Academic literature on the topic 'Multidisciplinary and ecosystems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multidisciplinary and ecosystems"
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Chai, Xeai Li, H. Rohasliney, and I. S. Kamaruddin. "Evaluating the Tropical Reservoir Health by using the Index of Biotic Integrity as a Management Tool for Resource Conservation Planning." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 3897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-03.
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Biotic Integrity index (IBI) is widely utilized for biomonitoring in aquatic ecosystems, especially in assessing aquatic ecosystem health worldwide. Environmental changes significantly impact the aquatic ecosystem’s health of Subang Reservoir, which consequently affects the aquatic biodiversity. This study was conducted to determine its ecosystem’s health by assessing the IBI of freshwater fish in Subang Reservoir. In this study, thirty-four metrics were firstly selected as candidate metrics, and later, these thirty-four metrics underwent several statistical tests such as range, responsiveness, redundancy, and metrics scoring to screen and select the most appropriate metrics. A final eight metrics were selected after the statistical analysis, and a total score of 24 indicated that the Subang Reservoir’s ecosystem shows some stress due to an imbalanced fish guild. This showed that the ecosystem’s health of Subang Reservoir is in fair condition. This is because of the limitation of fish entering Subang Reservoir. The implementation of biomonitoring can be improved by modifying and selecting the most appropriate techniques, and the usage of biomonitoring can be increased in Malaysia’s freshwater ecosystems. The result reported in this study can be used as a scientific base data for implementing biomonitoring.
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Yang, Chunyu, Na Gong, Huanzhou Hong, and Biying You. "The “Spatial Equilibrium” Evolution of the Tourism Ecosystem and Theoretical Construction from a Multidisciplinary Perspective." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9004097.
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The evolution of the tourism ecosystem is characterized by its complexity, imbalance, and spatial heterogeneity. As a result, it has been the focus of academic attention across a wide range of disciplines, including geography, ecology, economics, management, sociology, and philosophy. Firstly, this article explores the connotations and characteristics of the spatial evolution of tourism ecosystems, subsequently proposing that the spatial evolution of tourism ecosystems is essentially different and “mutually inclusive.” To do so, it searches through the relevant research results on “spatial equilibrium” in ecosystems from the perspectives of different disciplines and analyzes their different core concepts, theoretical systems, and research methods. Second, the coupling force acts as a key character and exerts an influence on “spatial equilibrium” in ecosystems as a dynamic mechanism, internal stability mechanism, and dynamic mechanism. Third, nonlinear, dynamic, evolutionary, systematic thinking, and axiomatic theories are combined to construct an internal stable evolution mechanism and abstract tourism ecosystem model to form an explanatory theoretical system. The results of the research show that the construction of the “spatial equilibrium” of the tourism ecosystem model should pertain to the initial state of the comprehensive environmental carrying capacity of the tourism ecosystem as it evolves to form a tourism ecosystem based on the coupling relationship between the internal and external elements of the “spatial equilibrium” state. Finally, the future research approaches in this field are summarized and assessed. The methodology and theoretical exploration discussed in this article will contribute to a better understanding of how to sustainably develop tourism destinations.
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Schindler, D. E. "Fish extinctions and ecosystem functioning in tropical ecosystems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 14 (March 28, 2007): 5707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700426104.
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Nolan, Connor, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Judy R. M. Allen, Patricia M. Anderson, Julio L. Betancourt, Heather A. Binney, Simon Brewer, et al. "Past and future global transformation of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change." Science 361, no. 6405 (August 30, 2018): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aan5360.
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Impacts of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems are imperfectly constrained by ecosystem models and direct observations. Pervasive ecosystem transformations occurred in response to warming and associated climatic changes during the last glacial-to-interglacial transition, which was comparable in magnitude to warming projected for the next century under high-emission scenarios. We reviewed 594 published paleoecological records to examine compositional and structural changes in terrestrial vegetation since the last glacial period and to project the magnitudes of ecosystem transformations under alternative future emission scenarios. Our results indicate that terrestrial ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature change and suggest that, without major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are at risk of major transformation, with accompanying disruption of ecosystem services and impacts on biodiversity.
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Schramski, John R., Anthony I. Dell, John M. Grady, Richard M. Sibly, and James H. Brown. "Metabolic theory predicts whole-ecosystem properties." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 8 (January 26, 2015): 2617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423502112.
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Understanding the effects of individual organisms on material cycles and energy fluxes within ecosystems is central to predicting the impacts of human-caused changes on climate, land use, and biodiversity. Here we present a theory that integrates metabolic (organism-based bottom-up) and systems (ecosystem-based top-down) approaches to characterize how the metabolism of individuals affects the flows and stores of materials and energy in ecosystems. The theory predicts how the average residence time of carbon molecules, total system throughflow (TST), and amount of recycling vary with the body size and temperature of the organisms and with trophic organization. We evaluate the theory by comparing theoretical predictions with outputs of numerical models designed to simulate diverse ecosystem types and with empirical data for real ecosystems. Although residence times within different ecosystems vary by orders of magnitude—from weeks in warm pelagic oceans with minute phytoplankton producers to centuries in cold forests with large tree producers—as predicted, all ecosystems fall along a single line: residence time increases linearly with slope = 1.0 with the ratio of whole-ecosystem biomass to primary productivity (B/P). TST was affected predominantly by primary productivity and recycling by the transfer of energy from microbial decomposers to animal consumers. The theory provides a robust basis for estimating the flux and storage of energy, carbon, and other materials in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems and for quantifying the roles of different kinds of organisms and environments at scales from local ecosystems to the biosphere.
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Veldhuis, Michiel P., Mark E. Ritchie, Joseph O. Ogutu, Thomas A. Morrison, Colin M. Beale, Anna B. Estes, William Mwakilema, et al. "Cross-boundary human impacts compromise the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem." Science 363, no. 6434 (March 28, 2019): 1424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav0564.
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Protected areas provide major benefits for humans in the form of ecosystem services, but landscape degradation by human activity at their edges may compromise their ecological functioning. Using multiple lines of evidence from 40 years of research in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, we find that such edge degradation has effectively “squeezed” wildlife into the core protected area and has altered the ecosystem’s dynamics even within this 40,000-square-kilometer ecosystem. This spatial cascade reduced resilience in the core and was mediated by the movement of grazers, which reduced grass fuel and fires, weakened the capacity of soils to sequester nutrients and carbon, and decreased the responsiveness of primary production to rainfall. Similar effects in other protected ecosystems worldwide may require rethinking of natural resource management outside protected areas.
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Werner, Christiane, Laura K. Meredith, S. Nemiah Ladd, Johannes Ingrisch, Angelika Kübert, Joost van Haren, Michael Bahn, et al. "Ecosystem fluxes during drought and recovery in an experimental forest." Science 374, no. 6574 (December 17, 2021): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abj6789.
