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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiferric Nanocomposites'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Mahesh, Dabbugalla, and Swapan K. Mandal. "Multiferroicity in ZnO nanodumbbell/BiFeO3 nanoparticle heterostructures." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 12 (May 6, 2016): 1650074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216500740.

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We report here on the multiferroic properties of ZnO–BiFeO3 (BiFeO3 referred hereinafter as BFO) nanocomposite structures obtained by using a facile solution-based synthesis route. ZnO is found to grow in the form of well-crystallized and self-assembled dumbbell-like structures. BFO nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto ZnO nanodumbbells (NDs) to obtain ZnO–BFO heterostructures. The nanocomposites show prominent ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loop along with enhanced magnetization in comparison to pure BFO NPs. The ordered alignment of spins along with the suppression of Fe–O–Fe antiferromagnetic super-exchange interactions at the ZnO/BFO interface plausibly gives rise to observed multiferroic properties.
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2

Suastiyanti, Dwita, Bambang Soegijono, and M. Hikam. "Magnetoelectric Coupling Phenomena Based on the Changes of Magnetic Properties in Multiferroic Nanocomposite BaTiO3-BaFe12O19." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.385.

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Magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effects in multiferroic materials have attracted much attention in recent times because of the intriguing science underpinning this phenomena and being currently intense interest in the implementation of this coupling in an electronic devices. A new multiferroic system comprising of BaTiO3 (BTO) and BaFe12O19 (BHF) has been synthesized as a bulk nanocomposite system in variation of weight fraction of BTO : BHF =1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 and the second sinter temperature was 925°C for 5, 10 and 15 hours. The presence of both phases were confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) studies and MPS Magnet Physik EP3 Permagraph L was used to characterize magnetic properties.The morphology and particle size of nanocomposite was characterized by using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). No residual phases were identified in the XRD analysis for all parameters confirming the formation of a BTO-BHF composite system. The TEM images show that all samples have particle in nanosize.For weight fraction of BHF until 2 parts there is an increase of intrinsic coersive and magnetization saturation value. If the weight fraction of BHF exceeds from 2 parts, the coersivity and saturation values decrease. Meanwhile in compound of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and BHF as a compare material, the magnetic properties increase with increasing the content of BHF until 3 parts. From the above results, it presumes that the nanocomposites with weight fraction of BTO : BHF = 1:3 for all time of sintering have ME coupling interaction showing a multiferroic nature. To give evidence of this phenomena, it needs a measurement of ME coupling coefficients for all parameters.
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3

Sharma, Priyanka, Anjali Jain, and Ratnamala Chatterjee. "Enhanced magnetic performance in exchange-coupled CoFe2O4–LaFeO3 nanocomposites." Nanotechnology 33, no. 10 (December 17, 2021): 105708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3e31.

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Abstract Nanocomposite oxide system of (x)CoFe2O4–(100-x)LaFeO3 with different weight percent of core-shell structured CoFe2O4 (x = 0, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100) and LaFeO3 were fabricated, via a two-step sol-gel wet-chemical synthesis technique. The phase formation of the composites was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and the structural parameters of both the phases were attained from the Rietveld refinement results of XRD patterns. The elemental composition and microstructure of the resulting nanocomposites were examined by using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technique, respectively. The detailed magnetometry studies at 300 K and 5 K reveal that the inter-and intra-phase magnetic interactions affect the saturation magnetization (M S), remanence magnetization (M R) and coercivity (H C) values of this bi-magnetic system. The remarkable feature of ‘pinched magnetic hysteresis loop’ was evidenced in the [(50) CoFe2O4 - (50)LaFeO3] composite, leading to a lesser magnetic loss factor and better magnetic performance of this sample. The report depicts an improved interfacial exchange coupling at 5 K, for the nanocomposites of core-shell morphology and offers an understanding or explanation of improved magnetic performance for the (50)CoFe2O4 - (50)LaFeO3 nanocomposite and opens up an important way to design new multiferroic applications in low magnetic fields.
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4

Kambale, Rahul C., Dae-Yong Jeong, and Jungho Ryu. "Current Status of Magnetoelectric Composite Thin/Thick Films." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/824643.

