Academic literature on the topic 'Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials"
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Liu, Jialin, David Hui, and Denvid Lau. "Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based polymer composites: Fundamentals and applications." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (2022): 770–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0041.
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Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites exhibit superior properties and multifunctional applications. Compared to lower dimensional nanomaterials such as nanotubes and nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials show a larger surface area. The large surface area makes 2D nanomaterials more effectively restrict the mobility of polymer chains and yields better reinforcing efficiency than the lower-dimensional nanomaterials. To gain an in-depth understanding and extend the applications of polymer composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials, this paper reviews the progress in the fundamentals of synthesis and applications of such composites. The motivation and improvement of adding 2D nanomaterials to polymer materials are introduced first, followed by the synthesis approaches and the properties of typical 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride nanosheet, and molybdenum disulfide nanosheet. Based on the properties of 2D nanomaterials, polymer composites reinforced with different types of 2D nanomaterials are designed for structural application, thermal dissipation application, tribological application, three-dimensional printing composite structures, and strain sensing application. Afterwards, the significance of reinforcement–matrix interaction and its improving approach are reviewed. The current progress envisions that polymer composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials can be used in the fields of aviation and aerospace for improving radiation shielding capacity and nanomedical engineering.
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Danilenko, I., O. Gorban, A. Shylo, L. Akhkozov, M. Lakusta, and T. Konstantinova. "New multifunctional zirconia composite nanomaterials – from electronics to ceramics." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 213 (June 2017): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/213/1/012016.
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Tran, Thien, Daniel M. Deocampo, and Nadine Kabengi. "Synthesis and Optimization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes–Ferrihydrite Hybrid Composite." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010005.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are a family of carbon nanomaterials that have uses in many technological and medical applications due to their unique properties. However, compared to other nanomaterials, CNT have a significantly lower specific surface areas (SSA), which is a critical limitation for applications. To overcome this limitation, here, we report a new protocol to synthesize a hybrid material composed of varying ratios of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and ferrihydrite (FHY). Furthermore, through a series of physical and electrochemical characterization tests, we determined that 36% FHY and 64% MWCNT is the optimum ratio for a composite that maximizes both SSA and specific capacitance. The calculated SSA of the composite was 190 m2·g−1, 2.9 times higher than that of MWCNT alone. Moreover, the composite retained valuable electrochemical properties of CNT with an estimated specific capacitance of 100 F·g−1. This composite is a promising multifunctional nanomaterial for environmental and technological applications requiring electrochemical reactivity and high specific areas such as environmental biosensors, and capacitive deionization for wastewater remediation, and water softening.
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Ali, Alamry, and Andri Andriyana. "Properties of multifunctional composite materials based on nanomaterials: a review." RSC Advances 10, no. 28 (2020): 16390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10594h.
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Chan, Ming-Hsien, Wen-Tse Huang, Aishwarya Satpathy, Ting-Yi Su, Michael Hsiao, and Ru-Shi Liu. "Progress and Viewpoints of Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials for Glioblastoma Theranostics." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (2022): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020456.
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The most common malignant tumor of the brain is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in adults. Many patients die shortly after diagnosis, and only 6% of patients survive more than 5 years. Moreover, the current average survival of malignant brain tumors is only about 15 months, and the recurrence rate within 2 years is almost 100%. Brain diseases are complicated to treat. The reason for this is that drugs are challenging to deliver to the brain because there is a blood–brain barrier (BBB) protection mechanism in the brain, which only allows water, oxygen, and blood sugar to enter the brain through blood vessels. Other chemicals cannot enter the brain due to their large size or are considered harmful substances. As a result, the efficacy of drugs for treating brain diseases is only about 30%, which cannot satisfy treatment expectations. Therefore, researchers have designed many types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites to fight against the most common malignant tumors in the brain, and they have been successful in animal experiments. This review will discuss the application of various nanocomposites in diagnosing and treating GBM. The topics include (1) the efficient and long-term tracking of brain images (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, and near-infrared light (NIR)); (2) breaking through BBB for drug delivery; and (3) natural and chemical drugs equipped with nanomaterials. These multifunctional nanoparticles can overcome current difficulties and achieve progressive GBM treatment and diagnosis results.
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Tomšič, Brigita, Špela Bajrič, Kaja Cergonja, et al. "Tailoring of multifunctional cotton fabric by embedding a TiO2+ZnO composite into a chitosan matrix." Tekstilec 66 (July 7, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.66.2023049.
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The use of nanomaterials to functionalise textiles offers new opportunities for chemical modification of textile fibres’ surfaces to achieve multifunctional protective properties. In this study, novel coatings were tailored on cotton fabric by embedding a mixture of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) of different molar ratios into a chitosan polymer matrix. The excitation energies of the TiO2+ZnO composites generated in the coatings ranged from 3.20 eV to 3.25 eV, indicating that the photocatalytic performance of the functionalised cotton was driven by UV light. The presence of TiO2+ZnO composites increased the UV protection factor (UPF) of the cotton fabric from 4.2 for the untreated sample to 15–21 for the functionalised samples. The UPF values of the coatings slightly decreased after repeated washing. The ZnO in the TiO2+ZnO composites conferred biocidal activity to the coatings, which were resistant to washing at higher ZnO concentrations. In addition, the TiO2 in the TiO2+ZnO composites was responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic self-cleaning of the functionalised cotton, which was observed during the initial period of illumination at lower ZnO concentrations in the composite. The main advantage of these TiO2+ZnO composite coatings is their multifunctionality, which cannot be provided by single-component TiO2 or ZnO coatings. Moreover, these coatings have wide-ranging practical applications, as they were composed of commercially available nanomaterials and were applied using conventional pad–dry–cure equipment.