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An experimental forest ecosystem drought Drought is affecting many of the world’ s forested ecosystems, but it has proved challenging to develop an ecosystem-level mechanistic understanding of the ways that drought affects carbon and water fluxes through forest ecosystems. Werner et al . used an experimental approach by imposing an artificial drought on an entire enclosed ecosystem: the Biosphere 2 Tropical Rainforest in Arizona (see the Perspective by Eisenhauer and Weigelt). The authors show that ecosystem-scale plant responses to drought depend on distinct plant functional groups, differing in their water-use strategies and their position in the forest canopy. The balance of these plant functional groups drives changes in carbon and water fluxes, as well as the release of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. —AMS
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Boulton, Chris A., and Timothy M. Lenton. "Slowing down of North Pacific climate variability and its implications for abrupt ecosystem change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (August 31, 2015): 11496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501781112.
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Marine ecosystems are sensitive to stochastic environmental variability, with higher-amplitude, lower-frequency––i.e., “redder”––variability posing a greater threat of triggering large ecosystem changes. Here we show that fluctuations in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index have slowed down markedly over the observational record (1900–present), as indicated by a robust increase in autocorrelation. This “reddening” of the spectrum of climate variability is also found in regionally averaged North Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and can be at least partly explained by observed deepening of the ocean mixed layer. The progressive reddening of North Pacific climate variability has important implications for marine ecosystems. Ecosystem variables that respond linearly to climate forcing will have become prone to much larger variations over the observational record, whereas ecosystem variables that respond nonlinearly to climate forcing will have become prone to more frequent “regime shifts.” Thus, slowing down of North Pacific climate variability can help explain the large magnitude and potentially the quick succession of well-known abrupt changes in North Pacific ecosystems in 1977 and 1989. When looking ahead, despite model limitations in simulating mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific, global warming is robustly expected to decrease MLD. This could potentially reverse the observed trend of slowing down of North Pacific climate variability and its effects on marine ecosystems.
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Gaucherel, C., F. Pommereau, and C. Hély. "Understanding Ecosystem Complexity via Application of a Process-Based State Space rather than a Potential Surface." Complexity 2020 (October 5, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7163920.
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Ecosystems are complex objects, simultaneously combining biotic, abiotic, and human components and processes. Ecologists still struggle to understand ecosystems, and one main method for achieving an understanding consists in computing potential surfaces based on physical dynamical systems. We argue in this conceptual paper that the foundations of this analogy between physical and ecological systems are inappropriate and aim to propose a new method that better reflects the properties of ecosystems, especially complex, historical nonergodic systems, to which physical concepts are not well suited. As an alternative proposition, we have developed rigorous possibilistic, process-based models inspired by the discrete-event systems found in computer science and produced a panel of outputs and tools to analyze the system dynamics under examination. The state space computed by these kinds of discrete ecosystem models provides a relevant concept for a holistic understanding of the dynamics of an ecosystem and its abovementioned properties. Taking as a specific example an ecosystem simplified to its process interaction network, we show here how to proceed and why a state space is more appropriate than a corresponding potential surface.
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Gil, Michael A., Marissa L. Baskett, Stephan B. Munch, and Andrew M. Hein. "Fast behavioral feedbacks make ecosystems sensitive to pace and not just magnitude of anthropogenic environmental change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 41 (September 28, 2020): 25580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003301117.
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Anthropogenic environmental change is altering the behavior of animals in ecosystems around the world. Although behavior typically occurs on much faster timescales than demography, it can nevertheless influence demographic processes. Here, we use detailed data on behavior and empirical estimates of demography from a coral reef ecosystem to develop a coupled behavioral–demographic ecosystem model. Analysis of the model reveals that behavior and demography feed back on one another to determine how the ecosystem responds to anthropogenic forcing. In particular, an empirically observed feedback between the density and foraging behavior of herbivorous fish leads to alternative stable ecosystem states of coral population persistence or collapse (and complete algal dominance). This feedback makes the ecosystem more prone to coral collapse under fishing pressure but also more prone to recovery as fishing is reduced. Moreover, because of the behavioral feedback, the response of the ecosystem to changes in fishing pressure depends not only on the magnitude of changes in fishing but also on the pace at which changes are imposed. For example, quickly increasing fishing to a given level can collapse an ecosystem that would persist under more gradual change. Our results reveal conditions under which the pace and not just the magnitude of external forcing can dictate the response of ecosystems to environmental change. More generally, our multiscale behavioral–demographic framework demonstrates how high-resolution behavioral data can be incorporated into ecological models to better understand how ecosystems will respond to perturbations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multidisciplinary and ecosystems"
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Hallström, Ellinor. "Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Water Resource Management of the tropical mountain ecosystem páramo : A case study in the northern parts of Ecuador." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148534.
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Latin America has pioneered the concept of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) as a strategy to improve the management of ecosystem services. Ecuador is not an exception, where many PES schemes have been implemented to protect the tropical mountain ecosystem “páramo” and the water resources these areas are generating for downstream societies. A successful PES scheme needs to achieve both targeted bio-physical objectives and at the same time benefit local conditions while not risking to sacrifice the local demand for ecosystem services. This balance is explored here in a case study focusing on the Río Grande watershed in the highlands in the northern parts of Ecuador by exemplifying community participation in the public PES scheme Socio Bosque (PSB) starting in 2009. The water resource distribution (precipitation, discharge, actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration) in the watershed was evaluated over the last decades. The local perception of the PSB and its impacts on local and regional water resources were also studied and characterized. The results showed that the annual discharge in the Río Grande watershed has decreased significantly from 1967-2014 and that the annual discharge was significantly lower between 1997-2015 compared to 1979-1997. Since precipitation did not decrease significantly during this period, the changes of the annual discharge are more likely depended on factors controlling the seasonal distribution of discharge and evapotranspiration in the watershed. For example, large scale land use changes coupled with a significantly warmer climate in the region could be a possible driver. Of course, this would not exclude other important factors such as changes in water demand and the supply of freshwater from the Río Grande watershed to downstream societies. The results of this case study showed that it is likely too early to see any impacts in the water balance components as a direct response to the implemented PSB scheme. Clearly, this motivates a need for continued evaluation of the local perception and the water resources to ensure that the need and demand for ecosystem services in a long-term perspective are maintained.Latinoamérica ha sido pionera en el concepto de Pago por Servicios Ecosistémicos (PSE o PES en lassiglas en inglés) como estrategia para mejorar la gestión de servicios ecosistémicos. En Ecuador, se han implementado muchos PSE para proteger el ecosistema montañoso tropical de El Páramo así como los recursos acuíferos que dichas áreas generan para las sociedades que habitan cuenca abajo. Un esquema de PSE exitoso requiere alcanzar los objetivos biofísicos y respetar las necesidades locales de servicios ambientales. Este equilibrio se ha analizado tomando como objeto de estudio la cuenca hidrográfica del Río Grande en las tierras altas del norte de Ecuador y la participación comunitaria en el programa de PSE denominado Socio Bosque (PSB) iniciado en 2009. Se estudiaron la distribución del agua (precipitación, descarga del agua, evapotranspiración actual y evapotranspiración potencial) en la cuenca hidrográfica durante las últimas décadas. También se estudiaron los impactos locales y regionales del PSB en los recursos hídricos y los percepción local con respecto a la implementación de PSB. Los resultados muestran que la descarga anual de la cuenca hidrográfica ha decrecido significativamente durante el período comprendido entre 1967 y 2014, particularmente, señalan un decrecimiento considerablemente mayor entre 1997 y 2015 con respecto al período 1979-1997. La precipitación no se redujo durante el período estudiado y, en consecuencia, los cambios en la descarga anual dependen presumiblemente de factores que controlan la distribución estacional de la descarga y la evapotranspiración en la cuenca. Como ejemplo, los intensos cambios en el uso del suelo junto a un clima regional marcadamente más cálido pueden ser dos condicionantes del fenómeno. Esto no excluye otros factores como los cambios en la demanda y abastecimiento de agua potable en la cuenca del Río Grande en las comunidades que se encuentran distribuidas a lo largo del río. Los resultados muestran que es aún temprano para observar impactos en los componentes del balance hídrico como resultado directo de la implementación de un esquema de PSB. Esto motiva la necesidad de una evaluación continua de la percepción local y un monitoreo los recursos hídricos para garantizar que las necesidades y demandas de servicios ecosistémicos en la región se mantengan a largo plazo.
