Academic literature on the topic 'Multidimensional indicators'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multidimensional indicators"
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Sel�n, Jan. "Multidimensional descriptions of social indicators." Social Indicators Research 17, no. 4 (November 1985): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00290324.
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Zhao, Rongying, and Xu Wang. "Research on impact evaluation of academic journals from multidimensional perspective." Library Hi Tech 38, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 458–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-03-2019-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce altmetric indicators and combine with traditional citation indicators to comprehensively evaluate the impact of academic journals from the perspective of multidimensional and multi-indicator fusion. Design/methodology/approach The authors take international multidisciplinary journals as an example, combining 14 traditional citation indicators of academic journals and introducing 14 altmetric indicators to build a comprehensive evaluation model of the impact of academic journals (academic impact and societal impact). At the same time, the authors systematically construct a journal evaluation indicator system from three dimensions. Then, the indicators data of three dimensions are evaluated by normalized processing, correlation analysis, reliability and validity analysis, PCA and factor analysis. Findings Two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses can exactly provide some useful information for academic journals’ location in the respective coordinate systems. There are strong positive correlations among the measured indicators in the three dimensions, and each indicator has a significant consistency between whole and internal. The correlation coefficient between FD1 and FD2 is 0.888 with a strong positive correlation. It shows that the traditional citation indicators provided by WoS and Scopus database are highly consistent, and they are comparable and alternative in evaluating the academic impact of journals. The correlation coefficients of FD1, FD2 with FD3 are 0.831 and 0.798. There are strong positive correlations among them, which indicate that the evaluation of journals’ societal impact based on altmetrics indicator can be considered as a potential supplement to academic impact evaluation based on citation and to reflect the multidimensional nature of journals impact in an immediate way. Originality/value Multidimensional and multi-indicator perspective evaluation can provide references for the selection of impact evaluation indicators and model optimization of academic journals, and also provide new ideas for improving the status of the impact evaluation of academic journals.
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Ameur, H. Ben, G. Chavent, F. Clément, and P. Weis. "Image segmentation with multidimensional refinement indicators." Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 19, no. 5 (July 2011): 577–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415977.2011.579609.
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Valdés, Javier. "Arbitrariness in Multidimensional Energy Security Indicators." Ecological Economics 145 (March 2018): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.09.002.
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Ambel, Alemayehu Azeze, Harriet Kasidi Mugera, and Robert E. S. Bain. "Accounting for drinking water quality in measuring multidimensional poverty in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e0243921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243921.
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The Multidimensional Poverty Index is used increasingly to measure poverty in developing countries. The index is constructed using selected indicators that cover health, education, and living standards dimensions. The accuracy of this tool, however, depends on how each indicator is measured. This study explores the effect of accounting for water quality in multidimensional poverty measurement. Access to drinking water is traditionally measured by water source types. The study uses a more comprehensive measure, access to safely managed drinking water services, which are free from E. coli contamination, available when needed and accessible on premises in line with Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1. The study finds that the new measure increases national multidimensional headcount poverty by 5–13 percentage points, which would mean that 5–13 million more people are multidimensionally poor. It also increases the poverty level in urban areas to a greater extent than in rural areas. The finding is robust to changes in water contamination risk levels and Multidimensional Poverty Index aggregation approaches and weighting structures.
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Akimkina, E. E. "Structuring and visualization of indicators in multidimensional data cubes." Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-2018-4-79-87.
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The problems of structuring of indicators in multidimensional data cubes with their subsequent processing with the help of end-user tools providing multidimensional visualization and data management are analyzed; the possibilities of multidimensional data processing technologies for managing and supporting decision making at a design and technological enterprise are shown; practical recommendations on the use of domestic computer environments for the structuring and visualization of multidimensional data cubes are given.
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Cerdeiro, Diego, and Rachel Nam. "A Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators." IMF Working Papers 18, no. 32 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484342350.001.
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Nur, Widi Astuti, Firmansyah Firmansyah, and Widodo Wahyu. "A Multidimensional Approach of Child Poverty in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 10015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187310015.
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This research discuss about child poverty, which is commonly called deprivation. The purpose of this research is to count multidimensional child poverty index as child poverty measuring istrument in 34 provinces of Indonesia, by using composite idex count calculation. Dimensions and indicators used to compose Multidimensional Child Poverty Index in this research are adapting from dimensions and indicators that used in research by Mahadewi and Kodoatie1. Besides that, the determination of dimensions and indicator also adjust the availability of data from SUSENAS 2015.The calculation result of Multidimensional Child Poverty shows that 7 provinces pertain to number I priority (high), 9 provinces belong to number II priority (medium-high), 10 provinces include to number III priorities (medium-low), and 8 provinces are number IV priority (low).
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Leplat, L., R. S. Torres, D. Aspen, and A. Amundsen. "VIZPLAN: A VISUAL ANALYTICS PLATFORM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL INDICATORS OVER TIME." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W3-2022 (October 14, 2022): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w3-2022-127-2022.
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Abstract. In this paper, we introduce VizPlan, a new platform to support the assessment of multidimensional indicators over time. VizPlan includes a visualisation scheme based on a radial visual structure that allows the direct comparison of indicator values over time, a search tool to support the identification of entities whose indicators are similar to each other, and a clustering tool to group entities according to their indicator scores. VizPlan was designed and implemented to be flexible; it can be easily tailored to the visualization and analysis of any multidimensional temporal data. In this paper, the use of VizPlan is illustrated in the context of three case studies concerning the analysis of sustainability indicators to support urban planning: key performance indicators related to the sustainable development goals, walkability analysis, and bus service availability assessment. All case studies refer to real data related to Norwegian cities, especially Ålesund. VizPlan is available as an open source software at https://github.com/Rylern/VizPlan – As of May 2022.