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Here we review the current status of magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroics and ME composite thin/thick films. The magnitude of ME coupling in the composite systems is dependent upon the elastic coupling occurring at the interface of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. The multiferroic ME films in comparison with bulk ME composites have some unique advantages and show higher magnitude of ME response. In ME composite films, thickness of the films is one of the important factors to have enough signal. However, most of all reported ME nanocomposite structured films in literature are limited in overall thickness which might be related to interface strain resulting from difference in thermal expansion mismatch between individual phases and the substrate. We introduced noble ME composite film fabrication technique, aerosol deposition (AD) to overcome these problems. The success in AD fabrication and characterization of ME composite films with various microstructure such as 3-2, 2-2 connectivity are discussed.
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5

Nageena, Arsa, Alina Manzoor, Amir Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Aamir Shahzad, and Muhammad Kashif. "Investigation of Dielectric, Magnetic and Electrical Behavior of BFO/GNPs Nano-Composites Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method." Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2022.0302.0027.

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Nano composites of Ba0.5Bi0.5Nd0.05Fe0.95O3 multiferroic with graphene nano platelets (GNPs)x (x = 0, 0.125 %, 0.375 %, and 0.5 %) were synthesized using sol-gel auto ignition process. XRD analysis revealed a single rhombohedrally distorted phase of Ba0.5Bi0.5Nd0.05Fe0.95O3. The present study unfold the impact of GNPs on the structural, electrical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of Ba0.5Bi0.5Nd0.05Fe0.95O3 multiferroics. The substitution of Rare earth elements in pure BFO reduced the value of leakage current which is the basic drawback related with pure BFO. The prepared nanocomposites are then sintered at 800 °C for 7 hrs. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the rhombohedral distorted perovskite crystal structure of the prepared samples including lattice constant, crystallite size, and X-ray density. The average crystallite sizes of the prepared nanocomposites are noticed in the range 28.14 -to 29.74 nm with increasing the GNPs concentration and lattice constant is found in the range 11.59 -to 11.61 Å. Temperature-dependent resistivity is first observed to increase with an increase in temperature then resistivity decreased with increasing the temperature which indicates a semi-conductor-like behavior as measured by two probe I-V characteristics. LCR technique showed that both the dielectric constant and the dissipation factor are decreased with an increase in frequency. VSM results indicated that saturation magnetization is noted to increase while remanent magnetization decreases with increasing concentration of GNPs.
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6

Dutta, Papia, S. K. Mandal, and A. Nath. "Room Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling, Electrical, and Optical Properties of BaFe2O4 – ZnO Nanocomposites." Integrated Ferroelectrics 201, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2019.1668703.

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Polycrystalline multiferroic nanocomposites with general formula xBaFe2O4 – (1 – x) ZnO (x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) are prepared by chemical pyrophoric reaction method and solid-state route. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction which indicates the formation of both the phases in the composites. The morphological analysis and elemental compositions have been identified by using field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis techniques. These micrographs reveal the particle sizes are in the nanometer dimension. The band gap of the nanocomposites is estimated employing UV-Vis spectroscopy. The DC electrical resistivity exhibits a metal-semiconductor transition for all the nanocompositions. Temperature-dependent AC conductivity of the nanocomposites is found to obey the Jonscher’s power law. The room temperature multiferroic behavior of the nanocomposites is confirmed from the detailed magnetoelectric response studies. The coupling coefficient is obtained maximum for x = 0.5 compositions for both in transverse and longitudinal mode due to the more ferrite content i.e., more magnetostrictive behaviour in the nanocompositions.
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7

Rana, Dhiraj Kumar, Suresh Kumar Singh, Shovan Kumar Kundu, Subir Roy, S. Angappane, and Soumen Basu. "Electrical and room temperature multiferroic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites doped with nickel ferrite nanoparticles." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 7 (2019): 3128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04755c.