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Lemasson, Anaëlle J. "Ocean acidification and warming impacts on native and non-native shellfish : a multidisciplinary assessment." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11656.
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Ocean acidification and warming have been shown to affect a wide range of marine organisms and impact assemblages and ecosystems. Many of the species experiencing negative biological effects provide valuable ecosystem services, yet it is unclear how these biological effects will affect ecosystem services provision. This thesis aimed to appraise the consequences of ocean acidification and warming on important shellfish species, from physiology to provision of ecosystem services, using a multidisciplinary approach. The responses to ocean acidification and warming of two ecologically and commercially important species of oysters – the native European Flat oyster Ostrea edulis, and the non-native Pacific oyster Magallana gigas – were assessed in laboratory mesocosms following long-term exposures to a range of scenarios predicted for 2050 and 2100. Oysters provide numerous ecosystem services, including improvement of water quality, reef formation, and food provision, but are at risks from ocean acidification and other stressors due to negative impacts occurring at multiple life-stages and threatening reef maintenance and functioning (Chapter 1). The physiology of adult oysters appeared susceptible to ocean acidification and warming, with evident sub-lethal effects (Chapter 2). Magallana gigas experienced a greater degree of stress than O. edulis, displaying increased Standard Metabolic Rate, reduced Clearance Rate, and poorer Condition Indices. Reductions in Clearance Rates of M. gigas are especially concerning and may have important ecological impacts by limiting their ability to improve water quality in the future. The physiological changes experienced by individual oysters held important implications for the functioning of the reefs through changes in predation resistance. Again, M. gigas appeared to undergo more pronounced changes than O. edulis, displaying increased muscle strength but weakened shell strength. These changes are expected to alter its susceptibility to predators and influence community level interactions. Both O. edulis and M. gigas also underwent important changes to their biochemical composition with trends for impoverished nutritional quality, which holds direct implications on the provision of sea food. In particular, M. gigas contained lower lipid, carbohydrate, and protein levels, but higher contaminant concentration (copper); this change holds concerns for both future food security and future food safety. It was apparent that the physiological stress experienced (Chapter 2), led to significant energy reallocation from somatic growth to metabolism by depleting energetic reserves (Chapter 4), at the detriment of its nutritional quality. No negative effects on the eating quality of M. gigas (appearance, aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptability) were recorded following a short-term exposure to ocean acidification and warming (Chapter 5), which was considered positive for the aquaculture sector. In order to secure future food provision and economic revenue, the UK aquaculture industry might need to reconsider its management strategy in the future, and encourage the production and consumption of O. edulis, in addition to the already popular M. gigas. It is clear that the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on oysters are multifaceted and occurring at multiple scales and levels of organisation. The risks to oysters and oyster reefs appear species-specific; in the UK, introduced M. gigas may be more vulnerable than native O. edulis. To secure benefits and minimise costs related to the management of introduced species, these findings could be integrated into the current management and conservation measures in place for these species and the reefs they can form.
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Lefort, Stelly. "A multidisciplinary study of hypoxia in the deep water of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence: is this ecosystem on borrowed time?" Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107797.
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The dissolved oxygen concentration has progressively decreased in the bottom water of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) during the last century and reached the severe hypoxic threshold ([O2] < 62.5 µmol L-1) in the 1980s where it has hovered ever since. This thesis investigates the causes and impacts of the large-scale persistent hypoxia in the bottom water of the LSLE, using multidisciplinary tools. The causes were identified, by examining the processes governing the oxygen distribution in the water column, using a two-dimensional advection-diffusion model representing the transport of oxygen in the bottom water along the Laurentian Channel (Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada). The impacts of persistent hypoxia were highlighted on modifications of sediment chemistry, more specifically by the diagenetic response of three redox-sensitive elements, Mn, Fe, and As, as well as on the fluxes of nutrients and metabolites across the sediment-water interface. Results of numerical simulations revealed that the oxygen distribution in the water column is governed by the combination of physical and biogeochemical processes, but its vertical distribution is mostly controlled by the deep-water circulation. In other words, the vertical distribution is much more sensitive to variations in physical than biogeochemical processes, and oxygen conditions at the continental shelf edge, where Laurentian Channel bottom waters originate, are mostly responsible for the establishment of hypoxia in the Lower Estuary. Whereas the concentrations and vertical distributions of sedimentary Mn phases seem to adjust rapidly to the progressive depletion of oxygen in the overlying waters and remained at steady-state since the 1980s, the development and persistence of hypoxia strongly modified the chemistry of Fe and As in LSLE sediments. The lower overlying-water oxygenation increased the proportion of organic matter that is oxidized by anaerobic pathways in the sediments, which contributed to increase the proportion of dissolved and solid reactive phases of Fe and As. The greater availability of reactive Fe and As phases restricted the formation of pyrite, which, in turn, limited the sequestration of As with pyrite, increasing the availability of this potentially toxic trace element to benthic organisms. Despite the accumulation of Fe and As in sedimentary reactive phases over the past 25 years, it has not significantly modified their fluxes across the sediment-water interface, and their sequestration within the sediment is maintained.La concentration d'oxygène dissous dans l'eau de fond de l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent (EMSL) a progressivement diminué au cours du siècle dernier, pour atteindre, dans les années 1980, le seuil de l'hypoxie sévère ([O2] < 62.5 µmol L-1) autour duquel elle a fluctué depuis. Cette thèse examine, à l'aide d'outils multidisciplinaires, les causes et les impacts de l'hypoxie persistante à grande échelle dans l'EMSL. Les causes sont identifiées à l'aide d'un modèle d'advection-diffusion à deux dimensions représentant le transport d'oxygène dissous dans l'eau de fond le long du Chenal Laurentien (Golfe du Saint-Laurent, Canada). Les impacts de l'hypoxie persistante sont illustrés par les modifications de la chimie du sédiment, notamment par la réponse diagénétique de trois éléments redox-sensibles, le Mn, le Fe et l'As, ainsi que sur les flux de nutriments et métabolites à l'interface eau-sédiment. Les résultats des simulations numériques révèlent que la distribution de l'oxygène dissous dans la colonne d'eau est gouvernée par une combinaison de processus physiques et biogéochimiques, mais sa distribution verticale dépend principalement de la circulation de la masse d'eau de fond. En d'autres termes, la distribution verticale de l'oxygène dissous dans le chenal est beaucoup plus sensible aux variations physiques que biogéochimiques et le niveau d'oxygénation à la limite du plateau continental, d'où la masse d'eau de fond provient, est principalement responsable de l'établissement de l'hypoxie dans l'EMSL. Tandis que les concentrations et distributions verticales des phases sédimentaires du Mn semblent s'être rapidement ajustées à la diminution progressive d'oxygène dans les eaux surnageantes et être restées à l'état stationnaire depuis les années 80, le développement et la persistance de l'hypoxie ont fortement modifié la chimie du Fe et de l'As dans les sédiments de l'EMSL. La diminution de l'oxygénation des eaux surnageantes aurait augmenté la proportion de matière organique métabolisée sous des conditions anaérobiques, contribuant à augmenter la proportion des phases réactives solides et dissoutes du Fe et de l'As. La plus grande disponibilité des phases réactives du Fe et de l'As a restreint la formation de pyrite authigène, qui, par conséquent, a limité la séquestration de l'As avec celle-ci, augmentant la disponibilité de cet élément potentiellement toxique aux organismes benthiques. Malgré l'accumulation du Fe et de l'As dans les phases sédimentaires réactives au cours des dernières 25 années, leur flux à l'interface eau-sédiment n'a pas été modifié significativement, maintenant ainsi l'efficacité de leur puits sédimentaire, pour le moment.