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Shinkarenko, Volodymyr, Maksym Matskul, and Dean Linok. "Investment attractiveness modeling using multidimensional statistical analysis methods." SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196504007.
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The article examines the investment attractiveness of the main branches of the food industry of Ukraine as a latent variable. For the first time in this area, a combination of various methods of multivariate statistical analysis is used for research (cluster analysis and factor analysis – the principal component method). These methods made it possible to use a large number of various indicators of the activities of industries to characterize investment attractiveness. As a result, the set of the branches was divided into three groupsclusters: “leaders” are the most attractive sectors for investment, “middle peasants” are attractive branches for investment, and “outsiders” are the least attractive branches for investment. The generalizing factors (principal components), which influence the resulting factor - investment attractiveness, were found. The interrelation of the generalizing factors and initial indicators is established. As a result of the research, it was possible to make an objective assessment of the investment attractiveness (as a latent indicator) of the main branches of the food industry in Ukraine, using instead of a multitude of indicators only three latent factors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multidimensional indicators"
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Moretti, Angelo. "Multivariate small area estimation for multidimensional well-being indicators." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multivariate-small-area-estimation-for-multidimensional-wellbeing-indicators(218d60a3-c126-454a-ba67-213be829ee87).html.
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Using multivariate statistical models in small area estimation (SAE) may improve the efficiency of the small area estimates over the univariate SAE. In this thesis, we study the multivariate SAE problem of multidimensional well-being indicators. We first investigate the univariate EBLUP for a single latent variable estimated through confirmatory factor analysis. We use factor scores as composite estimates and calculate the EBLUP of factor score means and compare the use of these with the traditional approach of weighted and simple averages of standardized univariate EBLUPs of a dashboard of single observed indicators. Our simulation studies show that the use of factor scores provides more accurate and efficient estimates than weighted and simple averages in SAE. We also propose a bootstrap algorithm that accounts for the factor analysis model variability in the mean squared error (MSE) estimation of an EBLUP of factor score means. Next, we examine the use of multivariate EBLUP to estimate factor score means (for two latent factors) and compare to the use of weighted and simple averages of standardized EBLUPs of a dashboard of single observed indicators that are estimated in a univariate approach and in a multivariate SAE. We show that in general the multivariate EBLUP is more efficient than the univariate EBLUP, however, when the data correlation is taken into account before SAE estimates are computed (the case of factor scores) multivariate EBLUP does not provide large improvements in efficiency over the univariate case. Finally, we propose an MSE bootstrap estimator of a multivariate EBLUP. The results are in line with the SAE literature in terms of MSE comparisons of the multivariate EBLUP over the univariate EBLUP.
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Scarchilli, Giovanna. "Three Essays on the Measurement of Socioeconomic Inequalities and Well-Being." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1144662.
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The complex transmission mechanism of socioeconomic inequalities takes place in several spheres of life. This Doctoral Thesis, composed of three essays, focuses on the characterisation of some components of inequalities and their spread through social groups. In the three contributions, innovative techniques have been exposed and empirically assessed to extend the literature on the measurement of well-being and the study of social inequalities.
The first essay represents a study on teenagers' leisure time activities distribution and how it relates with income and subjective well-being realisations. Taken from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP), the information on leisure time activities has been processed with a network-based technique to build a multidimensional index proxying well-being.
The second essay presents an evolutionary analysis of cumulative deprivation for the Italian working-age population between 2007 and 2018.
A rank-based multidimensional approach is applied for the identification of the cumulatively deprived people. Therefore, an assessment of the statistical multidimensional dependence lying across the identified deprivations is provided following a copula-based technique.
The third essay contains a focus on the transmission of health inequality through the socioeconomic background of people.
A machine-learning technique is used to derive the population partitioning into social groups and to define the different opportunity backgrounds.
Furthermore, the study provides insights regarding the varying effect of individual health-related behaviours on the health status. The 2011 sample of UK Household Longitudinal Study data is used for the empirical application.
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Stoffel, Jaime Antonio. "Construção e avaliação de indicadores de sustentabilidade para a agricultura familiar: uma análise multidimensional." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2169.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-18The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the sustainability of family farming, through proposition and evaluation of indicators and indexes regarding economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions. The study was carried out in the county of Francisco Beltrão, in the southwest region of Paraná state, specifically in the watershed of Jacaré River. The rural area of the watershed has 33 headquarters of agricultural ownership, being all of them characterized as family farming. When it comes to socioeconomic context, Southwest region of Paraná represents considerably the agricultural sector, and more specifically, family farming, which is present in all counties, accounting for around 90% of the sector. Methodologically eight indicators of sustainability for each dimension were selected, reaching a total of thirty-two indicators within the four analyzed dimensions. The information to calculate the indicators of sustainability was collected among the family farmers in the studied watershed, and also among the involved agents. This research aimed to know how human actions have affected their surroundings, regarding the risks of their stay, surviving in the medium and long run, as well as by making the best political decisions, through institutional environment. Initially, the Sustainability Indicators (SI) were calculated for each of the proposed dimensions and in each of the different ways of analyzed productive organizations (agricultural, dairy and integrated). Through the indicators, the other indexes that complement the study came out. Among them there are: Individual Sustainability Index (ISI); Specific Sustainability Index (SSI); Specific General Sustainability Index (SGSI); and Total Sustainability Index (TSI). It was noticed that the model developed and applied in the study proved to be able to answer the questions and the problems raised by the present research, through multidimensional analysis. Besides showing the reality of the agricultural properties which are part of the environment of the studied area intra-dimensionally, it also showed the relations of this reality inter-dimensionally. This way, it is possible to face sustainability individually, but especially, in the context of agricultural properties as a whole.
