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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiferroics - Data Storage'

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Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Song, Dongpo, Jie Yang, Bingbing Yang, Liangyu Chen, Fang Wang, and Xuebin Zhu. "Evolution of structure and ferroelectricity in Aurivillius Bi4Bin−3Fen−3Ti3O3n+3 thin films." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 32 (2018): 8618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02270d.

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2

Wang, Jiawei, Aitian Chen, Peisen Li, and Sen Zhang. "Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164623.

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Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and str
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3

Zhong, Tingting, and Menghao Wu. "Fullerene-based 0D ferroelectrics/multiferroics for ultrahigh-density and ultrafast nonvolatile memories." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 21 (2020): 12039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01797c.

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Compared with conventional ferroelectrics for data storage, 0D ferroelectrics/multiferroics based on polar functionalized fullerene may be endowed with a high areal density and high writing speed that are several orders of magnitude higher.
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4

Ferreira, P., A. Castro, P. M. Vilarinho, et al. "Electron Microscopy Study of Porous and Co Functionalized BaTiO3 Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (2012): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013232.

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Multiferroics are currently of great interest for applications in microelectronics namely in future data storage and spintronic devices. These materials couple simultaneously ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties and have potentially different applications resulting from the coupling between their dual order parameters. A true multiferroic material is single phase. However, the known true multiferroic materials possess insufficient coupling between the two phenomena or their magnetoelectric response occurs at temperatures too low to be useful in practical applications. But a tremendous pr
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5

Pulphol, Nattakarn, R. Muanghlua, Surasak Niemcharoen, Wisanu Pecharapa, Wanwilai C. Vittayakorn, and Naratip Vittayakorn. "Magnetoelectric Properties of BaTiO3 – Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 Composites Prepared by the Conventional Mixed Oxide Method." Advanced Materials Research 802 (September 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.802.22.

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Multiferroics, which display simultaneous ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric properties, have been interesting recently because of their potentially significant applications in multifunctional devices such as magnetic resonance, drug delivery, high-density data storage, ferrofluid technology, etc. Composites combining BaTiO3 with Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 have influenced the interest of many researchers, due to their outstanding and distinguished character called magnetoelectric (ME). In this work, ferrimagnetic-ferroelectric composites of BaTiO3 nanopowder and Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanopowders were prepared by
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Dai, Liyufen, Feng An, Juan Zou, Xiangli Zhong, and Gaokuo Zhong. "Freestanding inorganic oxide films for flexible electronics." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 7 (2022): 070904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103092.

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Recently, flexible electronic devices are of increasing interest due to their wide range of application fields, including information storage, energy conversion, and wearable and implantable electronics. In particular, freestanding inorganic oxide films are proved to be an extraordinary versatile platform for flexible electronics owing to their super elasticity, outstanding functionalities, tunability, and long-term stability. In this Perspective, we review the up-to-date advances of freestanding inorganic oxide films from the perspectives of synthesis methods, physical properties, and device
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Sharif, Muhammad Kashif, Muhammad Azhar Khan, Muhammad Junaid, and Muhammad Javed Akhter. "Enhanced magnetic and ferroelectric properties of K–Hf substituted BiFeO3 multiferroics for magnetoelectric data storage applications." Ferroelectrics 599, no. 1 (2022): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2022.2113649.

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8

Aleksandrov, Aleksey I., and Vitaliy G. Shevchenko. "Mechanochemical Activation of Superradiance in Paramagnetic Polymer Composites." Materials 16, no. 3 (2023): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031297.

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The review examines the effect of radio-frequency superradiance during pulsed mechanochemical activation of polymer composites under high pressure. Mechanochemical activation is implemented in three modes: (a) rheological explosion of polymer composite under rapid uniaxial compression, when an elastic wave pulse occurs in a polymer composite sample and implements the physico-chemical transformations leading to the occurrence of a superradiance pulse; (b) parametric mode, when an elastic wave pulse is introduced from the outside through a waveguide into a composite sample; (c) the mode of rapid
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Chen, Shanbao, Huasheng Sun, Junfei Ding, Fang Wu, Chengxi Huang, and Erjun Kan. "Unconventional distortion induced two-dimensional multiferroicity in a CrO3 monolayer." Nanoscale 13, no. 30 (2021): 13048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr02335g.