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Fuentes, Jorge Luis Chagoya. "Multidisciplinary approach to support the design of a local policy of payment for hydrological ecosystem services, in a microwatershed located in northern Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multidisciplinary-approach-to-support-the-design-of-a-local-policy-of-payment-for-hydrological-ecosystem-services-in-a-microwatershed-located-in-northern-veracruz-mexico(e370edaf-004a-4626-8310-9622efe4d49f).html.
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It is common to assume that a deforestation processes affects the availability of fresh water in domestic pipelines. It is also frequent to read in ecosystem protection policies that one strategy to resolve water supply problems is to protect the natural forests in the headwaters. In Latin America, schemes of Payment of Hydrological Ecosystem Services (PHES) are proposed like to be an answer to confront water supply problems (i. e. FONAGEcuador, PSA-Costa Rica and PSAH-Mexico, among others). Unfortunately, these policies are supported in cause-effect assumptions without scientific evidence, and enclose the risk of generating false expectations among water users and politicians. With the target to understand the complexity involved in the design of PHES policies, this thesis developed a methodology to generate basic information that will be used in the construction of local PHES policy. The methodological proposal was tested in a micro-watershed located in northern Veracruz, Mexico, and consisted in nine steps: 1) to review the Federal and State laws that could regulate the implementation of a local scheme of PHES; 2) to identify communities with water supply problems; 3) to locate springs and to delimitate their recharge area (RA); 4) to measure spring base flows; 5) to identify main land uses in the RA and to determine their soil hydrologic behaviour; 6) to calculate the Opportunity Cost (OC) of the natural forests located in the RA; 7) to identify highland landlords points of view regarding a payment scheme to protect natural forest, to identify water user points of view regarding payment of land OC; and 9) to establish the feasibility to implement a local scheme of PHES with base in all the information generated. Results indicated that biophysical (i. e. geology, hydrology, land use, soil type and weather), socioeconomic (i. e. land use culture, water use culture and population growth), and other factors (i. e. hydraulic infrastructure and land tenure rights) need to be taken into account to design local PHES policies. For example; biophysical information helps avoid false expectations about land use change effect in the hydrological cycle. Socioeconomic data indicated that communities' organization is an activity that needs to be developed prior to the implementation of a PHES policy. Other information revealed that hydraulic infrastructure needs to be modernized with the objective of storing and distributing the fresh water released by the aquifer. In conclusion, the information generated with the multidisciplinary methodology proposed in this research indicated that a PHES policy is one part of the strategy to confront the water supply problem in the rural communities under study.
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Candeias, Carla Maria Lopes. "Modelling the impac of Panasqueira mine in the ecosystems and human health : a multidisciplinary approach." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24591.
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The Panasqueira Sn-W mine, located in Central Portugal, is an active mine.
The beneficiation processes at Panasqueira mine have given rise, during a long production period, to a large amount of sulfi de-rich wastes, contained in several tailings and mud impoundments. Small villages around the mine site are present, and the community living in these villages subsists, not only from the mining activity, but also from agriculture and cattle breading which justifies the assessment of soil contamination around the Rio and Barroca Grande tailings and mud impoundments.
This study, developed on the context of Medical Geology, has as main goal to assess human health problems emerging from the contamination of soils, waters, stream sediments, dusts and plants on the surroundings of the Panasqueira mine. The focus will be placed in the establishment of relationships between geochemical environment and the population health through the use of dispersion models and GIS based techniques in order to disclose a link between spatial distribution of the harmful elements and patterns of the corresponding diseases that might occur or will be potentially induce by the local conditions.
Detailed geochemical studies were performed, either in the contamination source (tailings) and the surrounding environment, in order to access a better understanding of the dynamics inherent to leaching, transport, and accumulation of some potential toxic elements in soil and their environmental relevance. The metal assemblage identified in soils (Ag-As-Bi-Cd-Cu-W-Zn; PTE’s) reflects the influence of the tailings and open impoundments materials, due to several agents including the wind dispersion and the subsequent deposition in soils.
PTE’s and pH presents positive correlation confirming that heavy metal mobility holds a positive correlation with pH therefore affecting their availability.
The assessment of the extent of human exposure to metals in studied populations was performed in order to identify the geological agents that might affect their health. In order to evaluate the effect of the external contamination on selected indexes of internal dose, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb e Zn were determined in blood, urine, hair and nail samples from individuals environmentally exposed.
