Journal articles on the topic 'Multilevel Cultures'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Multilevel Cultures.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Multilevel Cultures.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cardinale, J. "A Review of Multilevel Analysis of Individuals and Cultures." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 35, no. 1 (February 2010): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998609341366.
Full text
2
Moustafa Leonard, Karen, James R. Van Scotter, Fatma Pakdil, Nadine Jbeily Chamseddine, Ezel Esatoglu, Murat Gumus, Mustafa Koyuncu, et al. "Examining media effectiveness across cultures and national borders: A review and multilevel framework." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 11, no. 1 (April 2011): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595810389790.
Full textAbstract:
We explore the ways that perceptions of media effectiveness are affected by the societal culture, organizational culture, occupational (professional) culture, individual characteristics, and technology acceptance. This is an important subject to explore, as communication is essential to organizational functioning. The continuous drive for communication to individuals in different national and organizational situations around the world, due in part to globalization, leads us to ask: which medium is perceived as the most effective for each of the tasks a manager may be called upon to perform, particularly in different cultures? In other words, is the receiver getting the message that we intend, when the receiver is not in the same situation (societal, organizational, professional, etc.) as the sender? There are contexts of shared values, rules, and experiences that affect communication; words do not have the same meaning and value across languages and cultures (Macnamara, 2004). This means that the message sent from one context may not be the message received in another. If we are not communicating the messages we intend, then our method of communicating may be efficient, but it is certainly not effective. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of media types. We develop a framework highlighting the intersection of variables salient to effectiveness: societal, organizational, and occupational culture, individual characteristics, and technology the sender? In the conclusion, we suggest future work that might be appropriate, given the increasing interest in global communication.
3
Caza, Arran, Brianna B. Caza, and Barry Z. Posner. "Transformational Leadership across Cultures: Follower Perception and Satisfaction." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010032.
Full textAbstract:
Leading people from diverse cultures is centrally important in organizations. This study investigates the extent to which transformational leadership behaviors are universal: by examining if leaders and followers perceive transformational leadership behaviors the same way across cultures; and by determining if the magnitude of satisfaction that followers derive from transformational leadership behavior is the same across cultures. Survey data from 71,537 leaders and their direct reports (n = 203,027) from 77 countries were analyzed. Respondents represented hundreds of different organizations, 12 functional areas, 26 industries, and all management levels. Cultural universality was examined by comparing internal reliability scores and using multilevel mixed coefficient models to assess the similarity of effect sizes in across cultures. Regardless of culture, when interacting with leaders from their own culture, followers were universally alike in their perceptions of transformational leadership behavior and in their satisfaction with such behavior.
4
D’Amato, Alessia, and Yehuda Baruch. "Cultural and generational predictors of learning goal orientation: A multilevel analysis of managers across 20 countries." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595820926218.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on learning and generational theory, we investigate the effect of socio-economic and contextual conditions on managerial learning and organizational development. Using data from 3657 managers across 20 countries, we untangle the interactive effect of national culture and generational cohort on learning goal orientation (LGO). Managers from younger generations (e.g. generation X) had a stronger LGO than those in older generations (e.g. Baby Boomers, those born between 1946 and 1959). Performance orientation (PO) moderated the relationships so that the gap was stronger in high PO cultures. A validation of a model using hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) supports a cross-level moderation model of PO on LGO. Our study provides important first evidence of the value of the multilevel analysis to understanding LGO in different groups of managers, improving scholarly capacity to understand the multilevel and cross-level effects that govern the workplace. It also supports cross-level studies for the development of global managers from different generational groups. We extend LGO research by identifying the contextual influence and how this impacts on the behaviour of managers across different societal ‘structures’ (e.g. generations) and societies (e.g. cultures). The results provide practical suggestions that make a difference in the workplace.
5
Gentry, William A., Todd J. Weber, and Golnaz Sadri. "Examining career-related mentoring and managerial performance across cultures: A multilevel analysis." Journal of Vocational Behavior 72, no. 2 (April 2008): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.10.014.
Full text
6
Prince, Nicholas R., J. Bruce Prince, and Rüediger Kabst. "Incentive pay configurations: the influence of national culture." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 6, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-12-2017-0059.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of national culture on the adoption of four different incentive pay bundles (incentive maximizer, contingent rewarder, profit rewarder, and incentive minimizer) using GLOBE national culture dimensions in 14 countries. It uses incentive pay bundles derived by Prince et al. (2016). Design/methodology/approach The study adopted multilevel random-intercept logistic modeling using firm incentive practice usage from the CRANET database and country culture scores from the GLOBE study. Findings Evidence suggests that in-group collectivism is associated with increased use of the incentive maximizer approach, in which firms use a combination of high levels of individual, team, and profit sharing incentives, and decreased use of the incentive minimizer approach (where firms minimally employ incentives) and the individual and team bonus focused contingent rewarder configuration. Higher uncertainty avoidance is linked to increased use of the profit rewarder approach (where only profit sharing is emphasized) and decreased use of the contingent rewarder approach. Performance-orientation cultures appear to support using the incentive maximizer and avoiding the incentive minimizer bundles. Originality/value This study investigates incentive practice bundles that firms use verses separate analysis of practices and use the GLOBE culture metrics. It utilizes multilevel modeling, which has been lacking in past studies of culture and incentives.
7
Marsella, Anthony J., and Ann Marie Yamada. "Culture and Psychopathology: Foundations, Issues, Directions." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.2.103.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe present article offers an overview of the historical influences, conceptual assumptions, and major findings and issues associated with the study of culture and psychopathology. The article traces continuing reductionistic resistance to the incorporation of cultural considerations in the etiology, expression, and treatment of psychopathology to historical and contemporary forces. These forces include ‘cultural context’ of Western psychiatry and psychology, which choose to locate the determinants of behaviour in the human mind and brain. A definition of culture that acknowledges its internal and external representations is offered, and steps in the cultural construction of reality are proposed. Within this context, the risks of imposing Western cultural views universally are noted, especially attempts to homogenise classification and diagnostic systems across cultures. ‘Culture-bound’ disorders are used as example of Western bias via the assumption that they have ‘real’ disorders, while the other cultures have disorders that are shaped by culture. Cultural considerations in understanding the rate, etiology, and expression are presented, including recommended criteria for conducting epidemiological studies across cultural boundaries, especially ‘schizophrenic’ disorders as this problematic diagnostic category is subject to multiple cultural variations. The article closes with discussions of ‘cultural competence’ and ‘multilevel’ approaches to behaviour.
8
Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Mary Overpeck, and Lorenza Dallago. "Television Viewing, Computer Use, and a Hostile Perception of Classmates Among Adolescents From 34 Countries." Swiss Journal of Psychology 67, no. 2 (June 2008): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.67.2.97.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigated the relationship between adolescents’ perception of a lack of classmate support and their individual and their respective culture’s daily amounts of television viewing and computer use. We tested multilevel regression models based on data from the responses of 150 552 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years from 34 cultures who participated in the 2001-2002 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. Results revealed that the average amount of television viewing in the respective adolescents’ culture explained variation in their perception of a lack of classmate support in addition to their own amount of television viewing. No effect for computer use was found. It appears that, in countries in which a great deal of television is consumed, everyone is affected and not only those who watch a high amount of television. This adds to concerns about television viewing as a significant risk to the health of adolescents.