O objetivo central desta tese é analisar a sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar por meio da proposição e avaliação de indicadores e índices envolvendo as dimensões econômica, social, ambiental e institucional. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Francisco Beltrão, Região Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná, especificamente na microbacia do Rio Jacaré. A área rural na microbacia contêm 33 sedes de propriedades agrícolas, todas caracterizadas como agricultura familiar. A Região Sudoeste do Paraná tem em seu contexto socioeconômico uma representatividade considerável do setor agropecuário e mais especificamente da agricultura familiar, que está presente em todos os municípios, representando em média 90% do setor. Metodologicamente, optou-se em selecionar oito indicadores de sustentabilidade para cada dimensão, totalizando trinta e dois indicadores nas quatro dimensões analisadas. As informações para efetuar o cálculo dos indicadores de sustentabilidade foram coletadas junto aos agricultores familiares na microbacia em estudo, bem como junto aos agentes envolvidos. Buscou-se conhecer como a ação humana está afetando seu entorno em termos dos riscos de sua permanência, sobrevivência em médio, longo prazos, como também na tomada de melhores decisões políticas, por meio do ambiente institucional. Inicialmente calculou-se os Indicadores de Sustentabilidade (IS) para cada uma das dimensões propostas e em cada uma das diferentes formas de organização produtivas analisadas (agrícola, leiteira e integrada). A partir dos indicadores originaram-se os demais índices que complementam o estudo. Entre estes estão: Índice de Sustentabilidade Individual (ISI); Índice de Sustentabilidade Específico (ISE); Índice de Sustentabilidade Geral Específico (ISGE); e o Índice de Sustentabilidade Total (ISTO). Constatou-se que o modelo desenvolvido e aplicado no estudo, respondeu às questões e problemas levantados na presente pesquisa, por meio da análise multidimensional. Ao mesmo tempo, apontou a realidade das propriedades agrícolas que formam o universo da área estudada de forma intra-dimensional; mostrou também as relações dessa realidade de forma inter-dimensional. Isso permite que se possa olhar a questão da sustentabilidade de forma individual, mas sobretudo, no contexto das propriedades agrícolas como um todo.
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Maciel, Joice Pinho. "Indicadores para qual sustentabilidade?: elementos teórico-metodológicos para a análise da eficiência multidimensional de empreendimentos econômicos solidários de reciclagem do Vale dos Sinos – RS." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5262.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A dissertação discute a eficiência de empreendimentos econômicos solidários de reciclagem, do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico e sob uma visão sistêmica, considerando as dimensões sociais, econômicas, políticas, ambientais e humanas. Para tanto, foram utilizados indicadores multidimensionais baseados no mapeamento nacional da economia solidária (Gaiger e Grupo Ecosol, 2014), pesquisa sobre o Programa de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas (Ferrarini, 2008), reflexões teórico-metodológicas sobre a sustentabilidade no campo da economia solidária (Kraychete e Carvalho, 2012), e método denominado Índice de Eficiência Multidimensional de Cooperativas de Reciclagem (IEMCR), elaborado mediante a aglutinação de indicadores simples, referidos a uma mesma ou diferentes dimensões. A pesquisa consiste em um estudo quali-quantitativo, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, cujos dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas individuais, grupos focais e observações participantes. Os empreendimentos selecionados foram: a Cooperativa de Trabalho e Renda (UNIVALE), Cooperativa de Limpeza Urbana Campo Bom (COOLABORE) e Cooperativa de Recicladores de Dois Irmãos (DOIS IRMÃOS), localizadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados apontam que os empreendimentos de reciclagem pesquisados são eficientes do ponto de vista multidimensional e sistêmico e que, mesmo com problemas pontuais da baixa escolaridade e baixo revezamento das lideranças, as cooperativas praticam a autogestão, a cooperação e a solidariedade entre seus membros; que esses empreendimentos priorizam a inclusão social e a emancipação econômica dos seus/suas cooperados (as), representam importantes espaços de luta política, gerando um impacto social e ambiental positivo à sociedade e contribuindo para outras formas de desenvolvimento.
This dissertation discusses the efficiency of solidary economic enterprises of recycling, from the theoretical and methodological points of view, as well as from a systemic view, considering social, economic, political, environmental and human dimensions. Therefore, were used multidimensional indicators based on the national mapping of solidarity economy (Gaiger and Ecosol Group, 2014), the indicators of degraded areas recovery program (PIRAD) with Ferrarini (2008), theoretical and methodological reflections indicators on sustainability in the field of solidarity economy, (Kraychete and Carvalho, 2012), and the method called Multidimensional Efficiency of Recycling Cooperatives Index (MERCI) prepared by the agglutination simple indicators referred to the same dimension or different ones. The research consists of a qualitative and quantitative study, of exploratory and descriptive nature, whose data were produced by individual interviews, focus groups and participant observation. The selected projects were: Cooperativa de Trabalho e Renda (UNIVALE), Cooperativa de Limpeza Urbana Campo Bom (COOLABORE) and Cooperativa de Recicladores de Dois Irmãos (DOIS IRMÃOS), Rio Grande do Sul. Results show that the researched recycling developments are efficient by a multidimensional and systemic perspective and that even with specific problems of low education and rotation of leaders, cooperatives practice self-management, cooperation and solidarity among its members. These projects prioritize social inclusion and economic emancipation of cooperative participants, represent important areas of political struggle, generating a positive social and environmental impact to society and contribute to other forms of development.
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Schwach, Christiane Garrido. "O desafio dos hospitais privados no acesso ao investimento estrangeiro: uma análise da relação entre governança corporativa e o desempenho econômico-financeiro." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1578.