Results obtained agreed with those reported by environmental studies performed in this area, pointing to populations living nearby the mine exposed to metal(loid)s originated from mining activities. Arsenic was the element with the highest increase in exposed populations. The concentration of other elements such as Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn was also increased, although at a lesser extent, specifically in females. These findings confirm the need for competent authorities to act as soon as possible in this area and implement strategies aimed to protect exposed populations and the entire ecosystem
All the data was integrated with the objective to establish a methodology of risk assessment. The combination of environmental and human biomonitoring studies may synergistically increase the knowledge of toxic elements, which is essential to assess the potential risks to human healthA mina da Panasqueira (Sn-W) encontra-se em actividade desde o final do século XIX. O tratamento e recuperação do minério explorado deu origem a grandes quantidades de materiais rejeitados ricos em sulfuretos, depositados em escombreiras e barragens de lamas. A existência de povoações localizadas na área envolvente da mina, dependentes do trabalho mineiro, da agricultura e da criação de gado, justificaram a avaliação da extensão da contaminação existente na envolvente às escombreiras do Rio e da Barroca Grande. Este estudo, desenvolvido no contexto da Geologia Médica, tem como principal objectivo avaliar os problemas da saúde humana resultantes da contaminação de solos, águas, sedimentos de corrente, poeiras e plantas na área que rodeia a mina da Panasqueira. A análise pretende estabelecer relações entre o ambiente geoquímico e a saúde das populações através do uso de modelos de dispersão e técnicas baseadas em GIS, de forma a identificar correspondências entre a distribuição espacial dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos (PTE’s) e doenças que possam ocorrer ou que possam ser induzidas pelas condições locais. Foram efectuados estudos geoquímicos detalhados, tanto na fonte de contaminação (escombreiras) como no ambiente circundante de forma a compreender o comportamento de alguns elementos potencialmente tóxicos e a sua relevância ambiental. O grupo de elementos identificado nos solos (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, W, Zn; PTE’s) reflecte a influência das escombreiras e barragens de lamas potenciados por vários agentes, onde se inclui a dispersão eólica das partículas, com a sua consequente deposição nos solos. Os PTE’s e o pH mostram uma correlação positiva confirmando a influência do pH na mobilidade e disponibilidade dos metais e metalóides. A avaliação da exposição a metais e metalóides por parte das populações que vivem e/ou trabalham na área de estudo, pretende identificar os agentes ambientais que possam ter efeitos secundários adversos na saúde humana. De forma a estimar as consequências da contaminação nos habitantes foram determinados os teores de As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb e Zn no sangue, urina, cabelo e unhas em indivíduos expostos ambientalmente. Os resultados obtidos são concordantes com os estudos ambientais, sendo que o Arsénio é o elemento com maior relevância. As concentrações de Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb e Zn são também significativas, embora que com menor relevância, principalmente nas mulheres. Estes resultados confirmam a necessidade de intervenção por parte das entidades competentes, com a implementação de estratégias que possam proteger as populações e o ecossistema. Toda a informação obtida foi integrada com o objectivo de estabelecer uma metodologia de avaliação de risco. A combinação dos dados ambientais e humanos poderá aumentar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento dos elementos tóxicos, o que é essencial para quantificar o potencial risco na saúde humana.
Programa Doutoral em Geociências
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Psaroulis, Georgia. "Leadership in Organisational Cyber Security." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/136018.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, most organisations are powerless to protect their information assets against the constant threat of hostile intruders, and leaders are uncomfortable with the potential threat and disruption to the deep-seated norms, patterns, and systems in their organisational setting. Yet little research exists on Leadership in Cyber security and existing cyber research is splintered across literature specific to individual disciplines that are only component domains of the broader cyber security multidiscipline. This study identifies and addresses “the role of strategic leadership in the complex issue of organisational cyber security”. This thesis argues that cyber security is a complex multidisciplinary leadership issue that must be – but usually is not – addressed systemically. This premise was formulated during employment in the cyber domain and my and colleagues’ experiences provided empirical drivers to investigate this phenomenon. Experience and anecdotal evidence indicated absence of corporate governance in organisational cyber security and ill-defined cyber-OAR (Ownership, Accountability and Responsibility). Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) lack requisite status, and despite multiple stakeholders and government publications, most executives remain cyber-unaware and have no relationship with the CISO – if they have a CISO at all. Yet these vital issues remain unaddressed in academic publications. ii In late 2017, almost no literature existed on the topic and the focus issues were largely unrecognised and ignored. In ensuing years, some recognition and changes have emerged. Promising regulations have been introduced, previously unrecognised aspects researched and published, and visionary cyber leadership has emerged – which might suppose the research topic to be obsolete and unnecessary. But in 2022, the situation is unresolved and despite visionaries, and increased government spending and awareness-building efforts, organisational cyber security is still not understood or practised by most executives. As an academic discipline and organisational practice, cyber security is still in its infancy. An emerging stream of research reveals multiple issues, including fragmentation across multiple academic and practitioner disciplines. Focus has typically remained on technical issues and challenges as computer science and information technology disciplines contribute the majority of published cyber security research, and only scattered articles address non-technology aspects of cyber security. Despite burgeoning interest in the ‘human aspects of cyber security’, when first scoped – with one exception – no research addressed cyber corporate leadership and/or cyber governance ecosystems. This accumulation of worrisome issues is increasingly critical for organisational survival and wellbeing and is substantive evidence of the need for research to address organisational cyber security and leadership. Planned as a thesis-by-publication, this research was purposefully designed as a three-phase study spanning five–six years. An exploratory study, the approach had to be qualitative and emergent. As an infant multidisciplinary domain, the first phase needed to be a scoping review to explore and compare literature across the principal sub-domains. Research commenced with exploring cyber security as a strategic, corporate governance issue that is complex, multidisciplinary, and currently fragmented. Analysis of the scoping review findings confirmed the original premise sufficiently to require a targeted literature review and permitted early conceptual models to be developed, graphically depicting the issues and their interrelationships, and to shape potential solutions and an aspirational future state of organisational cyber security and leadership. The Phase 2 targeted review led to the design of an empirical investigation. Guided by review findings, participants were selected, and questions designed. Interviews were conducted with 31 participants from 24 organisations from the Finance sector, following guidelines approved in HREC (H-2019-127). Analysis was primarily conducted using a series of coding passes; constant comparison, pattern and theme, and reduction of the multiple produced theme-codes to a few tightly focussed supra-codes. Graphic analysis was used throughout, creating a series of models to illustrate and synthesise findings, and develop conceptual frameworks. This coding method of analysis was also used for the literature reviews. Stakeholder theory was the primary filter for all analysis, selected due to the original premise that organisational cyber security is multidisciplinary but siloed and fragmented in academia and praxis. In Phase 3, the principal focus was deeper exploration through theoretical lenses and to develop new theory. Stakeholder theory remained the foundation, but all findings were revisited using a theoretical filter of Triple-loop learning. Papers for each of the three phases have been submitted to a leading journal. The body of this thesis is comprised of these papers in entirety, preceded and followed by a whole-of-work introduction and conclusion. The three papers are co-authored but all the initial foundations, including premises, questions, research objectives, interviews, analysis, and models are my original work. Therefore, from Chapter 4 onwards, I refer to the researcher/ author in the plural, acknowledging the contribution of my supervisor/co-author, Dr Cate Jerram. