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1
Grotel, Jakub. "MAGNETOELECTRIC COUPLING MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IN MULTIFERROIC MATERIALS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2583.
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Magnetoelectric multiferroics are solid-state materials which exhibit a coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic orders. This phenomenon is known as the magnetoelectric (ME) effect. Multiferroic materials possess a wide range of potential applications in such fields as metrology, electronics, energy harvesting & conversion, and medicine. Multiferroic research is facing two main challenges. Firstly, scientists are continuously trying to obtain a material with sufficiently strong, room-temperature ME coupling that would enable its commercial application. Secondly, the measurement techniques used in multiferroic research are often problematic to implement in a laboratory setting and fail to yield reproducible results. The aim of the present work is to discuss three most commonly used methods in multiferroic studies; the lock-in technique, the Sawyer-Tower (S-T) circuit and dielectric constant measurements. The paper opens with a general description of multiferroics which is followed by mathematical representation of the ME effect. The main body deals with the description of the aforementioned measurement techniques. The article closes with a conclusion and outlook for future research.
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Zhao, Shifeng. "Advances in Multiferroic Nanomaterials Assembled with Clusters." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/101528.
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As an entirely new perspective of multifunctional materials, multiferroics have attracted a great deal of attention. With the rapidly developing micro- and nano-electro-mechanical system (MEMS&NEMS), the new kinds of micro- and nanodevices and functionalities aroused extensive research activity in the area of multiferroics. As an ideal building block to assemble the nanostructure, cluster exhibits particular physical properties related to the cluster size at nanoscale, which is efficient in controlling the multiferroic properties for nanomaterials. This review focuses on our recent advances in multiferroic nanomaterials assembled with clusters. In particular, the single phase multiferroic films and compound heterostructured multiferroic films assembled with clusters were introduced detailedly. This technique presents a new and efficient method to produce the nanostructured multiferroic materials for their potential application in NEMS devices.
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Tablero, C. "Photovoltaic application of the multiferroic Bi 2 FeCrO 6 double perovskite." Solar Energy 137 (November 2016): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.08.004.
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Liang, Xianfeng, Cunzheng Dong, Huaihao Chen, Jiawei Wang, Yuyi Wei, Mohsen Zaeimbashi, Yifan He, Alexei Matyushov, Changxing Sun, and Nianxiang Sun. "A Review of Thin-Film Magnetoelastic Materials for Magnetoelectric Applications." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051532.
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Since the revival of multiferroic laminates with giant magnetoelectric (ME) coefficients, a variety of multifunctional ME devices, such as sensor, inductor, filter, antenna etc. have been developed. Magnetoelastic materials, which couple the magnetization and strain together, have recently attracted ever-increasing attention due to their key roles in ME applications. This review starts with a brief introduction to the early research efforts in the field of multiferroic materials and moves to the recent work on magnetoelectric coupling and their applications based on both bulk and thin-film materials. This is followed by sections summarizing historical works and solving the challenges specific to the fabrication and characterization of magnetoelastic materials with large magnetostriction constants. After presenting the magnetostrictive thin films and their static and dynamic properties, we review micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and bulk devices utilizing ME effect. Finally, some open questions and future application directions where the community could head for magnetoelastic materials will be discussed.
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Gupta, Reema, Monika Tomar, Ashok Kumar, and Vinay Gupta. "Performance of magnetoelectric PZT/Ni multiferroic system for energy harvesting application." Smart Materials and Structures 26, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/26/3/035002.
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Wang, Jiawei, Aitian Chen, Peisen Li, and Sen Zhang. "Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164623.
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Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and strain-mediated ferromagnetic (FM)/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Concerning the giant, nonvolatile, and reversible electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature, we first review the theoretical and representative experiments on the electric-field control of magnetism via strain coupling in the FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures, especially the CoFeB/PMN–PT [where PMN–PT denotes the (PbMn1/3Nb2/3O3)1−x-(PbTiO3)x] heterostructure. Then, the application in the prototype spintronic devices, i.e., spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, is introduced. The nonvolatile and reversible electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance without assistant magnetic field in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)/FE architecture shows great promise for the future of data storage technology. We close by providing the main challenges of this and the different perspectives for straintronics and spintronics.
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Shah, Jyoti, K. C. Verma, Ashish Agarwal, and R. K. Kotnala. "Novel application of multiferroic compound for green electricity generation fabricated as hydroelectric cell." Materials Chemistry and Physics 239 (January 2020): 122068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122068.
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Planes, Antoni, Teresa Castán, and Avadh Saxena. "Thermodynamics of multicaloric effects in multiferroic materials: application to metamagnetic shape-memory alloys and ferrotoroidics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2074 (August 13, 2016): 20150304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0304.
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We develop a general thermodynamic framework to investigate multicaloric effects in multiferroic materials. This is applied to the study of both magnetostructural and magnetoelectric multiferroics. Landau models with appropriate interplay between the corresponding ferroic properties (order parameters) are proposed for metamagnetic shape-memory and ferrotoroidic materials, which, respectively, belong to the two classes of multiferroics. For each ferroic property, caloric effects are quantified by the isothermal entropy change induced by the application of the corresponding thermodynamically conjugated field. The multicaloric effect is obtained as a function of the two relevant applied fields in each class of multiferroics. It is further shown that multicaloric effects comprise the corresponding contributions from caloric effects associated with each ferroic property and the cross-contribution arising from the interplay between these ferroic properties. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials’.
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Makarova, Liudmila, Yuliya Alekhina, Elena Kramarenko, Alexander Omelyanchik, Valeria Rodionova, Olga Malyshkina, and Nikolai Perov. "Composite multiferroic materials consisting of NdFeB and PZT particles embedded in elastic matrix: the appearance of electrical polarization in a constant magnetic field." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818507008.
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New composite materials consisting of polymer matrix with PZT and NdFeB microparticles were prepared and investigated in the work. It was found that magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization, coercivity, permeability, depend on mass concentration of the ferromagnetic particles in the samples. Also it was found that all samples had electrical polarization in DC external electric field. The electric properties such as coercivity, remanent polarization, the maximum polarization value, had changes in the external constant magnetic field 1.1 kOe. These changes depended on both concentrations of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric particles. This type of magnetoelectric transformation allows us to classify new materials as multiferroic materials. These new composite materials can easily be prepared of any shape, the final materials are flexible and resistant to external chemical influences. The area of application of new multiferroic materials varies from sensors to autonomous energy sources.
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Yeo, Hong Goo. "Review of Single-Phase Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Thin Film and Process." Ceramist 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.3.01.