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10

Vopson, M. M., E. Zemaityte, M. Spreitzer, and E. Namvar. "Multiferroic composites for magnetic data storage beyond the super-paramagnetic limit." Journal of Applied Physics 116, no. 11 (2014): 113910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4896129.

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11

Annapureddy, V., N. P. Pathak, and Rabinder Nath. "Structural, Optical and Ferroelectric Properties of BiCoO3:BiFeO3 Composite Films." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.260.

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Multiferroic materials, which simultaneously exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, have recently stimulated a sharply increasing number of research activities for their scientific interest and significant technological promise in the novel multifunctional devices. Natural multiferroic single phase compounds are rare, and their magnetoelectric response are relatively weak at room temperature. In contrast, multiferroic composites improve the magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature which can have potential applications in data storage, sensors, spintronics and filters. In view of this
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12

HU, JIA-MIAN, JING MA, JING WANG, ZHENG LI, YUAN-HUA LIN, and C. W. NAN. "MAGNETOELECTRIC RESPONSES IN MULTIFERROIC COMPOSITE THIN FILMS." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 01 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x11000021.

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Multiferroic composite thin films of ferroelectrics and magnets have attracted ever-increasing interest in most recent years. In this review, magnetoelectric (ME) responses as well as their underlying ME coupling mechanisms in such multiferroic composite thin films are discussed, oriented by their potential applications in novel ME devices. Among them, the direct ME response, i.e., magnetic-field control of polarization, can be exploited for micro-sensor applications (sensing magnetic field, electric current, light, etc.), mainly determined by a strain-mediated coupling interaction. The conver
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13

Derras, M., and N. Hamdad. "Structural Stability and Magnetic Ordering in BiFeO3 Perovskite Oxide: A Comparative Study GGA+U vs L(S)DA+U." Annals of West University of Timisoara - Physics 62, no. 1 (2020): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/awutp-2020-0004.

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AbstractAb initio calculations of BiFeO3 magnetic perovskite are carried. Accurate density functional theory calculations were performed considering a U-Hubbard correction (DFT+U) to account for on-site Coulomb interactions of the 3d-Fe states. We have applied the Full-potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method. Exchange-correlation effects are treated using the Local Spin Density approximation (L(S)DA+U) vs generalized gradient approximations (GGA+U). Equilibrium lattices agree very well with other theoretical and experimental data. The magnetization energy differences betwee
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14

Ruff, Eugen, Sebastian Widmann, Peter Lunkenheimer, et al. "Multiferroicity and skyrmions carrying electric polarization in GaV4S8." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (2015): e1500916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500916.

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Skyrmions are whirl-like topological spin objects with high potential for future magnetic data storage. A fundamental question that is relevant to both basic research and application is whether ferroelectric (FE) polarization can be associated with skyrmions’ magnetic texture and whether these objects can be manipulated by electric fields. We study the interplay between magnetism and electric polarization in the lacunar spinel GaV4S8, which undergoes a structural transition associated with orbital ordering at 44 K and reveals a complex magnetic phase diagram below 13 K, including ferromagnetic
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15

Drathen, Christina, Kirill Yusenko, and Serena Margadonna. "Structural modulations in multiferroic tetragonal tungsten bronze KxMnxFe1+xF3." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099471.

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Multiferroic materials showing coupling of the different order parameters (ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, ferroelastic) are interesting not only from a fundamental perspective, but also from a technological point of view, e.g. for to the development of new storage technologies. However, the coexistence of (ferro)magnetism and ferroelectricity is considered a rare phenomenon. Whilst this may be true for perovskite oxides, where emptyd-shells favor the off-centering of ions but counteract magnetism, this intrinsic limitation can be avoided by moving to different structure types, and/or away from
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16

Delmonte, Davide, Francesco Mezzadri, Chiara Pernechele, et al. "HP/HT synthesis and characterization of novel multiferroic Bi-based perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314081856.

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Bi-based perovskites (BiM1-xM'xO3, where M e M' are 3d and 4d metal ions) are considered very promising candidates to show multiferroic magnetoelectric character. A multiferroic magnetoelectric is a material in which ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity are not only coexistent but also coupled. Such properties, very rare in natural materials, are suitable for electronics, data storage and spintronics applications. Therefore, the interest in this class of compound showed an increasing trend of scientific publications in the last ten years. Unfortunately most members of this family cannot be synt
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17

Kireva, Maria, Ventsislav Tumbalev, Vladislav Kostov-Kytin, Peter Tzvetkov, and Daniela Kovacheva. "Rietveld Study of the Changes of Phase Composition, Crystal Structure, and Morphology of BiFeO3 by Partial Substitution of Bismuth with Rare-Earth Ions." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030278.

