing bone replacement scaffolds. The main ceramic phase in all cases is Ca10[K/N(PO4)7 hereinafter called 401545(100) consisting of 99,9% Q0 and 0,1% Q1-phase. The other phosphate ceramics i) 401545(40) consists of 75% Q0-phase, 22% Q1-phase and 4% Q2-phase ii) 401545(15) consists of 65% Q0-phase, 33% Q1-phase and 2% Q2-phase iii) 401545consists of 56% Q0-phase, 40% Q1-phase and 4% Q2-phase. The in-house produced ceramics where crushed and sieved to achieve particles of irregular shape in the range of 45-90µm. These powders show a quite good flowability and were used to generate cylindrical samples with a diameter of 5,5mm and a height of 11mm via 3-dimensional printing using a R1 printer from ProMetal company (USA). After drying the samples at T=125°C for 48 hours they were sintered at temperatures according to the thermal analysis results in the range of 900°C up to 1300°C. Afterwards the porosity, the linear shrinkage and the compressive strength were determined.
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Roesch, Michael, Carolin Roesch, and Daniel J. Cziczo. "Dry particle generation with a 3-D printed fluidized bed generator." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 6 (June 2, 2017): 1999–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1999-2017.
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Abstract. Here we describe the design and testing of PRIZE (PRinted fluidIZed bed gEnerator), a compact fluidized bed aerosol generator manufactured using stereolithography (SLA) printing. Dispersing small quantities of powdered materials – due to either rarity or expense – is challenging due to a lack of small, low-cost dry aerosol generators. With this as motivation, we designed and built a generator that uses a mineral dust or other dry powder sample mixed with bronze beads that sit atop a porous screen. A particle-free airflow is introduced, dispersing the sample as airborne particles. Total particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured during different stages of the assembling process to show that the SLA 3-D printed generator did not generate particles until the mineral dust sample was introduced. Time-series measurements with Arizona Test Dust (ATD) showed stable total particle number concentrations of 10–150 cm−3, depending on the sample mass, from the sub- to super-micrometer size range. Additional tests with collected soil dust samples are also presented. PRIZE is simple to assemble, easy to clean, inexpensive and deployable for laboratory and field studies that require dry particle generation.
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Warsi, Musarrat H., Mohammad Yusuf, Majed Al Robaian, Maria Khan, Abdul Muheem, and Saba Khan. "3D Printing Methods for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Opportunity and Challenges." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 42 (March 20, 2019): 4949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666181206121701.
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Background: A recently FDA approved 3D printed drug is paving a path for new pharmaceutical manufacturing era. The 3D printing is a novel approach of producing 3D pharmaceuticals from digital designs, in a layer-by-layer fashion. However, traditional manufacturing of drug products is being carried out from decades with well-established manufacturing processes and with well approved regulatory guidelines but these processes are too obsolete in concern of process aptitude and manufacturing flexibility. On the other hand, 3D printing provides a competitive flexibility in terms of personalized drug dosage forms with complex geometries that will be made on-demand with desired drug release kinetics, hence providing the formulator a substantial provision of improvising the safety and efficacy of the drugs. Furthermore, this novel 3D technology allows tailoring of composite tissue scaffolds and sample models for characterization that closely mimic in-vivo simulations. Nevertheless, certain limitations are there in terms of regulatory aspects hindering the launch of 3DP products in the market. Methods: Exhaustive search were made on Google Scholar and PubMed databases concerning 3-D printing methods, drug delivery applications, and past to present evolution of personalized medicine. Results: Although a high magnitude of progress have been made on 3-D printing techniques in a short span of time, still inkjet, nozzle-based deposition, stereolithography and selective laser sintering techniques are the most popular ones. Their application is adapted in the fabrication of tablets, implants, polypills and nanoparticles. Conclusion: 3D printing is revolutionizing the pharma expectations towards customized medicines but still there is a need to explore the aspects of cost, flexibility and bioequivalence. The present review provides a comprehensive account of various 3D printing technologies and highlights the opportunities and key challenges of 3D printing relevant to pharmaceuticals.