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8

Jalouli, Alireza, and Shenqiang Ren. "Magnetoelectric interaction in molecular multiferroic nanocomposites." RSC Advances 12, no. 37 (2022): 24050–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04060c.

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9

Remya, K. P., R. Rajalakshmi, and N. Ponpandian. "Development of BiFeO3/MnFe2O4 ferrite nanocomposites with enhanced magnetic and electrical properties." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 7 (2020): 2968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00255k.

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10

Saravanamoorthy, Somasundaram, Muniyandi Muneeswaran, NambiVenkatesan Giridharan, and Sivan Velmathi. "Solvent-free ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and electrical properties of polycaprolactone blended BiFeO3 nanocomposites." RSC Advances 5, no. 54 (2015): 43897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03983e.

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11

Belyanin, Alexey, Alexander Bagdasarian, Sergey Bagdasarian, Petr Luchnikov, and Natalya Katakhova. "Magnetic Nanocomposites Based on Opal Matrices." Key Engineering Materials 781 (September 2018): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.781.149.

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Features of obtaining magnetic nanocomposites based on the lattice packing of SiO2 nanoscale (opal matrices) with clusters of multiferroic materials (Li-Zn, Bi, Fe, Dy, Gd and Yb titanates) in their interstitial cavities have been considered. For magnetic nanocomposites creation opal matrices with SiO2 nanoscale of ~ 260 nm in diameter have been used. The composition of nanocomposites has been also studied using X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the frequency dependences measurement for the dielectric constant of the nanostructures obtained have been presented. Hysteresis loops have been examined for the samples obtained in the temperature range from 2 to 400 K.
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12

Kawamura, Go, Kentaro Oura, Wai Kian Tan, Taichi Goto, Yuichi Nakamura, Daisaku Yokoe, Francis Leonard Deepak, et al. "Nanotube array-based barium titanate–cobalt ferrite composite film for affordable magnetoelectric multiferroics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 32 (2019): 10066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc02442e.

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13

Aggarwal, Snehlata, Sreeja K. S., S. Chakrabarti, V. R. Palkar, and Arup R. Bhattacharyya. "Fabrication and characterization of flexible films of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Pb(Fe0.5Ti0.5)O3−δ multi-ferroic nano-composite." RSC Advances 6, no. 49 (2016): 42892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01306f.

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The ferroelectric, magnetic and magnetocapacitive measurements at room temperature corroborate the multiferroic nature of poly(vinylidene fluoride)–Pb(Fe0.5Ti0.5)O3−δ (PTFO) nanocomposite films with significant magnetodielectric coupling.
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14

Viehland, Dwight, Jie Fang Li, Yaodong Yang, Tommaso Costanzo, Amin Yourdkhani, Gabriel Caruntu, Peng Zhou, et al. "Tutorial: Product properties in multiferroic nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Physics 124, no. 6 (August 14, 2018): 061101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038726.

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15

Dhanalakshmi, B., K. V. Vivekananda, B. Parvatheeswara Rao, and P. S. V. Subba Rao. "Superparamagnetism in Bi0.95Mn0.05FeO3 – Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites." Physica B: Condensed Matter 571 (October 2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.06.058.

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16

Lakshmi, B. Dhana, O. F. Caltun, I. Dumitru, K. Pratap, B. Parvatheeswara Rao, and P. S. V. Subba Rao. "Bi0.95Mn0.05FeO3 - Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanocomposites with Multiferroic Properties." Materials Today: Proceedings 2, no. 6 (2015): 3806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.08.010.

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17

Sharifi Dehsari, Hamed, Manasvi Kumar, Amr Saad, Moretza Hassanpour Amiri, Chengcheng Yan, Saleem Anwar, Gunnar Glasser, and Kamal Asadi. "Thin-Film Polymer Nanocomposites for Multiferroic Applications." ACS Applied Nano Materials 1, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 6247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b01443.

