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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multilevel states

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Academic literature on the topic 'Multilevel states'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Multilevel states"

1

Caponio, Tiziana, and Michael Jones-Correa. "Theorising migration policy in multilevel states: the multilevel governance perspective." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44, no. 12 (August 2, 2017): 1995–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2017.1341705.

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Zlatanov, Kaloyan, and Nikolay Vitanov. "Multilevel Laser Induced Continuum Structure." Entropy 23, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070891.

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Laser-induced-continuum-structure (LICS) allows for coherent control techniques to be applied in a Raman type system with an intermediate continuum state. The standard LICS problem involves two bound states coupled to one or more continua. In this paper, we discuss the simplest non-trivial multistate generalization of LICS which couples two bound levels, each composed of two degenerate states through a common continuum state. We reduce the complexity of the system by switching to a rotated basis of the bound states, in which different sub-systems of lower dimension evolve independently. We derive the trapping condition and explore the dynamics of the sub-systems under different initial conditions.

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Chang-qi, Cao, and Fritz Haake. "Coherent states and holomorphic representations for multilevel atoms." Physical Review A 51, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 4203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.51.4203.

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Fang, Xu-Dong, Yu-Hua Tang, and Jun-Jie Wu. "SPICE modeling of memristors with multilevel resistance states." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 9 (September 2012): 098901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/9/098901.

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Jia-Qian, Qin, Kuang Ye, and Shu Xiao-Qin. "Creation of Coherent Superposition States in Multilevel Systems." Communications in Theoretical Physics 48, no. 5 (November 2007): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/48/5/030.

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Schakel, Arjan H. "Multi-level governance in a ‘Europe with the regions’." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 22, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148120937982.

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The concept of multilevel governance was introduced to reveal the impact of regions on European Union (EU) policy making in Brussels. In this contribution, I show that multilevel governance also exposes regional involvement in EU affairs within the member states. In contrast to perspectives that focus on formal decision-making by central governments, multilevel governance uncovers significant sharing of authority between governmental actors within and beyond national states even in cases where the formal right to make a decision lies with national governments or the EU legislator. I argue that the concept of multilevel governance is key for understanding developments within a three-tiered EU polity because it directs scholarly attention to the incentives for regions to be involved in EU affairs and for national governments and EU institutions to share their authority with regions.

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Deswal, Sweety, Rupali R. Malode, Ashok Kumar, and Ajeet Kumar. "Controlled inter-state switching between quantized conductance states in resistive devices for multilevel memory." RSC Advances 9, no. 17 (2019): 9494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00726a.

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Camargo, Renner Sartório, Daniel Santamargarita Mayor, Alvar Mayor Miguel, Emilio José Bueno, and Lucas Frizera Encarnação. "A Novel Cascaded Multilevel Converter Topology Based on Three-Phase Cells—CHB-SDC." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184789.

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This paper proposes a new cascaded multilevel converter topology based on three-phase H bridge cells with a common DC-link structure. The proposed multilevel converter topology main advantages, compared with literature renowned multilevel converters topologies, are discussed in the paper, such as modularity, construction, implementation cost, and DC voltage ripple mitigation. Despite presenting an elementary structure and easy implementation, the use of classic PWM switching strategies is not feasible for this topology, causing the appearance of several short-circuit states between its capacitors. Thus, a graph theory algorithm combined with a model predictive control is also proposed in this work to identify and avoid the new cascaded multilevel converter short-circuit switching states and, concomitantly, guaranteeing the converter output power quality. In order to validate the presented topology applicability, a low voltage synchronous static compensators (STATCOM) with an optimal switching vector model predictive control (OSV-MPC) is implemented in a hardware-in-the-loop platform. The real-time experimental results prove the proposed multilevel topology and the OSV-MPC control strategy effectiveness.

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Kulagin, A. V., and Yu I. Ozhigov. "Optical Selection of Dark States of Multilevel Atomic Ensembles." Computational Mathematics and Modeling 31, no. 4 (October 2020): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10598-021-09504-3.