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Yang, Xue Ling, Di Wang, and Dong Man Yu. "Development and Application of Four Typical Rapid Prototyping Technologies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 160 (March 2012): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.160.165.
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Rapid prototyping (RP) is an advanced manufacturing technology and has obtained widely application in recent years. RP technology can be used to machine complex physical part directly from CAD data without any cutter or technical equipments. A variety of new rapid manufacturing technologies have emerged and developed include Stereo Lithography (SL), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), and Three Dimensional Printing (3-D Printing). The paper summaries the working principle and discusses the application fields for four typical rapid prototyping technologies. Finally, the significant performance of rapid prototyping for modern industry is discussed. The investigation is beneficial for choosing an optimal forming process in industry.
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Beev, Aues A., S. Yu Khashirova, and D. A. Beeva. "Aromatic Polyester Ketones and Methods of their Microcapsulation." Materials Science Forum 935 (October 2018): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.935.70.
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This paper presents the results of researches on determination of possibility of obtaininga method of microcapsulation of powders polyetheretherketone and sopolyetherketones spherical shape, recommended for use in 3 D printing. Determined the concentration dependence of the diameters of the particles capsulated polyetheretherketone during the process in different environments. It is shown that the bulk density of capsulated samples is 8-10 times higher than non-capsulated ones.
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Cao, Ying Yu, Hui Qi Gong, and Peng Gao. "Modal Analysis Based on UG and ANSYS for Wide-Format Inkjet Printing Machine." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.319.
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The wide-format inkjet printing machine is a typical electromechanical integration equipment, whose designing process is difficult,and it has high requirements for the design process and the reliability.ANSYS modal analysis is a modern analysis method for the dynamic characteristics,which is used to determine the vibration characteristics of the designing structure and the machine parts.3-D modeling software UG was applied for three-dimensional solid modeling of the wide-format inkjet printers.The vibration characteristics of the machine could be gotten by the ANSYS modal analysis of the model built in UG.The analysis result could be used to test whether the design agency would resonance with the environment ,resulting in further mechanism modification to ensure the system stability.
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Adzhamskiy, S. V., G. А. Kononenko, and R. V. Podolskyi. "Influence of SLM-process parameters on the formation of the boundaries of parts of heat-resistant nickel alloy Inconel 718." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no. 6 (2021): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.06.105.
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We consider the improvement is considered of the modes of selective laser melting technology based on the design model to reduce the level of residual stresses and prevent deviations in the geometry of the part. Simulation results are presented on a universal voxel structure and a simplified object to predict metal behavior depending on the specific energy density in the region of the boundaries of a metal part made of Inconel 718. An experiment was carried out to study the influence of different strategies and process modes on the curvature of parts as a result of the effect of residual stresses in order to minimize them. Printing was carried out on a 3-D printer "Alfa-150" (LLC "ALT Ukraine") at constant power (P, W) and distance between tracks (d, mm) in each zone (up-skin, down-skin, in - skin) with a change in the speed (V, mm / s) of the laser beam movement, as well as a different pattern of sample growth by 3-D printing with 67 degrees rotation of each new layer relative to the previous one. To identify defects and deviations from the original model to the solid (sample), metallographic analysis was performed using optical microscopy (Carl Zeiss AXIOVERT 200M). It was found that the simulation of printing processes, performed on the Magics platform by breaking the model into a voxel structure, allows an analytical assessment of stresses and strains. Analysis of the appearance of the prototypes showed that the best down-skin indicators are formed at a power of 80 W and a specific energy density (40 ... 38 J / mm3). By using the 67 degrees staggered printing strategy at the optimum specific energy density, it is possible to minimize the residual internal stresses leading to distortion of the product. In the future, the results can be supplemented by studies of the effect of residual stresses of compressive forces when exposed to a laser beam at constant applied power. Using a computational model that allows calculating the residual stresses during the deposition of the next layer, depending on the speed of the laser, the power and the distance between the applied tracks, it is possible to obtain high-precision parts with specified properties. The adaptation of the model, which allows us to obtain a quantitative estimate of the residual thermal stresses depending on the speed of movement and the laser power for the Inconel 718 heat-resistant alloy, has been carried out. Optimal modes have been determined to minimize these stresses and reduce the curvature of the part.