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Advance in the growth and characterization of multiferroic thin film promises new device application such as next generation memory, nanoelectronics and energy harvesting. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent progress in the growth, characterization and understanding of thin-film multiferroics. Driven by the development of thin film growth techniques, the ability to produce high quality multiferroic thin films offers researchers access to new phase and understanding of these materials. We discuss that epitaxial strain and atomic-level engineering of chemistry determine the muliferroic thin film properties. We then discuss the new structures and properties of non-equilibrium phases which is stabilized by strain engineering.
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Kozielski, Lucjan, and Dariusz Bochenek. "Characterization of energy conversion of multiferroic PFN and PFN:Mn." Processing and Application of Ceramics 7, no. 4 (2013): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1304167k.
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Characterization of energy conversion of multiferroic materials is concerned with multifunctional properties of materials, a topic that is fascinating from the scientific point of view and important for the modern technology. The complex characterization of multiferroic structures suffers at present from lack of a systematic experimental approach and deficiency of multifunctional magnetoelectric properties testing capabilities. Compactness and high frequency energy conversion capacity are the main reasons of invention and improvement of sophisticated materials which are prepared for high-speed computer memories and broadband transducer devices. As a consequence, one can easily notice an intense search for new materials for generation, transformation and amplification of magnetic and electric energies. In this scenario, the combination of excellent piezoelectric and magnetic properties makes lead iron niobate Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PFN) an attractive host material for application in integrated magnetoelectric energy conversion applications. PFN multiferroic materials are attractive for commercial electroceramics due to high value of dielectric permittivity and magnetoelectric coefficients as well as relatively easy synthesis process. However, synthesis of PFN ceramics is mostly connected with formation of the secondary unwanted pyrochlore phase associated with dramatic decrease of ferroelectric properties. The authors have successfully reduced this negative phenomenon by Mn doping and finally present high piezoelectric and magnetoelectric energy conversion efficiency in fabricated PMFN ceramics.
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Niemiec, P., R. Skulski, D. Bochenek, and P. Wawrzała. "Technology and Electrophysical Properties of Multiferroic PZT–PFT Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 1361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0175.
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Abstract We present the results of obtaining and investigating ceramic samples of solid solution (1-x)(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3)- x(PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3) [i.e. (1-x)PZT-xPFT] with x =0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 obtained using conventional ceramic technology. These materials belong to class of materials known as multiferroics. Solid solutions PZT-PFT are the lowest-loss room-temperature multiferroics known, and as a result there are very interesting for magnetoelectric devices. Paper presents the results of termogravimetric investigations, EDS, XRD and main dielectric measurements. It has been stated that with increasing content of PFT decreases the mean diameter of grains and more wide distribution of grain diameters is observed. For x =0.25 sharp phase transition from ferroelectric phase to paraelectric one is observed and high values of dielectric permittivity. Composition PZT-PFT with x =0.45 has the lowest values of dielectric permittivity, and the transition is more diffused. The increase of x leads also to the shift of the temperature of maximum of dielectric permittivity towards lower temperatures. Samples with x =0.25 and x =0.35 exhibit very low values of dielectric losses up to about 100°C. Dielectric losses for samples with x =0.45 are higher. For obtained PZT-PFT samples we have investigated P-E hysteresis loops at room temperature for frequency 1 Hz. For composition x =0.25 it after application the field about 2.5 kV/mm polarization is equal approximately 28 μC/cm2, while for x =0.35, and x =0.45 after application the field about 2.0 kV/mm the polarizations are equal about 25 μC/cm2 and 20 μC/cm2 respectively. Very low values of losses and high values of polarization lead to the conclusion that interesting material PZT-PFT for applications should be composition with x =0.25.
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Jayanthi, G., Sowrirajan Sumathi, Karthik Kannan, V. Andal, and Sivaraj Murugan. "A Review on Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Application of Fe-Based Perovskite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6607683.
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Perovskite has attracted the attention of researchers owing to its intriguing physicochemical properties and wide applications. Recently, Fe-based Perovskite as well as its nanoforms is an extensively studied material due to its photocatalytic activity, multiferroic properties, and chemical stability. Fe-based Perovskite exhibits a range of characteristics that become helpful for different applications such as catalysis, electrochemical sensors, and solar cells. This review summarizes the synthesis, properties, and environmental applications of Fe-based Perovskite. This review highlights and provides an overview of the transition metal substituent in Fe-based Perovskite and its properties and how it influences its application in wastewater treatment and catalysis. This article furnishes an overview on synthesis, properties, and environmental application of Fe-based Perovskite.
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Ferreira, P., A. Castro, P. M. Vilarinho, M. G. Willinger, J. Mosa, C. Laberty, and C. Sanchez. "Electron Microscopy Study of Porous and Co Functionalized BaTiO3 Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013232.
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Multiferroics are currently of great interest for applications in microelectronics namely in future data storage and spintronic devices. These materials couple simultaneously ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties and have potentially different applications resulting from the coupling between their dual order parameters. A true multiferroic material is single phase. However, the known true multiferroic materials possess insufficient coupling between the two phenomena or their magnetoelectric response occurs at temperatures too low to be useful in practical applications. But a tremendous progress in the field of microelectronics can be expected if one is able to design an effective multiferroic material with ideal coupling of the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties to suit a particular application. Within this context composite structures are gaining considerable interest and different strategies in terms of materials microstructure have been proposed including horizontal multilayers and vertical heterostructures. In the horizontal multilayer heterostructures, the alternating layers of conventional ferro/ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric phases are grown, while in the vertical heterostructures nanopillars of the ferro/ferrimagnetic phase are embedded in a ferroelectric matrix. The later structures show advantages over the first ones because promote larger interfacial surface area and are intrinsically heteroepitaxial in three dimensions; which is expected to allow a stronger coupling between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components.
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Ratha, Soumyaranjan, Munusamy Kuppan, Genta Egawa, and Satoru Yoshimura. "Excellent magnetic properties in multiferroic BiFeO3 based thin films for magnetic devices application." Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 35 (July 2023): 101007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2023.101007.
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N. V., Srihari, K. B. Vinayakumar, and K. K. Nagaraja. "Magnetoelectric Coupling in Bismuth Ferrite—Challenges and Perspectives." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121221.
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Multiferroic materials belong to the sub-group of ferroics possessing two or more ferroic orders in the same phase. Aizu first coined the term multiferroics in 1969. Of late, several multiferroic materials’ unique and robust characteristics have shown great potential for various applications. Notably, the coexisting magnetic and electrical ordering results in the Magnetoelectric effect (ME), wherein the electrical polarization can be manipulated by magnetic fields and magnetization by electric fields. Currently, more significant interests lie in significantly enhancing the ME coupling facilitating the realization of Spintronic devices, which makes use of the transport phenomenon of spin-polarized electrons. On the other hand, the magnetoelectric coupling is also pivotal in magnetic memory devices wherein the application of small electric voltage manipulates the magnetic properties of the device. This review gives a brief overview of magnetoelectric coupling in Bismuth ferrite and approaches to achieve higher magnetoelectric coupling and device applications.