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W. Keep, William, and Peter J. Vander Nat. "Multilevel marketing and pyramid schemes in the United States." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2014-0002.

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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the evolution of direct selling – a retail channel that successfully sold products ranging from cosmetics to radios to automobiles – to multilevel marketing (MLM), an industry now apparently heavily reliant on selling to itself. As the courts have found some MLM companies to be pyramid schemes, the analysis includes the overlap between the legal MLM model and an illegal pyramid scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The development of direct selling in the USA was examined, followed by the factors contributing to the design and growth of the MLM model and its non-commission-based compensation structure. Then, the key legal decisions regarding illegal pyramid schemes operating under the guise of MLM, the relative stagnation of direct selling and the state of the MLM industry were examined. Findings – As the MLM model operates on the dual premise of retailing through a network of distributors and recruiting new distributors to do the same, it was found that federal regulators and the courts consistently focus on the “retail question” – the existence and extent of sales to consumers external to the distributor network. The authors argue that without a significant external customer base, internal consumption by an ever-churning base of participants resembles neither employee purchases nor a buying club. Social implications – As the MLM model facilitated the growth of pyramid scheme fraud, creating victims rather than customers, this research highlights successful efforts to regulate this type of consumer fraud. Originality/value – Few papers have been written on MLM and pyramids schemes, and none thus far has taken an historical perspective.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multilevel states"

1

Kominato, Kentaro. "Multilevel avoided crossings in high Rydberg states of 85Rb." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147803.

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SZAFLARSKI, MAGDALENA. "THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF SELF-REPORTED HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES AND POLAND: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006877244.

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Halliburton, Amanda E. "Adolescent Inhalant Use in the United States: Examining Long-Term Trends and Evaluating the Applicability of Self-Determination Theory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78174.

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Inhalants are a critical, under-studied substance used by young adolescents in the United States (U.S.). Despite the serious negative consequences that can accompany use (most notably neuropsychological damage) the topic of inhalants has been neglected by clinicians and prevention scientists, particularly in comparison to other drugs. The present research focused on the etiology of U.S. adolescent inhalant use in two ways, both of which utilized large, nationally representative data sets for secondary data analysis. Study I examined long-terms trends in inhalant use prevalence rates and changing proportions of gender and ethnic groups among lifetime inhalant users. Study I also evaluated the effects of policies aimed at other drugs, including regional "three strikes laws" and national methamphetamine laws, on changing inhalant use prevalence rates among twelfth graders. Inhalant use increased during the early-1990s but has declined from the mid-1990s to the present day; lifetime inhalant users have increasingly become female and non-White. Importantly, "three strikes laws" and a national methamphetamine law were related to increases in annual inhalant use rates for twelfth graders. Study II evaluated the applicability of Self-Determination Theory (SDT)-related constructs, namely self-perceived autonomy, competence and parental relatedness, to concurrent and prospective inhalant use. Competence was consistently related to inhalant use and inhalant use severity; parental relatedness was related to concurrent but not prospective use and use severity. The findings from both studies are discussed in terms of their commonalities and differences, implications for clinicians and prevention scientists, overall strengths and limitations, and directions for future inhalant use research.
Master of Science

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Ceresola, Ryan Guy. "POLITICAL CORRUPTION AND POLITICAL ENGAGMENT: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION PROSECUTIONS ON VOTING AND GOVERNMENT TRUST IN THE UNITED STATES." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1266.

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Past research has confirmed the importance of structural and individual-level factors in predicting voter turnout and citizen trust in the government. In international research particularly, political corruption has been shown to negatively affect citizen trust, though the effect of corruption on voter turnout is mixed. To date, no research has examined the effect of corruption on voting and government trust in the United States over a relatively long period of time. In this dissertation, I aim to answer two primary research questions: how U.S. corruption affects voting and how it affects citizen trust in the government. Using many sources of data for state-level variables, and the American National Election Study (NES) for individual-level variables, I investigate these relationships using multilevel modeling (MLM) of forty-six states and approximately 22,000 individuals in my analysis of voting and forty-one states and about 7,000 individuals in my analysis of political trust. I find that corruption has a small, but significant, negative effect on voting. Surprisingly, I find no effect of corruption on a citizen’s political trust, even after assessing the impact of corruption on four other specifications of trust. I also investigate cross-level interaction effects for each analysis, and find no significant results. I conclude with a discussion of possible explanations for these findings, make policy recommendations with the knowledge gained from this research, and offer suggestions for future investigations.