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Nissi Kumar, N., P. Sai Tharun, K. Prakash, L. M. N. Mythresh, and Naga Jyoshna. "Robot ARM with Gesture Control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2325, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2325/1/012012.
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Abstract The efficiency of work flow is constrained in human-inaccessible regions, such as high radiation exposure un power plants and defenses. The notion for a low-cost microcontroller-based robotic arm is presented in this research. The gesture is controlled by an accelerometer and a microprocessor in this robotic arm. In the field, where there are higher radiation concerns, this arm will assist in activities such as gripping things and wirelessly remote-controlled working of gadgets. The use of 3-D printing of an arm for prosthetic replacements can enhance this process.
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Sethi, Shreya, Rajat Tumane, and Anupama Panghal. "3D PRINTING IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES -A PATHWAY TO INNOVATIONS." Journal of Global Economy 14, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v14i4.498.
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Food processing industry is high innovation demanding industry. Innovation when supported by technology shows significant success. Three dimensional (3D) printing is a technology which is getting introduced in food processing industry and is emerging as a great tool for innovations. 3D food printing is a process of creating food products by successive layering. A 3D food could be customized and personalised according to the wish of the consumers to provide a nutritious option and the best quality of food.3 D Printing technology has shown its remarkable progress in various sectors, but its application in food processing sector is yet at naive stages. The technology nowadays is being widely investigated in food sector for past few years and has surfaced multiple advantages like providing customized and personalised food, improving the nutrition intake among people, improving the food supply chain and moving forward towards mass customization of food. For now 3D food printing is used in military and space food, for elderly people, confectionary industries as well as in savoury sector. In Indian market, it has entered recently in the confectionary sector. This paper is a conceptual study about applications of 3D printing in food sector as well as role of 3D printing in food supply chain. This paper is an effort towards reflecting the present status and future dimensions of possible applications of 3D printing technology in processed food sector. There exists a lot of research gap in this domain which may be seen as a potential area for future interventions. This paper also discusses the pros and cons of 3D printing machines and how can it be of help in the future.
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Caminero, Miguel Ángel, Ana Romero, Jesús Miguel Chacón, Pedro José Núñez, Eustaquio García-Plaza, and Gloria Patricia Rodríguez. "Additive manufacturing of 316L stainless-steel structures using fused filament fabrication technology: mechanical and geometric properties." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2020-0120.
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Purpose Fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique using metal filled filaments in combination with debinding and sintering steps can be a cost-effective alternative for laser-based powder bed fusion processes. The mechanical behaviour of FFF-metal materials is highly dependent on the processing parameters, filament quality and adjusted post-processing steps. In addition, the microstructural material properties and geometric characteristics are inherent to the manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to characterize the mechanical and geometric performance of three-dimensional (3-D) printed FFF 316 L metal components manufactured by a low-cost desktop 3-D printer. The debinding and sintering processes are carried out using the BASF catalytic debinding process in combination with the BASF 316LX Ultrafuse filament. Special attention is paid on the effects of build orientation and printing strategy of the FFF-based technology on the tensile and geometric performance of the 3-D printed 316 L metal specimens. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a toolset of experimental analysis techniques [metallography and scanning electron microcope (SEM)] to characterize the effect of microstructure and defects on the material properties under tensile testing. Shrinkage and the resulting porosity of the 3-D printed 316 L stainless steel sintered samples are also analysed. The deformation behaviour is investigated for three different build orientations. The tensile test curves are further correlated with the damage surface using SEM images and metallographic sections to present grain deformation during the loading progress. Mechanical properties are directly compared to other works in the field and similar additive manufacturing (AM) and Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) manufacturing alternatives from the literature. Findings It has been shown that the effect of build orientation was of particular significance on the mechanical and geometric performance of FFF-metal 3-D printed samples. In particular, Flat and On-edge samples showed an average increase in tensile performance of 21.7% for the tensile strength, 65.1% for the tensile stiffness and 118.3% for maximum elongation at fracture compared to the Upright samples. Furthermore, it has been able to manufacture near-dense 316 L austenitic stainless steel components using FFF. These properties are comparable to those obtained by other metal conventional processes such as MIM process. Originality/value 316L austenitic stainless steel components using FFF technology with a porosity lower than 2% were successfully manufactured. The presented study provides more information regarding the dependence of the mechanical, microstructural and geometric properties of FFF 316 L components on the build orientation and printing strategy.