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Abd Elmadjid, Khiat, Felicia Gheorghiu, Mokhtar Zerdali, Ina Turcan, and Saad Hamzaoui. "Structural, Magnetic, Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Multiferroic PbTi1−xFexO3−δ Ceramics." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040927.
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PbTi1−xFexO3−δ (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) ceramics were prepared using the classical solid-state reaction method. The investigated system presented properties that were derived from composition, microstructure, and oxygen deficiency. The phase investigations indicated that all of the samples were well crystallized, and the formation of a cubic structure with small traces of impurities was promoted, in addition to a tetragonal structure, as Fe3+ concentration increased. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for PbTi1−xFexO3−δ ceramics revealed microstructures that were inhomogeneous with an intergranular porosity. The dielectric permittivity increased systematically with Fe3+ concentration, increasing up to x = 0.7. A complex impedance analysis revealed the presence of multiple semicircles in the spectra, demonstrating a local electrical inhomogeneity due the different microstructures and amounts of oxygen vacancies distributed within the sample. The increase of the substitution with Fe3+ ions onto Ti4+ sites led to the improvement of the magnetic properties due to the gradual increase in the interactions between Fe3+ ions, which were mediated by the presence of oxygen vacancies. The PbTi1−xFexO3−δ became a multifunctional system with reasonable dielectric, piezoelectric, and magnetic characteristics, making it suitable for application in magnetoelectric devices.
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Ni, Hao, Yi Wang, Feng Zhang, Jinwei Yang, Meng Wang, Xin Guo, Lu Chen, Shengnan Wang, and Ming Zheng. "Electric-Field-Tunable Transport and Photo-Resistance Properties in LaMnO3−x/PMN-PT Heterostructures." Coatings 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070890.
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Multiferroic heterojunctions are promising for application in low-power storage and spintronics due to their magnetoelectric coupling properties. Controlling the magnetic and transport properties of magnetic materials by external stimuli and then realizing advanced devices constitute the key mission in this field. We fabricated a multiferroic heterostructure consisting of a ferroelectric single-crystal (001)-0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 substrate and an epitaxial 40 nm LaMnO3−x film. By applying dc electric fields to the ferroelectric substrate, the resistance and the photo-resistance of the LaMnO3−x film could be significantly modulated. With the electric field increasing from 0 to +4.8 kV/cm, the photo-resistance increased by ~4.1% at room temperature. The curve of photo-resistance versus the cycling electric field has a butterfly shape due to the piezoelectric strain effect. Using in situ X-ray diffraction measurements, the linear relationship of the strain and the electric field was quantitatively studied.
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Erdeljan, Dragana, and Miodrag Grujić. "Application of SELBESTTRA Software for Choosing a Transportation System for Mineral Raw Materials through Special Protection Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 683 (October 2014): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.683.92.
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The software package SELBESTTRA offers a choice of the best transportation systems of mineral resources with technical, economic and ecological point of view. By entering of parameters of production and the parameters of the proposed transportation route, the software gives us the best solution regarding the protection of environment through which transport is carried out and that for the best variant from techno - economic standpoint. By Changing of input parameters, we can control output data in order to obtain the best solutions in terms of requirements of investor.
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Francfort, G. A. "Homogenisation of a class of fourth order equations with application to incompressible elasticity." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 120, no. 1-2 (1992): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500014967.
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SynopsisUpon formalising an analogy between two-dimensional Stokes flow and two-dimensional isotropic conductivity, we exhibit a class of fourth order equations which behave “isomorphically” like isotropic conductivity from the standpoint of homogenisation and from that of corresponding bounding methods on possible effective behaviours. In particular, Lipton's result on the G-closure problem for mixtures of two incompressible elastic materials is recovered in the two-dimensional case.
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Gonçalves, R., A. Larrea, M. S. Sebastian, V. Sebastian, P. Martins, and S. Lanceros-Mendez. "Synthesis and size dependent magnetostrictive response of ferrite nanoparticles and their application in magnetoelectric polymer-based multiferroic sensors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 45 (2016): 10701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04188d.
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New Fe3O4 nanostructures have been synthesized and added to a P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. The magnetostriction and the magnetoelectric response obtained for the 9 nm nanoparticle composites make these materials suitable for technological applications such as sensors and actuators.
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Natesan, K. "Materials Performance in Advanced Combustion Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906824.
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A number of advanced technologies are being developed to convert coal into clean fuels for use as feedstock in chemical plants and for power generation. From the standpoint of component materials, the environments created by coal conversion and combustion in these technologies and their interactions with materials are of interest. The trend in the new or advanced systems is to improve thermal efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of the process effluents. This paper discusses several systems that are under development and identifies requirements for materials application in those systems. Available data on the performance of materials in several of the environments are used to examine the performance envelopes for materials for several of the systems and to identify needs for additional work in different areas.
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Kalinkin, Aleksandr M., Elena V. Kalinkina, Ekaterina A. Kruglyak, and Alla G. Ivanova. "APPLICATION OF MECHANOACTIVATION FOR OBTAINING GEOPOLYMER MATERIALS BASED ON COAL COMBUSTION FLY ASH WASTES WITH ADDITIVES OF CARBONATE MINERALS." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 14, no. 4/2023 (April 19, 2023): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.4.029.
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The results of studies on the synthesis of geopolymers based on mechanically activated mixtures of fly ash from Apatitskaya Thermal Power Plant with magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium carbonates are presented. It has been shown that in terms of geopolymer strength, calcite CaCO3 is the most effective additive to the fly ash. The influence of the carbonate addition to the fly ash on the physical-mechanical properties of geopolymers has been considered from the standpoint of the reactivity of alkaline earth metal carbonates with respect to the alkaline agent.
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Rafitasari, Yeti, Ardita Septiani, Asep Ridwan Nugraha, Ervin Naufal Arrasyid, Dedi, and Agustinus Agung Nugroho. "Synthesis of Bismuth Ferrite and its Application for Oscillator Material up to 25 GHz Range." Materials Science Forum 1028 (April 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.9.