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Hu, Yu, Nan Yao, Jin Tan, and Yang Liu. "An Efficient and Reusable Multifunctional Composite Magnetic Nanocatalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation." Synlett 30, no. 06 (2019): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612076.
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A range of multifunctional magnetic metal–organic framework nanomaterials consisting of various mass ratios of the metal–organic framework MIL-53(Fe) and magnetic SiO2@NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were designed, prepared, characterized, and evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation. The as-fabricated nanomaterials, especially the nanocatalyst MIL-53(Fe)@SiO2@NiFe2O4(1.0), showed good catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature as a result of synergistic interaction between the Lewis acid iron sites of MIL-53(Fe) and the active sites of the magnetic SiO2@NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. In addition, the heterogeneous catalyst was readily recovered and a recycling test showed that it could be reused for five times without significant loss of its catalytic activity, making it economical and environmentally friendly.
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Shen, Jia-Yan, Ting Dong, Liang Fang, Jian-Jun Ma, and Li-Hong Zeng. "Study on Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials for Controlled Drug Release in Biomedicine." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 2 (2021): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18685.
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Nanoscience is a highly comprehensive, interdisciplinary discipline based on many advanced science and technology, and has developed very rapidly in the past few decades. Nanoscience and technology has been widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, materials science, chemistry, physics, and electronic information engineering. Nanomaterials are widely used due to their many excellent properties such as quantum size effects, small size effects, surface effects, and tunneling effects, and have become hot research areas. It is very suitable as a carrier for antitumor drug molecules, which is conducive to improving drug efficacy and reducing drugs side effects. After selective functionalization, it is highly possible to achieve the loading and release of multiple drug molecules. Based on the magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4-MSNs composite nanoparticles, we have modified a series of organosilane coupling agents on its surface. The most commonly used antitumor drug (adriamycin) in clinical was selected as a model to evaluate the loading and release behavior of modified composite nanoparticles Fe3O4-MSNs on this drug. The results indicate that Fe3O4 is selectively modified after appropriate modification of the silane coupling agent. MSNs carrier can effectively regulate the adsorption and release rate of hydrophilic DOX and hydrophobic PTX, and shows a good drug control ability.
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Monteserín, Cristina, Miren Blanco, Nieves Murillo, et al. "Novel Antibacterial and Toughened Carbon-Fibre/Epoxy Composites by the Incorporation of TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified Electrospun Nanofibre Veils." Polymers 11, no. 9 (2019): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091524.
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The inclusion of electrospun nanofiber veils was revealed as an effective method for enhancing the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites. These veils will eventually allow the incorporation of nanomaterials not only for mechanical reinforcement but also in multifunctional applications. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of electrospun nanofibrous veils made of polyamide 6 modified with TiO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of a carbon-fiber/epoxy composite. The nanofibers were included in the carbon-fiber/epoxy composite as a single structure. The effect of positioning these veils in different composite positions was investigated. Compared to the reference, the use of unmodified and TiO2 modified veils increased the flexural stress at failure and the fracture toughness of composites. When TiO2 modified veils were incorporated, new antibacterial properties were achieved due to the photocatalytic properties of the veils, widening the application area of these composites.
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Chan, Ming-Hsien, Chien-Hsiu Li, Yu-Chan Chang, and Michael Hsiao. "Iron-Based Ceramic Composite Nanomaterials for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (2022): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122584.
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Because of the unique physicochemical properties of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetism, high saturation magnetization, and high effective surface area, they have been applied in biomedical fields such as diagnostic imaging, disease treatment, and biochemical separation. Iron-based nanoparticles have been used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce clearer and more detailed images, and they have therapeutic applications in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). In recent years, researchers have used clay minerals, such as ceramic materials with iron-based nanoparticles, to construct nanocomposite materials with enhanced saturation, magnetization, and thermal effects. Owing to their unique structure and large specific surface area, iron-based nanoparticles can be homogenized by adding different proportions of ceramic minerals before and after modification to enhance saturation magnetization. In this review, we assess the potential to improve the magnetic properties of iron-based nanoparticles and in the preparation of multifunctional composite materials through their combination with ceramic materials. We demonstrate the potential of ferromagnetic enhancement and multifunctional composite materials for MRI diagnosis, drug delivery, MFH therapy, and cellular imaging applications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials"
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Carraro, Giorgio. "Is Rust a Real Must? From Design to Applications of Multifunctional Fe2O3-based Nanomaterials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423463.
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The present PhD thesis is devoted to the design and fabrication of multi-functional Fe2O3-based nanomaterials by means of vapor phase techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition, both thermal (CVD) and plasma enhanced (PECVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sputtering, either as such or combined into original preparation strategies.