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Liu, Mengjing, Sun-Wai Chiang, Xiaodong Chu, Jia Li, Lin Gan, Yanbing He, Baohua Li, Feiyu Kang, and Hongda Du. "Polymer composites with enhanced thermal conductivity via oriented boron nitride and alumina hybrid fillers assisted by 3-D printing." Ceramics International 46, no. 13 (September 2020): 20810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.05.096.
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Shang, Jianzhong, Xin Li, Zhuo Wang, Rong Wang, and Hong Zhu. "Rheological and printable behavior of resin – class materials for 3D printing applications." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2016-0183.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate rheological and extrusion behavior of thermosetting epoxy resins, which to find the universal property and printing parameters for extrusion-based rapid prototyping applications. Design/methodology/approach The thickener proportion greatly influences its viscosity and rheological behavior and therefore plays an important role in the shape of the cross-section of the extrudate. Findings A pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) is a basic requirement for obtaining extruded lines with plump cross-sections. In addition to the effects of the rheological behavior of the composite, shape maintenance and its wettability on the substrate, the cross-sectional geometry of the extrudate is also strongly affected by printing process parameters including the extrusion nozzle height, nozzle moving speed, extrusion rate and critical nozzle height. Proper combinations of these process parameters are necessary to obtain single-line extrudates with plump cross-sections and 3-D objects with dimensional accuracy, uniform wall thickness, good wall uprightness and no wall slumping. Formulas and procedures for determining these extrusion parameters are proposed and demonstrated in experiments. Originality/value The results obtained have been explained in terms of the interactions among the rheological properties of the composite, the shear rate imposed on the composite during extrusion, the wettability of the composite on the substrate and the shape maintenance of the composite during extrusion.
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Shen, Hongyao, Xiaoxiang Ye, Guanhua Xu, Linchu Zhang, Jun Qian, and Jianzhong Fu. "3D printing build orientation optimization for flexible support platform." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2018-0252.
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Purpose During the 3D printing process, the model needs to add a support structure to ensure structural stability. Excessive support structure reduces printing efficiency and results in material cost. A flexible support platform for 3 D printing has been designed. It can form an external support structure to replace the original support structure. This paper aims to study the influence of a model’s build orientation on properties when the model is printed on the platform, aiming to provide users with suitable solutions. Design/methodology/approach A fitness function for estimating the support structure with a support length is constructed. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is modified and applied to find the build orientation that minimizes the support structure. However, when the model is printed on the platform, the build orientation of the minimum support structure enhances the complexity of the working path, resulting in an increase of printing time, which needs to be avoided. This paper applies a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to minimize the support structure while minimizing printing time. The Pareto solution is obtained by the algorithm. Findings It is found that the model that has the cantilever structure can reduce more support structure after optimization on the platform, when there is surface quality requirement. When there is no limit, the modified algorithm can minimize the support structure of each model. Considering support structure and printing time, the MOPSO algorithm can easily get optimization results to guide the practical work. Originality/value This paper optimizes the model’s build orientation on the flexible support platform by PSO, thereby reducing material cost and improving work efficiency.
