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Hallett, Joseph F. "Multiaxial strength and fatigue of rubber compounds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6759.
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Despite real applications having complex triaxial loading, current physical test methods to predict component behaviour are mainly uniaxial. But previous work has indicated that there may be substantial differences between the rubber's uniaxial and biaxial behaviour and hence through incompressibility, its triaxial properties. In order to quantify these differences equipment was developed to assess the biaxial performance of selected rubber compounds using inflated circular diaphragms. Although allowing higher extensions than stretching a sheet in its own plane, such tests do not allow stress and strain to be measured directly, requiring careful marking of the sample, or calculation through simulation. On the grounds of perceived accuracy, the latter was chosen, requiring accurate, general, elastic constants to high extensions. In this thesis the development of this apparatus, along with the associated techniques is described, along with the development of a new elastic theory. The tests on this new apparatus indicated significant differences between the uniaxial and biaxial strength and fatigue of rubber. In a unimdal test natural rubber (NR) is much stronger than styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) below 35pphr of carbon black. In a biaxial test though the converse is true, although there is some evidence of crystallinity in NR during the biaxial test. Distinct differences were also found in fatigue between the two load cases. When plotted against extension ratio the biaxial life of SBR was found to increase, while the converse is true for NR. However if life is plotted against a function of strain energy, the biaxial life of both polymers increases for a given energy.
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Warneboldt, Iona. "Multiaxial fatigue design of elastomeric parts using Equivalent Fatigue Loads." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0002.
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Trois étapes sont mises en oeuvre ici : la méthode de localisation, la fonction de dommage matériau et le processus de détermination des chargements équivalents en fatigue (CEF). De nombreux essais de fatigue ont été réalisés (415 au total) pour étudier le comportement en fatigue sous chargement multiaxial relaxant et non relaxant sur des éprouvettes de caoutchouc naturel. La durée de vie et les caractéristiques des fissures sont analysées pour finalement introduire un critère de fatigue approprié basé sur le plan critique et permettant de rendre compte de l'effet de déformation moyenne. Ce critère est généralisé à travers une méthode originale de recherche du plan critique. Pour estimer la réponse mécanique locale (méthode de localisation), une méthode de couplage des axes adaptée à la nature non linéaire des structures élastomères est proposée. Elle est basée sur la décomposition multiplicative des tenseurs du gradient de la déformation. Ces deux étapes sont ensuite mises en oeuvre dans le cadre du processus de détermination du CEF. Pour cela, une méthode d'optimisation globale est ajoutée pour déterminer les chargements simplifiés, induisant partout localement le même endommagement en fatigue dans la structure étudiée que le RLD. Le temps de calcul de cette optimisation est réduit en ne considérant qu'un sous-ensemble de points matériels, les plus endommagés, pour la détermination du CEF. Enfin, la méthode a été testée sur une éprouvette afin de souligner ses capacités et de valider l'approcheThis thesis introduces an Equivalent Fatigue Load (EFL) approach for the multiaxial fatigue design of elastomeric parts. As direct Finite Element Analysis (FEA) calculations of automotive in-service loads (Road Load Data (RLD)) are too expensive, the objective is to derive simplified load blocks as a realistic input for numerical damage calculations. Three streps are applied for this method: the localization method, the material damage function and the EFL determination process. Various fatigue tests have been conducted (415 samples) to study the fatigue behavior of this complex type of relaxing and non-relaxing multiaxial loading on natural rubber specimens. Lifetime and crack features are analyzed to eventually introduce an appropriate critical planebased fatigue measure and to establish a novel mean strain effect model. This criterion is generalized throughout an original critical plane search method. To estimate the local mechanical response (localization method), this thesis identifies an axes-coupling method that is fitted for the nonlinear nature of elastomeric structures. It is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensors. These two steps are then implemented in the framework of the EFLdetermination process. For this, a global optimization method is added to determine the simplified load blocks, causing locally the same fatigue behavior in the given structure. The computational costs of this optimization are reduced by only considering a subset of the most damaged material points for EFLdetermination. Finally, the method has been challenged on a specimen to outline its capabilities and to validate the approach
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Saintier, Nicolas. "Fatigue multiaxiale dans un élastomère de type NR : mécanismes d'endommagement et critère local d'amorçage de fissure." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397910.
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Liu, Mu-Hsin. "Multiaxial Fatigue Testing Machine." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1266241731.
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Swalla, Dana Ray. "Fretting fatigue damage prediction using multiaxial fatigue criteria." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17033.