9
Jamali, Dima, Georges Samara, Lamberto Zollo, and Cristiano Ciappei. "Is internal CSR really less impactful in individualist and masculine Cultures? A multilevel approach." Management Decision 58, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2018-1260.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Drawing on signaling theory and adopting a multilevel approach, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how meso-organizational attributes interact with the macro cultural context to affect employees’ behavioral responses to internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. This study unpacks the behavioral process through which internal CSR affects employees’ organizational citizenship behavior in an organization that has obtained SA8000 and that operates in an understudied Italian context characterized by high individualism and masculinity. Design/methodology/approach Bootstrapped multi-mediation analysis was used on a sample of 300 employees operating in one of the most important and largest Italian retail stores active in the food industry and involved in socio-environmental responsibility. Findings Results show that when a company obtains an internal CSR quality credential, particularly SA8000, an auditable certification standard that signals that a company goes beyond compliance standards to tailor to the well-being of its employees, it will likely attract like-minded employees that will positively react to internal CSR initiatives even when operating in a highly individualistic and masculine culture such as Italy. Originality/value While prior research has shown that internal CSR initiatives have a lower and, in some cases, an insignificant impact on employees’ behavioral outcomes in cultures characterized by individualism and masculinity, this study shows that the interaction between the cultural setting and company specific attributes can turn this effect to be significant, strong, and positive.
10
Morales, Carlos, Claudia Holtschlag, Aline D. Masuda, and Percy Marquina. "In which cultural contexts do individual values explain entrepreneurship? An integrative values framework using Schwartz’s theories." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618811890.
Full textAbstract:
Answering research calls for better contextualisation of entrepreneurial behaviour, we examine the cultural contexts in which individuals with entrepreneurial values (Schwartz’s self-enhancement- and openness-to-change values) are most likely to be entrepreneurs. Culture is assessed through Schwartz’s cultural dimensions of mastery and egalitarianism. The results of multilevel logistic regressions with more than 35,000 respondents nested in 28 European countries support the hypotheses that individual values are more important for explaining entrepreneurship in non-entrepreneurial cultures (low in mastery and egalitarianism). Our results indicate that mastery compensates for openness-to-change, whereas egalitarianism reduces the impact of both self-enhancement and openness-to-change values.
11
Hodge, Edwin. "Online Networks of Hate: Cultural Borders in Aterritorial Spaces." Borders in Globalization Review 4, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr41202221162.
Full textAbstract:
IN BRIEF
Online communities escape territorial boundaries yet build virtual borders of their own
Extremist cultures can thrive in online spaces, evading national legal jurisdictions yet simultaneously operating locally and globally
Public policy requires focused multilateral and multilevel cross-border governance coordination in law enforcement in conjunction with robust transparency and accountability mechanisms
12
Horstman, Molly J., Andrew M. Spiegelman, Aanand D. Naik, and Barbara W. Trautner. "Urine Culture on Admission Impacts Antibiotic Use and Length of Stay: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.55.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVETo examine the impact of urine culture testing on day 1 of admission on inpatient antibiotic use and hospital length of stay (LOS).DESIGNWe performed a retrospective cohort study using a national dataset from 2009 to 2014.SETTINGThe study used data from 230 hospitals in the United States.PARTICIPANTSAdmissions for adults 18 years and older were included in this study. Hospitalizations were matched with coarsened exact matching by facility, patient age, gender, Medicare severity-diagnosis related group (MS-DRG), and 3 measures of disease severity.METHODSA multilevel Poisson model and a multilevel linear regression model were used to determine the impact of an admission urine culture on inpatient antibiotic use and LOS.RESULTSMatching produced a cohort of 88,481 patients (n=41,070 with a culture on day 1, n=47,411 without a culture). A urine culture on admission led to an increase in days of inpatient antibiotic use (incidence rate ratio, 1.26; P<.001) and resulted in an additional 36,607 days of inpatient antibiotic treatment. Urine culture on admission resulted in a 2.1% increase in LOS (P=.004). The predicted difference in bed days of care between admissions with and without a urine culture resulted in 6,071 additional bed days of care. The impact of urine culture testing varied by admitting diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSPatients with a urine culture sent on day 1 of hospital admission receive more days of antibiotics and have a longer hospital stay than patients who do not have a urine culture. Targeted interventions may reduce the potential harms associated with low-yield urine cultures on day 1.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:547–554
13
Dong, Jin Tao, Yi De Sun, and Jin Yu Dong. "Treatment of Oil and Drilling Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2997–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2997.
Full textAbstract:
A large amount of mineral, macromolecular organics and macromolecular additives exist in drilling wastewater, and form a complicated stable multilevel wastewater system. Biological process is the most efficient way of removing organic matter from drilling waste waters. These 1iving systems rely on mixed microbial cultures to decompose, and to remove colloidal and dissolved organic substances from solution. The most important factors affecting biological growth are temperature, availability of nutrients, oxygen supply, pH, presence of toxins and, sunlight. Drilling waste waters commonly contain sufficient concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace nutrients to support the growth of a microbial culture. Theoretically, a BOD to nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 100/5/1 is adequate.
14
Atari, Mohammad, Nabiha Chaudhary, and Laith Al-Shawaf. "Mate Preferences in Three Muslim-Majority Countries: Sex Differences and Personality Correlates." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619866187.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-cultural research on long-term mate preferences in Muslim-majority countries is scarce. The research described here aims to examine the KASER (kindness/dependability, attractiveness/sexuality, status/resources, education/intelligence, and religiosity/chastity) model of mate preferences in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey ( N = 1,089). We examined structural validity, measurement invariance between men and women, sex differences, cultural differences, and Big Five personality correlates of these dimensions of mate preferences. Findings supported preregistered hypotheses regarding sex differences in mate preferences. Multilevel models suggested that the magnitude of sex differences was invariant across cultures. Personality correlates of mate preferences varied across cultures, but agreeableness consistently predicted the preference for kind and dependable partners across cultures. In sum, sex differences in mate preferences within and across three Muslim-majority countries described here replicate previous findings, but evidence for personality correlates of mate preferences is mixed, variable across cultures, and in need of further examination in non-Western samples.
15
Pourmand, Vida, Kendall A. Lawley, and Barbara J. Lehman. "Cultural differences in stress and affection following social support receipt." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): e0256859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256859.