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Meyer, Marc K. "A CyberCIEGE scenario illustrating multilevel secrecy issues in an air operations center environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FMeyer.pdf.

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Bartels, Brandon L. "Heterogeneity in Supreme Court decision making how situational factors shape preference-based behavior /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148557321.

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Steible, Bettina. "The participation of the EU and its member states in the development of the law of non-international armed conflicts-the French and Spanish cases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457737.

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Según los términos del Artículo 1 Común a los cuatro Convenios de Ginebra de 1949, los Estados partes quedan sujetos a una obligación de respetar y de hacer respetar el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH). En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis es el de analizar si la Unión Europea (UE) y dos de sus Estados Miembros – Francia y España – ejecutan su obligación de hacer respetar el DIH. Concretamente, se trata de analizar cómo dos corpuses jurídicos originalmente indiferentes el uno al otro, el DIH y el Derecho de la Unión, llegaron a converger y entrelazarse. Se sostiene que la aplicación del DIH ha de ser analizada desde una perspectiva multinivel. Mientras el DIH depende de los Estados para asegurar su efectividad, el proceso de integración europea obliga a añadir el nivel supranacional: la UE. Esta configuración genera un círculo virtuoso de cumplimiento del DIH según el cual la autoridad jurídica del Artículo 1 Común queda reforzada, lo cual conlleva una mejor implementación del DIH. Asimismo, la UE proyecta sus valores en la escena internacional y se ve reforzada en su calidad de líder en materia de derechos humanos. Además, la UE constituye un nivel adicional tanto de garantía como de actuación para sus Estados Miembros, que la usan para dar efecto a sus obligaciones derivadas del DIH. Se sostiene pues, que la UE se ha establecido como un actor esencial del DIH en la escena internacional. La UE – un autoproclamado líder en materia de derechos humanos – y sus Estados Miembros no solamente quedan vinculados por el Artículo 1 Común, sino que han aceptado de ejecutar su mandato de manera efectiva en la escena internacional.
Pursuant to Common Article 1 to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, the State parties have the obligation to respect and to ensure respect for International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In this context, the objective of this thesis is to analyze whether the European Union (EU) and two of its Member States – France and Spain – have enforced their obligation to ensure respect for IHL. It seeks to scrutinize how two juris corpuses, namely IHL and EU law, which used to follow separate paths, appeared to converge and be interlinked. This thesis takes the view that the enforcement of IHL must must be analyzed from a multilevel perspective. While IHL rely on national law to be truly effective, the process of European integration makes it imperative to add the supranational level: the EU. This configuration generates a virtuous circle of compliance whereby the legal authority of Common Article 1 is reinforced, thus leading to the improved enforcement of IHL. In turn, the EU projects its values on the international scene and is ‘confortée’ as a leader in human rights. Likewise, the EU constitutes an additional level of guarantee and action for its Member States in the enforcement of their obligation arising under IHL. It is argued that the EU has established itself as an essential actor of IHL on the international scene. The EU – a self-proclaimed leader in human rights matters – and its Member States are not only bound by Common Article 1, but they also have accepted their mandate to effectively enforce it on the international scene.

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Högberg, Björn. "Ageing, health inequalities and welfare state regimes – a multilevel analysis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100401.