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FEIFERIS, ANDRE DOS REIS. "STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF CRANKSHAFT UNDER MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35967@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Eixos de virabrequim estão sujeitos a carregamentos multiaxiais quando em serviço. Por se tratar de um estado complexo de tensões, os modelos aplicados na determinação da vida em fadiga de tais componentes devem permitir, também, uma abordagem multiaxial, mais avançados do que aqueles adotados para carregamentos uniaxiais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi prever a falha em serviço de eixos virabrequins de unidades geradoras Diesel ou gás de plantas termoelétricas. Falhas recentemente ocorridas em eixos virabrequins no parque termoelétrico nacional justificam o presente estudo, para garantir eficiência e segurança nas operações industriais. Com base no método de elementos finitos, foram calculadas as tensões atuantes em um eixo virabrequim de unidade geradora a gás, com 10 mancais, duas bielas por mancal e fabricado com aço estrutural DIN 34CrNiMo6. Em sequência, adotando-se estas tensões atuantes calculadas, foram aplicados diversos critérios de fadiga para prever sua falha. Para tal, adotaram-se os modelos de Papadopoulos, Findley, Matake, McDiarmid, Carpinteri e Spagnoli, Liu e Mahadevan, Mises, Sines e Crossland, todos de fadiga de alto ciclo, baseados no plano crítico ou na tensão de von Mises. Propriedades de resistência à fadiga do material foram retiradas da literatura. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o componente é seguro quando avaliado usando tais critérios.
Crankshaft axles are subject to multiaxial loading when in service. Because the resulting state of stresses is complex, models applied to determining the fatigue life of such components employ a multiaxial approach as well, more advanced than those adopted for uniaxial loads. The objective of this work is to predict the failure in service of crankshafts of diesel or gas generating units of thermoelectric plants. Crankshafts reported recent failures in the national thermoelectric power plant justifies the present study, to guarantee efficiency and safety in such industrial operations. Based on the finite element method, the resulting stresses on a DIN 34CrNiMo6 structural steel gas generating unit crankshaft, with 10 bearings, two connecting rods per bearing were calculated. Using these finite element calculated stresses, several fatigue criteria were applied to predict this cranckshaft structural failure. Models due to Papadopoulos, Findley, Matake, McDiarmid, Carpinteri and Spagnoli, Liu and Mahadevan, Mises, Sines and Crossland, all of high cycle fatigue based on the critical plane or von Mises strain, were adopted. Material fatigue properties used in the analyses were compiled from specidized literature. Obtained results indicated that the component considered is safe regarding fatigue loadings, as evaluated using such criteria.
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Bold, P. E. "Multiaxial fatigue crack growth in rail steel." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14807/.
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In the introduction to a recent symposium on rolling contact fatigue, R.A.Smith stated that it was difficult to apply our greatly increased understanding of metal fatigue, to rolling contact fatigue, because of "the apparent lack of alternating tensile stresses to drive the cracks." He went on to say "alternating shear stresses are easily found, but the reproduction of continuous crack growth controlled by shear (Mode II in fracture mechanics terms), has proved to be near impossible." This project has demonstrated that under specific conditions this mode of growth does occur. The project began by studying rolling contact fatigue defects, in particular the 'squat' defect in railway lines, and the stress analyses that have been performed on them. It was concluded that the largest stress cycle experienced by the cracks must be a shear stress. It. series of tests were then performed that loaded a crack in pure shear, or a mixture of tension and shear, looking at the effects of using fully reversed shear loading, and the effects of applying tensile mean stresses to reduce the friction on the crack flanks. However these tests all produced less than one millimetre of mode II growth, before the cracks arrested or branched. The final series of tests however applied a tensile load cycle before each shear load cycle. This time coplanar growth was produced, that is the crack grew in the direction of the maximum shear stress. This type of load cycle is a simplification of the load cycle calculated by Bower and Johnson of Cambridge University, where the tensile load is produced by fluid trapped in the crack. Two crack growth rate formulae were produced that fitted the data, indicating that the growth rate was dependent on both the tensile and the shear parts of the cycle.
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Kawamoto, Jiro. "Fatigue of rubber composites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14566.
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Juneja, Lokesh Kumar. "Multiaxial fatigue damage model for random amplitude loading histories." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41522.
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In spite of many multiaxial fatigue life prediction methods proposed over decades of
research, no universally accepted approach yet exists. A multiaxial fatigue damage
model developed for approximately proportional random amplitude loading is proposed
in this study. A normal strain based analysis incorporating the multiaxial state
of stress is conducted along a critical orientation assuming a constant strain ratio.
The dominant deformation direction is chosen to be the critical orientation which
is selected with the help of a principal strain histogram generated from the given
multiaxial loading history. The uniaxial cyclic stress-strain curve is modified for the
biaxial state of stress present along the critical orientation for the plane stress conditions.
Modified versions of Morrow's and of Smith, Watson, and Topper's (SWT)
mean-stress models are used to incorporate mean stresses. A maximum shear strain
based analysis is, in addition, conducted to check for the shear dominant fatigue
crack growth possibility along the critical direction. The most damaging maximum
shear strain is chosen after analyzing the in-plane and the two out-of-plane shear
strains.