The performed research activities have covered the entire material production chain, encompassing the preparation of the molecular precursor, the material development and chemico-physical characterization, up to the ultimate functional validation for energy and environmental applications. In particular, the attention has been initially devoted to the synthesis and characterization of a novel Fe(II) precursor [Fe(hfa)2TMEDA (hfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexauoro- 2,4-pentanedionate; TMEDA = N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediamine)], possessing improved properties for use in CVD processes with respect to the iron compounds proposed so far. The utilization of this compound in thermal CVD experiments yielded not only the most stable and widely used α-Fe2O3 phase, but also the rare and scarcely investigated β- and ε-Fe2O3 polymorphs, that could be selectively obtained as pure phases with controlled nano-organization. In addition, Fe(hfa)2TMEDA was used in PECVD experiments as molecular source for both Fe and F thanks to the unique reactivity of non-equilibrium cold plasmas, resulting in the obtainment of F-doped _- and _-Fe2O3 nanosystems. Following the e_orts devoted to the preparation of single-phase nanomaterials with improved functional performances, the fabrication of metal/oxide (M/Fe2O3, with M = Pt, Ag, Au) and oxide/oxide (CuO/Fe2O3, Fe3-xTixO4/Fe2O3) nanocomposites has finally been accomplished through the combination of CVD with sputtering or ALD. The study of the interplay between processing conditions, system features and functional activities was proved to be a successful tool of the whole PhD research activity. To this regard, a thorough characterization of the material composition, morphology and spatial organization, micro- and nano-structure and optical properties, was carried out by the use of forefront and complementary analytical techniques. In addition, the functional performances of selected nanosystems were investigated in view of their possible use in a variety of technological end-uses [magnetism, Li-ion batteries, gas sensing of ammable/toxic analytes, and photo-activated applications (photo-induced hydrophilicity, photocatalytic pollutant decomposition, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical H2 production)]. The results obtained in this PhD work demonstrate that the preparation of iron(III) oxide systems, either as such or in combination with others guest phases, with selected phase composition (α- or β- or ε-Fe2O3) and nano-organization, represents a valuable answer to meet open challenges in various high-tech applications. In particular, the adopted approaches involving vapour phase-related routes offer the possibility of future up-scaling and commercialization of the studied materials, one of the key issues for their technological exploitation in advanced devices.<br>La presente tesi di dottorato ha riguardato la progettazione e fabbricazione di nanomateriali multi-funzionali a base di Fe2O3 utilizzando tecniche da fase vapore, quali chemical vapor deposition, sia termica(CVD) che plasma assistita (PECVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD) e sputtering, sia come tali che combinate in originali strategie sintetiche ibride. Le attività di ricerca hanno coperto l'intera catena di produzione, partendo dalla sintesi del precursore molecolare, allo sviluppo e caratterizzazione chimico-fisica dei materiali fino al loro uso in applicazioni funzionali nel campo dell'energia e della salvaguardia ambientale. In particolare, l'attenzione ha inizialmente riguardato la sintesi e caratterizzazione di un nuovo precursore di Fe(II) [Fe(hfa)2TMEDA (hfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-esauoro-2,4- pentandionato; TMEDA = N,N,N',N'- tetrametiletilenediammina)], il quale possiede proprietà migliorate rispetto ai composti _nora utilizzati per applicazioni CVD. L'uso di questo complesso in esperimenti di CVD termico ha permesso non solo l'ottenimento della fase termodinamicamente più stabile e utilizzata α-Fe2O3, ma delle più rare e scarsamente studiate β- e ε-Fe2O3, che sono state selettivamente sintetizzate in forma pura e con nano-organizzazione controllata. Inoltre, Fe(hfa)2TMEDA _e stato usato anche in esperimenti PECVD come sorgente sia per Fe che per F, sfruttando la peculiare reattivit_a di plasmi freddi di non equilibrio per l'ottenimento di nanosistemi a base di α- e di β-Fe2O3 drogati con uoro. Sulla base degli sforzi dedicati alla sintesi di nanomateriali single-phase con migliorate proprietà funzionali, la fabbricazione di nanocompositi metallo/ossido (M/Fe2O3, con M = Pt, Ag, Au) e ossido/ossido (CuO/Fe2O3, Fe3-xTixO4/Fe2O3) è stata infine realizzata attraverso la combinazione di processi CVD con sputtering o ALD. Lo studio delle correlazioni fra le condizioni di processo, le caratteristiche chimico- fisiche dei nanosistemi e le loro prestazioni funzionali è stato un aspetto cruciale dell'intera ricerca nel corso del progetto di Dottorato. A tal riguardo, la caratterizzazione di composizione, morfologia, micro- e nano-struttura e proprietà ottiche dei materiali, è stata eseguita con l'utilizzo di svariate tecniche analitiche complementari tra di loro. Inoltre, le proprietà funzionali dei nanosistemi sintetizzati sono state indagate in vista del loro possibile utilizzo tecnologico in vari settori [magnetismo, batterie al litio, sensori di gas tossici/infiammabili e applicazioni foto-assistite (idrofilicità foto-indotta, degradazione fotocatalitica di inquinanti, produzione di H2 per via fotocatalitica e fotoelettrochimica)]. I risultati ottenuti in questa tesi dimostrano come la preparazione di sistemi a base di ossido di ferro(III), sia puri che multicomponente, con, composizione di fase (α- or β- or ε-Fe2O3) e nano-organizzazione controllata, come la fabbricazione di nanomateriali multi-componenti a base di ossidi di Fe(III), rappresenta una risposta efficace ai problemi aperti in vari campi tecnologici. In particolare, le strategie da fase vapore adottate aprono interessanti prospettive per una futura scalabilità industriale e commercializzazione dei materiali studiati, un punto chiave per il loro sfruttamento in dispositivi avanzati.