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Among other multiferroic materials, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) attracts much attention due to its room-temperature properties and its wide potential applications. However, the synthesis to obtain a single-phase material is hard to be achieved because of the volatility of bismuth oxide. In this study, the BiFeO3 powders were synthesized by using a sol-gel method from the nitrates of bismuth and iron salt with the various stoichiometric ratios between Bi and Fe of 1:1.02, 1:1, 1.02:1, and 1.03:1. The single-phase and a good stoichiometric ratio of Bi: Fe = 1:1 was obtained from the starting composition ratio of 1.03:1 with a quenching process from 550°C sintering temperature. The single-phase of BiFeO3 shows a hysteresis curve of a weak antiferromagnetic with a coercive field of about 1.38 kOe at room temperature. The measurement of microwave oscillator was measured by using a dielectric resonator from 0 to 25 GHz does not show any resonant peak.
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Мануйлова, Natalia Manuylova, Булычев, Sergey Bulychev, Горбачев, Sergey Gorbachev, Дмитренко, V. Dmitrenko, Мурманцева, and E. Murmantseva. "Comprehensive Assessment for Construction Materials’ Environmental Safety." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 6 (December 25, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24724.
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Problems related to a comprehensive assessment of construction materials’ environmental safety, taking into account stages of products’ complete life cycle have been considered. Approaches to determination of material’s safety and environmental record as environmental characteristics of the material, regardless of its use in a specific product, and without regard to processing technology have been described. It has been proposed to consider material’s safety and environmental record as the sum of three environmental safety factors for material’s life cycle stages: production of raw material and its potential environmental hazard; processing of raw material in the material; proper material from the standpoint of its environmental safety and effects on the human body. This criterion application allows compare the environmental properties both of cognate materials and dissimilar ones.
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de Lima, Adilmo F., and Jonathan S. Souza. "Application of on-site hybrid exchange and correlation functional in the study of multiferroic R3c BiFeO3 compound." Computational Materials Science 226 (June 2023): 112254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2023.112254.
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Agrawal, S. L., P. K. Shukla, Deepshikha Tripathi, and C. P. Singh. "Studies on multiferroic oxide-doped PVA-based nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte system for electrochemical device application." Ionics 25, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2635-y.
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Xu, Zhen, and Guo-Long Tan. "Full Antiferroelectric Performance and GMR Effect in Multiferroic La0.75Ba0.25Fe12O19 Ceramic." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2023): 5718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095718.
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The potential application of multiferroic materials in new electronic devices attracts more and more attention from people either in an academic field or industry. This paper reports that M-type lanthanum-doped barium ferrite (La0.75Ba0.25Fe12O19) demonstrates full antiferroelectric (AFE) and excellent magnetoelectric coupling effects at room temperature, while its AFE phase displays a zero macroscopic net polarization. The dramatic change in the dielectric constant near the Curie temperature far below room temperature represents the transition from ferroelectrics (FE) to antiferroelectrics. The fully separated double electric polarization hysteresis (P–E) loops confirmed its AFE performance. Its EF and EA are located at 1100 kV/cm and 850 kV/cm, respectively. The large M–H loop showed a strong magnetic property simultaneously. The UV-Vis-NIR optical spectrum revealed that La0.75Ba0.25Fe12O19 is also a semiconductor, whose direct bandgap energy (Eg) was determined to be 1.753 eV. Meanwhile, La0.75Ba0.25Fe12O19 showed strong ME coupling and a GMR effect. A 1.1 T magnetic field reduced its resistance by 110% at 30 kHz. The multiple functions combined in one phase would create new options for high energy storage capacitors, microactuators, pyroelectric safety sensors, cooling devices, and pulsed power generators and so on, as well as great opportunities for generating new electronic devices with active magnetoelectric coupling effects.
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Aboudi, Jacob. "The behavior of cracked multiferroic composites: Fully coupled thermo-electro-magneto-elastic analysis." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 15 (June 13, 2018): 3037–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781261.
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The response of cracked multiferroic composites that are subjected to thermo-electro-magneto-elastic loading is established by employing a two-scale analysis. To that end, the fully coupled constitutive and governing equations are utilized in the analysis. This form a generalization of a one-way thermal coupling analysis in which the electro-magneto-elastic field does not affect the thermal field. The micro-scale analysis is based on a micromechanical model which is capable of predicting the effective stiffness tensor of the undamaged multiferroic composite as well as the concentration tensors which enable the computation of the local field from the applied thermo-electro-magneto-elastic far-field. The macro-scale analysis provides the response of the cracked composite of periodic microstructure to the applied loading. It is based on the combined use of the representative cell method and the higher order theory. In the framework of the representative cell method, the problem for a periodic composite which is discretized into numerous identical cells is reduced to a problem of a single cell in the discrete Fourier transform domain. In the framework of the higher order theory, the governing equations and interfacial and periodic conditions formulated in the transform domain are solved by dividing the single cell into several subcells and imposing these conditions in an average (integral) sense. Results exhibit the responses caused by the application of mechanical, electric, magnetic, thermal, and heat flow loadings on two types of cracked periodically layered composites and provide comparisons between the predictions of the full and one-way thermal coupling analyses.
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Bochenek, Dariusz. "A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072524.
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This study reports a combined technological process that includes synthesis by the calcination powder route and sintering by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method for multiferroic ceramic composites in order to find the optimal sintering conditions. The effects of temperature on the SPS process and dwell time on the microstructure and dielectric properties of the PF composites were discussed. Research has shown that using the SPS method in the technological process of the multiferroic composites favors the correct densification of powders and allows for obtaining a fine-grained microstructure with good properties and electrophysical parameters in the composite material. The optimal set of parameters and properties is demonstrated by the sample obtained at the temperature of 900 °C for 3 min, i.e., resistivity (6.4 × 108 Ωm), values of the dielectric loss factor (0.016), permittivity at room temperature (753) and permittivity at the phase transition temperature (3290). Moreover, due to the high homogeneity of the microstructure, the strength of the material against electric breakdown increases (when examining the ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the application of a high electric field (3—3.5 kV/mm) is also possible at higher temperatures). In the case of the composite material tested, both the lower and higher temperatures as well as the shorter and longer dwell times (compared to the optimal SPS process conditions) did not contribute to the improvement of the microstructure or the set of usable parameters of the composite materials. The strength of the ceramic samples against electric breakdown has also diminished, while the phenomenon of leakage current increased.
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Gao, Junqi, Zekun Jiang, Shuangjie Zhang, Zhineng Mao, Ying Shen, and Zhaoqiang Chu. "Review of Magnetoelectric Sensors." Actuators 10, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060109.
Full textAbstract:
Multiferroic magnetoelectric (ME) materials with the capability of coupling magnetization and electric polarization have been providing diverse routes towards functional devices and thus attracting ever-increasing attention. The typical device applications include sensors, energy harvesters, magnetoelectric random access memories, tunable microwave devices and ME antennas etc. Among those application scenarios, ME sensors are specifically focused in this review article. We begin with an introduction of materials development and then recent advances in ME sensors are overviewed. Engineering applications of ME sensors are followed and typical scenarios are presented. Finally, several remaining challenges and future directions from the perspective of sensor designs and real applications are included.