The minimum of the two life values obtained from SWT model and the shear
strain model is compared with the life estimated by the proposed model with the
modified Morrow's mean stress model. The former is essentially the life predicted by
Socie. The results of the proposed model, as reduced to the uniaxial case, are also
compared with the experimental data obtained by conducting one-channel random
amplitude loading history experiments.
Master of Science
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Sharifimehr, Shahriar. "Multiaxial Fatigue Analysis under Complex Non-proportional Loading Conditions." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544787705876488.
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Carraro, Paolo Andrea. "Multiaxial fatigue behaviour of composite materials: characterisation and modelling." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423782.
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Thanks to their lightness and versatility combined with excellent mechanical properties, composite materials underwent an increasing relevance in the last twenty years in many industrial fields, also for structural applications.
This class of materials offer a wide range of advantages but it is still characterized by a quite high cost with respect to more traditional structural materials. One of the reasons is the lack of reliable design procedures, as well as of extensive experimental investigations in the literature providing clear and general information.
This is particularly evident with reference to the behaviour of composite laminates and bonded joints under multiaxial fatigue loading, which often characterise in-service conditions.
With the aim to acquire information on the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of unidirectional composites, a specimen configuration was first defined, suitable to characterise the matrix-dominated multiaxial fatigue behaviour of a composite lamina, which is of great importance for the damage evolution in laminates (chapter 2). Tubular specimens subjected to combined tension/torsion loading were identified as the best compromise between reliability of results, easiness of testing and possibility to obtain multiaxial stress states of interest.
In the third chapter the results of an extensive experimental investigation on tubular specimens is presented. Tubes were fatigue tested with several values of the biaxiality (shear to transverse) ratio and load ratio (ratio between the minimum and the maximum fatigue loads). A strong influence of both parameters was found on the off-axis crack initiation and propagation phenomena, as well as on the damage mechanisms at the micro-scale.
Uniaxial fatigue tests were then carried out on multidirectional flat laminates, designed to achieve local multiaxial stress states similar to those applied to the tubes by means of tension/torsion external loads. This activity, presented in the fourth chapter, revealed the equivalence between external (obtained by applying external loads in different directions) and internal (due to material anisotropy) multiaxial stress states. This represents a fundamental step for the extension of experimental results and predictive models to general loading conditions.
The experimental activity on tubes provided information on the damage mechanisms at the micro-scale, responsible for fatigue failure of a unidirectional lamina. On the basis of these mechanisms a criterion for predicting crack initiation in a unidirectional lamina under multiaxial fatigue was developed by means of a multiscale approach (chapter 5). This criterion resulted in sound agreement with the new data on tubes, with data on flat unidirectional laminates from the literature and with crack initiation data on the off-axis layers of the laminates reported in chapter 4.
A basic topic related to the analysis of multidirectional laminates is the stiffness degradation due to off-axis cracks in their plies. Dealing with such a topic, an analytical model was developed for predicting the stiffness of a laminate as a function of the crack density in its layers accounting for the interaction between cracks in different layers (chapter 6). In addition the model is capable of calculating the stress re-distribution due to the presence of cracks. This is fundamental for the development of a new procedure for predicting the fatigue crack density evolution in multidirectional laminates, presented in chapter 7.
To this aim the experimental observations, the analytical models and criteria previously presented, combined with a statistical approach, have been used to predict the initiation and propagation of multiple cracks in a laminate. As a consequence, when this procedure is combined with the model presented in chapter 6, both the stiffness degradation and the stress re-distribution, useful for the estimation of the total fatigue life, can be predicted.
When composite laminates are used as adherends in bonded joints the bonding surface represents a critical position for the onset of fatigue cracks. As a consequence an experimental investigation on the propagation of a bondline crack in composite bonded joints subjected to mixed mode I + II (opening + sliding) fatigue loading was carried out and presented in chapter 8. A criterion to predict the crack propagation rate under mixed mode loading was also developed, based on the damage mechanisms observed during the experimental campaign.