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With the opening of the Brazilian market of hospitals for foreign direct investment, authorized from January 2015, some challenges of the private hospitals and the healthcare market is to understand what the investors seek in hospitals to make financial contributions. Some issues as macroeconomic outlook of the market; growth potential of the health sector; knowledge of the risks; existence of attractive hospitals available and Corporate Governance (CG), are essential for the analysis of investors. The need to professionalize the management of hospitals and train more qualified professionals is because, of mergers and acquisitions in health operations, be preceded by a thorough study of economic and financial viability and the assessment of the hospital that will receive the contribution. In this way, openness to foreign capital, brings new concepts to the health sector, particularly as the need for adjustments in current management models, mainly as good CG practices. In this sense, the objective of this study is to analyze the CG practices grip level in hospitals of the National Association of the Private Hospitals (ANAHP), and its indicators of economic and financial performance, which make them attractive to foreign investment. In addition, it elaborated the following research question: What is the relationship between the principles of corporate governance and financial indicators of the hospitals associated with ANAHP within the multidimensional perspective. The methodology is a study of exploratory nature, using a nearly-experimental research strategy, classified as ex post facto. Given a quantitative assessment the research has a multivariate approach, using descriptive analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and application of cluster model. It was found that the group with the highest percentage of member hospitals CG (75%) showed better indicators. This result showed a positive relationship between the economic and financial performance indicators and CG practices and illustrated that the greater transparency of information, the better the economic and financial analysis of hospitals who wish to seek foreign investment.
Com a abertura do mercado brasileiro de hospitais ao investimento estrangeiro direto, autorizada a partir de janeiro de 2015, um dos desafios dos hospitais privados e do mercado de saúde é entender o que os investidores buscarão nas instituições hospitalares para realizar os aportes financeiros. Algumas questões como, perspectivas macroeconômicas do mercado; potencial de crescimento do setor de saúde; conhecimento dos riscos; existência de hospitais atrativos disponíveis e Governança Corporativa (GC), são essenciais para a análise dos investidores. A necessidade de profissionalizar a gestão dos hospitais e formar profissionais mais qualificados, se deve ao fato das operações de fusões e aquisições na saúde, serem precedidas de profundo estudo de viabilidade econômico-financeira e avaliação do hospital que receberá o aporte. Desta maneira, a abertura ao capital estrangeiro traz novos conceitos ao setor da saúde, sobretudo quanto a necessidade de adequações nos atuais modelos de gestão, principalmente quanto as boas práticas de GC. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o nível de aderência as práticas de GC nos hospitais da Associação Nacional dos Hospitais Privados (ANAHP) e seus indicadores de desempenho econômico-financeiros, que os tornam atraentes ao investimento estrangeiro. Ademais, elaborou-se a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Qual é a relação entre os princípios de Governança Corporativa e os indicadores econômico-financeiros dos hospitais associados a ANAHP, dentro da ótica multidimensional. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratório, por meio de uma estratégia de pesquisa quase-experimental, classificada como ex post facto. Perante uma avaliação quantitativa a pesquisa adotou uma abordagem multivariada, por meio da análise descritiva, da técnica de escalonamento multidimensional (EMD) e da aplicação do modelo de agrupamentos. Verificou-se que, o agrupamento com maior percentual de hospitais aderentes as práticas de GC (75%), apresentou os melhores indicadores. Este resultado evidenciou uma relação positiva entre os indicadores de desempenho econômico-financeiros e as práticas de GC e ilustrou que, quanto maior a transparência das informações, melhor a análise econômico-financeira das instituições hospitalares que desejam buscar o investimento estrangeiro.
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Moita, Galba Freire. "Avaliação integrativa de performance multidimensional e decisão multicritério: um proxy de painel de indicadores de eficiência, efetividade e qualidade para governação de organizações hospitalares e serviços de saúde no Brasil." Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88714.
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A criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em 1988, no Brasil, representou avanços do ponto
de vista de garantias de atendimento, da organização sistêmica e da descentralização da gestão
única, porém com frágil governação de desempenho. Por sua vez, a Nova Gestão Pública
(NGP), ou Gerencialismo, tem exigido dos gestores públicos de saúde esforços de
monitoramento de resultados, controladoria e responsabilização (accountability) dos gastos
públicos, visto que muitos países da Europa e América Latina aplicam cerca de 9 a 10% do
PIB-GDP em saúde. Este estudo analisou algumas metodologias de mensuração de resultados
em saúde no cenário mundial como os projetos QIP e AHRQ (EUA), EFQM (Europa) e PATH
(OMS), e projetos brasileiros como o PROADESS, PNASH, PNASS, PMAQ e as matrizes de
indicadores como IDB-Ripsa e IDSUS, em busca de desenvolver um quadro teórico-conceptual
(base teórico-metodológica) de avaliação de performance para organizações de saúde, aplicável
às unidades do SUS. De seguida, envolveu gestores e profissionais para a captação e validação
da perceção desses agentes chaves (stakeholders) quanto as dimensões e indicadores chaves
para a mensuração de desempenho em organizações e serviços de saúde no contexto do SUSBrasil de hospitais, policlínicas e outras unidades do SUS. Utilizou metodologias científicas de
apoio à decisão, como Design Research e o método misto (qualitativo e quantitativo) de
avaliação para responder à questão: há diferentes proxies de painel de indicadores de avaliação
multidimensional para previsão e monitoramento de performance e resultados em serviços de
saúde, conforme os multicritérios dos decisores chaves da rede de serviços na saúde pública do
Brasil? Através de estatística descritiva, correlação quantílica e análise factorial, foram