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BiFeO3 is an interesting material due to its multiferroic properties. It attracts attention due to its potential applications in spintronics and in microelectronics for data storage, among others. Single-phase bulk material from BiFeO3 is difficult to synthesize. The kinetics of perovskite phase formation most often leads to the presence of impurity phases. It has been shown that low levels of replacement of Bi with rare earth ions lead to stabilization of the perovskite phase. In the present work, Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure based on powder X-ray diffraction patterns was appl
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18

Campanini, Marco, Rolf Erni, and Marta D. Rossell. "Probing local order in multiferroics by transmission electron microscopy." Physical Sciences Reviews 5, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0068.

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Abstract The ongoing trend toward miniaturization has led to an increased interest in the magnetoelectric effect, which could yield entirely new device concepts, such as electric field-controlled magnetic data storage. As a result, much work is being devoted to developing new robust room temperature (RT) multiferroic materials that combine ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. However, the development of new multiferroic devices has proved unexpectedly challenging. Thus, a better understanding of the properties of multiferroic thin films and the relation with their microstructure is required to
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19

"Proceedings of the 1st International symposium on physics of data storage." OAJ Materials and Devices 1, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.23647/ca.md20161108.

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Various memory technologies have emerged throughout history. Today, the discovery of new technologies and new materials over the past two decades has helped to manufacture memory devices, less bulky, less expensive, consuming less energy, but always with a larger capacity and higher speed data transfer. The international symposium ISPDS-1 has gathered researchers working on various aspects related with the problem of data storage, as Ferroics and Multiferroics, Memory storage devices, Switching phenomena, Heterojunctions and semiconductors, Energy and environment, and miscellaneous aspects. Th
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20

Zhou, Jian, and Shunhong Zhang. "Terahertz optics-driven phase transition in two-dimensional multiferroics." npj 2D Materials and Applications 5, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41699-020-00189-7.

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AbstractDisplacive martensitic phase transition is potentially promising in semiconductor-based data storage applications with fast switching speed. In addition to traditional phase transition materials, the recently discovered two-dimensional ferroic materials are receiving a lot of attention owing to their fast ferroic switching dynamics, which could tremendously boost data storage density and enhance read/write speed. In this study, we propose that a terahertz laser with an intermediate intensity and selected frequency can trigger ferroic order switching in two-dimensional multiferroics, wh
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21

Tahir, Rabia, Sabeen Fatima, Syedah Afsheen Zahra, et al. "Multiferroic and ferroelectric phases revealed in 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene film for high performance resistive data storage devices." npj 2D Materials and Applications 7, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41699-023-00368-2.

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AbstractMultiferroic materials, showing simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders, are considered to be promising candidates for future data storage technology however, the multiferroic phenomenon in two-dimensional (2D) materials is rarely observed. We report a simple approach to observe frequency-dependent ferroelectricity and multiferroicity in 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene film at room-temperature. To study the frequency and poling effect on ferroelectricity, we performed electric polarization vs. electric field (P-E) measurement at different frequencies, measured under zero and non-zero stat
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22

Keeney, Lynette, Louise Colfer, and Michael Schmidt. "Probing Ferroelectric Behavior in Sub-10 nm Bismuth-Rich Aurivillius Films by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis, December 1, 2021, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621013726.

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Abstract Sub-10 nm ferroelectric and multiferroic materials are attracting increased scientific and technological interest, owing to their exciting physical phenomena and prospects in miniaturized electronic devices, neuromorphic computing, and ultra-compact data storage. The Bi6Ti2.9Fe1.5Mn0.6O18 (B6TFMO) Aurivillius system is a rare example of a multiferroic that operates at room temperature. Since the formation of magnetic impurity phases can complicate attempts to measure ferromagnetic signal intrinsic to the B6TFMO multiferroic phase and thus limits its use, herein we minimize this by uti
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23

Cheng, Xuli, Shaowen Xu, Chao Liu та ін. "Ferroelectric and negative piezoelectric properties in oxyhydroxide monolayers γ -XOOH (X = Al, Ga, and In)". Applied Physics Letters 123, № 7 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0164215.