Eventually, in Appendix A an analytical model for predicting the initiation of a fibre-matrix debond crack under biaxial static loads is presented. The model provides useful information on the influence of the main geometrical and interface parameters of the fibre-matrix interface strength.Grazie alla loro leggerezza e versatilità combinate ad eccellenti proprietà meccaniche, i materiali compositi hanno acquisito un'importanza sempre maggiore negli ultimi vent'anni in molti settori industriali, anche per applicazioni strutturali. A fronte dei numerosi vantaggi offerti da questa classe di materiali vi è un costo che rimane ancora piuttosto elevato rispetto ai più tradizionali materiali da costruzione. Una delle ragioni è la mancanza di procedure di progettazione affidabili e riconosciute, nonché l'assenza, in letteratura, di estese caratterizzazioni sperimentali da cui acquisire informazioni di carattere generale. Ciò è particolarmente evidente in riferimento al comportamento a fatica multiassiale di lamine, laminati e giunzioni incollate in composito. Al fine di sopperire alla mancanza di informazioni sul comportamento a fatica multiassiale di lamine unidirezionali, nonché all'assenza di una procedura adeguata di test, è stata inizialmente definita una configurazione di provini adatta a caratterizzare la risposta matrix-dominated (particolarmente significativa per il danneggiamento a fatica di laminati) di materiali compositi unidirezionali (capitolo 2). Provini tubolari soggetti a carichi ciclici di trazione e torsione combinati sono stati identificati come il miglior compromesso tra affidabilità dei risultati, semplicità di testing e possibilità di ottenere condizioni multiassiali di interesse. Nel terzo capitolo sono riportati i risultati di un'estesa campagna sperimentale su tali provini tubolari in presenza di diversi rapporti di biassialità (tensione di taglio su tensione trasversale) e rapporti di ciclo (rapporto tra il minimo e il massimo carico di fatica). É stata riscontrata una notevole influenza di tali parametri sull'innesco e propagazione di cricche off-axis, nonché sui meccanismi di danneggiamento su scala microscopica. Sono poi stati testati a fatica uni-assiale dei laminai piani multi-direzionali progettati per avere condizioni di multiassialità locali simili a quelle ottenute sui provini tubolari tramite carichi esterni in diverse direzioni. L'attività, presentata al quarto capitolo, ha permesso di verificare l'equivalenza tra condizioni multiassiali ti tipo esterno (carichi in più direzioni) e interno (dovute all'anisotropia di lamine e laminati in composito). Ciò rappresenta uno step fondamentale per l'estensione di risultati sperimentali e modelli previsionali a condizioni di carico generiche. L'attività sperimentale sviluppata sui tubi ha fornito informazioni sui meccanismi di danneggiamento a livello microscopico che sono responsabili del cedimento a fatica della lamina unidirezionale. Sulla base di tali meccanismi è stato proposto un criterio per l'innesco di cricche a fatica multiassiale in lamine in composito basato su un approccio multiscala (capitolo 5). Il criterio è risultato in ottimo accordo con i nuovi dati sperimentali sui campioni tubolari, con dati disponibili in letteratura riguardanti lamine unidirezionali piane e con i dati ad innesco sugli strati off-axis dei laminati testati al capitolo 4. Parlando quindi di laminati multi-direzionali, un aspetto fondamentale è la diminuzione di rigidezza di questi ultimi dovuto all'innesco e propagazione di cricche multiple negli strati off-axis. A tal proposito è stato proposto un modello analitico in grado di legare la densità di cricche in ciascuno strato di un laminato alla diminuzione di rigidezza globale considerando anche l'interazione tra cricche presenti su strati diversi (capitolo 6). Tale modello fornisce anche le distribuzioni di tensione dovute alla presenza delle cricche stesse. Questo è un aspetto di fondamentale importanza per lo sviluppo di una procedura per prevedere l'evoluzione della densità di cricche in laminati multi-direzionali sollecitati a fatica, presentata al capitolo 7. A tale scopo le osservazioni sperimentali, i modelli analitici e i criteri sviluppati in precedenza, combinati ad un approccio di tipo statistico, vengono utilizzati per prevedere l'innesco e propagazione di cricche multiple in un laminato. Di conseguenza, combinata con il modello precedentemente illustrato, la procedura consente di prevedere sia la diminuzione di rigidezza di laminati sia la ridistribuzione delle tensioni per effetto del danneggiamento rappresentando quindi uno strumento utile anche alla stima della vita a fatica totale di un laminato. Quando i laminati in composito sono utilizzati come aderendi in giunzioni incollate, l'interfaccia di incollaggio rappresenta una zona particolarmente critica per l'innesco di cricche a fatica. Di conseguenza è stata analizzata sperimentalmente la propagazione di cricche in giunzioni incollate soggette a carichi ciclici di modo misto I + II (apertura + scorrimento). Ancora una volta i meccanismi osservati su scala microscopica sono stati utilizzati per la formulazione di un criterio damage-based per la previsione della velocità di propagazione di cricche in giunzioni incollate sollecitate in modo misto (capitolo 8). In fine, in Appendice A è presentato un modello analitico sviluppato per la previsione dell'innesco di una cricca di debonding tra fibra e matrice in condizioni di carico statico biassiale. Il modello è utile per trarre informazioni sull'influenza dei principali parametri geometrici e interfacciali sulla resistenza dell'interfaccia fibra-matrice.
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Ninic, Dejan Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Fatigue in automatic transmissions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28056.