analisadas as ponderações de itens de avaliação de performance, na perspetiva dos gestores e
decisores e também de itens de análise de qualidade/ satisfação de usuários. Algumas hipóteses
sobre variáveis latentes e observadas desses ítens de avaliação foram propostas e testadas por
análise estatística, quanto às três possíveis variáveis moderadoras. Por fim, operacionalizou a
validação multicêntrica, tendo construído modelos finais através de análise de cargas factoriais,
validade e confiabilidade dos itens, de proxies de painéis de indicadores com 453 decisores
chaves e uma adaptação transcultural da escala SERVQUAL que resultou em uma escala
inovadora de avaliação da qualidade e satisfação, com subescalas de intervenção, tendo sido
validada por 195 especialistas e gestores e, aplicada a 2.547 usuários de 74 unidades do SUS.The creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in 1988, in the Brazil, represented advances from the standpoint of service guarantees, systemic organization and decentralization of unified management but with weak governance performance. In turn, the New Public Management (NPM), or Managerialism, has required public health managers monitoring efforts results, controllership and accountability of the spending of public funds, as a lot of countries of Europe and Latin America apply about 9-10 % of health – PIB-GDP. This study analyzed some health outcomes measurement methodologies on the world stage as QIP and AHRQ projects (USA), EFQM (Europe) and PATH (WHO), and Brazilian projects as PROADESS, PNASH, PNASS, PMAQ and panel of indicators such as IDB-Ripsa and IDSUS, seeking develop a conceptual framework (theoretical and methodological basis) performance assessment for health organizations applicable to the SUS units. Then engaged managers and professionals (stakeholders) for the capture and validation of the perception of stakeholders as the dimensions and key indicators for performance measurement in organizations and health services in the context of SUS-Brazil hospitals, polyclinics and other SUS units. It used even scientific methods of decision support, as Design Research and mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) assessment to answer the question: there are different proxies’ multidimensional evaluation indicators dashboard for forecasting and monitoring performance and outcomes in hospitals and health services, according to the multiple criteria of the key stakeholders of the care network of the public health in Brazil? Descriptive statistics, quantum correlation and factorial analysis were used to analyze the weighting of performance evaluation items from the perspective of managers and decision makers, as well as user quality/satisfaction analysis items. Some hypotheses about latent and observed variables of these evaluation items were proposed and tested by statistical analysis, regarding the three possible moderating variables. Finally, it operates the multicentric validation, having built final models through analysis of factor loads, validity and reliability of items, of proxies of indicators panels with 453 key decision makers and a cross-cultural adaptation of the SERVQUAL scale that resulted in an innovative scale of evaluation of quality and satisfaction, with intervention subscales, having been validated by 195 specialists and managers, and applied to 2,547 users of 74 SUS units.
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Lacerda, Fernanda Calasans Costa. "A pobreza na Bahia sob o prisma multidimensional: uma análise baseada na abordagem das necessidades básicas e na abordagem das capacitações." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2009. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13502.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da BahiaThis dissertation examines poverty in the state of Bahia under the multidimensional approach to the study of poverty, emphasizing the need to enlarge the focus of research beyond the lack of income and to consider the multidimensionality of poverty in developing policies that aim to combat it. Initially, discuss, the evolutionary path of the study of poverty, emphasizing the dominance of unidimensional monetary approach in the work on poverty in Brazil and Bahia. Subsequently, performs an empirical analysis of poverty in Bahia in 1995, 2001 and 2006, based on two approaches to study of multidimensional poverty: the basic needs approach and the capabilities approach. From the concepts employed by these approaches, defines poverty as the dissatisfaction of basic human needs which deprives the individual to develop and expand its capabilities. The methodology used in the empirical analysis is to apply the multivariate method of the Multiple Correspondence Analysis in the calculation of a multidimensional indicator of poverty (IMP) per unit of population studied. This indicator is composed of a set of qualitative variables, called the primary indicators of deprivation. The results of applying this method also allow for a multidimensional poverty line, used as a criterion for identification of poverty. Based on this poverty line and the indicator, was possible to calculate the traditional indices of poverty FGT (0), FGT (1) and FGT (2) and then measure the poverty in Bahia. The results show that the proportion of poor people was high, especially among the rural population, but this proportion decreased between 1995 and 2006, except in the metropolitan area. Among the individuals considered poor, poverty was more intense and more severe in rural areas. The decomposition of poverty by race and color or by type of family indicated that individuals in black or brown, and the families of the "mother with children under 14 years", had higher risk of poverty. The breakdown by sex showed no significant differences between men and women regarding the extent and risk of poverty. Regarding census areas, the less populous municipalities were those that had a higher percentage of poor. When compared with the income poverty, the multidimensional poverty is had higher (years 2001 and 2006) and stable. While this first there was a significant fall in the period 1995/2006, the decline occurred in the second was much less significant. Thus, by focusing the analysis only on the inadequacy of income, it is not possible to investigate other types of deprivation that affect the people of Bahia. Although in the period examined to identify improvements in the primary indicators, living conditions these people were still short of what could be considered a adequate situation, revealing that a significant population of Bahia had not their basic needs met. Moreover, the set of deprivation cannot be disregarded in the planning and implementation of policies to combat poverty, because, otherwise, it undermines the effectiveness of such policies.