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations are documented in the three abstracts, but briefly recapitulated here. Phase 1 concluded that traditional silos must be bridged or discarded, and a new common lexicon developed. Cyber security lexicons and approaches must align with corporate strategy. Organisational executives must acknowledge and take ownership, accountability, and responsibility for their organisation's cyber security, and immediately address the role, status, and budget of the CISO. Phase 2, building from Phase 1, revealed that key mechanisms of corporate governance must promote a shared stewardship approach. The CEO and the CISO must work together and resolve cyber-OAR issues, and the corporate governance system and mechanisms need to simultaneously change and align with the CEO-CISO-OAR relationship. Any aspirational future state cyber security must be embedded in a cyber corporate governance ecosystem. Phase 3 concluded our study with theoretical development and found Triple-loop learning approaches can reinvent and transform organisational cyber security. Clear and coherent cyber security must be directed by strategic leadership and the business and cyber ecosystems must be integrated and intrinsically link. As evidenced by the dearth of quality literature discussing the issues addressed here, few resources are available in this domain and all work in this thesis is original, except where referenced. This study makes three major contributions to theory and practice. Firstly, organisational safety and wellbeing requires corporate cyber governance that is led by the Executive. Secondly, it is imperative that the CISO be a strategic trusted advisor in cyber corporate governance, security, and resilience. Thirdly, any progress in advancing organisational cyber security is dependent on eliminating disciplinary fragmentation based in academic and professional silos, instead building cooperation and co-opetition, collaboration, and eventually a coherent, systemic multidiscipline. Finally, models are provided to illustrate these three major contributions and subsidiary contributions, culminating in the proffered concept of an aspirational future state of what we refer to as – ‘cyber corporate governance ecosystem’. This research has produced contributions of value to research and praxis, and frequently to both. The contributions have significant implications that should affect current practice in organisational cyber security and leadership and pave the way for important new fields of research. Significant secondary contributions to practice include the recommendation that silos be discarded to enable a strong and holistic multidiscipline of cyber security. The first implication is that disciplines, professional bodies, and cyber educators (and all extended enterprise) need to strengthen collaboration and establish synergies. Government and quasi-governmental regulators play a vital lead role in cyber security but need to improve dissemination for wider uptake. Organisations, however, need both to become more aware and adoptive of regulations and government provisions, but must improve their ability to adapt any such adoptions to ensure appropriate cultural alignment. Principally, however, Executives must lead and coordinate, determine priorities, and break down barriers to meet organisational need, starting with recognition of the strategic value of cyber security and trusting the CISO as a vital strategic advisor. This research was conducted part-time over six–years in a rapidly changing digital environment that preceded and included the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath (and ongoing ‘new normal’), which has inevitably affected the results. This is, though timely, a date-specific limitation. The span of time also saw changes eventuating in the cyber security domain that is the focus of the study. Nevertheless, though the constantly changing cyber landscape has been an impediment to conducting the research, effects on results, conclusions and recommendations have been minimised as much as possible. Primary research limitations are those inherent to qualitative approaches. Empirical investigation through semi-structured interviews provided depth but prohibited large numbers for generalisability. Transferability to other sectors is a possibility, but the original field of enquiry was restricted to the Finance sector. Although an investigation into leadership in organisational cyber security, few participants were themselves CEOs or organisational Board members. Further research is needed across different industry-sectors, qualitative research directly engaging with Executive and Board members is needed, and sufficient explorative studies are required to eventually enable broader, generalisable studies.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2022
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Van, Rooyen Matthys Johannes. "Experiences of child psychiatric nurses : an ecosystemic study." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3783.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation reports on the lived experiences of four child psychiatric nurses. The
territory of child psychiatric nursing is explored in this investigation through the
punctuation of many voices within this field of study. The methodology of the
investigation is descriptive phenomenology and Colaizzis’ steps in descriptive
phenomenology (map) are used to discover and describe the different template theories
(the territory) that are unique to each of the four child psychiatric nurses who were
interviewed. Following this, a story is punctuated, which is referred to as the structural
synthesis. It is the heartbeat of the investigation. The dissertation concludes by reflecting
on the paradox of how the invisibility of the child psychiatric nurses allowed for the
visibility of the dissertation and encourages the reader to ask pivotal questions about the
important role of the child psychiatric nurse, working as part of a multidisciplinary team,
in order to improve patient care.Psychology
M.A. (Clinical psychology)
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Du, Plessis Annelies. "Disputed custody and the people involved : an ecosystemic perspective." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16686.
Full textAbstract:
Custody disputes have traditionally been considered a legal matter. More recent trends have
seen the recognition of divorce and custody as both legal and psychological events. This
necessitated the involvement of professionals of the helping services in custody
recommendations. Such a multidisciplinary approach is currently taken by the Office of the
Family Advocate, Pretoria, in disputed custody matters.
It is suggested that the way in which the problem of custody is currently defined, is on a
pragmatic level, and does not include a higher-order awareness as implied by an ecosystemic
epistemology. Such an awareness denotes self-reflexivity, and calls for a more aesthetic
emphasis. The dialectic between aesthetics and pragmatics is maintained by means of a
descriptive look at the various systems involved in a disputed custody case. Adopting an
ecosystemic epistemology is recommended, through the metaphor of mediation, as a further
evolution of an already changing process.Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Alaya, Asma. "L’apport du co-design en architecture d’intérieur : la participation des acteurs multidisciplinaires entre efficacité et complexité." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19260.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire présente une étude sur le processus du co-design dans le contexte d’un projet d’architecture d’intérieur mené avec des acteurs multidisciplinaires. Nous nous sommes intéressés principalement sur la méthode de participation des acteurs lors du déroulement du processus.
Le but de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre les rôles des différents intervenants en co-conception selon leurs disciplines et en contexte des différents outils représentationnels utilisés. Le projet du réaménagement de la bibliothèque HEC Montréal a été utilisé pour cette étude où trois groupes de participants multidisciplinaires, composés d'architectes, professeurs, bibliothécaires, professionnels, gestionnaires, étudiants et designers, on été mobilisés. Nous avons effectué l’observation de ces trois groupes lors de l’idéation, où les conversations, les comportements et les activités des participants ont été observés et analysés.
Les résultats suggèrent une différence importante entre les rôles des participants multidisciplinaires en fonction de l’utilisation des outils représentationnels traditionnels et numériques. Nous avons trouvé que la multidisciplinarité est principalement plus importante dans les premières phases des conversations de design, et que les phases les plus avancées davantage font plus appel aux connaissances des disciplines en question.
À travers les différents rôles des participants, les résultats proposent aussi l’apparition de deux types de hiérarchie communicationnelle et créative.
À partir de ces résultats, cette étude apporte de nouvelles pistes de recherche qui pourront bonifier davantage l'approche du co-design en architecture d’intérieur et en design en général.This paper presents a study on the co-design process in the context of an interior design project with multidisciplinary stakeholders. We focused mainly on the method of participation of stakeholders in the process flow. The purpose of this research is to better understand the roles of different stakeholders in co-design according to their disciplines and in context of different representational tools. The project of the redevelopment of the library HEC Montreal was used for this study where three multidisciplinary groups of participants were mobilized composed of architects, teachers, librarians, professionals, managers, students and designers. We conducted the observation of these three groups during the ideation, where conversations, behaviours and activities of the participants were observed and analyzed. The results suggest a significant difference between the muldisciplinary participants roles based on the use of representational tools, the involvement of the multidisciplinary nature mainly in the earlier phases of collaborative ideation; two types of hierarchies (communicational and creative) emerged from the different roles of the participants. From these results, this study may provide new avenues of research that could further enhance the approach of co-design.