Full textAbstract:
Culturally appropriate social support predicts better psychological outcomes. Motivation for providing social support may vary cross-culturally, with more independent cultures valuing self-esteem and more interdependent cultures valuing closeness. Participants in the U.S. (N = 85) and Singapore (N = 78) reported on emotions and social support receipt using the Day Reconstruction Method. We examined cultural differences in stress and affection, and tested country as a moderator of the associations between both social support receipt and social support motivation, and next-episode emotions. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that not only did the emotional correlates of social support receipt vary by country, but that recipient perceptions of esteem-building and closeness-fostering SS also differentially correlated with subsequent emotion. For example, esteem-building SS predicted greater next-episode stress for Singaporean participants, but less stress in the U.S. Esteem-building SS predicted more next-episode affection only in the U.S. Culturally appropriate social support predicts positive psychological outcomes. This research highlights the importance of considering culture when examining the dynamic emotional correlates of social support receipt.
16
Borisova, Liubov V., Pål E. Martinussen, Håvard T. Rydland, Per Stornes, and Terje A. Eikemo. "Public evaluation of health services across 21 European countries: The role of culture." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494816685920.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: This work examined the role of cultural values in understanding people’s satisfaction with health services across Europe. Methods: We used multilevel linear regression analysis on the seventh round of the European Social Survey from 2014, including c. 40,000 respondents from 21 countries. Preliminary intraclass correlation analyses led us to believe that some explanations of variance in the dependent variable were to be found at the country level. In search of country level explanations, we attempted to account for the role of national culture in influencing citizens’ attitudes towards health systems. This was done by using Hofstede’s dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance, giving each country in the survey a mean aggregated score. Results: In our first model with individual level variables, being female, having low or medium education, experiencing financial strain, and reporting poor health and unmet medical needs were negatively associated with individual satisfaction with national healthcare systems, with the latter variable showing the strongest effect. After including Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in our multilevel model, we found that the power distance index variable had a negative effect on the dependent variable, significant at the 0.1 level. Conclusions: Citizens are likely to evaluate their national health system more negatively in national cultures associated with autocracy and hierarchy.
17
Blais, Ann-Renée, and Elke U. Weber. "A Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale for adult populations." Judgment and Decision Making 1, no. 1 (July 2006): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500000334.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper proposes a revised version of the original Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale developed by Weber, Blais, and Betz (2002) that is shorter and applicable to a {broader range of ages, cultures, and educational levels}. It also provides a French translation of the revised scale. Using multilevel modeling, we investigated the risk-return relationship between apparent risk taking and risk perception in 5 risk domains. The results replicate previously noted differences in reported degree of risk taking and risk perception at the mean level of analysis. The multilevel modeling shows, more interestingly, that within-participants variation in risk taking across the 5 content domains of the scale was about 7 times as large as between-participants variation. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of the person-situation debate related to risk attitude as a stable trait.
18
Hwang, Hyundoo, Juhee Park, Changsik Shin, YoonKyung Do, and Yoon-Kyoung Cho. "Three dimensional multicellular co-cultures and anti-cancer drug assays in rapid prototyped multilevel microfluidic devices." Biomedical Microdevices 15, no. 4 (December 12, 2012): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10544-012-9733-9.
Full text
19
Lansford, Jennifer E., Jennifer Godwin, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Kenneth A. Dodge, et al. "Parenting, culture, and the development of externalizing behaviors from age 7 to 14 in nine countries." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 5 (August 22, 2018): 1937–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000925.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractUsing multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N= 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age 7 to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children's externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than at the culture level. Mothers’ and children's endorsement of aggression as well as mothers’ authoritarian attitudes predicted higher age 8 intercepts of child externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, prediction from individual-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes to more child externalizing behaviors was augmented by prediction from cultural-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes, respectively. Cultures in which father-reported endorsement of aggression was higher and both mother- and father-reported authoritarian attitudes were higher also reported more child externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Among fathers, greater attributions regarding uncontrollable success in caregiving situations were associated with steeper declines in externalizing over time. Understanding cultural-level as well as individual-level correlates of children's externalizing behavior offers potential insights into prevention and intervention efforts that can be more effectively targeted at individual children and parents as well as targeted at changing cultural norms that increase the risk of children's and adolescents’ externalizing behavior.
20
Shin, Yun-Jeong, and Ji-Yeon Lee. "Attachment, Career-Choice Pessimism, and Intrinsic Motivation as Predictors of College Students’ Career Adaptability." Journal of Career Development 44, no. 4 (June 6, 2016): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316653472.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-cultural validity of the effects of attachment, career-choice pessimism, and intrinsic motivation on career adaptability (CA) in American ( n = 198) and Korean ( n = 294) college students. We hypothesized that the association between attachment and CA is sequentially mediated by career-choice pessimism and intrinsic motivation in both samples, and the results supported the hypothesized multilevel model. These results have important implications for practice to promote CA for college students across cultures by providing evidence for cross-cultural validation of factors influencing on CA.
21
Palmer-Wackerly, Angela L., Virginia Chaidez, Caitlyn Wayment, Jonathan Baker, Anthony Adams, and Lorey A. Wheeler. "Listening to the Voices of Community Health Workers: A Multilevel, Culture-Centered Approach to Overcoming Structural Barriers in U.S. Latinx Communities." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 3 (July 5, 2019): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319855963.
Full textAbstract:
Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often incorporated into efforts to reduce health disparities for vulnerable populations. However, their voices are rarely the focus of research when considering how to increase their job effectiveness and sustainability. The current study addresses this gap by privileging the voices of 28 CHWs who work with Latinx communities in Nebraska through in-depth, semistructured interviews. Using a multilevel, Culture-Centered Approach (CCA) to Health Communication, we identified two key structural communication issues: (a) increasing language accommodation and (b) increasing (and stabilizing) network integration across three ecological levels of health behavior ( individual, microsystem, and exosystem). This study shows the uniquely valuable perspective that CHWs have as they navigate hierarchical health care structures and community cultures to meet the needs of their Latinx clients. Findings suggest that CHWs should be included in health care organization and policy discussions to reduce health disparities for Latinx populations.
22
Mylonas, Kostas. "Statistical analysis techniques based on Cross-Cultural research methods: cross-cultural paradigms and intra-country comparisons." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 16, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23814.
Full textAbstract:
Accumulated cross-cultural research has shown that its methods can also apply within countries, especially as more and more different immigrants or sojourners flow into host countries and the need to deal at least with acculturation issues is pressing. Cross-cultural methodology approximates research on intra-country issues, since comparinggroups with different characteristics within countries may also reflect different “cultures” represented by each of the differential groups. A question of bias elimination is raised when such comparisons areattempted either under a Cross-Cultural or an intra-country scope. Taking the van de Vijver and Leung and the Poortinga and van de Vijver theories on bias in terms of culture as a starting point, a triple-fold paradigm employing factor analysis and other techniques is presented on: (a) the application of simple congruence coefficients in estimating factor similarity –that is, basic factor equivalence testing– along with a proposed method of taking advantage of the Tucker coefficient matrix for a set of two or more factor structures, (b) the within-country application of multilevel covariance structure analysis and Procrustean rotations for a set of between groups and pooled-within correlation matrices, and (c) the reduction of “bias in terms of culture” by eliminating variance components through multivariate methods. By incorporating some of these methods in standard -within country- psychological research, we should be able to gain on theoretical andpsychometric grounds and we may finally question the degree of construct similarity among groups within a country, which cannot be necessarily taken for granted. These considerations are closely related to the use of multilevel analyses, as these stem from Cross-Cultural Psychology through most forms of intracountry and/or inter-country comparisons.