Esta dissertação analisa a pobreza no estado da Bahia, sob o enfoque multidimensional de estudo da pobreza, enfatizando a necessidade de se ampliar o foco de investigação para além da insuficiência de renda e de se considerar a multidimensionalidade da pobreza na elaboração das políticas que objetivem o seu combate. Para isso, discute, inicialmente, a trajetória evolutiva do estudo da pobreza, dando destaque ao predomínio da abordagem unidimensional monetária nos trabalhos sobre a pobreza no Brasil e na Bahia. Posteriormente, realiza uma análise empírica da pobreza na Bahia nos anos 1995, 2001 e 2006, fundamentada em duas abordagens multidimensionais de estudo da pobreza: a abordagem das necessidades básicas e a abordagem das capacitações. A partir dos conceitos empregados por estas abordagens, define a pobreza como a insatisfação das necessidades humanas básicas que priva o indivíduo de desenvolver e expandir as suas capacitações. A metodologia empregada na análise empírica consiste em aplicar o método multivariado da Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas no cálculo de um indicador multidimensional de pobreza (IMP) por unidade da população analisada. Este indicador é composto por um conjunto de variáveis qualitativas, denominadas de indicadores primários de privação. Os resultados da aplicação desse método também permitem estabelecer uma linha de pobreza multidimensional, utilizada como critério de identificação da pobreza. Com base nesta linha de pobreza e no indicador, foi possível calcular os tradicionais índices de pobreza FGT(0), FGT(1) e FGT(2) e, então, mensurar a pobreza na Bahia. Os resultados demonstram que a proporção de pobres era elevada, principalmente entre a população rural, mas que essa proporção diminuiu entre os anos 1995 e 2006, exceto na área metropolitana. Entre os indivíduos considerados pobres, a pobreza era mais intensa e mais severa na área rural. A decomposição da pobreza por cor ou raça e por tipo de família apontou que os indivíduos de cor preta ou parda, bem como as famílias do tipo mãe com filhos menores de 14 anos , apresentavam maior risco de pobreza. A decomposição por sexo não mostrou diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres quanto à extensão e ao risco de pobreza. Com relação às áreas censitárias, os municípios menos populosos eram os que possuíam maior percentual de pobres. Quando comparada com a pobreza por renda, a pobreza multidimensional se apresentava mais elevada (anos 2001 e 2006) e estável. Enquanto nesta primeira houve uma queda expressiva no período 1995/2006, a diminuição ocorrida na segunda foi bem menos significativa. Assim, ao se concentrar as análises apenas na insuficiência de renda, não se torna possível investigar os outros tipos de privações que atingem a população baiana. Mesmo que no período analisado se identifiquem melhorias nos indicadores primários, as condições de vida desta população ainda estavam longe do que poderia ser considerada uma situação adequada, revelando que uma parcela significativa da população baiana não tinha suas necessidades básicas satisfeitas. Ademais, o conjunto de privações não pode ser desconsiderado no planejamento e execução das políticas de combate à pobreza, pois, do contrário, se compromete a eficácia de tais políticas.
Mestre em Economia
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Lange, Rutger-Jan. "Brownian motion and multidimensional decision making." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243402.
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This thesis consists of three self-contained parts, each with its own abstract, body, references and page numbering. Part I, 'Potential theory, path integrals and the Laplacian of the indicator', finds the transition density of absorbed or reflected Brownian motion in a d-dimensional domain as a Feynman-Kac functional involving the Laplacian of the indicator, thereby relating the hitherto unrelated fields of classical potential theory and path integrals. Part II, 'The problem of alternatives', considers parallel investment in alternative technologies or drugs developed over time, where there can be only one winner. Parallel investment accelerates the search for the winner, and increases the winner's expected performance, but is also costly. To determine which candidates show sufficient performance and/or promise, we find an integral equation for the boundary of the optimal continuation region. Part III, 'Optimal support for renewable deployment', considers the role of government subsidies for renewable technologies. Rapidly diminishing subsidies are cheaper for taxpayers, but could prematurely kill otherwise successful technologies. By contrast, high subsidies are not only expensive but can also prop up uneconomical technologies. To analyse this trade-off we present a new model for technology learning that makes capacity expansion endogenous. There are two reasons for this standalone structure. First, the target readership is divergent. Part I concerns mathematical physics, Part II operations research, and Part III policy. Readers interested in specific parts can thus read these in isolation. Those interested in the thesis as a whole may prefer to read the three introductions first. Second, the separate parts are only partially interconnected. Each uses some theory from the preceding part, but not all of it; e.g. Part II uses only a subset of the theory from Part I. The quickest route to Part III is therefore not through the entirety of the preceding parts. Furthermore, those instances where results from previous parts are used are clearly indicated.
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Kana, Zeumo Vivien. "Construction d'indices : mesurage multidimensionnel de la pauvreté." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090032.
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TKACH, KATERYNA. "Essays on multidimensional poverty measurement and the dependence among well-being dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi dell'Insubria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/317984.
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Evaluating the welfare of nations is high on the research agenda of the economists, practitioners and policy-makers. The literature contributions of the last decades triggered a multivariate perception of the well-being, which is suggested to go beyond the GDP, and created a need for more complex approaches to evaluate the welfare as well as poverty.
The first essay investigates the approaches to multivariate poverty measurement and focuses on the composite index approach and the steps involved in it. An important aspect of the multivariate perspective in well-being is the dependence among the underlying indicators. There is growing evidence in the literature that well-being dimensions are interrelated. This dependence among attributes matters for multidimensional poverty measurement, since income is no longer the only indicator to be considered. However, the reviewed approaches to multivariate poverty measurement do not commonly capture this interdependence. The second essay suggests a copula function as a flexible tool to estimate the dependence among welfare variables. Moreover, it proposes to incorporate the evaluated dependence in the composite indicator. The trade-off among attributes, which is established via the weighting of dimensions, is identified as a possible channel to include the interdependence in the composite indicator.
The third essay of this dissertation defines bivariate and multivariate copula-based measures of dependence and applies them using the recent data from the EU-SILC. The results suggest that key dimensions of well-being, i.e. income, education and health, are positively interdependent. In addition, the strength of pairwise and multivariate dependence reinforced in the post-crisis period in some European countries. Finally, the last essay proposes a new class of the copula-based multidimensional poverty indices by innovating over the weighting approach. The weighting scheme proposed in this dissertation incorporates the estimated copula-based dependence and contains necessary normative controls to be chosen by the practitioner. The findings of the last essay suggest that the overall poverty is driven not only by the individual shortfalls, but also by the degree of interdependence among well-being indicators.
Considering the proposed copula-based weighting scheme and the proposal of the new class of copula-based poverty indices, this dissertation contributes to the multivariate poverty measurement by suggesting the channel to enclose the dependence structure in the composite indicators. The proposed copula-based methodology will advance the multidimensional poverty analysis and the poverty-reducing policy, which can be designed to address the problem of interdependence of individual achievements.
Books on the topic "Multidimensional indicators"
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Gravel, Nicolas. Is India better off today than 15 years ago?: A robust multidimensional answer. New Delhi: Centre de Sciences Humaines, 2007.