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A novel method of predicting the multiaxial high-cycle fatigue strength of metallic components is proposed and verified for various steel, aluminium and cast iron alloys. The proposed Fatigue Damage Function shows superior multiaxial fatigue strength prediction compared to the established methods of Gough and Pollard, McDiarmid and Carpinteri and Spagnoli. A new material property, the Normal Stress Sensitivity Factor, is also introduced and its applicability is verified according to published test results of sixteen different structural alloys. To highlight the effectiveness of the proposed criterion, for industrial applications, a case study has been conducted on heat-treated and not heat-treated automatic transmission output shafts.
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Asare, Samuel. "Failure of rubber components under fatigue." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8407.
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Rubber components under cyclic loading conditions often are considered to have failed as a result of the stiffness changing to an amount that makes the part no longer useful. This thesis considers three distinctive but related aspect of the fatigue failure exhibited by rubber components. The first considers the reduction in stiffness that can result from a phenomenon known as cyclic stress relaxation. The second considers fatigue crack growth encountered resulting in potentially catastrophic failure. The final issue relates to the complex topography of the resulting fatigue fracture surfaces. Previous work has shown that the amount of relaxation observed from cycle to cycle is significantly greater than that expected from static relaxation tests alone. In this thesis the reduction in the stress attained on the second and successive loading cycles as compared with the stress attained on the first cycle in a stress strain cyclic test of fixed strain amplitude has been measured for elastomer test pieces and engineering components. Adopting the approach of Davies et al. (1996) the peak force, under cyclic testing to a specific maximum displacement, plotted against the number of cycles on logarithmic scales produces a straight line graph, whose slope correlates to the rate of cyclic stress relaxation per decade. Plotting the rate of stress relaxation per decade against the maximum average strain energy density attained in the cycle reduces the data measured in different deformation modes for both simple test pieces and components to a single curve. This approach allows the cyclic stress relaxation in a real component under any deformation to be predicted from simple laboratory tests (Asare et al., 2009). Earlier work (Busfield et al., 2005) has shown that a fracture mechanics approach can predict fatigue failure in rubber or elastomer components using a finite element analysis technique that calculates the strain energy release rate for cracks introduced into bonded rubber components. This thesis extends this previous work to examine real fatigue measurements made at both room temperature and 70±1ºC in both tension and shear using cylindrical rubber to metal bonded components. Dynamic testing of these components generated fatigue failures not only in the bulk of the component but also at the rubber to metal bond interface. The fatigue crack growth characteristics were measured independently using a pure shear test piece. Using this independent crack growth data and an accurate estimate for the initial flaw size allowed 3 the fatigue life to be calculated. The fracture mechanics approach predicted the crack growth rates accurately at both room temperature and 70±1ºC (Asare et al., 2011). Fatigue crack growth often results in rough fatigue crack surfaces. The rough fatigue crack surface is, in part, thought to result from anisotropy being developed at the front of a crack tip. This anisotropy in strength whereby the material is less strong in the direction that the material is stretched might allow the fatigue crack to grow in an unanticipated direction. It might also allow the crack front to split. Therefore the final part of this thesis examines how, once split, the strain energy release rate associated with growth of each split fatigue crack develops as the cracks extend in a pure shear crack growth test specimen. The aim being to understand how the extent of out of plane crack growth that results might allow a better understanding of the generation of particular crack tip roughness profiles. Using a method of extending one split crack at a time, whilst keeping a second split crack at a constant length, it has been possible to evaluate the initial strain energy release rates of split cracks of different configurations in a pure shear specimen. It was observed that, for a split crack in a pure shear specimen, the initial strain energy release rate available for crack growth depends on the precise location of the split crack. It is also clear that the tearing energy is shared evenly when the crack tip is split into two paths of equal length, but as one crack accelerates ahead it quickly increases in tearing energy and leaves the slower crack behind. It is thought that this phenomenon is responsible for a lot of the roughness observed on the resulting fracture surfaces.
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PIRES, FERNANDO SALLES DA SILVA. "NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE PREDICTION OF FRETTING FATIGUE CRACK NUCLEATION VIA MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE MODELS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34764@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta dissertação revisita quatro modelos multiaxiais de dano por fadiga (SWTD, SWT, Findley e Crossland) e discute a sua aplicação na previsão do risco de nucleação de trinca sob solicitações de fadiga por fretting segundo as abordagens local e não-local. As previsões do risco de nucleação de trinca obtidas através dos modelos estudados foram confrontadas com dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura para o contato cilindro/plano em aços AISI 52100 e AISI 1034 respectivamente. As melhores previsões foram obtidas através da versão desviadora SWTD. Segundo a abordagem local, o modelo SWTD fez previsões menos conservativas que os demais, sendo estas com erros conservativos inferiores a 15 porcento. Segundo a abordagem não-local, os quatro modelos geram previsões com erros inferiores a 15 porcento se os mesmos forem calibrados de forma independente. É importante mencionar que as melhores previsões obtidas através da abordagem não-local (que requer a calibração de um parâmetro adicional) são similares àquelas obtidas por SWTD local. Especificamente para os testes de fadiga por fretting com carga remota, o modelo SWTD não-local gerou previsões com 100 porcento de acertos (13 testes). Segundo a abordagem não-local, foi verificado que, para o conjunto de testes estudado, a precisão nas previsões é mais influenciada pela dimensão característica (que deve ser calibrada) que pelo modelo de fadiga multiaxial ou método de integração considerado. Por fim, verificou-se que previsões não conservativas podem ser obtidas ao se considerar uma dimensão característica assumida como parâmetro material (sem calibração) tal qual a distância crítica proposta por Taylor, definida em termos do método do ponto.