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The paper studies class inequalities in health over the ageing process in a comparative perspective. It investigates if health inequalities among the elderly vary between European welfare state regimes, and if this variation is age-dependent. Previous comparative research on health inequalities have largely failed to take age and ageing into account, and have not investigated whether cross-country variation in health inequalities might differ for different age categories. Since the elderly belong to the demographic category most dependent on welfare policies, an ageing perspective is warranted. The study combines fives data rounds (2002 to 2010) from the European Social Survey. Multilevel techniques are used, and the analysis is stratified by age, comparing the 50-64 year olds with those aged 65-80 years. Health is measured by self-assessed general health and disability status. Two results stand out. First, class differences in health are strongly reduced or vanish completely for the 65-80 year olds in the Social democratic welfare states, while they remain stable or are in some cases even intensified in almost all other welfare states. Second, the cross-country variation in health inequalities is much larger for the oldest (aged 65-80 years) than is the case for the 50-64 year olds. It is concluded that welfare policies seem to influence the magnitude of health inequalities, and that the importance of welfare state context is greater for the elderly, who are more fragile and more reliant on welfare policies such as public pensions and elderly care.

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De, le Court Alexandre. "De-commodifying social rights : welfare state policies in a multilevel perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283752.

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Over the last 30 years, European Welfare States have been subjected to a process of transformation within the context of globalization, political and societal changes. This work centers on the legal evolution of the systems of protection against unemployment in Spain, The Netherlands and Germany, three Welfare States which the litterature has classified as originally pertaining to the Conservative model, and analyses those changes from the point of view of de-commodification, within the context of the Europeanization of social policy and the idea of flexicurity. It is argued that those evolutions involve the re-commodification of social rights related to protection against unemployment. The multilevel perspective is reinforced by a study of regional and international social rights instruments as possible basis for the development of legal de-commodification strategies rooted in the understanding of human rights as indivisible rights, which involve the obligation of the States to guarantee sufficient protection of their citizens against the risk of unemployment, along the lines of the idea of “decent unemployment”.

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Li, Chen. "State Space Modeling and Power Flow Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71811.

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For the future of sustainable energy, renewable energy will need to significantly penetrate existing utility grids. While various renewable energy sources are networked with high-voltage DC grids, integration between these high-voltage DC grids and the existing AC grids is a significant technical challenge. Among the limited choices available, the modular multi-level converter (MMC) is the most prominent interface converter used between the DC and AC grids. This subject has been widely pursued in recent years. One of the important design challenges when using an MMC is to reduce the capacitor size associated with each module. Currently, a rather large capacitor bank is required to store a certain amount of line-frequency related circulating energy. Several control strategies have been introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage ripples by injecting certain harmonic current. Most of these strategies were developed using trial and error and there is a lack of a systematic means to address this issue. Most recently, Yadong Lyu has proposed to control the modulation index in order to reduce capacitor ripples. The total elimination of the unwanted circulating power associated with both the fundamental line frequency and the second-order harmonic was demonstrated, and this resulted in a dramatic reduction in capacitor size. To gain a better understanding of the intricate operation of the MMC, this thesis proposes a state-space analysis technique in the present paper. Combining the power flow analysis with the state trajectory portrayed on a set of two-dimensional state plans, it clearly delineates the desired power transfer from the unwanted circulating energy, thus leading to an ultimate reduction in the circulation energy and therefore the required capacitor volume.
Master of Science

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Books on the topic "Multilevel states"

1

Hamermesh, Daniel S. Multilevel "general policy equilibria": Evidence from the American unemployment insurance tax ceiling. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Kashuba, Roxolana. Multilevel hierarchical modeling of benthic macroinvertebrate responses to urbanization in nine metropolitan regions across the conterminous United States. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2010.

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Amway: The true story of the company that transformed the lives of millions. New York: Berkley Books, 1999.

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Amway: The true story of the company that transformed the lives of millions. New York: Berkley Books, 2001.

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Haussman, Melissa. Federalism, feminism and multilevel governance. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2010.

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Marian, Sawer, ed. Federalism, feminism and multilevel governance. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2010.

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S, Masten Ann, ed. Multilevel dynamics in developmental psychopathology: Pathways to the future. Mahwah, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 2007.