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18

Algueró, Miguel, Jesús Ricote, María Torres, Harvey Amorín, Aurora Alberca, Oscar Iglesias-Freire, Norbert Nemes, et al. "Thin Film Multiferroic Nanocomposites by Ion Implantation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 3 (January 21, 2014): 1909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am404945m.

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19

Pradhan, D. K., R. N. P. Chowdhury, and T. K. Nath. "Magnetoelectric properties of PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites." Applied Nanoscience 2, no. 3 (April 11, 2012): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0103-y.

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20

Kleemann, Wolfgang. "Multiferroic and magnetoelectric nanocomposites for data processing." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 22 (May 5, 2017): 223001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa6c04.

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21

Terzić, Ivan, Niels L. Meereboer, Harm Hendrik Mellema, and Katja Loos. "Polymer-based multiferroic nanocomposites via directed block copolymer self-assembly." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 4 (2019): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc05017a.

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22

Chakraborty, Sarit, S. K. Mandal, and B. Saha. "Investigation of electrical transport and magnetoelectric coupling of codoped ferrite–PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 multiferroic nanocomposites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 05 (February 20, 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921950022x.

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The multiferroic magnetoelectric materials have gained intensive research interest in the recent years due to their prospective applications. In this perspective, the thermally tunable complex impedance, dielectric behavior and room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling of xCo[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text]Fe2O4–(1 - x)PbZr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O3 (x = 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5) nanocomposites have been investigated. A series of samples have been prepared by chemical pyrophoric reaction process. The structural characterization confirms the coexistence of two different types of phases, there is no phase segregation. The temperature-controlled complex impedance analysis reveals that grain boundaries and grain of the nanocomposites are playing a dominating role. The existence of Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization of the nanocomposites causes a high dielectric constant at low frequency. The calculated AC conductivity values with frequency at different temperatures follow the Jonscher’s power-law. A small polaronic hopping contributes largely to the conduction process of the decorated composite. The magnetostriction properties lead to the AC and DC magnetic field-dependent magnetoelectric coupling of the nanocomposites. The magnetoelectric coupling coefficient depends on the concentration of the piezomagnetic phase of the composites.
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23

Liu, Xian Ming, and Wen Liang Gao. "Synthesis and Characterization of Multiferroic NiFe2O4/BiFeO3 Nanocomposites by Modified Pechini Method." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.456.

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Spinel-perovskite multiferroics of NiFe2O4/BiFeO3 nanoparticles were prepared by modified Pechini method. The structure and morphology of the composites were examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the composites consisted of spinel NiFe2O4 and perovskite BiFeO3 after annealed at 700°C for 2h, and the particle size ranges from 40 to 100nm. VSM and ME results indicated that the nanocomposites exhibited both tuning magnetic properties and a ME effect. The ME effect of the nanocomposites strongly depended on the magnetic bias and magnetic field frequency.
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24

Koner, S., Sumit, R. Shukla, S. K. Majumder, and S. Satapathy. "FEM modelling of magnetoelectric coupling in (2-2)LSMO/ P(VDF-TrFE) polymer composite." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012079.

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Abstract Strain mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect has been investigated in bilayer structure of LSMO/P (VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite in the transverse ME mode. In the transverse mode, Finite Element Method (FEM) based small signal analysis has been performed by the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 software. La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)/P (VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite (2-2) has been prepared by gluing LSMO pellet with P(VDF-TrFE) polymer film. This bilayer structure shows multiferroic property at room temperature. Simulated FEM modelverifies the magneto-strictive property of LSMO layer and explained the experimental results.Experimental and simulated ME coupling coefficient are found to be very close to each other.
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25

Alnassar, Mohammed Y., Yurii Ivanov, and Jurgen Kosel. "Fabrication and Properties of Multiferroic Nanocomposite Films." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2357839.

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26

Augustine, Preethy, Narayana Yerol, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, B. Raneesh, M. T. Rahul, and Sobi K. Chacko. "Room temperature multiferroic properties of BiFeO3–MnFe2O4 nanocomposites." Ceramics International 47, no. 11 (June 2021): 15267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.02.090.