This work presents and discusses four multiaxial fatigue damage models (SWTD, SWT, Findley and Crossland) applied to crack nucleation prediction under fretting fatigue loadings according to the local and the non-local approaches. The predictions have been compared with experimental data available in the literature for the cylinder on flat configuration made of 52100 and 1034 AISI steel s respectively. In particular, for the data set analyzed, SWTD parameter (deviatoric version of SWT model) predictions were less conservative than the ones made by the other three models and have better correlated the experimental results. Considering the local approach, the error observed on the SWTD predictions was lower than 15 percent. On the other hand, for the non-local approach, it has been demonstrated that the four multiaxial fatigue models can provide crack nucleation predictions with similar level of accuracy (error lower than 15 percent) if the characteristic dimension is calibrated model-by-model. Note that this same level of accuracy was obtained with SWTD parameter defined in terms of the local approach, which requires one less parameter to be calibrated (characteristic dimension). In particular, considering only the fretting fatigue tests with bulk stresses, SWTD non-local (area method) prediction accuracy was 100 percent (13 tests). For the material studied, it has also been concluded that the non-local predictions accuracy depends more on the calibrated characteristic dimension than on the multiaxial model or integration method considered. Moreover, it has been verified that non-conservative predictions can be made if the characteristic dimension is assumed as a material property as proposed by Taylor on the critical distances theory (point method).
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Bennett, Valerie P. "A microscale study of small crack propagation in multiaxial fatigue." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23957.
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El-Hage, Hicham. "Multiaxial fatigue analyses and life predictions using finite element method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62209.pdf.
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Wavish, Paul M. "Representative specimen for multiaxial fretting fatigue in a splined coupling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438306.
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Suman, Sandip Kumar. "Nonlinear Fatigue Damage Accumulation in Aircraft Engine Alloys Multiaxial Loading." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26885.
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Fatigue is considered to be one of the most frequent phenomena in the failure of many
machine parts. Most of the prior studies on fatigue have been limited to uniaxial loading cases
with a primary focus on constant amplitude cycles. A detailed exploration of multiaxial fatigue
under constant and variable amplitude loading scenarios for a wide variety of aircraft engine
alloys has been performed in this study, and a new methodology for the accurate prediction of
fatigue damage is developed. A critical-plane based constant amplitude fatigue damage model
has been developed in this study which is simple in comparison to prior models developed by
other researchers and reduces the computational effort. The constant amplitude fatigue damage
model is further used in the development of a multiaxial variable amplitude damage estimation
method, with an emphasis on estimating the damage created by both low cycle fatigue (LCF) and
high cycle fatigue (HCF) cycles. A significant increase in overall fatigue damage was observed
in the tests with the introduction of HCF cycles in the mission histories. The damage due to the
HCF cycles has been found to be much greater than predicted by linear damage accumulation
theories, although the degree of interaction between the LCF and HCF cycles was found to be
very dependent on the multiaxial load paths. In addition, the HCF cycles did not contribute
significantly to the accumulation of damage until a certain amount of ?pre-damage? had been
caused by the LCF cycles. Separate HCF damage computing approaches have been adopted in
this study to accurately compute the damage produced by tensile and shear dominant HCF
cycles, and a significant improvement in the accuracy of fatigue life prediction has been
achieved using the new methodology.General Electric (Aviation)
Airforce Office of Scientific Research
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Bulusu, Prashant. "Rolling contact fatigue predictions based on elastic-plastic finite element stress analysis and multiaxial fatigue /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1437664.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006."August, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-45). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Mustafa, Zaleha Binti. "Multiaxial fatigue characterization of self-reinforced polylactic acid-calcium phosphate composite." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3876/.