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Lee, Jeonyoon. "Nanomaterial-enabled manufacturing for next-generation multifunctional advanced composite prepreg laminate architectures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120256.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 179-193).<br>Manufacturing of advanced aerospace-grade structural composites has traditionally utilized autoclaves to impart heat and pressure, in addition to vacuum, to create high-quality, void (defect)- free, reproducible structures. Carbon (micro) fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, which are pre-impregnated with a thermoset or thermoplastic polymer to form prepreg sheets, are in widespread use via autoclave processing due to their ease of use and high fiber volume fraction. However, autoclaves have high capital costs, and incur high operating costs due to the convective heating and applied pressure. Furthermore, the fixed capacity of an autoclave limits the size and design of composite parts, and the production rate is limited by autoclave availability. As a result, there has been an increasing interest in the development of alternatives, for example, out-of-autoclave (OoA) specially-formulated prepregs that only require heat and vacuum (i.e., pressure is not required). OoA prepreg processing also has drawbacks due to their specialized morphological and chemical formulation for vacuum-only conditions, as well as part quality (especially, composite interlaminar properties) that is below autoclave-processed materials. In light of the limitations described above, this dissertation (1) develops a novel prepreg processing technique, termed 'out-of- oven' (OoO) curing, that conductively cures OoA prepregs via nanoengineered resistive heating; (2) expands the applicability of the OoO process to conventional autoclave-formulated prepregs; and (3) introduces multifunctionality in the form of cure status sensing. Characteristics of the OoO process using a CNT film as a heating element are first examined and compared to those of an oven curing process, focusing on an aerospace-grade OoA-formulated unidirectional aerospace-grade CFRP prepreg system. Thermophysical and mechanical property comparisons suggest that there is no difference in laminates cured via OoO and oven curing as evaluated by void content, degree of cure analysis, short beam shear interlaminar testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, and double-edge notch tensile testing. The OoO process reduces electrical energy consumption by two orders of magnitude (from 13.7 to 0.12 MJ) due to conductive vs. convective heating, under a typical industrial curing condition for a small (60 mm x 50 mm) test panel. Modeling shows that for parts beyond a meter-scale, energy savings will also be at least two orders of magnitude. Moreover, comparative finite element modeling of the OoO and oven curing shows excellent agreement with measured values, including the reduction in electrical energy and instantaneous power consumption. Altogether, these findings show that OoO curing works for OoA prepreg systems, with significant energy savings. Given the results of the first study, the next study effectively removes the need for an autoclave by adapting the OoO process to conventional autoclave-formulated prepreg systems that currently require applied pressure of ~700 kPa in addition to vacuum. This technique entails OoO curing plus insertion of a nanoporous network (NPN, e.g., vertically aligned CNT arrays) into the interlaminar regions of autoclave-formulated composite laminates. Capillary pressure due to the NPN is calculated to be of the same order as the pressure applied in conventional autoclave processing. Results show that capillary-enhanced polymer wetting by the NPN enables sufficient reduction of interlaminar voids to levels commensurate with autoclave-processed composites. Thermophysical property comparisons and short beam shear interlaminar strength testing show that OoO-processed composites with NPN are equivalent to those of autoclave-cured composites, with energy and other savings similar to OoO curing with OoA prepreg in the first study. Conformability of the NPN to the micron-scale topology of the prepreg surface, and continuous vacuum channels created by the NPN, are identified as key factors underlying interlaminar void reduction. Finally, this dissertation introduces a multifunctional aspect of the OoO manufacturing: an in situ cure status monitoring technique utilizing the nanostructured CNT-based heating element of the OoO process. The OoO heating elements are nanoporous and CNT-based, but in this study have different morphology (randomly-oriented or in-plane aligned CNTs) than the NPN (vertically aligned CNTs, A-CNTs). As OoO curing proceeds and the heating element is powered, the adjacent polymer flows into the nanoporous heater via capillary action. Based on cure status sensing experiments and theoretical models, it is found that electrical resistance changes of the heating element correspond to several mechanisms associated with different stages in the cure process, including polymer infiltration into the CNT network that causes the average CNT-CNT junction distance to increase, giving a resistance increase. Later in the manufacturing, as the polymer cross-linking occurs after infiltration into the heating element, chemical cure shrinkage decreases the CNT-CNT junction distance, leading to a decrease in resistance. Thus, the heating element is multifunctional as a cure status sensor, and is found to be highly repeatable, demonstrating a new capability to enhance both quality and productivity of composite manufacturing. OoO curing and related processing techniques introduced here are expected to contribute to the design and manufacturing of next-generation multifunctional composite architectures. These processing techniques have several advantages, including: (1) compatibility with a wide range of composite materials, including OoA- and autoclave-formulated prepregs; (2) removal of size and shape constraints on composite components imposed by the use of a heating vessel; (3) manufacturing cost savings by efficient conductive (as opposed to convective) thermal processing; (4) production improvements via the in situ cure status monitoring by multifunctional heating elements as cure sensors; and (5) the potential for spatial heating control to accommodate structural features such as thick and thin transitions. Future work will expand the techniques to thermoplastics and other high-temperature polymers. The OoO techniques are expected to enable several systems-level production and operational savings, such as accelerated cure cycles, that require further study. Other areas of exploration include on-site composite curing and repair, and leveraging the spatial control of heat flux from the OoO technique into other OoA composite processes, such as resin infusion and resin transfer molding.<br>by Jeonyoon Lee.<br>Ph. D.