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Leonovich, Sergey, Evgeniy Shalyy, Elena Polonina, Elena Sadovskaya, Lev Kim, and Valentin Dorkin. Durability of port reinforced concrete structures (Far East and Sakhalin). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816638.

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Section I of the monograph is devoted to an urgent problem - forecasting the durability of port reinforced concrete structures, the destruction of which is associated with corrosion of steel reinforcement caused by chloride aggression and carbonation of concrete. The analysis of models for calculating the service life of structures and experimental data is carried out, the life cycles for the main degradation processes in concrete and reinforcement, the periods of initiation and propagation of corrosion are considered, the influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity) and the quality of concrete (In/C, cement consumption, diffusion coefficient) on the kinetics of chloride penetration and the movement of the carbonation front is taken into account. Probabilistic models of basic variables are considered, the limiting states of port reinforced concrete structures for the durability of reinforced concrete structures based on the reliability coefficient for service life are formulated. Sections II and III describe modern methods of restoration and restoration of reinforced concrete port structures subjected to corrosion destruction using nanofibrobeton. The concept of multilevel reinforcement has been implemented. Methods of experimental fracture mechanics were used to evaluate the joint work of exploited concrete and reinforcement nanofibre concrete. It is intended for scientific and engineering staff of universities, research and design organizations.

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Shirshov, Vladimir. Psychological readiness for actions in emergency situations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/993543.

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The tutorial covers the issues of psychological competence and the willingness to act in emergency situations. Examines the theoretical and practical aspects of recognition, evaluation and prevention of emergency situations in the contemporary human environment. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Can be used in the preparation of undergraduate students for 44.03.01 direction of preparation "Pedagogical education" (an optional component) in the conditions of multilevel training of future teachers and can also be used in conditions of multilevel preparation of teachers of health and safety. Will be interesting to all who are engaged in research and training in the area of life safety: researchers, heads of educational institutions, teachers and teachers.

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Bavaeva, Ol'ga. Metaphorical parallels of the neutral nomination "man" in modern English. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1858259.

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The monograph is devoted to a multidimensional analysis of metaphor in modern English as a parallel nomination that exists along with a neutral equivalent denoting a person. The problem of determining the essence of metaphorical names and their role in the language has attracted the attention of many foreign and domestic linguists on the material of various languages, but until now the fact of the parallel existence of metaphors and neutral nominations has not been emphasized. The research is in line with modern problems of linguistics related to the relationship of language, thinking and reflection of the surrounding reality. All these problems are integrated and resolved within the framework of linguistic semantics, in particular in the semantics of metaphor. Multilevel study of language material based on semantic, component, etymological analysis methods contributed to a systematic and comprehensive description of this most important part of the lexical system of the English language. Metaphorical parallels are considered as the result of the interaction of three complexes, which allows us to identify their associative-figurative base, as well as the types of metaphorical parallels, depending on the nature of the connection between direct and figurative meaning. Based on the analysis of various human character traits and behavior that evoke associations with animals, birds, objects, zoomorphic, artifact, somatic, floral and anthropomorphic metaphorical parallels of the neutral nomination "man" are distinguished. The social aspect of metaphorical parallels is also investigated as a reflection of gender, status and age characteristics of a person. It can be used in the training of philologists and translators when reading theoretical courses on lexicology, stylistics, word formation of the English language, as well as in practical classes, in lexicographic practice.

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Book chapters on the topic "Multilevel states"

1

Hertler, Steven C., Aurelio José Figueredo, and Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre. "Aggregation: From Ethnic and Regional Competition to Group Selection at the Level of States and Nations." In Multilevel Selection, 101–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49520-6_4.

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Garcia, Ginny. "Multilevel Analysis and Results." In Mexican American and Immigrant Poverty in the United States, 99–127. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0539-5_7.

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Hepburn, Eve, and Ricard Zapata-Barrero. "Introduction: Immigration Policies in Multilevel States." In The Politics of Immigration in Multi-Level States, 3–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137358530_1.