23
Melton, E. Nicole, and George B. Cunningham. "Who Are the Champions? Using a Multilevel Model to Examine Perceptions of Employee Support for LGBT Inclusion in Sport Organizations." Journal of Sport Management 28, no. 2 (March 2014): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2012-0086.
Full textAbstract:
Sport employees who champion LGBT inclusion efforts represent key elements in creating accepting environments within college athletic departments. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the concept of champions and how they support LGBT individuals within heterosexist sport environments. Drawing from divergent literatures, including that related to organizational inclusion and championing behaviors, we explore how a combination of factors from multiple levels may influence sport employees’ attitude and behaviors related to LGBT inclusion, and determine how supportive behaviors influence sexual minorities working within a college athletic department. Results indicate that various macro- (i.e., culture of sport, athletic boosters, university and community values, exposure to diverse cultures) meso- (organizational culture, presence of other champions), and micro- (demographics, open-mindedness, experiences with sexual minorities) level factors influenced the level of employee support for LGBT inclusive policies. Furthermore, power meaningfully influenced these dynamics, such that employees who did not resemble prototypically sport employees (i.e., White, heterosexual, male) were hesitant to show support for LGBT equality. However, those who did champion LGBT inclusive initiatives successfully modeled supportive behaviors and positive attitudes toward LGBT individuals, vocally opposed discriminatory treatment, and provided sexual minorities with a safe space within sport. The authors discuss implications and future directions.
24
Ben-Nun Bloom, Pazit, Sharon Gilad, and Michael Freedman. "Does exposure to other cultures affect the impact of economic globalization on gender equality?" International Political Science Review 38, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 378–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116644358.
Full textAbstract:
An extensive literature shows that economic globalization has a positive effect on gender equality. However, the effect varies greatly across countries and time. This article argues that social globalization – individuals’ exposure to external ideas, people, and information flows – and the changes in values associated with it – is a key boundary condition for the effect of economic globalization on women’s rights. While economic globalization opens up new opportunities for women, policy adaptation to these changes requires a social demand for efforts for change. Social globalization contributes to policy adaptation by exposing the public to alternative gender-role models, setting off a shift in values, which underlies support for gender equality. Results emerging from a time-series-cross-sectional analysis of 152 nations for the period 1990–2003 confirm that the positive effect of economic globalization on gender equality wanes at lower levels of social globalization. Further, multilevel-path-analyses models demonstrate how changes to individual-level values mediate the effect of globalization on individuals’ support for gender equality.
25
Khalil, Joe F. "Lebanon’s waste crisis: An exercise of participation rights." New Media & Society 19, no. 5 (January 16, 2017): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686321.
Full textAbstract:
A growing body of research reveals the emergence of forms of youth public participation, intensified by digital technologies, practices and cultures. This is a multilevel study of the reconstruction of Lebanese youth and children’s rights in the digital age through discourses and practices of participation in the #YouStink protest movement against a waste collection crisis. The article explores these rights by focusing on children and young people’s engagement with the movement, their ability to express their views freely and to influence decisions. It analyses how such participation through communicative, cultural and political practices becomes a contested resource for various actors, institutions and networks.
26
Voicu, Bogdan, and Claudiu D. Tufiş. "Migrating trust: contextual determinants of international migrants’ confidence in political institutions." European Political Science Review 9, no. 3 (December 11, 2015): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773915000417.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers the case of the international migrants’ confidence in political institutions, from a social embeddedness perspective on political trust. We use country-level aggregates of confidence in institutions as indicators of specific cultures of trust, and by employing data from the European Values Study, we test two competing hypotheses. First, as confidence in institutions depends on the values formed during early childhood, the international migrant’s confidence in political institutions in the current country of residency will be influenced by the confidence context from the country of origin. Second, the host country may have different norms of trust in political institutions, and a process of re-socialization may occur. Therefore, the immigrants’ confidence in institutions is influenced by two confidence contexts: one from the origin country and one from the host country. The time spent in the two cultures, along with other characteristics from these contexts, shape the interaction effects we tested in multilevel cross-classified models.
27
Katsantonis, Ioannis. "Cultural Variation in Aggressive Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Students’ Exposure to Bullying Across 32 Countries." Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology 19, no. 55 (December 1, 2021): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v19i55.3741.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The prevalence rates of bullying vary significantly across countries and continents. Specifically, UNESCO estimates that the prevalence rates vary from 22.8% (Central America) to 48.2% (Sub-Saharan Africa). Recently, these differences among countries and regions have been attributed to culture- and country-level variables. Thus, the first purpose of this study is to examine the comparability of bullying in schools across countries. Secondly, a cross-cultural comparison of the latent mean scores of bullying is implemented. Method. The data of 286,481 adolescent students (M=15.78, SD=0.29) from 32 countries were analyzed using multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (MLCFA) and multigroup factor alignment. Results. Results indicated that the meaning of bullying is equivalent within and between cultures. However, cross-cultural differences in bullying are apparent. East Asian countries have the lowest latent means of bullying, while Southeast Asian countries have the highest means. Anglo-Saxon, Eastern European, Mediterranean, South American, and Middle East countries displayed rather higher scores. Discussion and Conclusion. These findings underscore the existence of cross-cultural differential responding in bullying measures. Further, the implicit role of culture as an important variable that determines the rates of bullying is underscored.
28
Alvarez, Mauricio J., and Markus Kemmelmeier. "Free speech as a cultural value in the United States." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 5, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 707–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.590.
Full textAbstract:
Political orientation influences support for free speech, with liberals often reporting greater support for free speech than conservatives. We hypothesized that this effect should be moderated by cultural context: individualist cultures value individual self-expression and self-determination, and collectivist cultures value group harmony and conformity. These different foci should differently influence liberals and conservatives’ support for free speech within these cultures. Two studies evaluated the joint influence of political orientation and cultural context on support for free speech. Study 1, using a multilevel analysis of data from 37 U.S. states (n = 1,001), showed that conservatives report stronger support for free speech in collectivist states, whereas there were no differences between conservatives and liberals in support for free speech in individualist states. Study 2 (n = 90) confirmed this pattern by priming independent and interdependent self-construals in liberals and conservatives. Results demonstrate the importance of cultural context for free speech. Findings suggest that in the U.S. support for free speech might be embraced for different reasons: conservatives’ support for free speech appears to be motivated by a focus on collectively held values favoring free speech, while liberals’ support for free speech might be motivated by a focus on individualist self-expression.