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Dumamika, Tione Afifaya, and Mochammad Sigit Ramadhan. "PENGAPLIKASIAN TEKNIK BLOCK PRINTING DENGAN MATERIAL KAYU BEKAS KEBAKARAN HUTAN KALIMANTAN BARAT PADA PAKAIAN READY TO WEAR." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 10, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v10i2.27154.
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Block printing is a technique of producing images repeatedly on a surface that produces original and unique work because it was done manually. However, as time goes by, block printing is still less well known and less developed in Indonesia. In addition to the newly used wood, block printing plates can be replaced by various alternative materials, such as wood from forest fires. Unfortunately, wood from forest fires often has no selling value and can only be used as charcoal or firewood by the surroundingcommunity. This research aims to find a solution to utilize and increase the value of unused forest fires wood into block printing plates. The author was inspired to use forest fires wood as a block printing plate to increase the artistic and economic value of wood and give a new image to the surface of textiles and fashion products. This research was carried out using qualitative research methods in the form of observations made by observing the condition of wood from forest fires directly; literature studies areobtained from several journals, books, and articles; also, experiments consisting of initial, advanced, and selected experiments. The products produced from this research are sheets of cloth and a collectionof ready-to-wear clothing.Keywords: block printing, wood residue, fashion. AbstrakBlock printing adalah teknik memproduksi gambar secara berulang pada suatu permukaan yang menghasilkan karya orisinil dan unik, karena dilakukan secara manual. Tetapi seiring berjalannya waktu, block printing masih kurang dikenal dan kurang berkembang di Indonesia. Bahan untukmembuat plat cetak block printing dapat diganti dengan berbagai material alternatif, seperti kayu bekas kebakaran hutan. Kayu bekas kebakaran hutan seringkali sudah tidak memiliki nilai jual dan hanya dapat dijadikan arang atau kayu bakar oleh masyarakat sekitar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitumendapatkan solusi untuk memanfaatkan dan meningkatkan nilai kayu bekas kebakaran hutan yang sudah tidak terpakai menjadi plat cetak block printing. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka penulis terinspirasi untuk menggunakan kayu bekas kebakaran hutan sebagai plat cetak block printing agar dapat menaikkan nilai seni dan ekonomi kayu, juga dapat memberikan image baru pada permukaan tekstil dan produk fashion. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif berupa observasi yang dilakukan dengan cara mengamati langsung kondisi kayu bekas kebakaran hutan, studi literatur mengenai topik penelitian didapatkan dari beberapa jurnal, buku, dan artikel, dan eksperimen yang terdiri dari beberapa percobaan eksplorasi awal, lanjutan dan terpilih. Produk yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini berupa lembaran kain dan koleksi pakaian ready to wear.Kata Kunci: block printing, kayu bekas, fashion. Authors:Tione Afifaya Dumamika : Universitas TelkomMochammad Sigit Ramadhan : Universitas Telkom References:Adi, S. P., Susanti, N., & Panggabean, M. N. R. (2020). Cetak Tinggi dan Pengaplikasiannya (I. G. N. T. Marutama & M. K. M. Saat (eds.); 1st ed.).Surakarta: UNS Press.Dumamika, Tione Afifaya. (2021). “Pengaplikasian Teknik Block Printing dengan Material Kayu Bekas Kebakaran Hutan”. Hasil DokumentasiPribadi: 1 Januari s.d 30 Oktober 2021, Kalimantan Barat.Eskak, E., & Sumarno. (2016). Peningkatan Nilai Tambah pada Cacat Batang Kayu dengan Kreasi Seni. Dinamika Kerajinan Dan Batik, 33(2),133–144.Ganguly, D., & Amrita. (2013). A Brief Studies On Block Printing Process In India. Man-Made Textiles in India, 41(6), 197–203.Kafka, F. J. (1973). Batik, Tie Dyeing, Stenciling, Silk Screen, Block Printing: The Hand Decoration of Fabrics. USA: Dover Publications.Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Mengubah Limbah Kayu Hutan Rawa Gambut Bekas Kebakaran Menjadi Arang Kompos dan Cuka Kayu. www.menlhk.go.id (diakses tanggal 24 April 2021).Lestari, S. B. (2014). Fashion sebagai Komunikasi Identitas Sosial di Kalangan Mahasiswa. Ragam Jurnal Pengembangan Humaniora, 14(3), 225–238.Media Indonesia. (2019). Olah Limbah Kayu, Solusi Atasi Pembakaran Lahan. www.mediaindonesia.com. (diakses tanggal 24 April 2021).Needleman, D. (2018). The Ancient Art of Jaipur Block Printing, and What It Means to India. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/18/t-magazine/block-print-jaipur-india.html (diakses tanggal 1 Mei 2021).Puspitawati, S., & Ramadhan, M. S. (2019). Pengaplikasian Teknik Block Printing Dengan Inspirasi Motif Dari Kebudayaan Suku Baduy. ATRAT: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 7(3), 205–214. https://jurnal.isbi.ac.id/index.php/atrat/article/download/925/695Qodriyatun, S. N. (2014). Kebijakan Penanganan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan. Info Singkat Kesejahteraan Sosial, VI(06), 9–12.Rahman, D. (2017). Seni Grafis Indonesia Kembali ke “Jalan Masif”. Brikolase, 9(2), 90–97.Rohani. (2017). Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini Melalui Media Bahan Bekas. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.30870/jpppaud.v4i2.4653.Safitri, R., & Rachmat, G. (2016). Studi Kelayakan Kayu Bekas Landasan Peti Kemas sebagai Elemen Interior Lepas. ATRAT: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 4(3). 243-252.SiPongi Karhutla Monitoring Sistem. (2020). Rekapitulasi Luas Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan (Ha) Per Provinsi Di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2021. www.sipongi.menlhk.go.id (diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2020).The Kindcraft. (2020). Introduction to Indian Block Printing: Anokhi Museum in Jaipur India. www.thekindcraft.com (diakses tanggal 22 Desember 2020).Trisnawati, T. Y. (2016). Fashion sebagai Bentuk Ekspresi Diri dalam Komunikasi. Jurnal The Messenger, 3(2), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v3i2.268.Waddell, G. (2004). How Fashion Works: Couture, Ready-to-Wear and Mass Production. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(09), 00-00.
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Novak, James I., and Jonathon O’Neill. "A design for additive manufacturing case study: fingerprint stool on a BigRep ONE." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2018-0278.
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Purpose This paper aims to present new qualitative and quantitative data about the recently released “BigRep ONE” 3 D printer led by the design of a one-off customized stool. Design/methodology/approach A design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) framework was adopted, with simulation data iteratively informing the final design. Findings Process parameters can vary manufacturing costs of a stool by over AU$1,000 and vary print time by over 100 h. Following simulation, designers can use the knowledge to inform iteration, with a second variation of the design being approximately 50 per cent cheaper and approximately 50 per cent faster to manufacture. Metrology data reveal a tolerance = 0.342 per cent in overall dimensions, and surface roughness data are presented for a 0.5 mm layer height. Research limitations/implications Led by design, this study did not seek to explore the full gamut of settings available in slicing software, focusing predominantly on nozzle diameter, layer height and number of walls alongside the recommended settings from BigRep. The study reveals numerous areas for future research, including more technical studies. Practical implications When knowledge and techniques from desktop 3 D printing are scaled up to dimensions measuring in meters, new opportunities and challenges are presented for design engineers. Print times and material costs in particular are scaled up significantly, and this study provides numerous considerations for research centers, 3 D printing bureaus and manufacturers considering large-scale fused filament fabrication manufacturing. Originality/value This is the first peer-reviewed study involving the BigRep ONE, and new knowledge is presented about the practical application of the printer through a design-led project. Important relationships between material volume/cost and print time are valuable for early adopters.