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Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials with coexisting ferroelasticity (FA) and ferroelectricity (FE) have potential applications in high-density data storage and sonar detectors. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we predict a series of stable 2D FA-FE multiferroic structures, namely, γ-XOOH (X = Al, Ga, and In) monolayers. By analyzing the lattice symmetry and orientation distribution of hydroxyls, we find that XOOH monolayers possess both in-plane ferroelastic and ferroelectric polarization, as well as antiferroelectric ordering caused by the anti-parallel alignment of hydro
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24

Li, Dong, Pengyu Liu, Ruiman He, et al. "Intrinsic multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling in VSI2 monolayer." Applied Physics Letters 123, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0155960.

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Two dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials have great potential for miniaturized electronic and high-density multi-states data storage devices due to the coexistence of electric and spin polarization. Because the origins of magnetism and ferroelectricity are mutually exclusive and difficult to coexist, there are still rare to date 2D multiferroic semiconductors with good performance. Here, we propose a 2D multiferroic material, VSI2 monolayer, which has both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties by first principles calculation. It shows robust ferroelectricity with an appropriate switchi
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25

Fukaya, Ryo, Jun-ichi Adachi, Hironori Nakao, et al. "Time-resolved resonant soft X-ray scattering combined with MHz synchrotron X-ray and laser pulses at the Photon Factory." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 29, no. 6 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577522008724.

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A picosecond pump–probe resonant soft X-ray scattering measurement system has been developed at the Photon Factory storage ring for highly efficient data collection. A high-repetition-rate high-power compact laser system has been installed to improve efficiency via flexible data acquisition to a sub-MHz frequency in time-resolved experiments. Data are acquired by gating the signal of a channel electron multiplier with a pulse-counting mode capable of discriminating single-bunch soft X-ray pulses in the dark gap of the hybrid operation mode in the storage ring. The photoinduced dynamics of magn
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26

Li, Tianyu, Sz-Chian Liou, Stephanie J. Hong, Qiang Zhang, H. Cein Mandujano, and Efrain E. Rodriguez. "Structural modulation and spin glassiness upon oxidation in oxygen storage material LnFeMnO4+x for Ln = Y, Lu, and Yb." APL Materials 11, no. 6 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144717.

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The mixed valence multiferroic LnFe2+Fe3+O4 (where Ln = Y, Lu, and Yb) can reversibly uptake oxygen into its lattice, which is evidenced by a crystallographic phase transition along with the appearance of structural modulations. In this study, we show that the Mn-substituted version of this multiferroic can also be readily oxidized to LnFe3+Mn3+O4.5 revealing similar oxygen storage behavior. Through neutron, electron, and synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies, we observe a structural modulation that we attribute to a displacement wave in the fully oxidized compound. This wave exhibits commensu
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27

Hitchen, D., and S. Ghosh. "Temperature-Dependent Electrical Characterization of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Thin Films." Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago 4, no. 1 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/jur.v4i1.7483.

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The polarization hysteresis and current leakage characteristics of bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition was measured while varying the temperature from 80 - 300 K in increments of 10 K, to determine the feasibility of BFO for capacitive applications in memory storage devices. Data is compared to the performance of prototypic ferroelectric barium strontium titanate, BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) under similar conditions. Finding contacts on the BFO samples that exhibited acceptable dielectric properties was challenging; and once identified, the polarization charact
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28

El-Desoky, M. M., N. A. Gazouly, Ahmed E. Hannor, and Hesham A. Yousef. "Relaxor multiferroic properties of nanostructured BaTiO3–Fe2O3–Bi2O3 lead free for energy storage applications." Applied Physics A 128, no. 12 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06179-4.

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AbstractRelaxor multiferroic properties of nanostructured 0.30BaTiO3–0.52Bi2O3–0.18Fe2O3 mol% (BFBT) were prepared via the mechanical activation method. The mixed powders were ball milled at 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75 h to obtain nanostructured materials. Room temperature XRD patterns for these nanostructured materials at different ball-milling times were investigated. The ball milled of nanostructured BFBT at different ball-milling times is characterized and identified by FTIR. After 50 h, HRTEM revealed the nanostructure of BFBT with an average particle size of 27.86 nm. Dielectric characterizati
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29

Halpin, J., and L. Keeney. "Naturally Layered Aurivillius Phases: Flexible Scaffolds for the Design of Multiferroic Materials." OAJ Materials and Devices 5, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23647/ca.md20202905.