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Von, Krosigk Beate Christine. "Facilitating forgiveness: an NLP approach to forgiving." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1480.
Full textAbstract:
Facilitating forgiveness: an NLP approach to forgiving is an attempt at uncovering features of the blocks that prevent people to forgive. These blocks to forgiveness can be detected in the real life situations of the six individuals who told me their stories. The inner thoughts, feelings and the subsequent behaviour that prevented them from forgiving others is clearly uncovered in their stories. The facilitation process highlights the features that created the blocks in the past thus preventing forgiveness to occur. The blocks with their accompanying features reveal what needs to be clarified or changed in order to eventually enable the hurt individuals to forgive those who have hurt them. The application of discourse analysis to the stories of hurt highlights the links between the real life stories of the individuals within their contexts with regard to unforgiveness to the research findings of the existing body of knowledge, thereby creating a complexly interwoven comprehensive understanding of the individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in conjunction with their developmental phases within their socio-cultural contexts.
Neuro-linguistic-programming (NLP) is the instrument with which forgiving is facilitated in the six individuals who expressed their conscious desire to forgive, because they were unable to do so on their own. Their emotions had the habit of keeping them in a place in which they were forced to relive the hurtful event as if it were happening in the present. Arresting the process of reliving negative emotions requires a new way of being in this world. The assumption that this can be learnt is based on the results from a previous study, in which forgiveness was uncovered by means of the grounded theory approach as a cognitive process (Von Krosigk, 2000). The results from the previous research in conjunction with the results and insights from this research study are presented in the form of a grounded theory model of forgiveness.Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
Books on the topic "Multidisciplinary and ecosystems"
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Gurr, Jens Martin, Rolf Parr, and Dennis Hardt, eds. Metropolitan Research. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839463109.
Full textAbstract:
Metropolitan research requires multidisciplinary perspectives in order to do justice to the complexities of metropolitan regions. This volume provides a scholarly and accessible overview of key methods and approaches in metropolitan research from a uniquely broad range of disciplines including architectural history, art history, heritage conservation, literary and cultural studies, spatial planning and planning theory, geoinformatics, urban sociology, economic geography, operations research, technology studies, transport planning, aquatic ecosystems research and urban epidemiology. It is this scope of disciplinary - and increasingly also interdisciplinary - approaches that allows metropolitan research to address recent societal challenges of urban life, such as mobility, health, diversity or sustainability.
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LePage, Ben A. Wetlands: Integrating multidisciplinary concepts. edited by Ben A. LePage. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011.
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With, Kimberly A. Essentials of Landscape Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838388.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Essentials of Landscape Ecology is a new, comprehensive text that presents the principles, theory, methods, and applications of landscape ecology in an engaging and accessible format, supplemented by numerous examples and case studies from a variety of systems, including freshwater and marine “scapes.” Human activity has transformed landscapes worldwide on a scale that rivals or exceeds even the largest of natural forces, giving rise to a new geological age, the Anthropocene. As humans alter the structure and function of landscapes, the biological diversity and ecological relationships within those landscapes are also inevitably altered, to the extent that this may interfere with humanity’s efforts to sustain the productivity and multifunctional use of these landscapes. Landscape ecology has thus emerged as a new, multidisciplinary science to investigate the effects of human land use and environmental heterogeneity on ecological processes across a wide range of scales and systems: from the effects of habitat or resource distributions on the individual movements, gene flow, and population dynamics of plants and animals; to the human alteration of landscapes affecting the structure of biological communities and the functioning of entire ecosystems; to the sustainable management of natural resources and the ecosystem goods and services upon which society depends.
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LePage, Ben A. Wetlands: Integrating Multidisciplinary Concepts. Springer, 2011.
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LePage, Ben A. Wetlands: Integrating Multidisciplinary Concepts. Springer London, Limited, 2011.
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Mercury cycling in a wetland-dominated ecosystem: A multidisciplinary study. Pensacola, Fla: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2005.
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O'Driscoll, Nelson J. Mercury Cycling in a Wetland-Dominated Ecosystem: A Multidisciplinary Study. SETAC, 2005.
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Iyer, Sailesh. Futuristic Trends for Sustainable Ecosystem: Proceedings of the Multidisciplinary International Conference on Futuristic Trends for Sustainable Ecosystem , August 26-28th 2021, Ahmedabad, India. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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McFarland, Ben. A World From Dust. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190275013.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
A World From Dust describes how a set of chemical rules combined with the principles of evolution in order to create an environment in which life as we know it could unfold. Beginning with simple mathematics, these predictable rules led to the advent of the planet itself, as well as cells, organs and organelles, ecosystems, and increasingly complex life forms. McFarland provides an accessible discussion of a geological history as well, describing how the inorganic matter on Earth underwent chemical reactions with air and water, allowing for life to emerge from the world's first rocks. He traces the history of life all the way to modern neuroscience, and shows how the bioelectric signals that make up the human brain were formed. Most popular science books on the topic present either the physics of how the universe formed, or the biology of how complex life came about; this book's approach would be novel in that it condenses in an engaging way the chemistry that links the two fields. This book is an accessible and multidisciplinary look at how life on our planet came to be, and how it continues to develop and change even today. This book includes 40 illustrations by Gala Bent, print artist and studio faculty member at Cornish College of the Arts, and Mary Anderson, medical illustrator.
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Willig, Michael R., and Lawrence R. Walker, eds. Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199380213.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program is, in a sense, an experiment to transform the nature of science, and represents one of the most effective mechanisms for catalyzing comprehensive site-based research that is collaborative, multidisciplinary, and long-term in nature. The scientific contributions of the Program are prodigious, but the broader impacts of participation have not been examined in a formal way. This book captures the consequences of participation in the Program on the perspectives, attitudes, and practices of environmental scientists. The edited volume comprises three sections. The first section includes two chapters that provide an overview of the history, goals, mission, and inner workings of the LTER network of sites. The second section comprises three dozen retrospective essays by scientists, data managers or educators who represent a broad spectrum of LTER sites from deserts to tropical forests and from arctic to marine ecosystems. Each essay addresses the same series of probing questions to uncover the extent to which participation has affected the ways that scientists conduct research, educate students, or provide outreach to the public. The final section encompasses 5 chapters, whose authors are biophysical scientists, historians, behavioral scientists, or social scientists. This section analyzes, integrates, or synthesizes the content of the previous chapters from multiple perspectives and uncovers emergent themes and future directions.
Book chapters on the topic "Multidisciplinary and ecosystems"
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Ahokangas, Petri, Håkan Boter, and Marika Iivari. "Ecosystems Perspective on Entrepreneurship." In The Palgrave Handbook of Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Entrepreneurship, 387–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91611-8_18.
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Innocenti, Veronica, and Guglielmo Pescatore. "9. Narrative Ecosystems A Multidisciplinary Approach to Media Worlds." In World Building. Transmedia, Fans, Industries, edited by Marta Boni, 164–84. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048525317-010.