Books on the topic "Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials"
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Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials Conference (2nd 2008 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt). Proceedings of the ASME 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials Conference--2008: Presented at the 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials Conference, January 11-13, 2008, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. ASME, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials"
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Kannan, Karthik, Devi Radhika, R. Suriyaprabha, Sreeja K. Satheesh, and L. Sivarama Krishna. "Emergent Nanomaterials and Their Composite Fabrication for Multifunctional Applications." In Nanomaterials in Bionanotechnology. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003139744-5.
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Alimuddin and Salman A. Khan. "Graphene-Analog Boron Nitride Nanomaterial and Their Photocatalytic Applications." In Multifunctional Boron-Nitride Composites. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2866-8_5.
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Bagheri, Samira, Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, and Negar Mansouri. "Nanocrystalline Cellulose: Green, Multifunctional and Sustainable Nanomaterials." In Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632.ch142.
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A. Butt, Hassaan, German V. Rogozhkin, Andrei Starkov, Dmitry V. Krasnikov, and Albert G. Nasibulin. "Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer/Fiber Composites: Fiber-Based Integration and Properties." In Next Generation Fiber-Reinforced Composites - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108810.
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Carbon nanotubes are one of the most versatile nanomaterials currently used to modify the properties of both thermoplastic and thermoset-based composites, both with and without the use of a fibrous reinforcement phase. Electrically and thermally conductive by nature, their addition to traditional fiber-reinforced polymer composites has not only heralded increased mechanical properties in terms of flexural, tensile, impact, and interlaminar properties, but also allowed imparting inherent conductivity to the final composites, allowing the creation of specialized, isotropic, anisotropic, and hierarchically graded composites with applications ranging from self-diagnostic damage detection, de-icing to energy storage and conversion. The purpose of this book chapter is to focus on the methods used to integrate carbon nanotubes, both anistropically and anisotropically via techniques that focus solely on the fibrous reinforcement phase and not the matrix, into fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials. The chapter aims to review the properties that may result from such integration of the various techniques, provide a current state of the art of the multifunctional properties, which have been achieved thus far, and outline possible future dimensions of investigation and application.
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Hoang Nam, Nguyen. "Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications." In Silver Micro-Nanoparticles - Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96712.
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Multifunctional silver nanoparticles have attracted widely due to their potential applications. Based on the properties of individual silver nanoparticles, such as plasmonic and antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles can become multifunctional by surface modifications with various surfactants or they can be combined in core-shell and composite structures with the magnetic nanoparticles to form bifunctional nanoparticles. After reviewing the methods of synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles, the chapter describes the synthesis and the properties of the new types of multifunctional silver nanomaterials based on the plasmonic behaviors of silver nanoparticles and the iron oxide Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles. One type is a simple combination of silver nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles in a silica matrix Fe3O4/Ag-4ATP@SiO2. Other types are the core-shell structured nanoparticles, where Fe3O4 nanoparticles play as the core and silver nanoparticles are the outer shell, so-called Fe3O4@SiO2-Ag and Fe3O4-Ag. In the Fe3O4@SiO2-Ag, silver nanoparticles are reduced on the surface of silica-coated magnetic core, while in Fe3O4-Ag, silver nanoparticles are directly reduced on the amino groups functionalized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles without coating with silica. Both of types of the multifunctional silver nanoparticles show the plasmonic and magnetic properties similar as the individual silver and iron oxide nanoparticles. Finally, some applications of those multifunctional silver nanoparticles will be discussed.
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"Chapter 11 Formation of Multifunctional Fe3O4/Au Composite Nanoparticles for Dual-mode MR/CT Imaging Applications." In Synthesis and biomedical applications of magnetic nanomaterials. EDP Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2715-2.c013.
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Asghar, Hamza, Sara Baig, Mahnoor Naeem, et al. "Graphene Based Functional Hybrids: Design and Technological Applications." In Graphene - Recent Advances, Future Perspective and Applied Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108791.
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Because of the versatile chemical, physical, and electrical properties, graphene as well as its nanocomposites are regarded as the backbone of engineering and scientific innovation. Different physical and chemical methods are used to create sustainable carbon materials. Furthermore, fabrication methods are employed in order to produce the composites, which are of constituents with desirable properties. Because of their biocompatibility, graphene nanomaterials have enormous potential for improving biology and drug delivery. The proposed chapter provides a variety of fabrication methods for sustainable graphene composites and highlights various applications of graphene. Furthermore, graphene nanocomposites are promising multifunctional materials with improved tensile strength and elastic modulus. Despite some challenges and the fact that carbon nanotube/polymer composites are sometimes better in some specific performance, graphene nanocomposites may have a wide range of potential applications due to their outstanding properties and the low cost of graphene. Because these graphene composites have a controllable porous structure, a large surface area, high conductivity, high temperature stability, excellent anti-corrosion properties, and composite compatibility, they can be used in energy storage as electrocatalysts, electro-conductive additives, intercalation hosts, and an ideal substrate for active materials. Meanwhile, the chapter summaries the graphene nanocomposites requirements for technological innovation and scientific applied research.
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Henriques Ferreira, Sofia, Ana Rovisco, Andreia dos Santos, et al. "Porous ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized by Microwave Hydrothermal Method for Energy Harvesting Applications." In Nanopores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97060.