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Political atlas of the modern world: An experiment in multidimensional statistical analysis of the political systems of modern states. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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Leusden, Hans van. Indicators of marriage and marriage dissolution of the female population of Curaçao, 1960-1962 and 1980-1981: A multidimensional analysis. Voorburg: Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute, 1985.
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Gobert, Janice Darlene. A multidimensional approach to human laterality and perceptual style as measured by the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1985.
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Cerdeiro, Diego A., and Rachel J. Nam. Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators. International Monetary Fund, 2018.
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Chakravarty, Satya, and Maria Ana Lugo. Multidimensional Indicators of Inequality and Poverty. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.7.
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This chapter reviews the main features of multidimensional indices of inequality and poverty. For each of these cases, the discussion is divided into two approaches: a direct approach, where desirable properties are specified and a measure of inequality or poverty obtained; and the inclusive measure of well-being approach, where an index of individual well-being is defined in a first step, and the measure of inequality or poverty obtained in a second step. The emphasis will be on the properties that different measures satisfy and on the main justifications put forward when properties disagree. A systematic comparison between indices, whenever appropriate, is presented. Several policy applications of the indices are also discussed.
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Cerdeiro, Diego A., and Rachel J. Nam. Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators. International Monetary Fund, 2018.
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Cerdeiro, Diego A., and Rachel J. Nam. Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators. International Monetary Fund, 2018.
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Chakravarty, Satya R. Analyzing Multidimensional Well-Being: A Quantitative Approach. Wiley, 2017.
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Chakravarty, Satya R. Analyzing Multidimensional Well-Being: A Quantitative Approach. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Multidimensional indicators"
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Asselin, Louis-Marie. "Indicators and Multidimensionality Analysis." In Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty, 7–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0843-8_2.
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Chakravarty, Satya R., and Maria Ana Lugo. "Multidimensional Indicators of Inequality and Poverty." In Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, 223–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3432-0_14.
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Sarriera, Jorge Castellá, and Lívia Maria Bedin. "A Multidimensional Approach to Well-Being." In Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research, 3–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55601-7_1.
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Mayer, M. "Multidimensional indicators for recyclability assessment of structural materials." In Structures and Architecture A Viable Urban Perspective?, 551–58. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023555-66.
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Tikadar, Agomoni. "Concept of Social Indicators and Quality of Life in Social Sciences." In Multidimensional Approach to Quality of Life Issues, 69–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6958-2_5.
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Poon, Leonard K. M. "Clustering with Multidimensional Mixture Models: Analysis on World Development Indicators." In Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2017, 153–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59072-1_19.
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Cusatelli, Carlo, Massimiliano Giacalone, and Eugenia Nissi. "Exploring competitiveness and wellbeing in Italy by spatial principal component analysis." In Proceedings e report, 141–46. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.27.
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Well being is a multidimensional phenomenon, that cannot be measured by a single descriptive indicator and that, it should be represented by multiple dimensions. It requires, to be measured by combination of different dimensions that can be considered together as components of the phenomenon. This combination can be obtained by applying methodologies knows as Composite Indicators (CIs). CIs are largely used to have a comprehensive view on a phenomenon that cannot be captured by a single indicator. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular multivariate statistical technique used for reducing data with many dimension, and often well being indicators are obtained using PCA. PCA is implicitly based on a reflective measurement model that it non suitable for all types of indicators. Mazziotta and Pareto (2013) in their paper discuss the use and misuse of PCA for measuring well-being. The classical PCA is not suitable for data collected on the territory because it does not take into account the spatial autocorrelation present in the data. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of Spatial Principal Component Analysis for measuring well being in the Italian Provinces.
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Wang, Wei, and Kunio Urakawa. "Effects of Multidimensional Poverty on Health Indicators in Japan: Income, Time, and Social Relations." In Contemporary Issues in Applied Economics, 311–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7036-6_17.
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Wodon, Quentin, and Shlomo Yitzhaki. "Inequality in Multidimensional Indicators of Well-Being: Methodology and Application to the Human Development Index." In Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves, 303–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72796-7_17.
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Lu, Lu, Zhang Qingwei, Shan Changwang, and Li Xiaomeng. "Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Transformer Health State Based on Collaborative Analysis of Multidimensional Indicators." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 387–401. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7156-2_27.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Multidimensional indicators"
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Marek, Svenja, Ing Guenther Schuh, and Ing Volker Stich. "Identification of multidimensional key performance indicators for manufacturing companies." In 2020 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temscon47658.2020.9140138.
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Vameghestahbanati, Monirosharieh, Ian Marsland, Ramy H. Gohary, and Halim Yanikomeroglu. "Key Performance Indicators in Multidimensional Constellations for Uplink SCMA Systems." In 2019 16th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cwit.2019.8929897.
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Petrova-Antonova, Dessislava, and Martin Minkov. "Evaluation of Cities’ Smartness through Multidimensional Platform of Performance Indicators." In 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010024401400146.
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Jašková, Dana. "Development of Human Capital Quality Based on Quantitative Indicators." In 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2022.145.
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Human capital represents the knowledge, skills and characteristics of an individual that facilitate the creation of personal, social and economic well-being. Measuring, analyzing and subsequently developing human capital is a prerequisite for the region’s prosperity. Human capital is a set of human abilities and skills that has a direct impact on the potential of social activity. Measuring and monitoring human capital development is an important part of regional policy. This process is complex because human capital is a qualitative characteristic of man. The links, correlations and causal links between the different sets of human resources data are identified. The assessment of human capital levels must be based on many quantitative indicators. This paper evaluates the development of human capital in Slovakia using an aggregated, composite indicator. The composite indicator is constructed using selected weighted indicators. By applying more complex multidimensional statistical methods, the assessed indicators are aggregated into a composite indicator, and its development is then evaluated.