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27

Benatmane, Nadjib, S. P. Crane, F. Zavaliche, R. Ramesh, and T. W. Clinton. "Voltage-dependent ferromagnetic resonance in epitaxial multiferroic nanocomposites." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 8 (February 22, 2010): 082503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3319507.

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28

Maiti, R. P., S. Dutta, S. Basu, M. K. Mitra, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Multiferroic behavior in glass–crystal nanocomposites containing Te2NiMnO6." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 20 (May 2011): 6056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.007.

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29

Behera, C., and R. N. P. Choudhary. "Electrical and multiferroic characteristics of PVDF-MnFe2O4 nanocomposites." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 727 (December 2017): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.196.

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30

Shim, In-Bo, Jeffrey Pyun, Yong-Wook Park, Young-Rang Uhm, and Chul-Sung Kim. "Synthesis of Multiferroic Nanocomposites by a Polyol Method." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 14, no. 3 (June 28, 2007): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2007.14.3.180.

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31

Pandu, Ratnakar. "CrFe 2O4 - BiFeO3 Perovskite Multiferroic Nanocomposites – A Review." Material Science Research India 11, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/110206.

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Though semiconductor technology has advanced significantly in miniaturization and processor speed the “ideal” nonvolatile memory - memory that retains information even when the power goes is still elusive. There is a large demand for non-volatile memories with the popularity of portable electronic devices like cell phones and note books. Semiconductor memories like SRAMs and DRAMs are available but, such memories are volatile. After the advent of ferroelectricity many materials with crystal structures of Perovskite, pyrochlore and tungsten bronze have been derived and studied for the applications in memory devices. Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (FeRAM) are most promising. They are nonvolatile and have the greater radiation hardness and higher speed. These devices use the switchable spontaneous polarization arising suitable positional bi-stability of constituent ions and store the information in the form of charge. This paper is focused on the synthesis and characterizations of BiFeO3 and xCrFe2O4-(1-x) BiFeO3 nanoceramics which are most promising FeRAM materials. The effect of various-dopant-induced changes in structural, dielectric, ac impedance, ferroelectric hysteresis, mechanism of the dielectric peak broadening and frequency dispersion have been addressed. It also deals with low temperature processing technique of those nanoceramics which has high dielectric and ferroelectric properties. These studies can be further extended to reinforce BiFeO3 and CrFeO4 materials with carbon nanotubes to obtain conductive composites using appropriate techniques.
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32

Yao, Xiefei, Jing Ma, Yuanhua Lin, Ce-wen Nan, and Jinxing Zhang. "Magnetoelectric coupling across the interface of multiferroic nanocomposites." Science China Materials 58, no. 2 (February 2015): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-015-0024-7.

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33

Shi, Yang, and Yongkun Wang. "Size-Dependent and Multi-Field Coupling Behavior of Layered Multiferroic Nanocomposites." Materials 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12020260.

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The prediction of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in nano-scaled multiferroic composites is significant for nano-devices. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear multi-field coupling model for ME effect in layered multiferroic nanocomposites based on the surface stress model, strain gradient theory and nonlinear magneto-elastic-thermal coupling constitutive relation. With this novel model, the influence of external fields on strain gradient and flexoelectricity is discussed for the first time. Meanwhile, a comprehensive investigation on the influence of size-dependent parameters and multi-field conditions on ME performance is made. The numerical results show that ME coupling is remarkably size-dependent as the thickness of the composites reduces to nanoscale. Especially, the ME coefficient is enhanced by either surface effect or flexoelectricity. The strain gradient in composites at the nano-scale is significant and influenced by the external stimuli at different levels via the change in materials’ properties. More importantly, due to the nonlinear multi-field coupling behavior of ferromagnetic materials, appropriate compressive stress and temperature may improve the value of ME coefficient and reduce the required magnetic field. This paper provides a theoretical basis to analyze and evaluate multi-field coupling characteristics of nanostructure-based ME devices.
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34

Suastiyanti, Dwita, Bambang Soegijono, and M. Hikam. "Magnetic Behaviors of BaTiO3-BaFe12O19 Nanocomposite Prepared by Sol-Gel Process Based on Differences in Volume Fraction." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.118.