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The ever-growing global market for smart wearable technologies and Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for sustainable and multifunctional nanomaterials synthesized by low-cost and energy-efficient processing technologies. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a key material for this purpose due to the variety of facile methods that exist to produced ZnO nanostructures with tailored sizes, morphologies, and optical and electrical properties. In particular, ZnO nanostructures with a porous structure are advantageous over other morphologies for many applications because of their high specific surface area. In this chapter, a literature review on the latest progress regarding the synthesis and applications of ZnO with a porous morphology will be provided, with special focus on the synthesis by microwave hydrothermal method of these nanomaterials and their potential for application in energy harvesting devices. Nanogenerators of a composite made by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and porous ZnO nanostructures were explored and optimized, with an output voltage of (4.5 ± 0.3) V being achieved for the best conditions. The daily life applicability of these devices was demonstrated by lighting up a commercial LED, by manually stimulating the nanogenerator directly connected to the LED.
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"Graphitic Carbon Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Nanocomposites." In Smart Composites. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16257-8.
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John, Sam, Sreelakshmi Rajeevan, K. P. Greeshma, and Soney C. George. "Nanocellulose-based polymer composites for energy applications." In Applications of Multifunctional Nanomaterials. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820557-0.00031-x.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials"
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Abdel Hamid, Dalia, Amal Esawi, Inas Sami, and Randa Elsalawy. "Characterization of Nano- and Micro-Filled Resin Composites Used as Dental Restorative Materials." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47053.
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Adhesively-bonded resin composites have the advantage of conserving sound tooth structure with the potential for tooth reinforcement, while at the same time providing an aesthetically acceptable restoration. However, no composite material has been able to meet both the functional needs of posterior restorations and the superior aesthetics required for anterior restoration. In an attempt to develop a dental resin composite that had the mechanical strength of hybrid composite materials and the superior polish and gloss retention associated with microfilled materials, nanofilled resin composites have been introduced in the market. Although nanofillers are the most popular fillers utilized in current visible light-activated dental resin composites and are claimed to be the solution for the most challenging material limitations as a universal restorative material, the mechanisms by which these fillers influence the resin composite properties are not well explained. In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of a nanofilled resin composite containing 60 vol. % zirconia and silica fillers were evaluated and compared to those of a microhybrid resin composite of the same composition. The nanofilled resin composite was found to have equivalent polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure to the microhybrid material but a slightly lower degree of conversion and density. Regarding mechanical behaviour, although the nanocomposite was found to exhibit significantly higher wear resistance, and equivalent flexural strength, its indentation modulus and nanohardness were slightly lower. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the microstructure and to obtain a better understanding of the effect of the nanofillers on the behaviour of the nanocomposite.
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Aly-Hassan, Mohamed S., Yuka Kobayashi, Asami Nakai, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Tensile and Shear Properties of Biaxial Flat Braided Carbon/Epoxy Composites With Dispersed Carbon Nanofibers in the Matrix." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47057.
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In laminated flat braided composites there are no fibers through the thickness direction except at the edges due to the fiber continuity of the braiding technique. A delamination along the interlaminar planes can be propagated because of the lack of fibers in the Z- or third-direction to the composite. The delamination initiates essentially as a result of arising the stresses concentrations around the transverse or matrix cracks that appear due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the fibers and matrix during the fabrication process. The delamination renders low interlaminar composite properties and represents a fundamental weakness of laminated flat braided composites especially with increasing the braiding angle, and thus minimizes the shear stress transfer. In this research, laminated flat braided carbon fabrics were performed via flattening tubular braided fabrics with braiding angle of ±45° by applying carefully compressive loads laterally on the tubular fabrics. Then, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites were fabricated from the above-mentioned biaxial fabrics with and without uniformly dispersed carbon nanofibers throughout the epoxy matrix. Three loading percentages of carbon nanofibers (specifically, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) were dispersed in the matrix of the composites to enhance the matrix and interlaminar/inter-ply properties. The influence of matrix and interlaminar properties improvements on the in-plane tensile and shear response of the laminated flat braided composites was clarified via conducting of ±45° laminates tensile tests. The experimental results of tensile tests revealed that the tensile and in-plane shear properties as well as the fracture behavior of the composites are substantially influenced by the incorporation of the dispersed carbon nanofibers in the matrix of the composites. A pulsed thermography technique was used to inspect the occurrence of the delamination after the fracture under tensile loadings. The thermal wave image and logarithmic temperature-time curves of the pulsed thermography inspection illustrated that the composites with dispersed carbon nanofibers rendered higher interlaminar properties than that of composites without nanofibers. The main conclusion of this research can be summarized that dispersion of carbon nanofibers through the epoxy matrix of laminated flat braided composites is not only enhanced the matrix properties but also improved the interphase morphology between the composite plies that maximized the stress transfer of the composites. In other words, the fabricated braided composites with braiding angle of ±45° are predominantly by both of matrix and interlaminar properties.
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Du, H., S. H. Ng, K. T. Neo, et al. "Inorganic-Polymer Nanocomposites for Optical Applications." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17088.
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The combination of organic and inorganic materials forms unique composites with properties that neither of the two components provides. Such functional materials are considered innovative advanced materials that enable applications in many fields, including optics, electronics, separation membranes, protective coatings, catalysis, sensors, biotechnology, and others. The challenge of incorporating inorganic particles into an organic matrix still remains today, especially for nanoparticles, due to the difficulties in their dispersion, de-agglomeration and surface modification. NanoGram has pioneered a nanomaterials synthesis technology based on laser pyrolysis process to produce a wide range of crystalline nanomaterials including complex metal oxides, nitrides and sulfides and with precisely controlled compositions, crystal structure, particle size and size distributions. In this paper we will present some examples of nanocomposites prepared using different polymer host materials and phase-pure rutile TiO2. The inorganic component can be dispersed at higher 50 weight percent into the polymer matrix. We have demonstrated a 0.2–0.3 increase of refractive index in the composite over that of host polymer while maintaining high optical transparency. These nanocomposites can be used in a range of applications or optical devices, such as planar waveguides, flat panel displays, optical sensors, high-brightness LEDs, diffraction gratings and optical data storage. Experimental data on TiO2 nanoparticle characterization, dispersion technique, surface modification and will be presented and nanocomposite properties discussed.