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Brummermann, Hendrik, Markus Keunecke, and Klaus Schmid. "Managing the Evolution and Customization of Database Schemas in Information System Ecosystems." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 417–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38709-8_27.
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Northcott, Michael S. "Ecological Hope." In Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Hope, 215–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46489-9_12.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Horkeimer and Adorno, and later Lynn White Jr, blame the anti-animist strain in Western Christianity, its origination of the scientific and industrial revolutions, and the European Enlightenment, as the cultural roots of the ecological crisis. But evidence shows there is no necessary connection between animism and care for other kind. I propose that a more fruitful approach is to reconsider the post-Reformation and scientific eschewal of agency in nonhuman beings and ecosystems such as forests, rivers, and the oceans. Rediscovering the “agency of the others” is also essential as a means to resolve the ecological crisis, since humans alone cannot restore or “save” the Earth from the systemic effects of 200 years of industrial pollution and destruction of resilient biodiverse habitats. Christian eschatological hope has valuable resources for this approach including evidence that in the lives of the saints new friendships were formed between humans and other animals. Analogously, recent developments in ecological restoration and “rewilding” indicate a new peaceable partnership between humans and other kind and, in the light of Christian messianism, and the “theory of hope,” may be said to anticipate a wider ecological reconciliation between humans and other kind.
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Chen, Junpai, and Xiaozhen Liu. "Urban landscape sustainability and biodiversity: Multidisciplinary collaborative design practice for future urban ecosystems in southern China." In Advances in Urban Engineering and Management Science Volume 2, 336–45. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003345329-43.
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Mariojouls, Catherine, David Montagne, Sophie Boulanger-Joimel, Philippe Sahuc, and Bernard Fournier. "Educating for an Integrated Management of Coastal Zone: An Example of a Course Initiating to an Applied Multidisciplinary Approach." In Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes, 501–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43484-7_33.
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Thapa, Rajesh Bahadur, Poonam Tripathi, Mir A. Matin, Birendra Bajracharya, and Betzy E. Hernandez Sandoval. "Strengthening the Capacity on Geospatial Information Technology and Earth Observation Applications." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 269–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_14.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe innovative transformation in geospatial information technology (GIT) and Earth observation (EO) data provides a significant opportunity to study the Earth’s environment and enables an advanced understanding of natural and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems at the local, regional, and global levels (Thapa et al. in Carbon Balance Manag 10(23):1–13, 2015; Flores et al. in SAR handbook: comprehensive methodologies for forest monitoring and biomass estimation. NASA Publication, 2019; Leibrand et al. in Front Environ Sci 7:123, 2019; Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_1). The major advantages of these technologies can be briefly categorized into five broad areas: multidisciplinary; innovative and emerging; providing platforms for analysis, modelling, and visualization; capability to support decision-making; and impact on policies.
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Díaz-Varela, Emilio, Guillermina Fernández-Villar, and Alvaro Diego-Fuentes. "Transformative Change in Peri-Urban SEPLS and Green Infrastructure Strategies: An Analysis from the Local to the Regional Scales in Galicia (NW Spain)." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 133–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTransformative change involves the integration of different social dimensions and the involvement of a multiplicity of actors resulting in high levels of complexity. Considering all this, our work addresses the development of green infrastructure (GI) to improve the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services from two different approaches and scales: regional and local.From the regional level, a GI strategy was promoted by the regional government of Galicia (NW Spain) through institutional efforts following a multidisciplinary approach including public participation processes. On the other hand, a local, participative perspective is exemplified in the Neighbourhood Association of the Parish of Chapela (Redondela, Galicia), a peri-urban, coastal area where intensive forestry and urban expansion threatens the availability of accessible multifunctional ecosystems for the local communities.Both approaches are indicative of seeds for a transformative change yet to happen. Nevertheless, they differ in their visions, values and goals: the regional level is statutory-oriented and focused on the accomplishment of administrative objectives; the local level is based on the communities’ wellbeing aims and calls-for-action. Differences are also detected in the risks and barriers to transformative processes, from the inertia of administrative procedures to the limitations of local action to face environmental and developmental problems. Exploration of these contrasting perspectives leads to the identification of needs for institutional change, the emergence of new governance systems, and the development of new perspectives for strategic planning and management.
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Khan, Muhammad Mumtaz, Muhammad Tahir Akram, Muhammad Azam Khan, Rashid Al-Yahyai, Rashad Waseem Khan Qadri, and Rhonda Janke. "Urban Soils and Their Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach." In Soils in Urban Ecosystem, 137–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8914-7_7.
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Seo, S. Niggol. "Micro-behavioral Decisions and Ecosystem Changes: A Multidisciplinary Integrated Framework." In Advances in Global Change Research, 67–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15946-1_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Multidisciplinary and ecosystems"
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Simonova, Galina. "ISOTOPE MONITORING OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s14.114.
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"ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS." In GEOLINKS 2019 Multidisciplinary International Scientific Conference. SAIMA CONSULT LTD, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2019/b3/v1/07.
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ALLI, HAKAN. "PARASITIC�MACROFUNGI�IN�FOREST�ECOSYSTEMS�." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s15.v4003.
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Torok, Liliana. "OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DOBROGEAN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS PLATEAU." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b31/s12.061.
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Pislaru, Marius. "NEURO-FUZZY SUPPORT TOOL FOR ECOSYSTEMS MONITORING." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/43/s19.056.
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Fedorova, Irina. "NONADDITIVE PARAMETERS OF ARCTIC AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019v/1.4/s02.033.
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Averian, Alexandru. "A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ADAPTABILITY IN DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/2.1/s07.002.
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Alekseev, Roman, Vladimir Bruz, Sergei Vititnev, and Nataliya Kozyakova. "Specially protected natural areas forest ecosystems monitoring." In 21st SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2021. STEF92 Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021v/3.2/s14.32.
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Marinina, Fedor. "CLIMATIC FACTOR IN LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s14.099.
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Khardziani, Tamar. "MOUNTAINOUS MUNICIPALITIES OF CENTRAL CAUCASUS, ECOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITIES." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.1/s20.072.
Full textReports on the topic "Multidisciplinary and ecosystems"
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
Full textAbstract:
Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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Whitfield, Paula, Burton Suedel, Kelly Egan, Jeffrey Corbino, Jenny Davis, David Carson, Amanda Tritinger, et al. Engineering With Nature® principles in action : islands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44940.
Full textAbstract:
The Engineering With Nature® (EWN) Program supports nature-based solutions that reduce coastal-storm and flood risks while providing environmental and socioeconomic benefits. Combining the beneficial use of dredged sediments with the restoration or creation of islands increases habitat and recreation, keeps sediment in the system, and reduces coastal-storm and flood impacts. Given the potential advantages of islands, EWN seeks to support science-based investigations of island performance, impacts, and benefits through collaborative multidisciplinary efforts. Using a series of case studies led by US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) districts and others, this technical report highlights the role of islands in providing coastal resilience benefits in terms of reducing waves and erosion as well as other environmental and socioeconomic benefits to the communities and the ecosystems they reside in.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
Full textAbstract:
Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.