29
Stadnichenko, Olga, Valentyna Kravchenko, Oksana Protsenko, Mykola Stasyk, and Olena Olshanska. "Pedagogical aspects of the ethnocultural context of the personality in the literature of the beginning of the XXI century." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3D (October 10, 2021): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173d1700p.140-145.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of the research is to analyze the pedagogical aspects of the ethnocultural elements of personality in the literature. The problems of their balance affect the formation of multilevel self-identification: ethnocultural, personal, civil, professional. The search for parameters for the development of the modern educational system in the new civilized conditions led to the emergence at the end of the twentieth century of various approaches, ideas, concepts of multicultural, ethnocultural, national-regional and global education. Each of the concepts considers and solves the problems of pluralism of cultures and its reflection in education in its own way. The results of the research is to determine the pedagogical aspects of the ethnocultural elements of the personality in the literature.
30
Baugut, Philip, Nayla Fawzi, and Carsten Reinemann. "Close, Dependent, and Out of Touch with the People? Investigating and Explaining Local Political Communication Cultures in a Multilevel Analysis." International Journal of Press/Politics 22, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161217705470.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship of political actors and journalists is a central topic in political communication research. However, it remains challenging to explain the different patterns of interaction observed in different contexts. To address that challenge, this study draws theoretically on the concept of “political communication cultures” and transfers the logic of internationally comparative research to the local level to analyze patterns and causes of politics–media interactions in a large number of diverse contexts. To this end, micro-level empirical data from a representative survey of more than 600 local political actors and journalists in fifty-two German cities were integrated with macro-level data describing the social, political, and media contexts of those cities. This allows us, first, to describe patterns of politics–media relations at the notoriously under-researched local level in terms of proximity, dependency, and seclusiveness of the politics–media milieu. Second, we are able to investigate various potential micro- and macro-level causes of those patterns. We show that different dimensions of relationships are variously affected by different factors; among these, media and political competition seem to be significant predictors of politics–media relations.
31
Vignoles, Vivian L., Peter B. Smith, Maja Becker, and Matthew J. Easterbrook. "In Search of a Pan-European Culture: European Values, Beliefs, and Models of Selfhood in Global Perspective." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 6 (June 21, 2018): 868–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022117738751.
Full textAbstract:
What, if any, are the common cultural characteristics that distinguish European societies and groups when viewed against a backdrop of global cultural variation? We sought to identify any shared features of European cultures through secondary multilevel analyses of two large datasets that together provided measures of cultural values, beliefs, and models of selfhood from samples in all inhabited continents. Although heterogeneous in many respects—including the value dimension of autonomy versus embeddedness—European samples shared two distinctive features: a decontextualized representation of personhood and a cultural model of selfhood emphasizing difference from others. Compared with samples from other regions, European samples on average also emphasized egalitarianism and harmony values, commitment to others in their models of selfhood, and an immutable concept of personhood, but not uniformly so. We interpret these findings in relation to a Durkheimian model of individualism.
32
Bertogg, Ariane. "Regional Chances, Regional Constraints?: Transition to Adulthood and Intergenerational Ties in Regional Context." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 2 (September 2, 2018): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818797529.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging adulthood entails a profound change in child–parent relationships. This development is influenced by the societal context, both on the national and the regional level. Previous studies have confirmed the role of political, economic, and cultural characteristics in explaining differences between countries in young adults’ life-course developments and intergenerational ties. Systematic regionally comparative research on the role of these factors, on the other hand, is still lacking. The aim of this article is to investigate how regional characteristics influence young adults’ intergenerational ties. Drawing on the example of Switzerland, the multilevel analyses use data from the Transitions from Education to Employment study. The findings indicate that different welfare regimes, labor markets, and cultures not only have an indirect effect by shaping opportunities and frames of orientation for life-course developments but also directly influence the intergenerational ties of young adults.
33
Fingerman, Karen L., Yen-Pi Cheng, Kyungmin Kim, Helene H. Fung, Gyounghae Han, Frieder R. Lang, Wonkyung Lee, and Jenny Wagner. "Parental Involvement With College Students in Germany, Hong Kong, Korea, and the United States." Journal of Family Issues 37, no. 10 (July 3, 2014): 1384–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14541444.
Full textAbstract:
Rates of college attendance have increased throughout the world. This study asked whether students across nations experience high involvement with parents (frequent contact and support) and how satisfied they are with parental involvement. College students from four major Western and Asian economies participated—Germany ( n = 458), Hong Kong ( n = 276), Korea ( n = 257), and the United States ( n = 310). Consistent with solidarity theory, students across nations reported frequent contact with parents and receiving several forms of social support (e.g., practical, emotional, and advice) every month. Multilevel models revealed that Asian students received more frequent parental support than German or U.S. students but were less satisfied with that support. Students in Hong Kong resided with parents more often and gave more support to parents than students in other cultures. Discussion focuses on cultural (i.e., filial obligation) and structural (i.e., coresidence) factors explaining parental involvement.
34
Bullough, Amanda, Maija Renko, and Dina Abdelzaher. "Women’s Business Ownership: Operating Within the Context of Institutional and In-Group Collectivism." Journal of Management 43, no. 7 (December 4, 2014): 2037–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206314561302.
Full textAbstract:
The development of women’s entrepreneurship has positive implications for societal and economic growth. In this study, we examine the effects of culture and, more specifically, collectivism on women’s businesses. With a mixed-method and multilevel approach, we conducted a quantitative country-level analysis followed by a qualitative study of women entrepreneurs. Our results indicate that collectivism at the in-group level (family and close friends and colleagues) is a particularly important predictor of women’s business ownership. Furthermore, it is a balance of both collectivism and individualism at the in-group level that is most conducive to women’s business ownership. Institutional collectivism (at the societal level) acts as a background condition that influences the way in which in-group collectivism directly affects women’s business ownership. More specifically, when engaging in business development, women are primarily influenced by their in-groups. The freedom to pursue individual goals, combined with support from the in-group, provides the most beneficial environment for women to develop businesses, especially in societal-level cultures at the extreme ends of the collectivism spectrum—highly collectivistic or highly individualistic. A better understanding of these cultural factors should help with designing better business development training programs for women entrepreneurs and properly advising policy makers.
35
Edington, B. V., and L. E. Hightower. "Induction of a chicken small heat shock (stress) protein: evidence of multilevel posttranscriptional regulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 9 (September 1990): 4886–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.9.4886-4898.1990.