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Ghasemi-Nejhad, Mehrdad N. "Multifunctional Hierarchical Nanocomposites: A Review." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65599.
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Nanocomposites; including nano-materials such as nano-particles, nanoclays, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanosheets; are of significant importance in the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Due to the nanometer size of these inclusions, their physicochemical characteristics differ significantly from those of micron size and bulk materials. The field of nanocomposites involves the study of multiphase materials where at least one of the constituent phases has one dimension less than 100 nm. This is the range where the phenomena associated with the atomic and molecular interaction strongly influence the macroscopic properties of materials. Since the building blocks of nanocomposites are at nanoscale, they have an enormous surface area with numerous interfaces between the two intermix phases. The special properties of the nanocomposite arise from the interaction of its phases at the interface and/or interphase regions. By contrast, in a conventional composite based on micrometer sized filler such as carbon fibers, the interfaces between the filler and matrix constitutes have a much smaller surface-to-volume fraction of the bulk materials, and hence influence the properties of the host structure to a much smaller extent. The optimum amount of nanomaterials in the nanocomposites depends on the filler size, shape, homogeneity of particles distribution, and the interfacial bonding properties between the fillers and matrix. The promise of nanocomposites lies in their multifunctionality, i.e., the possibility of realizing unique combination of properties unachievable with traditional materials. The challenges in reaching this promise are tremendous. They include control over the distribution in size and dispersion of the nanosize constituents, and tailoring and understanding the role of interfaces between structurally or chemically dissimilar phases on bulk properties. While the properties of the matrix can be improved by the inclusions of nanomaterials, the properties of the fibers can also be improved by the growth of nanotubes on the fibers. The combination of the two will produce super-performing materials, not currently available. Since the improvement of fiber starts with carbon nanotube grown on micron-size fibers (and matrix with a nanomaterial) to give the macro-composite, this process is a bottom-up “hierarchical” advanced manufacturing process, and since the resulting nanocomposites will have “multifunctionality” with improve properties in various functional areas such as chemical and fire resistance, damping, stiffness, strength, fracture toughness, EMI shielding, and electrical and thermal conductivity, the resulting nanocomposites are in fact “multifunctional hierarchical nanocomposites.” In this paper, the current state of knowledge in processing, performance, and characterization of these materials are addressed.
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Abuali Galehdari, Nasim, and Ajit D. Kelkar. "Characterization of Nanoparticle Enhanced Multifunctional Sandwich Composites Subjected to Space Radiation." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66774.
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One of the major concerns in long duration space exploration is to minimize the exposure of crew and equipment to space radiation. High energy radiation not only can be hazardous to the health but also can damage the materials and electronics. Current designs are contained heavy metals to avoid occupational hazards from radiation exposures. As a result the shielding structures are heavy and not effective to attenuate all types of radiation. Therefore, the proposed lightweight sandwich composites are designed to effectively shield high energy radiations while providing structural integrity. In the manufactured hybrid sandwich composite, High Molecular Weight Poly Ethylene (HMWPE) woven fabrics are selected as face sheets due to their advanced mechanical properties and excellent physical properties along with effective shielding properties. Basically polymers due to high hydrogen content are considered as effective materials to attenuate high energy radiations. In addition, the core material is epoxy composites incorporating three weight percentages of three different nanoparticles viz. Boron Carbide, Boron Nanopowder and Gadolinium. In fact if polymers as low Z materials are used alone, they usually are not successful to attenuate highly penetrative rays. Therefore, one solution is known to infuse polymer matrix with high radiation absorption properties nanoparticles. Among several different nanomaterials, the three aforementioned nanofillers were chosen because of their good radiation absorption properties. Gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron cross section compare to any other known element and 10B-containing materials are known as excellent radiation absorbers and the composite filled with them have the advantage of convenient and safety in construction, operation and reintegration. The sandwich composites were manufactured using Heat-Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding method (H-VARTM), which is a cost effective method for high volume production of sandwich structures. To evaluate the shielding performance of manufactured sandwich panels the neutron attenuation testing was performed. The results from neutron radiation tests show more than 99% shielding performance in all of the sandwich panels. In comparison with other nanofillers, Boron Nanopowder showed highest radiation shielding efficiency (99.64%), which can be attributed to its lowest particle size and better dispersion ability into epoxy resin. The flatwise compression testing was performed on all four sandwich panels to determine the mechanical strength of materials before and after being exposure to radiation. The results demonstrate that proposed hybrid sandwich panels can preserve their mechanical integrity while being exposed to the radiation.
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Aly-Hassan, Mohamed S. "Novel Multifunctional Composites by Functionally Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes Throughout the Matrix of Carbon/Carbon Composites." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47024.