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Vopson, Melvin M., Yuri K. Fetisov, and Ian Hepburn. "Solid-State Heating Using the Multicaloric Effect in Multiferroics." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7120154.
Full textAbstract:
The multicaloric effect is defined as the adiabatic reversible temperature change in multiferroic materials induced by the application of an external electric or magnetic field, and it was first theoretically proposed in 2012. The multicaloric effects in multiferroics, as well as other similar caloric effects in single ferroics, such as magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, barocaloric, and electrocaloric, have been the focus of much research due to their potential commercialization in solid-state refrigeration. In this short communication article, we examine the thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect for solid-state heating applications. A possible thermodynamic multicaloric heating cycle is proposed and then implemented to estimate the solid-state heating effect for a known electrocaloric system. This work offers a path to implementing caloric and multicaloric effects to efficient heating systems, and we offer a theoretical estimate of the upper limit of the temperature change achievable in a multicaloric cooling or heating effect.
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CHEN, W., C. X. HUANG, T. S. YAN, W. ZHU, Z. P. LI, X. F. CHEN, and O. K. TAN. "SYNTHESIS OF CoFe2O4/Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 MULTIFERROIC COMPOSITE THICK FILMS BY LOW-SINTERING-TEMPERATURE SCREEN PRINTING METHOD." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 01 (January 2011): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x1100015x.
Full textAbstract:
CoFe 2 O 4/ Pb ( Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47) O 3 (abbreviated as CFO/PZT) multiferroic composite thick films were successfully fabricated on alumina substrate with gold bottom electrode by screen printing method at a low-sintering temperature. The processing included the modification and dispersion of ferromagnetic CFO powder and ferroelectric PZT powder, the preparation of uniform pastes, and the selection of proper annealing temperature for composite thick films. Transmission electron microscopic pictures (TEM) indicated the submicron meter of particles size for both CFO and PZT particles. After annealing at 900°C for 1 h in air, tape test confirmed the quality of multiferroic thick films as well as pure CFO and PZT films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed a coexistence of CFO and PZT phases; furthermore, a smooth surface was observed through scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures along with the sharp cross-sectional picture, indicative of 100 μm of film thickness. Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties were observed in CFO/PZT films simultaneously at room temperature. Compared with the reported CFO/PZT multiferrroic thin films, the present ferromagnetic property was closing to that of the chemical sol-gel synthesized film and even that from the physical pulsed laser deposition technique. However, the ferroelectric property showed a degenerated behavior, possible reasons for this was discussed and further optimization was also proposed for the potential multifunctional application.
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Ruff, Eugen, Sebastian Widmann, Peter Lunkenheimer, Vladimir Tsurkan, Sandor Bordács, Istvan Kézsmárki, and Alois Loidl. "Multiferroicity and skyrmions carrying electric polarization in GaV4S8." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (November 2015): e1500916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500916.
Full textAbstract:
Skyrmions are whirl-like topological spin objects with high potential for future magnetic data storage. A fundamental question that is relevant to both basic research and application is whether ferroelectric (FE) polarization can be associated with skyrmions’ magnetic texture and whether these objects can be manipulated by electric fields. We study the interplay between magnetism and electric polarization in the lacunar spinel GaV4S8, which undergoes a structural transition associated with orbital ordering at 44 K and reveals a complex magnetic phase diagram below 13 K, including ferromagnetic, cycloidal, and Néel-type skyrmion lattice (SkL) phases. We found that the orbitally ordered phase of GaV4S8 is FE with a sizable polarization of ~1 μC/cm2. Moreover, we observed spin-driven excess polarizations in all magnetic phases; hence, GaV4S8 hosts three different multiferroic phases with coexisting polar and magnetic order. These include the SkL phase, where we predict a strong spatial modulation of FE polarization close to the skyrmion cores. By taking into account the crystal symmetry and spin patterns of the magnetically ordered phases, we identify exchange striction as the main microscopic mechanism behind the spin-driven FE polarization in each multiferroic phase. Because GaV4S8 is unique among known SkL host materials owing to its polar crystal structure and the observed strong magnetoelectric effect, this study is an important step toward the nondissipative electric field control of skyrmions.
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Dzunuzovic, Adis, Mirjana Vijatovic-Petrovic, Jelena Bobic, Nikola Ilic, and Biljana Stojanovic. "Magnetoelectric properties of materials based on barium zirconium titanate and various magnetic compounds." Processing and Application of Ceramics 15, no. 3 (2021): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2103256d.
Full textAbstract:
Multiferroic composites containing ferroelectric Ba(Ti0.80Zr0.20)O3 (BT80Zr20) phase and magnetic Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 (NZF), CoFe2O4 (CF) or Ni0.7Cu0.01Sm0.05Zn0.29Fe1.95O4 (NCuSmZF) phase were investigated in this study. Three composites, BT80Zr20-NZF, BT80Zr20-CF and BT80Zr20-NCuSmZF were prepared by mixing chemically synthesized powders in the planetary mill, uniaxial pressing and sintering at 1300?C. X-ray diffraction data for the single phase and composites ceramics indicated the formation of crystallized structure of both ferrites and barium zirconium titanate, without the presence of undesirable phases. Microstructure analysis has shown the formation of two types of nanosized grains, polygonal ferromagnetic andd rounded ferroelectric grains. Non-saturated hysteresis loops were evident in all composite samples possibly due to the presence of very high conductive ferrite phases. The BT80Zr20-CF has shown the lowest conductivity values in comparison with other two compounds and therefore the highest potential for ferroelectric application. The impedance investigations confirmed the presence of different relaxation processes that originate from the grain and grain boundary contributions. Investigation of J-E relation between leakage and electric field for the BT80Zr20 and composites revealed the presence of four possible mechanisms of conduction in these materials.
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Tiwari, Santosh K., Anukul K. Thakur, Amrita De Adhikari, Yanqiu Zhu, and Nannan Wang. "Current Research of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites and Their Application for Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102046.