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Shi, Qingshuai, Jiancheng Weng, Siyong Ma, and Yunqi Jing. "Evaluation Method of Bus Line Optimization Scheme Based on Multidimensional Indicators." In 20th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483053.285.
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Makarov, S. I. "Multidimensional Statistical Analysis Of Economic Indicators Of Developer Organizations In Samara Region." In 18th International Scientific Conference “Problems of Enterprise Development: Theory and Practice”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.04.2.
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Uskenbayeva, R. K., Y. I. Cho, G. B. Bektemyssova, N. K. Mukazhanov, D. K. Kozhamzharova, and B. K. Kurmangaliyeva. "Multidimensional indexing structure development for the optimal formation of aggregated indicators in OLAP hypercube." In 2014 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2014.6987792.
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Hrybinenko, Olha Hrybinenko, Olena Bulatova, and Olha Zakharova. "Financial indicators in the system of economic security of the world countries." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.672.
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The paper is aimed at quantitative evaluation of the level of countries’ financial solvency based on the use of a multidimensional methodical toolkit for evaluating financial indicators of a country’s development, which results in the construction of the appropriate integral security indices. Unlike other methods to assess the level of security, the proposed approach makes it possible to determine not only the integrated level of a financial component of the economic security but also to calculate the quantitative thresholds of the financial indicators aggregated in the integral index (gold and currency reserves, external debt per capita, changes in the official local currency rate, budget deficit/surplus to GDP); going beyond the threshold values is a signal of the increased risk and lack of solvency. Comprehensive consideration of the financial indicators, taken from the official statictic databases or calculated basing on the official statictics, in the structure of the integral index helps quantify the level of a financial component in the system of ensuring countries’ economic security. The proposed approach is approbated in terms of the countries for which the level of a component of the financial solvency (critical, dangerous, unsatisfactory, safe, and optimal) has been calculated. From the practical viewpoint, the proposed toolkit makes it possible to identify actual and potential threats to the countries’ sustainable development. The obtained integral indices of security can be used as the variables in economic and mathematical models while evaluating the effect of security status on the global economic development and positions of certain countries, communities, and regions in the system of world economic relationships.
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Kráľová, Katarína, Dana Jašková, and Jana Sochuľáková. "The Influence of Macroeconomic Factors of the Business Environment on the Development of the Number of SMEs." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.95.
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The precondition for the development of any economy is the existence of a sufficient number of promising and developing SMEs. The basic element of successful SME development is the socio-economic business environment, which motivates to develop business. The paper analyses the socio-economic factors of the business environment in the regions of the Slovak Republic in the context of the development of SME business activities. The authors used survey methods to identify and better understand the socio-economic factors that stimulate business development, as well as barriers to the development of SME business activities in the regions of the Slovak Republic. To assess the relationship between the socio-economic level of the regions and the development of business in the regions, the authors constructed a composite indicator, which made it possible to compare and monitor the development of selected indicators. The authors used more complex multidimensional statistical methods for the calculation.
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Gabrielyan, Diana, Jaan Masso, and Lenno Uusküla. "Mining News Data for the Measurement and Prediction of Inflation Expectations." In CARMA 2020 - 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2020.2020.11322.
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In this paper we use high frequency multidimensional textual news data andpropose an index of inflation news. We utilize the power of text mining and itsability to convert large collections of text from unstructured to structured formfor in-depth quantitative analysis of online news data. The significantrelationship between the household’s inflation expectations and news topics isdocumented and the forecasting performance of news-based indices isevaluated for different horizons and model variations. Results suggest that withoptimal number of topics a machine learning model is able to forecast theinflation expectations with greater accuracy than the simple autoregressivemodels. Additional results from forecasting headline inflation indicate that theoverall forecasting accuracy is at a good level. Findings in this paper supportthe view in the literature that the news are good indicators of inflation and areable to capture inflation expecta-tions well.
Reports on the topic "Multidimensional indicators"
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.
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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Ramm-Granberg, Tynan, F. Rocchio, Catharine Copass, Rachel Brunner, and Eric Nelsen. Revised vegetation classification for Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic national parks: Project summary report. National Park Service, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284511.
Full textAbstract:
Field crews recently collected more than 10 years of classification and mapping data in support of the North Coast and Cascades Inventory and Monitoring Network (NCCN) vegetation maps of Mount Rainier (MORA), Olympic (OLYM), and North Cascades (NOCA) National Parks. Synthesis and analysis of these 6000+ plots by Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) and Institute for Natural Resources (INR) staff built on the foundation provided by the earlier classification work of Crawford et al. (2009). These analyses provided support for most of the provisional plant associations in Crawford et al. (2009), while also revealing previously undescribed vegetation types that were not represented in the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). Both provisional and undescribed types have since been submitted to the USNVC by WNHP staff through a peer-reviewed process. NCCN plots were combined with statewide forest and wetland plot data from the US Forest Service (USFS) and other sources to create a comprehensive data set for Washington. Analyses incorporated Cluster Analysis, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) to identify, vet, and describe USNVC group, alliance, and association distinctions. The resulting revised classification contains 321 plant associations in 99 alliances. A total of 54 upland associations were moved through the peer review process and are now part of the USNVC. Of those, 45 were provisional or preliminary types from Crawford et al. (2009), with 9 additional new associations that were originally identified by INR. WNHP also revised the concepts of 34 associations, wrote descriptions for 2 existing associations, eliminated/archived 2 associations, and created 4 new upland alliances. Finally, WNHP created 27 new wetland alliances and revised or clarified an additional 21 as part of this project (not all of those occur in the parks). This report and accompanying vegetation descriptions, keys and synoptic and environmental tables (all products available from the NPS Data Store project reference: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2279907) present the fruit of these combined efforts: a comprehensive, up-to-date vegetation classification for the three major national parks of Washington State.