Full textAbstract:
A novel form of regulation of expression of a vertebrate heat shock gene is described. A cDNA clone encoding human Hsp27 was shown to specifically recognize chicken Hsp23 RNA by Northern (RNA) blot analysis and hybrid-select translation. This probe was then used to measure chicken hsp23 gene activity in control and heat-stressed cells. The hsp23 gene(s) was transcriptionally active in non-heat-stressed cells, and its rate of transcription did not increase significantly upon heat shock. Cytoplasmic Hsp23 mRNA, which was metabolically very stable in nonstressed cells, underwent a fourfold increase in amount after a 1-h heat shock, resulting in a twofold increase in Hsp23 mRNA in polysomes. Hsp23 mRNA was relatively abundant and translationally active even in non-heat-shocked cells. Taken together, these data implicated posttranscriptional nuclear events as an important control point for induction of Hsp23 RNA transcripts. The protein half-life of Hsp23 increased from approximately 2 h in control cultures to 13 h in heat-shocked cells, revealing a second major control point. Hsp23 which was synthesized prior to heat shock also increased in stability and contributed to the overall accumulation of Hsp23 in heat-shocked cells. Cycloheximide had no effect on this change in Hsp23 half-life, while dactinomycin blocked the stabilization of Hsp23, suggesting a need for newly synthesized RNA. These data indicated that stabilization of Hsp23 protein and posttranscriptional nuclear events resulting in increased production of Hsp23 mRNA were primarily responsible for a 13-fold increase in the accumulation of newly synthesized Hsp23 after 1 h of heat shock. The regulation of the hsp23 gene is discussed in comparison with several other posttranscriptionally regulated genes, including the proto-oncogene c-fos, the developmentally regulated chicken delta-crystallin gene, and regulation of cellular gene expression by the proto-oncogene c-myc.
36
Edington, B. V., and L. E. Hightower. "Induction of a chicken small heat shock (stress) protein: evidence of multilevel posttranscriptional regulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 9 (September 1990): 4886–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.9.4886.
Full textAbstract:
A novel form of regulation of expression of a vertebrate heat shock gene is described. A cDNA clone encoding human Hsp27 was shown to specifically recognize chicken Hsp23 RNA by Northern (RNA) blot analysis and hybrid-select translation. This probe was then used to measure chicken hsp23 gene activity in control and heat-stressed cells. The hsp23 gene(s) was transcriptionally active in non-heat-stressed cells, and its rate of transcription did not increase significantly upon heat shock. Cytoplasmic Hsp23 mRNA, which was metabolically very stable in nonstressed cells, underwent a fourfold increase in amount after a 1-h heat shock, resulting in a twofold increase in Hsp23 mRNA in polysomes. Hsp23 mRNA was relatively abundant and translationally active even in non-heat-shocked cells. Taken together, these data implicated posttranscriptional nuclear events as an important control point for induction of Hsp23 RNA transcripts. The protein half-life of Hsp23 increased from approximately 2 h in control cultures to 13 h in heat-shocked cells, revealing a second major control point. Hsp23 which was synthesized prior to heat shock also increased in stability and contributed to the overall accumulation of Hsp23 in heat-shocked cells. Cycloheximide had no effect on this change in Hsp23 half-life, while dactinomycin blocked the stabilization of Hsp23, suggesting a need for newly synthesized RNA. These data indicated that stabilization of Hsp23 protein and posttranscriptional nuclear events resulting in increased production of Hsp23 mRNA were primarily responsible for a 13-fold increase in the accumulation of newly synthesized Hsp23 after 1 h of heat shock. The regulation of the hsp23 gene is discussed in comparison with several other posttranscriptionally regulated genes, including the proto-oncogene c-fos, the developmentally regulated chicken delta-crystallin gene, and regulation of cellular gene expression by the proto-oncogene c-myc.
37
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., M. Debbané, J. Ortuño-Sierra, R. C. K. Chan, D. C. Cicero, L. C. Zhang, C. Brenner, et al. "The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001829.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundSchizotypal traits are considered a phenotypic-indicator of schizotypy, a latent personality organization reflecting a putative liability for psychosis. To date, no previous study has examined the comparability of factorial structures across samples originating from different countries and cultures. The main goal was to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores by amalgamating data from studies conducted in 12 countries and across 21 sites.MethodThe overall sample consisted of 27 001 participants (37.5% males,n= 4251 drawn from the general population). The mean age was 22.12 years (s.d.= 6.28, range 16–55 years). The SPQ was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multilevel CFA (ML-CFA) were used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the SPQ scores.ResultsAt the SPQ item level, the nine factor and second-order factor models showed adequate goodness-of-fit. At the SPQ subscale level, three- and four-factor models displayed better goodness-of-fit indices than other CFA models. ML-CFA showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients values were lower than 0.106. The three-factor model showed adequate goodness of fit indices in multilevel analysis. The ordinalαcoefficients were high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 across individual samples, and from 0.84 to 0.91 for the combined sample.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with the conceptual notion that schizotypal personality is a multifaceted construct and support the validity and utility of SPQ in cross-cultural research. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results for diagnostic systems, psychosis models and cross-national mental health strategies.
38
Brandt, Mark J., and P. J. Henry. "Gender Inequality and Gender Differences in Authoritarianism." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38, no. 10 (June 25, 2012): 1301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212449871.
Full textAbstract:
Authoritarianism may be endorsed in part as a means of managing and buffering psychological threats (e.g., Duckitt & Fisher, 2003; Henry, 2011). Building on this research, the authors postulated that authoritarianism should be especially prevalent among women in societies with high levels of gender inequality because they especially face more psychological threats associated with stigma compared with men. After establishing that authoritarianism is, in part, a response to rejection, a psychological threat associated with stigma (Study 1), the authors used multilevel modeling to analyze data from 54 societies to find that women endorsed authoritarian values more than men, especially in individualistic societies with high levels of gender inequality (Study 2). Results show that the threats of stigma for women are not uniform across different cultures and that the degree of stigma is related to the degree of endorsement of psychologically protective attitudes such as authoritarianism.
39
Thumlert, Kurt, Ron Owston, and Taru Malhotra. "Transforming school culture through inquiry-driven learning and iPads." Journal of Professional Capital and Community 3, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-09-2017-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a commissioned research study that analyzed a schooling initiative with the ambitious goal of transforming learning environments across the district by advancing innovative, inquiry-driven pedagogical practices combined with 1:1 iPad distribution. The paper explores impacts of the initiative on pedagogical innovation, twenty-first century learning, and related impacts on professional learning, collaboration, and culture change in the pilot schools analyzed in the study. Design/methodology/approach A multi-dimensional case study approach was used to analyze how the initiative was implemented, and to what extent teaching, learning, and professional cultures were transformed, based on action plan inputs and “change drivers”. Research methods included structured, open-ended interviews conducted with randomly selected teachers and key informants in leadership roles, focus groups held with students, as well as analysis of policy documents, student work samples, and other data sources. Findings The authors found evidence of a synergistic relationship between innovations in inquiry-driven pedagogy and professional learning cultures, with evidence of increased collaboration, deepened engagement and persistence, and a climate of collegiality and risk-taking at both classroom and organizational levels. Based on initiative inputs, the authors found that innovations in collaborative technology/pedagogy practices in classrooms paralleled similar innovations and transformations in professional learning cultures and capacity-building networks. Practical implications This initiative analyzed in this paper provides a case study in large-scale system change, offering a compelling model for transformative policies and initiatives where interwoven innovations in pedagogy and technology mobilization are supported by multiple drivers for formal and informal professional learning/development and networked collaboration. Challenges and recommendations are highlighted in the concluding discussion. Originality/value The transformative initiative analyzed in this paper provides a very timely case-model for innovations in twenty-first century learning and, specifically, for enacting and sustaining large-scale system change where inquiry-driven learning and technology tools are being mobilized to support “deep learning”, “new learning partnerships”, and multilevel transformations in professional learning (Fullan and Donnelly, 2013). This research advances scholarly work in the areas of twenty-first century learning, identifying relationships between technology/pedagogy innovation and professional capital building (Hargreaves and Fullan, 2012).