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Jiang, Shenglong, Guangxin Liao, Dingding Xu, Fenghua Liu, Wen Li, Yuchuan Cheng, Zhixiang Li, and Gaojie Xu. "Mechanical properties analysis of polyetherimide parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling." High Performance Polymers 31, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317752822.
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Polyetherimide (PEI) is a kind of high-performance polymer, which possesses a high glass transition temperature ( Tg), excellent flame retardancy, low smoke generation, and good mechanical properties. In this article, PEI was applied in the fused deposition modeling (FDM)–based 3-D printing for the first time. The entire process from filament extrusion to printing was studied. It was observed that the filament orientation and nozzle temperature were closely related to the mechanical properties of printed samples. When the nozzle temperature is 370°C, the mean tensile strength of FDM printing parts can reach to 104 MPa, which is only 7% lower than that of injection molded parts. It can be seen that the 0° orientation set of samples show the highest storage modulus (2492 MPa) followed by the 45° samples, and the 90° orientation set of samples show the minimum storage modulus (1420 MPa) at room temperature. The above results indicated that this technique allows the production of parts with adequate mechanical performance, which does not need to be restricted to the production of mock-ups and prototypes. Our work broke the limitations of traditional FDM technology and expanded the types of material available for FDM to the high-temperature engineering plastics.
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Królewski, Krzysztof, Aleksandra Wieloszyńska, Aleksandra Maria Kamińska, and Katarzyna Kardacz. "Optical properties of daylight curable resin doped with nanodiamond powder." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i3.930.
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In this paper creating optical elements with the use of 3D printing technology was elaborated on. A special focus was put on the properties of nanodiamond and possibilities of applying it in 3D printing process in a mixture with the standard 3D printing resin. Several printouts have been completed, starting from the calibration printouts and ending with optical flats and both cylindrical and spherical lenses. The printouts have been tested for their abilities to transmit and absorb light in a wide spectrum of wavelengths. Full Text: PDF ReferencesL. Ding, R. Wei, and H. Che, Development of a BIM-based automated construction system, Procedia Engineering 85, 123-131 (2014). CrossRef L. Fang, T. Chen, R. Li, S. Liu, Application of embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in monitoring health to 3D printing structures, IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(17), 6604-6610 (2016). CrossRef G. B. Kim, S. Lee, H. Kim, D. H. Yang, Y. H. Kim, Y. S. Kyung, et al., Three-dimensional printing: basic principles and applications in medicine and radiology, Korean Journal of Radiology, 17(2), 182-197 (2016). CrossRef J. W. Stansbury, M. J. Idacavage, 3D printing with polymers: Challenges among expanding options and opportunities, Dental Materials, 32(1), 54-64 (2016). CrossRef G. H. Wu, S. H. Hsu, Polymeric-based 3D printing for tissue engineering, Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 35(3), 285-292 (2015). CrossRef https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=6973&tabname=N-BK7 DirectLink https://www.thorlabs.com/images/TabImages/UVFS_Transmission_780.gif DirectLink U. Kalsoom, A. Peristyy, P. N. Nesterenko, B. Paull, A 3D printable diamond polymer composite: a novel material for fabrication of low cost thermally conducting devices, RSC Advances, 6(44), 38140-38147 (2016). CrossRef K. M. El-Say, Nanodiamond as a drug delivery system: Applications and prospective, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 01(06), 29-39 (2011). DirectLink K. Królewski, MA thesis, 3D printing of optical elements from diamond powders, (2018).
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Ramadhan, Mochammad Sigit, Kikit Nur Yulianti, and Dede Ananta. "INOVASI PRODUK FASHION DENGAN MENERAPKAN KARAKTER VISUAL CHIAROSCURO MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK CETAK TINGGI CUKIL KAYU BLOCK PRINTING." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v11i1.33052.