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Barichella, Arnault. "Cities as Pioneers: Multilevel Climate Governance in New York." In Can Cities, States and Regions Save Our Planet?, 231–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33936-3_6.

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Hollway, James, and Johan Koskinen. "Multilevel Bilateralism and Multilateralism: States’ Bilateral and Multilateral Fisheries Treaties and Their Secretariats." In Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, 315–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24520-1_13.

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Zapata-Barrero, Ricard, and Fiona Barker. "Multilevel Governance of Immigration in Multinational States: ‘Who Governs?’ Reconsidered." In The Politics of Immigration in Multi-Level States, 19–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137358530_2.

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Hepburn, Eve. "Multilevel Party Politics of Immigration: Territorial Rescaling and Party Competition." In The Politics of Immigration in Multi-Level States, 41–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137358530_3.

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Barichella, Arnault. "Cities as Catalysts: Multilevel Climate Governance Between Boston and Massachusetts." In Can Cities, States and Regions Save Our Planet?, 277–337. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33936-3_7.

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Barichella, Arnault. "Climate Politics Under Macron: Towards More Hierarchical Centralization in Multilevel Governance?" In Can Cities, States and Regions Save Our Planet?, 177–229. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33936-3_5.

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Zapata-Barrero, Ricard, and Eve Hepburn. "Conclusion: Exploring the Contours of a Theory of Immigration in Multilevel States." In The Politics of Immigration in Multi-Level States, 285–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137358530_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Multilevel states"

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Koksharov, Igor A., Gennadiy M. Chernyakov, and Vladimir G. Yakhno. "Multilevel structure of erythrocyte functional states." In International Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and Structures in Biology and Medicine: Optical and Laser Technologies, edited by Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266234.

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Zhang, Yu, Wei Jin, Shuai Liu, Jiming Chen, Siying Cheng, Yaxun Zhang, Zhihai Liu, Jianzhong Zhang, and Libo Yuan. "All-fiber nonvolatile optical switch." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.w4.74.

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We demonstrate a nonvolatile multilevel optical switch used by GST integrated on a graded-index multimode fiber. This optical switch works by the crystalline state and the amorphous state of the GST. The present experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of 11 multilevel states in the field of optical fibers commonly used in communications.

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Kapralov, Evgenie V., Sergey V. Raykov, Ekaterina S. Vaschuk, Yuri F. Ivanov, Evgenie A. Budovskikh, and Victor E. Gromov. "Structural-phase states and wear resistance of surface formed on steel by surfacing." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898925.

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Gromov, V. E., K. V. Morozov, Yu F. Ivanov, and A. M. Glezer. "Analysis of structure-phase states in-a-bulk hardened and a head-hardened rails." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898915.

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Meisner, Ludmila, Yurii Mironov, Stanislav Meisner, Oleg Kashin, Andrey Kudryashov, and Aleksandr Lotkov. "Structural phase states in NiTi near-surface layers modified by electron and ion beams." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4898969.

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Djotyan, G. P., N. Sandor, J. S. Bakos, Zs Sörlei, W. Gawlik, A. Wojciechowski, J. Zachorowski, S. Pustelny, and G. Yu Kryuchkyan. "Creation and measurement of coherent superposition states in multilevel atoms." In International Conference on Laser Physics 2010, edited by Aram V. Papoyan. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.890857.

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Bogdanov, Yurii, Nadezhda Bogdanova, Yurii A. Kuznetsov, and Vladimir Lukichev. "High-fidelity tracking of the evolution of multilevel quantum states." In International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics 2021, edited by Konstantin V. Rudenko and Vladimir F. Lukichev. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2624232.

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Ditenberg, Ivan A., and Aleksander N. Tyumentsev. "Features of formation of two-level structural states in pure metals and alloys under severe plastic deformation." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4901477.

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Hotait, Hadi A., Ahmed M. Massoud, Steve J. Finney, and Barry W. Williams. "Capacitor Voltage Balancing Using Redundant States for Five-Level Multilevel Inverter." In 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peds.2007.4487835.