Full textAbstract:
This review acmes the latest developments of composites of metal oxides/sulfide comprising of graphene and its analogues as electrode materials in the construction of the next generation of supercapacitors (SCs). SCs have become an indispensable device of energy-storage modes. A prompt increase in the number of scientific accomplishments in this field, including publications, patents, and device fabrication, has evidenced the immense attention they have attracted from scientific communities. These efforts have resulted in rapid advancements in the field of SCs, focusing on the development of electrode materials with features of high performance, economic viability, and robustness. It has been demonstrated that carbon-based electrode materials mixed with metal oxides and sulfoxides can perform extremely well in terms of energy density, durability, and exceptional cyclic stability. Herein, the state-of-the-art technologies relevant to the fabrication, characterization, and property assessment of graphene-based SCs are discussed in detail, especially for the composite forms when mixing with metal sulfide, metal oxides, metal foams, and nanohybrids. Effective synthetic methodologies for the nanocomposite fabrications via intercalation, coating, wrapping, and covalent interactions will be reviewed. We will first introduce some fundamental aspects of SCs, and briefly highlight the impact of graphene-based nanostructures on the basic principle of SCs, and then the recent progress in graphene-based electrodes, electrolytes, and all-solid-state SCs will be covered. The important surface properties of the metal oxides/sulfides electrode materials (nickel oxide, nickel sulfide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxides, stannous oxide, nickel-cobalt sulfide manganese oxides, multiferroic materials like BaMnF, core-shell materials, etc.) will be described in each section as per requirement. Finally, we will show that composites of graphene-based electrodes are promising for the construction of the next generation of high performance, robust SCs that hold the prospects for practical applications.
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Hassanpour, Ehsan, Yannik Zemp, Yusuke Tokunaga, Yasujiro Taguchi, Yoshinori Tokura, Thomas Lottermoser, Manfred Fiebig, and Mads C. Weber. "Magnetoelectric transfer of a domain pattern." Science 377, no. 6610 (September 2, 2022): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm3058.
Full textAbstract:
The utility of ferroic materials is determined by the formation of domains and their poling behavior under externally applied fields. For multiferroics, which exhibit several types of ferroic order at once, it is also relevant how the domains of the coexisting ferroic states couple and what kind of functionality this might involve. In this work, we demonstrate the reversible transfer of a domain pattern between magnetization and electric-polarization space in the multiferroic Dy 0.7 Tb 0.3 FeO 3 . A magnetic field transfers a ferromagnetic domain pattern into an identical ferroelectric domain pattern while erasing it at its magnetic origin. Reverse transfer completes the cycle. To assess the generality of our experiment, we elaborate on its conceptual origin and aspects of application.
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Oliveira, Luis M. C., Rafael Dias, Carine M. Rebello, Márcio A. F. Martins, Alírio E. Rodrigues, Ana M. Ribeiro, and Idelfonso B. R. Nogueira. "Artificial Intelligence and Cyber-Physical Systems: A Review and Perspectives for the Future in the Chemical Industry." AI 2, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai2030027.
Full textAbstract:
Modern society is living in an age of paradigm changes. In part, these changes have been driven by new technologies, which provide high performance computing capabilities that enable the creation of complex Artificial Intelligence systems. Those developments are allowing the emergence of new Cyber Systems where the continuously generated data is utilized to build Artificial Intelligence models used to perform specialized tasks within the system. While, on one hand, the isolated application of the cyber systems is becoming widespread, on the other hand, their synchronical integration with other cyber systems to build a concise and cognitive structure that can interact deeply and autonomously with a physical system is still a completely open question, only addressed in some works from a philosophical point of view. From this standpoint, the AI can play an enabling role to allow the existence of these cognitive CPSs. This review provides a look at some of the aspects that will be crucial in the development of cyber-physical systems, focusing on the application of artificial intelligence to confer cognition to the system. Topics such as control and optimization architectures and digital twins are presented as components of the CPS. It also provides a conceptual overview of the impacts that the application of these technologies might have in the chemical industry, more specifically in the purification of methane.
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Tuluk, Anton, Hans Brouwer, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "Controlling the Oxygen Defects Concentration in a Pure BiFeO3 Bulk Ceramic." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 6509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196509.
Full textAbstract:
BiFeO3 is a multiferroic material with a perovskite structure that has a lot of potential for use in sensors and transducers. However, obtaining pure single-phase BiFeO3 ceramic with a low electrical conductivity via solid-state reactions remains a problem that limits its application. In this work, the suppression of secondary phases in BiFeO3 was studied by varying the compositional parameters and the sintering temperature. The addition of 1% Bi2O3 to the stoichiometric precursor mixture prevented the formation of secondary phases observed when sintering stoichiometric precursors. The pure phase ceramic had a p-type conductivity and a three-decade lower electrical conductivity as measured by impedance spectroscopy. Annealing of optimally synthesized material at different partial pressures of oxygen in an oxygen–nitrogen gas atmosphere showed that the reason for this type of conductivity lies in the high concentration of defects associated with oxygen. By annealing in various mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen, it is possible to control the concentration of these defects and hence the conductivity, which can go down another two decades. At a pO2 ≤10%, the conductivity is determined by intrinsic charge carriers in the material itself.
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Melnikov, O. N., and N. A. Gankin. "National Experience in Scientific Production Organization and Opportunities of its Application from the Standpoint of Lean Manufacturing." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 9, no. 4 (January 13, 2019): 530–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2018.9.4.530-545.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: the article presents the results of a comparative study of the achievements of the leading Russian scientific schools, which stood at the origins of the scientific production organization. The main purpose of the study is to find out which theories of national scientific schools in the field of production organization appeared at the beginning of the 20th century have remained relevant until now and can be developed in our days. First of all, these theories were considered from the standpoint of the lean manufacturing concept usage, not only for material products, but for information products as well.Methods: the analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of analogies were used as the main methods of this scientific research.Results: the conducted research proved that almost in all researches of the production organization in 20–30 years of XX century, as a rule, the vector of influence of human resources on the manufacturing process was implicitly present. However, at that time, the dominant role was played by the production of material economic products with a small part of the intellectual component in their structure (compared to nowadays), while today the intellectual component became incomparably larger. The result of the study was also a modified version of the Japanese concept of «4M» on the role of materials, machine, man and method of labor management with the addition of the 5th «M» (mentality – a mental state), which allows to evaluate also the intellectual and creative (intangible) component of the production process. For the first time it is offered to consider and investigate possibilities of use in practice of human resources management the concept of "intellectual and creative attitudes" as the factor defining the degree of predisposition of the worker to use his intellectual potential through the required level of the creative abilities at production of information economy products.Conclusions and Relevance: it was shown that the subject of the in-depth research is not material products, but the information economy products, in the production of which the logic of providing the necessary information becomes crucial, taking into consideration the formation of confiding relations between the management of enterprises and their employees.