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The peculiarities of conventional techniques in textile processing make a significant contribution to the artwork’s value in terms of aesthetics and originality. The woodcut relief printing technique, also known as block printing, is a conventional surface design textile technique with its characteristics in terms of technical work and the resulting visual effects. The visual character of chiaroscuro can be built with the composition of color values with different intensities through the printing plate or matrix printing process in the block printing area. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the opportunities for textile materials to be processed using relief woodcut block printing with chiaroscuro visual characteristics in craft-based fashion product design. This study uses a qualitative method to analyze the studies' results based on data collection and application theories from literature and observations. So, it is possible to develop through experiments and analyses following research objectives. The research results include the visualization of motifs in the form of stylized images of fire and sky on sheets of ATBM woven cloth with kenaf and hemp fibers using a relief woodcut block printing with the multi-block method. Then it is implemented into a menswear fashion collection consisting of 5 (five) fashion design looks with a focus on placing motifs on the tops of shirts, jackets, and bomber jackets. Keywords: chiaroscuro, block printing, craft, fashion. AbstrakKekhasan teknik konvensional dalam pengolahan tekstil memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan bagi nilai sebuah karya baik dari segi estetika maupun orisinalitas. Teknik cetak tinggi cukil kayu atau disebut juga block printing merupakan salah satu teknik surface design textile konvensional yang memiliki karakteristik tersendiri dalam hal teknis pembuatan karya maupun efek visual yang dihasilkan. Karakter visual chiaroscuro dapat dibangun dengan komposisi nilai warna dengan intensitas berbeda melalui proses pencetakan plat cetak atau matriks pada bidang cetak block printing. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peluang material tekstil yang diolah menggunakan teknik cetak tinggi cukil kayu block printing berkarakter visual chiaroscuro pada perancangan produk fashion berbasis kriya. Pada penelitian ini metode kualitatif digunakan sebagai panduan di mana analisis atas hasil kajian berdasarkan pengumpulan data, penerapan teori, serta observasi yang menunjang sehingga dapat dilakukan pengembangan melalui eksperimen dan analisis sesuai tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian diantaranya adalah visualisasi motif berupa stilasi image api dan langit pada lembaran kain tenun ATBM serat kenaf dan rami dengan menggunakan teknik cetak tinggi cukil kayu block printing metode multi-block. Kemudian diimplementasikan menjadi satu koleksi fashion menswear yang terdiri dari 5 (lima) look rancangan busana dengan fokus penempatan motif berada pada bagian atasan berjenis kemeja, jacket dan bomber jacket.Kata Kunci: chiaroscuro, block printing, kriya, fashion. Authors:Mochammad Sigit Ramadhan : Universitas TelkomKikit Nur Yulianti : Universitas TelkomDede Ananta : Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung References:Asosiasi Perancang Pengusaha Mode Indonesia. (2003). Ragam Busana Pria. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.Barnard, M. (2002). Fashion as Communication. USA: Routledge.Buckland, J. W. (1973). Etching and Engraving, Techniques and Modern Trend. USA: Dover Publication Inc.Budiyono. (2008) Kriya Tekstil Jilid 3. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.Bunka Fashion College. (2009). Fundamental of Garment Design. USA: Bunka Fashion College.Darmaprawira, S. W. (2008). Warna: Teori dan Kreativitas penggunaannya. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.Dumamika, T. A., & Ramadhan, M. S. (2021). 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Bandung: ITB Press.Perangin Angin, D. A. K. (2020). Pengaplikasian Teknik Anyaman Pada Busana Muslim Bergaya Casual Sporty. Jurnal ATRAT, 8(3), 111–120. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26742/atrat.v8i3.1606Ramadhan, M. S. (2018). Penerapan Metode Reduksi pada Penciptaan Karya Seni Grafis Cetak Tinggi Cukil Kayu Chiaroscuro. Jurnal Rupa, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.25124/rupa.v3i1.1330Riyanto, A. A. (2003). Teori Busana. Bandung: Yapemdo.Yulianti, N. A. (1998). Busana Pria. Yogyakarta: FPTK IKIP Yogyakarta.