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Recently, increasing demands for smarter and smaller products calls for the development of multifunctional composites. These materials are used not only as structural materials but also satisfy the needs for additional functionalities such as thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical, chemical, biological, etc. In this research, a novel carbon nanotubes dispersion approach leads to a new generation of multifunctional composites with additionally novel thermal functionality, we called it heat-directed functionality. These distinctive composites have unique capability which can conduct the majority of the transferred heat by conduction to the preferred area or direction of the thermal structure. This unique heat-directed property can be attained by varying the in-plane thermal conductivity. Varying the in-plane thermal conductivity of the composites functionally is achieved by dispersing highly heat-conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes throughout the matrix functionally, not uniformly. Therefore, in this research three phase carbon/carbon composites have been fabricated with functionally dispersed carbon nanotubes throughout the carbon matrix of continuously plain woven carbon fiber fabrics in order to attain this useful property. The fabricated heat-directed carbon/carbon composites have been examined experimentally and numerically. The in-situ full-field infrared measurements and finite element analysis of the designed composites showed that the heat transfer direction can be substantially controlled by just functionally dispersed a few percentages of carbon nanotubes through the matrix of traditional long carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites. This exceptional property can play a significant performance improvement in heat transfer process along the in-plane of the materials as well as helping to decrease the heating up of the Earth, global warming, due to the escaped heat of many engineering applications. In other words, the efficient heat energy management or heat energy saving via using the introduced multifunctional carbon/carbon composites with heat-directed functionality can significantly help with both sides of the equation of efficient energy consumption and friendly-environment applications.
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Nam, Duk-Hyun, Chang-Young Son, Chang Kyu Kim, and Sunghak Lee. "Mechanical Properties of Cu-Based Amorphous Alloy Matrix Composites Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47048.
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In this study, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-based amorphous alloy matrix composites consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) equipment were investigated. Amorphous alloy powders were mixed with 10∼40 vol.% of pure Cu powders, and were consolidated at 460°C for 1/2 minute under 300 or 700 MPa. The consolidated composites contained Cu particles homogeneously distributed in the amorphous matrix, and showed a considerable plastic strain, whereas their compressive strength was lower than that of the monolithic amorphous alloys. The compressive strength and plastic strain of the composites consolidated under 700 MPa showed 10∼20% and two times increases, respectively, over those of the composites consolidated under 300 MPa. The increase in consolidation pressure could play a role in sufficiently bonding between prior amorphous powders, in preventing micropores, and in suppressing the crystallization, thereby leading to the successful consolidation of the high-quality composites. Microfracture mechanisms were investigated by directly observing microfracture processes using an in situ loading stage. Cu particles present in the composites acted as blocking sites of crack propagation, and provided the stable crack growth. These findings suggested that the composites consolidated by the SPS presented new possibilities of application to structural materials or parts requiring excellent mechanical properties and large sizes.
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El-Mahallawi, I. S., K. Eigenfeld, F. H. Kouta, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Cast A356(Al2O3)P Metal Matrix Nano-Composites." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47049.
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The present investigation studies the processing of A356 Al-Si alloy containing up to 5% vol.-% nano-sized al2o3 particles having size less than 500 nm. Composites were prepared using semi-solid casting route. To evaluate the results the alloys were further characterised by various metallurgical and mechanical characterization methods. The results showed that introducing nano-particles into semi-solid slurries promises to be a successful route for producing a new generation of cast metal matrix nano-composites (MMNCs). The nano-composites showed high strength values associated with superior ductility, low porosity content, high corrosion resistance, and improved electrical conductivity compared to the alloy without particles addition under the same casting conditions.
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El-Ashry, Mostafa M., Kareem M. Gouda, and Henry Daniel Young. "Production of Polymer Nanofibers by Wet Spinning." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47030.
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Polymer nanofibers are attractive in many engineering and medical applications because of its distinctive mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties typically evident in nanomaterials. Some applications are liquid & particle filters, composites, surgical masks, sensors. We propose a fibre fabrication method that can produce continuous polymer nanofibres with submicron cross-section. This technique can spin fibres from precursor rheologies that would be considered “unspinnable” by any other current method. As such, this technique may allow the fabrication of novel fibre structures, assist in the fabrication of nanofibers from new materials, and allow the use of novel chemical routes in fibre spinning.
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Jiang, Zhangfan, Osman E. Ozbulut, and Guohua Xing. "Self-Sensing Characterization of GNP and Carbon Black Filled Cementitious Composites." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5653.
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Abstract Over the past decades, a number of structural health monitoring methods have been developed for condition assessment of concrete structures. Most of these methods require the installation of external sensors. Accelerometers are commonly used for vibration-based damage detection for the entire structure, while strain gauges are installed in order to detect cracking and damage at the component level. Conventional strain sensors, such as metal foil strain gauges, have been widely used to monitor local conditions in concrete structures. However, all of these sensors have certain shortcomings such as exhibiting limited durability and low gauge factor, and providing only pointwise strain measurements. Multifunctional cement-based composites that can determine their own strain and damage can overcome the limitations of these traditional sensors. This study explores the use of two different nanomaterials, namely graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and carbon black (CB) for the development of self-sensing cementitious composites and the synergetic effects in their hybrid utilization. A simple fabrication method that does not require special treating procedures such as ultrasonication for dispersing nanomaterials is pursued. Twelve batches of mortar specimens reinforced with only GNP or CB at different concentrations, or with both GNP and CB fillers are prepared. A polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer is used to disperse nanomaterials and to increase the workability of the nano-reinforced mortar. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is utilized to assess the distribution quality of nanomaterials. Standard cubic specimens are tested for compressive strength at 28 days. The bulk resistivity of the standard prismatic specimens is measured using the four-point probe method. The piezoresistive response of nano-reinforced cement composites is evaluated under the cyclic compressive loads.