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The majority of failures of mechanical components are caused by fatigue. Unlike many conventional engineering components, implants in the body are subjected to complex multidirectional loading patterns, thus fatigue not only occurs under axial, fully or partly reversed loading, but also under torsional loading. The fatigue behaviours of self-reinforced poly lactide composite (PLA) of unidirectional PLA fibres in PLA matrix containing tricalcium phosphates (TCP), (PLA-PLA-TCP) produced via pre-pregging technique has been investigated. Quasi-static test results indicated that PLA-PLA-TCP is stronger in tension than in compression and torsion and is significantly influence by moulding temperature. Uniaxial fatigue testing at 37° C in saline solution established S-N (Wöhler) curves for both axial and torsional loading for two moulding temperatures (140°C and 150°C). Compression loading showed significant effect on the axial fatigue behaviour. Biaxial fatigue results showed that the addition of torsion to axial loading significantly reduced the fatigue life. Out-of-phase loading was less detrimental to the fatigue life than in-phase. Fatigue development was evaluated by reduction in secant modulus and increase in energy absorbed. The threshold number of cycles at which damage starts to accumulate in the composite was found to be load ratio and direction dependent. The effects of the degradation process in saline solution on the fatigue behaviour of the composite were also studied at 25% of the ultimate tensile and shear stresses. The specimens were immersed for 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks periods before testing. The results indicated that even though immersion in saline solution reduced the static and cyclic properties of the composite, it still had good strength retention and comparable to the cortical bone at the end of 20 weeks of degradation period. Microscopy examination on the fracture surface indicated that in uniaxial tension-compression fatigue, the failure was dominated by compression and failed via microbuckling mechanism. Biaxial fatigue failure was dominated by shear mechanisms with evidence of interfacial failure and fatigue striations.
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Poisson, Jean-Louis. "Détermination d'un critère de fatigue multiaxial appliqué à un élastomère synthétique." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780307.
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Les élastomères présentent une diversité d'utilisation et des caractéristiques mécaniques spécifiques (grandes déformations, comportement dissipatif, ...) qui en font une famille de matériaux très utilisés dans l'industrie. Lors de leur fonctionnement, les pièces réelles subissent des sollicitations complexes. Comprendre les phénomènes induits par la fatigue multiaxiale constitue ainsi un enjeu important dans la phase de conception industrielle. Le matériau utilisé au cours de cette étude est un polychloroprène (CR), fourni par la société Hutchinson et présent dans les poulies découpleuses. Celui-ci possède une réponse dissipative en grandes déformations. Son comportement est modélisé à partir de lois de comportements viscohyperélastiques suivant deux approches : une méthode analytique impliquant un calcul simple en un point d'un cylindre et l'autre utilisant un calcul éléments finis implémenté dans ANSYS. Une campagne expérimentale en fatigue multiaxiale est alors réalisée, en traction-torsion afin de tester l'énergie dissipée comme critère de fatigue multiaxial. Celui-ci présente des résultats intéressants. Des diagramme de Haigh ont été établis afin de mettre en évidence le phénomène de cristallisation. Des analyses post-mortem ont été menés avec un microscope électronique à balayage et expose des spécificités morphologiques liées à la sollicitation vue par le matériau.
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Sum, Wei Siang. "FE-based multiaxial fatigue life prediction of spline couplings undergoing fretting." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420357.
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GONCALVES, ROBERTA AMORIM DE MAGALHAES MONTEIRO. "CONTRIBUTION IN THE USEFUL LIFE EVALUATION OF CRANKSHAFT UNDER MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36348@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
As previsões de falhas por fadiga tornam-se críticas sob condições multiaxiais de carregamento, uma vez que a complexidade do estado de tensões requer uma análise com base em modelos mais avançados do que aqueles adotados para carregamentos uniaxiais. Neste contexto, alguns critérios foram desenvolvidos para tentar prever a falha de componentes submetidos a carregamentos cíclicos multiaxiais. Um exemplo de componente mecânico sujeito a fadiga multiaxial quando em serviço são os eixos virabrequim de unidades geradoras de plantas termoelétricas. Usualmente projetados segundo o critério de Findley, falhas recentes de eixos virabrequim ocorridas no parque termoelétrico nacional, tem provocado o questionamento da eficiência de tal critério. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade de seis modelos (Papadopoulos, Findley, Matake, McDiarmid, Carpinteri e Spagnoli e Liu e Mahadevan) de fadiga multiaxial de alto ciclo, baseados no plano crítico, para prever a falha de eixos virabrequim de unidades geradoras. Para aplicação dos modelos, adotaram-se diferentes parâmetros de carregamento (tensão média e defasagem de aplicação das tensões normais e cisalhantes) e propriedades de material (resistência à fadiga), partindo de valores encontrados na literatura. Observou-se uma divergência entre os resultados de cada modelo estudado, sendo uns mais conservadores do que os outros, em função do carregamento e propriedades do material. Entretanto, o modelo de Papadopoulos, com base na facilidade de aplicação e sensibilidade de previsão da falha, mostrou-se mais adequado.