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The Aurivillius layer-structures, described by the general formula Bi2O2(Am-1BmO3m+1), are naturally 2-dimensionally nanostructured. They are very flexible frameworks for a wide variety of applications, given that different types of cations can beaccommodated both at the A- and B-sites. In this review article, we describe how the Aurivillius phases are a particularly attractive class of oxides for the design of prospective single phase multiferroic systems for multi-state data storage applications, as they offer the potential to include substantial amounts of magnetic cations within a strongly
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30

Martins, P., C. M. Costa, M. Benelmekki, and S. Lanceros-Mendez. "Nucleation of the electroactive phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by ferrite nanoparticles: surface versus size effects." MRS Proceedings 1312 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2011.121.

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ABSTRACTMultiferroics and magnetoelectric materials show interesting scientific challenges and technnologial applications in sensors, acuators and data storage. In view of the fact that only a small number of materials show this kind of properties, exhaustive research activity is being pursued towards the development of new composite materials. Multiferroic nanocomposites films composed of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetostrictive nanosize CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 or NiZnFe2O4 ferrites were prepared by a solution method. Those ferrite nanoparticles have the ability to nucleat
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31

Sun, Wei, Wenxuan Wang, Hang Li, et al. "Controlling bimerons as skyrmion analogues by ferroelectric polarization in 2D van der Waals multiferroic heterostructures." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19779-6.

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AbstractAtom-thick van der Waals heterostructures with nontrivial physical properties tunable via the magnetoelectric coupling effect are highly desirable for the future advance of multiferroic devices. In this work on LaCl/In2Se3 heterostructure consisting of a 2D ferromagnetic layer and a 2D ferroelectric layer, reversible switch of the easy axis and the Curie temperature of the magnetic LaCl layer has been enabled by switching of ferroelectric polarization in In2Se3. More importantly, magnetic skyrmions in the bimerons form have been discovered in the LaCl/In2Se3 heterostructure and can be
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32

Huxter, William S., Martin F. Sarott, Morgan Trassin, and Christian L. Degen. "Imaging ferroelectric domains with a single-spin scanning quantum sensor." Nature Physics, February 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01921-4.

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AbstractThe ability to sensitively image electric fields is important for understanding many nanoelectronic phenomena, including charge accumulation at surfaces1 and interfaces2 and field distributions in active electronic devices3. A particularly exciting application is the visualization of domain patterns in ferroelectric and nanoferroic materials4,5, owing to their potential in computing and data storage6–8. Here, we use a scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) microscope, well known for its use in magnetometry9, to image domain patterns in piezoelectric (Pb[Zr0.2Ti0.8]O3) and improper ferroelectri
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33

Guzelturk, Burak, Tiannan Yang, Yu‐Chen Liu, et al. "Subnanosecond Reconfiguration of Ferroelectric Domains in Bismuth Ferrite." Advanced Materials, August 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202306029.

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AbstractDomain switching is crucial for achieving desired functions in ferroic materials that are used in various applications. Fast control of domains at subnanosecond timescales remains a challenge despite its potential for high‐speed operation in random‐access memories, photonic, and nanoelectronic devices. In this work, ultrafast laser excitation is shown to transiently melt and reconfigure ferroelectric stripe domains in multiferroic bismuth ferrite on a timescale faster than 100 ps. This dynamic behavior is visualized by picosecond‐ and nanometer‐resolved X‐ray diffraction measurements a
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34

Schöffmann, Patrick, Anirban Sarkar, Mai Hussein Hamed, et al. "Strain and charge contributions to the magnetoelectric coupling in Fe3O4/PMN-PT artificial multiferroic heterostructures." New Journal of Physics, December 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/acac48.

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Abstract The quest to realize new kinds of data storage devices has motivated recent studies in the field of magnetoelectric heterostructures. One of the most commonly investigated systems is Fe3O4/PMN-PT, however, the interplay between different coupling mechanisms is not yet well understood. To disentangle the role of strain and polarisation influence in Fe3O4/PMN-PT, we report on magnetoelectric coupling measurements for different orientations of the applied magnetic field and for two different substrate cuts, PMN-PT(001) and PMN-PT(011). For Fe3O4/PMN-PT(011), having the sample aligned suc
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