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Barium titanate BaTiO3 (BTO) - barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 (BHF) nanocomposite could be as a raw material of multiferroic. Multiferroic is a class of materials with coupled electric, magnetic and structural order parameters that yield simultaneous effects of ferroelectric, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity in the same material. This material has potential applications in such as spintronic devices and sensors. This work was an earlier research towards formation of multiferroic material. Knowing magnetic properties that will lead to a better understanding of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic material is the objective of this research.The samples were BTO and BHF prepared by sol-gel and then were mixed in bulk system by a conventional techniques in various of volume fraction between BTO : BHF = 1:1 ; 1:2 and 2:1, then samples were sintered at 925°C for 5, 10 and 15 hours. Composite phase study was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). MPS Magnet Physik EP3 Permagraph L was used to characterize magnetic properties. XRD results confirm that composite with volume fraction of BTO : BHF = 1:1 with sintering at 925°C for 5 hours consists only of 2 phases BTO and BHF. There is impurity phase BaFe2O4 beside BTO and BHF phases at samples with volume fraction BTO:BHF = 1:2 and 2:1 for longer sintering. Composite with volume fraction of BTO:BHF = 1:1 for 5 hours sintering has a high value of remanent magnetization 0.081 T and the lowest value of intrinsic coersive 333.6 kA/m leading to good characteristics of multiferroic materials.
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35

Sallagoity, D., C. Elissalde, J. Majimel, M. Maglione, Vlad A. Antohe, F. Abreu Araujo, P. M. Pereira de Sá, S. Basov, and L. Piraux. "Synthesis of dense arrays of multiferroic CoFe2O4–PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 core/shell nanocables." RSC Advances 6, no. 108 (2016): 106716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19548b.

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A major challenge in the development of efficient magnetoelectric nanocomposites is the adequate control of the interfaces, in order to avoid the formation of undesirable interphases and to ensure an optimal strain mediated coupling.
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36

Kalaswad, Matias, Bruce Zhang, Xuejing Wang, Han Wang, Xingyao Gao, and Haiyan Wang. "Integration of highly anisotropic multiferroic BaTiO3–Fe nanocomposite thin films on Si towards device applications." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 9 (2020): 4172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00405g.

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Suastiyantia, Dwita, Bambang Soegijono, and M. Hikam. "Simple Recipe to Synthesize BaTiO3-BaFe12O19 Nanocomposite Bulk System with High Magnetization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.634.

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Barium titanate BaTiO3 (BTO) - barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 (BHF) nanocomposite could be as a raw material of multiferroic. Multiferroic is a class of materials with coupled electric, magnetic and structural order parameters that yield simultaneous effects of ferroelectric, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity in the same material. This material has potential applications in such as spintronic devices and sensors. This work was an earlier research towards formation of multiferroic material. Knowing magnetic properties that will lead to a better understanding of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic material is the objective of this research.The samples were BTO and BHF prepared by sol-gel and then were mixed to synthesize composite in bulk system by a conventional techniques in various of weight fraction between BTO : BHF = 1:1 ; 1:2 and 1:3, then samples were sintered at 925°C for 5, 10 and 15 hours for each fraction respectively. Composite phase study was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). MPS Magnet Physik EP3 Permagraph L was used to characterize magnetic properties. No residual phases were identified in the XRD analysis for all parameters. The peaks can be only indexed to BaTiO3 and BaFe12O19 phases for all parameters respectively confirming the formation of a BaTiO3-BaFe12O19 composite system. Barium titanate retains its tetragonal structure while barium hexaferrite exhibits hexagonal structure. For weight fraction of BaFe12O19 until 2 parts there is an increase of intrinsic coersive and saturation magnetization value. The maximum values of intrinsic coersive for samples with 5, 10 and 15 hours sintering are of 361.3 kA/m, 359.0 kA/m and 391.6 kA/m respectively and the maximum values of saturation are of 0.1515 T, 0.1516 T and 0.1414 T respectively leading to good characteristics of multiferroic materials.
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Niloy, Naimur R., M. I. Chowdhury, M. A. H. Shanto, J. Islam, and M. M. Rhaman. "Multiferroic Bismuth ferrite nanocomposites as a potential photovoltaic material." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1091, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1091/1/012049.