40
El Haddad, Pierre, Alexandre Anatolievich Bachkirov, and Olga Grishina. "Comparative CSR decision-making in the Middle East: an exploratory study." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 14, no. 4 (March 22, 2021): 792–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-01-2020-0017.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to explore the commonalities and differences of corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions among business leaders in Oman and Lebanon, two Middle Eastern countries forming a comparative dyad with a high level of cultural variance within the Arab cluster. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit qualitative data that were analyzed by means of multilevel analysis. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence that CSR is a powerful factor in managerial decision-making in the Middle East with the national cultures of Oman and Lebanon exerting partially differing effects on CSR decision-making. Practical implications The study enlightens practicing managers and policymakers in terms of the salience of multiple actors’ influence on CSR decision-making processes and the responses they may receive when developing and implementing CSR initiatives in the Middle East. Originality/value The study proposes a seven nodal model, which captures the flow of CSR decision-making in the research contexts.
41
Marksteiner, Tamara, Marc Philipp Janson, and Hanna Beißert. "Belonging as Compensator." Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 52, no. 3-4 (July 2020): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000221.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Bullying is a serious issue among adolescents worldwide. It has been conceptualized as a type of physical or indirect peer victimization that occurs repeatedly over time and is characterized by a systematic abuse of power. Being bullied at school severely affects victims’ health and well-being. What protects students from these consequences? We investigate feelings of belonging –i. e., the feeling that one is accepted, included, respected, and valued in the respective social environment – as a possible compensator for bullying consequences across different cultures. We hypothesize that being bullied is less severe for students who have strong feelings of belonging. We use data from 319,057 15-year-old students across 47 countries. Multilevel regression analyses replicated that bullying and well-being are negatively associated. Further, the results indicated, as expected, that feelings of belonging compensate for the negative impact that bullying has on well-being. Practical implications as well as limitations are discussed.
42
Taylor, Ian M., and Chris Lonsdale. "Cultural Differences in the Relationships Among Autonomy Support, Psychological Need Satisfaction, Subjective Vitality, and Effort in British and Chinese Physical Education." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 32, no. 5 (October 2010): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.5.655.
Full textAbstract:
Using basic psychological needs theory (BPNT; Ryan & Deci, 2000) as our guiding framework, we explored cultural differences in the relationships among physical education students’ perceptions of teacher autonomy support, psychological need satisfaction, subjective vitality and effort in class. Seven hundred and fifteen students (age range from 13 to 15 years) from the U.K. and Hong Kong, China, completed a multisection inventory during a timetabled physical education class. Multilevel analyses revealed that the relationships among autonomy support, subjective vitality and effort were mediated by students’ perceptions of psychological need satisfaction. The relationship between autonomy support and perceptions of competence was stronger in the Chinese sample, compared with the U.K. sample. In addition, the relationship between perceptions of relatedness and effort was not significant in the Chinese students. The findings generally support the pan-cultural utility of BPNT and imply that a teacher-created autonomy supportive environment may promote positive student experiences in both cultures.
43
Ricotta, Emily E., Kenneth N. Olivier, Yi Ling Lai, D. Rebecca Prevots, and Jennifer Adjemian. "Hospital-based antibiotic use in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex." ERJ Open Research 4, no. 4 (October 2018): 00109–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00109-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Treatment guidelines exist for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, although studies suggest poor concordance in clinician practice. Using a national database including hospital encounters of laboratory-confirmed MAC patients, we sought to characterise US treatment practices.We assessed patients in the Premier Healthcare Database from 2009 to 2013 with two or more MAC-positive cultures or one MAC-positive culture and the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) code for pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM). Treatment was characterised by patient-, provider- and facility-level factors; significant differences were assessed (p<0.05). Multilevel Poisson regression estimated adjusted relative risks (aRR) of receiving guidelines-based or macrolide resistance-promoting regimens.Of 1326 MAC patients, 645 (49%) received treatment: 10% received guidelines-based treatment and 18% resistance-associated therapy. Patients were more likely to receive guidelines-based therapy if they had multiple hospital encounters (aRR 1.5), codes for PNTM (aRR 5.7) or tuberculosis (aRR 4.5) or radiological procedures (aRR 10.9); multiple hospital encounters (aRR 0.8) or a tuberculosis code (aRR 0.1) were less likely to be associated with receiving resistance-promoting regimens.In hospital-based MAC patients, half received antibiotics active against MAC, a low proportion received therapy based on MAC guidelines and many received antibiotics that promote macrolide resistance. Improved implementation of guidelines-based treatment is needed to decrease use of regimens associated with macrolide resistance.
44
Matějů, Petr, Michael L. Smith, Simona Weidnerová, and Petra Anýžová. "The role of basic values and education on women’s work and family preferences in Europe." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2017): 494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2016-0117.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz’ basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro- and macro-conditions, in order to test whether individual values shape women’s work-family orientations in ways predicted by Hakim’s preference theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2004, where a battery of questions on human values and work-family preferences were posed, and apply a multilevel approach to take into account national cultural and economic conditions across 25 European countries. Findings In line with the dual-process model and preference theory, the authors show that internalised values, particularly conservatism, shape work-family orientations much more than national social and cultural conditions; in addition, the effect of women’s education on work-value orientations is stronger in countries with more conservative national cultures, suggesting that education may help women overcome social barriers in the choice of their work-career preference. Originality/value While values may shape work-family orientations differently in non-European or less affluent cultures, these findings reveal the importance of bringing values back into the analysis of individual preferences and behaviours towards the labour market.
45
Kirkegaard, Marie Louise, Pete Kines, Katharina Christiane Jeschke, and Keld Alstrup Jensen. "Risk Perceptions and Safety Cultures in the Handling of Nanomaterials in Academia and Industry." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Work and research with nanomaterials (NMs) has primarily focused on innovation, toxicity, governance, safety management tools, and public perceptions. The aim of this study was to identify academia and industry occupational safety and health (OSH) managers’ perceptions and handling of NMs, in relation to safety culture. Methods Semistructured interviews were carried out with OSH managers at six academic institutions and six industrial companies. The interview statements were coded into five topics regarding NMs: risk comprehension, information gathering, actions, communication, and compliance. The statements were then coded according to a five-step safety culture maturity model reflecting increasing occupational safety maturity from passive, to reactive, active, proactive, and exemplary occupational safety. Results The safety culture maturity of the academic institutions were primarily active and proactive, whereas the industry group were primarily active and reactive. None of the statements were rated as exemplary, with the majority reflecting an active safety culture. The topics varied from a passive approach of having no focus on NMs and regarding risks as a part of the job, to applying proactive measures in the design, production, application, and waste management phases. Communication and introduction to OSH issues regarding NMs as well as compliance provided challenges in both academia and industry, given the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of students/staff and employees. Workplace leaders played a crucial role in establishing a legitimate approach to working safely with NMs, however, the currently available OSH information for NMs were described as insufficient, impractical, and inaccessible. There was an embedded problem in solely relying on safety data sheets, which were often not nanospecific, as this may have led to underprotection. Conclusions There is a need for more structured, up-to-date, easily accessible, and user-friendly tools and information regarding toxicity and threshold limit values, relevant OSH promotion information, legislation, and other rules. The study underscores the need for politicians and engineers to collaborate with communication experts and both natural and social scientists in effectively framing information on NMs. Such a collaboration should allow for flexible deployment of multilevel and integrated safety culture initiatives to support sustainable nanotechnology and operational excellence.