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Nakajima, Y. "Application of Computational Mechanics to Tire Design—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow." Tire Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3670034.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The tire technology related with the computational mechanics is reviewed from the standpoint of yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Yesterday: A finite element method was developed in the 1950s as a tool of computational mechanics. In the tire manufacturers, finite element analysis (FEA) was started applying to a tire analysis in the beginning of 1970s and this was much earlier than the vehicle industry, electric industry, and others. The main reason was that construction and configurations of a tire were so complicated that analytical approach could not solve many problems related with tire mechanics. Since commercial software was not so popular in 1970s, in-house axisymmetric codes were developed for three kinds of application such as stress/strain, heat conduction, and modal analysis. Since FEA could make the stress/strain visible in a tire, the application area was mainly tire durability. Today: combining FEA with optimization techniques, the tire design procedure is drastically changed in side wall shape, tire crown shape, pitch variation, tire pattern, etc. So the computational mechanics becomes an indispensable tool for tire industry. Furthermore, an insight to improve tire performance is obtained from the optimized solution and the new technologies were created from the insight. Then, FEA is applied to various areas such as hydroplaning and snow traction based on the formulation of fluid–tire interaction. Since the computational mechanics enables us to see what we could not see, new tire patterns were developed by seeing the streamline in tire contact area and shear stress in snow in traction.Tomorrow: The computational mechanics will be applied in multidisciplinary areas and nano-scale areas to create new technologies. The environmental subjects will be more important such as rolling resistance, noise and wear.
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ZAKHARKEVICH, Oksana, Svitlana KULESHOVA, Serhii TKACHUK, and Svitlata LUKYANCHUK. "ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NUCLEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 309, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-309-3-240-248.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to identifying the main ways to improve the design and manufacture of clothing for nuclear power plant workers to ensure the competitiveness of domestic products. The scientific novelty of the work is that it further developed the issue of systematization of the range of nuclear protective clothing, which identified ways to improve its design processes in the domestic garment industry. The practical significance of the work lies in the use of polymeric materials in the designed methods of processing the components of the developed suit of nuclear protective clothing. The authors analyze the current state of research in the design and manufacture of nuclear protective clothing. Depending on the work performed, the range of nuclear protective clothing is considered from the standpoint of the materials used. The world leaders producing nuclear protective clothing are 3M; Lakeland; DuPont; Honeywell; Microgard; Delta Plus; Kappler; Casco; MATISEC; VersarPPS. According to the results of the analysis of the range of nuclear protective clothing, it is determined that the vast majority of manufacturers focus on the materials from which nuclear protective clothing is made to protect against radiation pollution and other harmful factors. As a result of scientific research, the basic approaches of the world leaders-manufacturers of nuclear protective clothing concerning the connection of details of products are defined. A database of seams used to make nuclear protective clothing has been formed. Among the variety of protective clothing, the basic design and technological solutions of protective clothing are identified as those that most fully protect against certain types of hazards for various industries in terms of passive methods of employee protection. The selected range of basic protective clothing includes suits and varieties of pants and jackets. A men’s jacket as a part of nuclear protective clothing is proposed, and methods of processing the product’s main components based on the use of polymeric materials are improved. Sealing the joints of the product parts using a film with a polymer coating is suggested. The authors have formulated requirements for materials used for the manufacture of suits for nuclear power plant workers: indicators of physical and mechanical, and physicochemical properties of materials for manufacturing white suits.
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Tao, Jia Gui, Yong Yong Jia, Hao Wu, and Jing Gang Yang. "Low-Frequency Nanotesla Resolution of Magnetic Field Detection in Metglas/Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.695.
Full textAbstract:
We report nanotesla resolution in a three-phase Metglas/FeNi/PZT-5A multiferroic composite with one end rigidly clamped operating in the first-order bending resonant mode for low-frequency magnetic field detection. Strong bending magnetoelectric (ME) couplings induced by the ununiform strain distribution in the free-clamped magnetostrictive beam are achieved without the benefit of nonmagnetic tip mass, and its natural resonant frequency is much lower than that in operating free-free mode. In addition, high-permeability materials Metgals are attached on the magnetostrictive beam for magnetic flux concentrating and resolution improvement. Experimental results reveal that the three-phase ferromagnetic/magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite with a cantilever beam structure exhibits a high bending ME coefficient of ~32.17 V/cm·Oe at the resonant bending frequency of 819Hz under Hdc=175Oe. At the resonant excitation, the maximum resolution of 7nT is acquired under Hac=1Oe. The proposed ME cantilever structure with high resolution provideds a promising application in low-frequency magnetic transducer and sensors.
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Zhang, Yilin, Yuhan Wang, Ji Qi, Yu Tian, Mingjie Sun, Junkai Zhang, Tingjing Hu, Maobin Wei, Yanqing Liu, and Jinghai Yang. "Enhanced Magnetic Properties of BiFeO3 Thin Films by Doping: Analysis of Structure and Morphology." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090711.
Full textAbstract:
The improvement of ferromagnetic properties is critical for the practical application of multiferroic materials, to be exact, BiFeO3 (BFO). Herein, we have investigated the evolution in the structure and morphology of Ho or/and Mn-doped thin films and the related diversification in ferromagnetic behavior. BFO, Bi0.95Ho0.05FeO3 (BHFO), BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFMO) and Bi0.95Ho0.05Fe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BHFMO) thin films are synthesized via the conventional sol-gel method. Density, size and phase structure are crucial to optimize the ferromagnetic properties. Specifically, under the applied magnetic field of 10 kOe, BHFO and BFMO thin films can produce obvious magnetic properties during magnetization and, additionally, doping with Ho and Mn (BHFMO) can achieve better magnetic properties. This enhancement is attributed to the lattice distortions caused by the ionic sizes difference between the doping agent and the host, the generation of the new exchange interactions and the inhibition of the antiferromagnetic spiral modulated spin structure. This study provides key insights of understanding the tunable ferromagnetic properties of co-doped BFO.
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Lishtvan, Ivan I., and Vera N. Aleinikova. "RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES OF PEAT AND BROWN COAL." Nature Management, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2079-3928-2021-1-169-174.
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Knowledge about structure and rheological peculiarities of drilling solutions and reagents applied for the proceeding of oil wells has significant value for the forecasting of oil wells drilling. The research results of the structure of the humic substances of peat and brown coals precipitated in different pH ranges from the standpoint of their ability to structure formation on the base of the rheological curves obtaining of the flow of their dispersions
and determining of their rheological parameters in terms of their application in drilling practice are given in the article. It is established that during transition from fraction, beset into alkaline media (12.0–8.5) to fraction beset into acid media (5.0–2.0) the decrease of the rheological indicators of caustobiolate humic substance is occurred. Rheological curves of the flow of the disperse of caustobiolate humic substances of the fraction 1 and 2 are characterized for strong fossil structures, disperses of humic substances of the fraction 3 is for less strong coagulation structures. Less structured are humic substances of brown coal so that their use is preferable for the regulation of the structure and rheological peculiarities of drilling solutions.