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Tyumentsev, Alexander N., Ivan A. Ditenberg, Konstantin V. Grinyaev, Ivan V. Smirnov, Vyacheslav M. Chernov, and Mikhail M. Potapenko. "Effect of modes of thermomechanical treatments on structural-phase states and mechanical properties of V–Cr–Zr–W-system alloys." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4899027.

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Reports on the topic "Multilevel states"

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Bevelander, Pieter, and Henrik Emilsson. One size fits all? : Integration approaches for beneficiaries of international protection. Malmö university, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771745.

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This thematic paper deals with integration policies concerning persons who aregranted international protection in EU Member States. It acknowledges that there are two general trends in integration policies - a civic turn and a local turn. The civic turn implies more integration requirements for migrants, decided upon by the state, that have an impact on the legal status of migrant newcomers. On the other hand, the local turn implies less national involvement with cities instead handling more of the integration policies, including funding and policy measures. The paper then describes four different models for the integration of beneficiaries of international protection: a national government-led model, a project based/multilevel governance model, a laissez-faire model, and a NGO-led model.

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Emilsson, Henrik, Maria Angeli, Anna Elia, Nasar Meer, and Timothy Peace. The impact of multilevel policy and governance : A comparative study of access to language training in Cosenza, Glasgow, Malmö, and Nicosia. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178772445.

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Access to language training is often a challenge for persons granted international protection in EU-countries. This article investigates language provision for refugees from a policy and governance perspective. The goal is to explain the local differences in language training provisions in EU countries. We use a most different cases approach including Cosenza in Italy, Glasgow in Scotland, Malmö in Sweden and Nicosia in Cyprus. We find that the combination of state policies and governance do explain differences in local access to language training. The results also strongly indicate that local governments are dependent on support from higher levels of government to secure training opportunities. The state is still the main actor, and its choices of policies and governance instruments are central for understanding differences in language provision for refugees in EU member states.

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Tsidylo, Ivan M., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Tetiana I. Gargula, Hanna V. Solonetska, Yaroslav P. Zamora, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Simulation of intellectual system for evaluation of multilevel test tasks on the basis of fuzzy logic. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4370.

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The article describes the stages of modeling an intelligent system for evaluating multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic in the MATLAB application package, namely the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The analysis of existing approaches to fuzzy assessment of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The considered methods for assessing students are presented in the general case by two methods: using fuzzy sets and corresponding membership functions; fuzzy estimation method and generalized fuzzy estimation method. In the present work, the Sugeno production model is used as the closest to the natural language. This closeness allows for closer interaction with a subject area expert and build well-understood, easily interpreted inference systems. The structure of a fuzzy system, functions and mechanisms of model building are described. The system is presented in the form of a block diagram of fuzzy logical nodes and consists of four input variables, corresponding to the levels of knowledge assimilation and one initial one. The surface of the response of a fuzzy system reflects the dependence of the final grade on the level of difficulty of the task and the degree of correctness of the task. The structure and functions of the fuzzy system are indicated. The modeled in this way intelligent system for assessing multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic makes it possible to take into account the fuzzy characteristics of the test: the level of difficulty of the task, which can be assessed as “easy”, “average", “above average”, “difficult”; the degree of correctness of the task, which can be assessed as “correct”, “partially correct”, “rather correct”, “incorrect”; time allotted for the execution of a test task or test, which can be assessed as “short”, “medium”, “long”, “very long”; the percentage of correctly completed tasks, which can be assessed as “small”, “medium”, “large”, “very large”; the final mark for the test, which can be assessed as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, “excellent”, which are included in the assessment. This approach ensures the maximum consideration of answers to questions of all levels of complexity by formulating a base of inference rules and selection of weighting coefficients when deriving the final estimate. The robustness of the system is achieved by using Gaussian membership functions. The testing of the controller on the test sample brings the functional suitability of the developed model.

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Multilevel system of physical state improvement among different groups of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population. Svetlana S. Gulyaeva, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-4-55-64.

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