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Stratulat, Sergiu M., Xiaoli Lu, Alessio Morelli, Dietrich Hesse, Wilfried Erfurth, and Marin Alexe. "Nucleation-Induced Self-Assembly of Multiferroic BiFeO3–CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites." Nano Letters 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2013): 3884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl401965z.

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Aimon, Nicolas M., Dong Hun Kim, XueYin Sun, and C. A. Ross. "Multiferroic Behavior of Templated BiFeO3–CoFe2O4 Self-Assembled Nanocomposites." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 4 (January 23, 2015): 2263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am506089c.

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Comes, Ryan, Hongxue Liu, Mikhail Khokhlov, Richard Kasica, Jiwei Lu, and Stuart A. Wolf. "Directed Self-Assembly of Epitaxial CoFe2O4–BiFeO3 Multiferroic Nanocomposites." Nano Letters 12, no. 5 (April 10, 2012): 2367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl3003396.

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Kim, Dong Hun, Shuai Ning, and Caroline A. Ross. "Self-assembled multiferroic perovskite–spinel nanocomposite thin films: epitaxial growth, templating and integration on silicon." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 30 (2019): 9128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc02033k.

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Kim, Tae Cheol, Shuchi Ojha, Guo Tian, Seung Han Lee, Hyun Kyu Jung, Jun Woo Choi, Lior Kornblum, et al. "Self-assembled multiferroic epitaxial BiFeO3–CoFe2O4 nanocomposite thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 20 (2018): 5552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01192c.

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Sputter-grown self-assembled epitaxial spinel–perovskite nanocomposites consisting of CoFe2O4 pillars in a BiFeO3 matrix on Nb-doped SrTiO3 or SrTiO3-buffered Si substrates.
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Liu, Ming, Xin Li, Jing Lou, Shijian Zheng, Kui Du, and Nian X. Sun. "A modified sol-gel process for multiferroic nanocomposite films." Journal of Applied Physics 102, no. 8 (October 15, 2007): 083911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2800804.

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Chakraborty, Sarit, and S. K. Mandal. "Electrical response with temperature and magnetoelectric coupling of multiferroic nanocomposites." Ferroelectrics 570, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2020.1839252.

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Arifiadi, Anindityo Nugra, Kwang-Tak Kim, Inna Yusnila Khairani, Chang Bae Park, Kee Hoon Kim, and Sang-Koog Kim. "Synthesis and multiferroic properties of high-purity CoFe2O4–BiFeO3 nanocomposites." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 867 (June 2021): 159008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159008.

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Ojha, Shuchi, Wallace C. Nunes, Nicolas M. Aimon, and Caroline A. Ross. "Magnetostatic Interactions in Self-Assembled CoxNi1–xFe2O4/BiFeO3 Multiferroic Nanocomposites." ACS Nano 10, no. 8 (July 19, 2016): 7657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02985.

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Mandal, P. R., and T. K. Nath. "Magnetoelectric response and dielectric property of multiferroic Co0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4–PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocomposites." Applied Physics A 112, no. 3 (April 20, 2013): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7691-6.

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Raidongia, Kalyan, Angshuman Nag, A. Sundaresan, and C. N. R. Rao. "Multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of core-shell CoFe2O4@BaTiO3 nanocomposites." Applied Physics Letters 97, no. 6 (August 9, 2010): 062904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3478231.

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Wohlrab, Sebastian, Hongchu Du, Margarita Weiss, and Stefan Kaskel. "Foam-derived multiferroic BiFeO3nanoparticles and integration into transparent polymer nanocomposites." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080801935597.

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