46
Bridges, Kelly J., Carli L. Bullis, Ajay Wanchu, and Khoi D. Than. "Pseudogout of the cervical and thoracic spine mimicking infection after lumbar fusion: case report." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 27, no. 2 (August 2017): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.12.spine16979.
Full textAbstract:
Pseudogout is a form of acute calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease that typically afflicts the elderly. CPPD commonly involves larger joints, such as the knees, wrists, shoulders, and hips, and has been known to involve the spine.The authors report the case of a 66-year-old woman with a recent history of lumbar laminectomy and fusion who presented 5 weeks postprocedure with a clinical and radiographic picture consistent with multilevel skip lesions involving the cervical and thoracic spine, thoracic discitis, and epidural abscess. Serial blood cultures and repeat biopsy samples were sterile. Subsequent wrist and ankle erythema, pain, and swelling led to synovial fluid analysis, and pseudogout was diagnosed. She was treated with an interleukin-1 inhibitor with immediate symptom relief.To the authors’ knowledge, this is only the second report of spinal pseudogout presenting with a clinical and radiographic picture consistent with discitis and epidural abscess. This report is the first to report skip lesions of pseudogout occurring throughout the spine that are uniquely remote from a recent lumbar surgery.
47
Granberg, Mikael, Karyn Bosomworth, Susie Moloney, Ann-Catrin Kristianssen, and Hartmut Fünfgeld. "Can Regional-Scale Governance and Planning Support Transformative Adaptation? A Study of Two Places." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 6978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246978.
Full textAbstract:
The idea that climate change adaptation is best leveraged at the local scale is a well-institutionalized script in both research and formal governance. This idea is based on the argument that the local scale is where climate change impacts are “felt” and experienced. However, sustainable and just climate futures require transformations in systems, norms, and cultures that underpin and reinforce our unsustainable practices and development pathways, not just “local” action. Governance interventions are needed to catalyse such shifts, connecting multilevel and multiscale boundaries of knowledge, values, levels and organizational remits. We critically reflect on current adaptation governance processes in Victoria, Australia and the Gothenburg region, Sweden to explore whether regional-scale governance can provide just as important leverage for adaptation as local governance, by identifying and addressing intersecting gaps and challenges in adaptation at local levels. We suggest that regional-scale adaptation offers possibilities for transformative change because they can identify, connect, and amplify small-scale (local) wins and utilize this collective body of knowledge to challenge and advocate for unblocking stagnated, institutionalized policies and practices, and support transformative change.
48
Paloutzian, Raymond. "Psychology of Religion in the World." Revista Pistis Praxis 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/2175-1838.09.001.ds01.
Full textAbstract:
The psychology of religion used to be a small and little known field. Although a few pockets of work in the area were done when Psychology began, it was functionally nonexistent for 1/3 of psychology’s history, and received little attention for most of the rest of it. However, in the past 20 years the field has become vast in scope. It now intersects all subfields of general psychology. Also, the psychology of religion no longer exists only in Western countries. It is now an international field with research being conducted worldwide. This article summarizes this trend and documents psychology of religion in the world and in Brazil as a part of it. The need for a multilevel interdisciplinary approach to research and theory is highlighted, as a way to synthesize knowledge of religiousness cross-culturally and trans-religiously. Future research should invoke a meaningmaking model in order to examine not merely observable religious behaviors, beliefs, or experiences, but their underlying roots, i.e., their meanings and attributions made about them. Such research can help us eliminate barriers between disciplines, cultures, religions, and nations.
49
Maume, David, Ervin (Maliq) Matthew, and George Wilson. "Minority Threat, Worker Power, and Discriminatory Complaints: State-level Effects on Racial Income Inequality among Men." Social Currents 5, no. 3 (March 21, 2018): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496518762000.
Full textAbstract:
Because U.S. states are meaningful polities with differing cultures and institutions, they are important locations for the struggles for resources. Yet there have been surprisingly few studies of how state-level cleavages and institutions shape the pattern of income inequality, especially by race. This article matches individual-level data on income and its determinants (from the Current Population Survey) to state-level measures (mostly from Census data) of varying demographic, power, and institutional configurations. A multilevel model of the racial pay gap is estimated showing that racial income inequality increases with the size of the minority population in the state but decreases with the rate of filing racial discrimination complaints with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The index of labor market power (a scaled index of union density and the size of the public sector) increases pay across the board but does not reduce racial income inequality. The findings suggest that recent and current neoliberal efforts across states to shrink government, limit unions, and abandon enforcement of antidiscrimination will lower wages for all workers and exacerbate racial income inequality.
50
Wong, Shiu Yee, Allan Chak Lun Fu, Jia Han, Jianhua Lin, and Mun Cheung Lau. "Effectiveness of customised safety intervention programmes to increase the safety culture of hospital staff." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 4 (October 2021): e000962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000962.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of customised safety interventions in improving the safety cultures of both clinical and non-clinical hospital staff. This was assessed using the Safety Attitude Questionnaire-Chinese at baseline, 2 years and 4 years after the implementation of safety interventions with a high response rate ranging from 80.5% to 87.2% and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.93). The baseline survey revealed a relatively low positive attitude response in the Safety Climate (SC) domain. Both SC and Working Conditions (WC) domains were shown to have increased positive attitude responses in the second survey, while only the Management Perception domain had gained 3.8% in the last survey. In addition, safety dimensions related to collaboration with doctors and service delays due to communication breakdown were significantly improved after customised intervention was applied. Safety dimensions related to safety training, reporting and safety awareness had a high positive response in the initial survey; however, the effect was difficult to sustain subsequently. Multilevel analysis further illustrated that non-clinical staff were shown to have a more positive attitude than clinical staff, while female staff had a higher positive attitude percentage in job satisfaction than male staff. The results showed some improvements in various safety domains and dimensions, but also revealed inconsistent changes in subsequent surveys. The change in positive safety culture over the years and its sustainability need to be further explored. It is suggested that hospital management should continuously monitor and evaluate their strategies while delivering multifaceted interventions to be more specifically focused and to motivate staff to be enthusiastic in sustaining patient safety culture.