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Bakhchova, Liubov, Linas Jonušauskas, Dovilė Andrijec, Marharyta Kurachkina, Tomas Baravykas, Alexey Eremin, and Ulrike Steinmann. "Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143076.
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Organ-on-a-chip devices are gaining popularity in medical research due to the possibility of performing extremely complex living-body-resembling research in vitro. For this reason, there is a substantial drive in developing technologies capable of producing such structures in a simple and, at the same time, flexible manner. One of the primary challenges in producing organ-on-chip devices from a manufacturing standpoint is the prevalence of layer-by-layer bonding techniques, which result in limitations relating to the applicable materials and geometries and limited repeatability. In this work, we present an improved approach, using three dimensional (3D) laser lithography for the direct integration of a functional part—the membrane—into a closed-channel system. We show that it allows the freely choice of the geometry of the membrane and its integration into a complete organ-on-a-chip system. Considerations relating to sample preparation, the writing process, and the final preparation for operation are given. Overall, we consider that the broader application of 3D laser lithography in organ-on-a-chip fabrication is the next logical step in this field’s evolution.
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Del Buono, Daniele, Alessandro Di Michele, Ferdinando Costantino, Marco Trevisan, and Luigi Lucini. "Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Novel Plant Extract: Application to Enhance Physiological and Biochemical Traits in Maize." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051270.
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The need to increase crop productivity and resistance directs interest in nanotechnology. Indeed, biogenic metal oxide nanoparticles can promote beneficial effects in plants, while their synthesis avoids the environmental impacts of conventional synthetic procedures. In this context, this research aimed to synthesize biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using, for the first time, an extract of a wild and spontaneous aquatic species, Lemna minor (duckweed). The effectiveness of this biogenic synthesis was evidenced for comparison with non-biogenic ZnO-NPs (obtained without using the plant extract), which have been synthesized in this research. XRD (X-ray diffraction), FE-SEM (field emission gun electron scanning microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscope) and UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry) showed the biogenic approach effectiveness. The duckweed extract was subjected to UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS (ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry) phenolic profiling. This untargeted characterization highlighted a high and chemically diverse content in the duckweed extract of compounds potentially implicated in nanoparticulation. From an application standpoint, the effect of biogenic nanoparticles was investigated on some traits of maize subjected to seed priming with a wide range of biogenic ZnO-NPs concentrations. Inductive effects on the shoot and root biomass development were ascertained concerning the applied dosage. Furthermore, the biogenic ZnO-NPs stimulated the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanin. Finally, the study of malondialdehyde content (MDA) as a marker of the oxidative status further highlighted the beneficial and positive action of the biogenic ZnO-NPs on maize.
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Jamshidi, H., and A. Rabiee. "Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylamide-Based Anionic Copolymer and Investigation of Solution Properties." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/728675.
Full textAbstract:
The copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was synthesized through radical solution polymerization by potassium persulfate as initiator. By changing the AMPS feed ratio from 10 to 70%, and keeping other reaction conditions constant, different copolymers were synthesized. The techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-13C-NMR) spectroscopy were used for identification of functional groups and confirmation of copolymers’ structure. Intrinsic and apparent viscosity of samples were measured in aqueous sodium chloride solution under standard conditions. The anionic degree of copolymers was determined by back titration method and by13C-NMR spectroscopy. Molecular weight of copolymers was determined by the Mark-Houwink relationship. The measured molecular weight of samples showed that we have acquired a high molecular weight product. The effect of different range of shear rates on solution viscosity was evaluated. The copolymer solutions showed non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior. The performance of copolymers with respect to shear resistance and molecular weight was evaluated from industry application standpoint.
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Winandy, Jerrold E. "Advanced Wood- and Bio-Composites: Enhanced Performance and Sustainability." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.9.
Full textAbstract:
Use of wood-based-composites technology to create value-added commodities and traditional construction materials is generally accepted worldwide. Engineered wood- and lignocellulosiccomposite technologies allow users to add considerable value to a diverse number of wood- and lignocellulosic feedstocks including small-diameter timber, fast plantation-grown timber, agricultural fibre and lignocellulosic residues, exotic-invasive species, recycled lumber, and timber removals of hazardous forest-fuels. Another potential advantage of this type of economic- and materials-development scenario is that developing industrial composite processing technologies will provide producers an ability to use, and to adapt with, an ever-changing quality level of wood and/or other natural lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, the current level of performance of our state-of-the-art engineered composite products sometimes limit broader application into commercial, non-residential and industrial construction markets because of both real and perceived issues related to fire, structural-performance, and service-life. The worldwide research community has recognized this and is currently addressing each of these issues. From a performance standpoint, this developing knowledge has already and will continue to provide the fundamental understanding required to manufacture advanced engineered composites. From a manufacturing and a resource sustainability standpoint, with this evolving fundamental understanding of the relationships between materials, processes, and composite performance properties we now can in some cases, or may soon be able to, recognize the attributes and quality of an array of bio-based materials then adjust the composite manufacturing process to produce high-performance composite products. As this fundamental understanding is developed, we will increasingly be able to produce advanced, high-performance wood- and bio-composites. Then we must use those technologies as tools to help forest and land managers fund efforts to restore damaged eco-systems and which in turn may further promote sustainable forest management practices.
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Jing, Yang, and Yang Song. "Application of 3D Reality Technology Combined with CAD in Animation Modeling Design." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 18, S3 (October 20, 2020): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2021.s3.164-175.
Full textAbstract:
Computer three-dimensional animation is a new type of animation with the development of computer software and hardware technology in recent years. Three-dimensional animation should apply the software of three-dimensional animation technology to establish a virtual world in the computer. In this virtual three-dimensional world, designers build animated character models and scene models according to the shape and scale of the objects to be represented. Then set the motion trajectory of the character model, the motion of the virtual camera and other animation parameters according to the requirements, and then assign specific materials to the model and add lights to the model. Then the computer can automatically calculate and generate the final continuous picture. Under this background, the research on 3D animation character shaping in this paper is to analyze and study the market situation from the standpoint of small-scale 3D animation companies (teams) with relatively weak technology, and through the author's own creative practice, this paper summarizes some principles for the design and production of 3D animation characters, and tries to improve the education system of 3D animation character design. It promotes the production and dissemination of 3D animation and distinct 3D animation characters. Starting with the comparative research method, this paper summarizes the differences of 3D animation character shaping from the comparison of the characteristics of 3D animation and traditional animation, and then summarizes the efficient ways and methods of how to shape 3D animation characters by combining practice with theory.