The fatigue failure prediction becomes critical under multiaxial loading conditions, since the complexity of the stress state requires analysis based on models more advanced than those adopted for uniaxial loads. In this context, some criteria were developed in an attempt to predict the failure of components subjected to multiaxial cyclic loads. An example of mechanical component subject to multiaxial fatigue is the crankshaft of thermoelectric plants. It is usually projected according to the Findley criterion. However, recent failures of crankshafts occurring in the national thermoelectric park, put on doubt the efficiency of such criterion. In this way, the present study aimed to analyze the applicability of six models (Papadopoulos, Findley, Matake, McDiarmid, Carpinteri e Spagnoli and Liu e Mahadevan) of high cycle multiaxial fatigue, based on the critical plane, to predict failure on crankshaft of generating units. For the models application, different loading parameters (medium stress and out-of-phase stresses) and material properties (fatigue limit) were adopted, starting from values found in the literature. A divergence between the results of each model was observed, some of them were more conservative than the others, depending on the loading and material s properties. However, the Papadopoulos model, based on easy application and failure prediction sensitivity, proved to be more suitable than the others.
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Nasr, Anouar. "Fiabilité en fatigue polycyclique des matériaux à défaut sous chargement multiaxial." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESMA0020.
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L'amorçage en fatigue des composants mécaniques se produit souvent au niveau des défauts très proches des surfaces. Ces défauts sont souvent dus aux modes d'élaboration des matériaux tels que le moulage et le laminage. Ils peuvent exister dans divers matériaux : les fontes à graphite sphéroïdale, les aciers, les alliages d'aluminium, etc. Même, si les technologies et les moyens actuels permettent une bonne optimisation des procédés d'élaboration, l'existence de ces défauts ne peut pas être complètement évitée. Ils peuvent être de différentes natures, le plus souvent: des retassures, des soufflures et des inclusions. Ils ont différentes formes (sphérique dans le cas d'une porosité et complexe dans le cas d'une retassure) et des tailles très variables : de quelques micromètres à quelques millimètres près. Il a été clairement observé, lors des essais de fatigue, que les défauts localisés en surface sont plus dangereux que ceux situés au cœur du matériau. De même, il s'est avéré que la plage de variation et la distribution statistique des tailles des défauts sont des paramètres influant sur la tenue en fatigue des matériaux à défautsIn many casting mechanical components, the fatigue microcracks initiate from surface defects. The process conditions and technology are being improved but they still cannot avoid these defects inherent to casting. Such defects were reported in different materials: cast irons, various steels and aluminium alloys. Different kinds of defects have been studied, namely, shrinkages, pores, inclusions and surface oxides. They have different shapes (spherical for the case of a pore and a complex 3D shape for shrinkage) and sizes (from several micromillimetres to millimetres ). It is well established that crack initiation occurs around the defect when components are submitted to multiaxial high cycle loading. For a given size, surface defects are much more harmful than those located in the bulk. The most influencing paérameters are the size and the distribution density of those defects
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Adams, Charles Edward. "Influence of the Biaxiality Ratio on Multiaxial Fatigue of Metallic Materials." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27247.
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The ability to model and predict multiaxial fatigue life without being too aggressive or conservative is of great interest to engineers. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the biaxiality ratio (?2/?1) on the multiaxial fatigue life of ductile metals. Fatigue models may exhibit significant variations in predicting the effect of the biaxiality ratio.
Two notch specimens with varying biaxiality ratios were machined and experimentally tested to check the validity of two different multiaxial fatigue models, an equivalent stress-based model (PSP) and a critical plane model (DP). The results indicated that a life benefit exists with an increasing biaxiality ratio, but that equivalent stress model can overpredict fatigue life with higher biaxiality ratios with no third principal stress present. A new critical plane model was proposed to account for secondary stresses in fatigue life prediction, and showed good experimental correlation with its theoretical fatigue life predictions.
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Roy, Alexander M. "Prediction of low and high cycle multiaxial fatigue of superelastic nitinol stents via uniaxial fatigue based equations." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527412.
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Mička, Jan. "Únavová životnost ocelových vzorků při axiálním, torzním a kombinovaném axiálně-torzním namáhání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241133.
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The master’s thesis deals with the fatigue life prediction under multiaxial cyclic loading. First, the fatigue process is discussed and the methods for fatigue life prediction under uniaxial and multiaxial loading are described. In the practical part, the accuracy of selected criteria is assessed based on experimental data obtained on cylindrical samples made of 1.2210 steel that were tested under synchronous symmetric axial-torsion loading. Application of criteria requires to determine the fatigue strength under pure axial and torsional loading.
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Shamsaei, Nima. "Multiaxial Fatigue and Deformation Including Non-proportional Hardening and Variable Amplitude Loading Effects." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1279760342.
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Gates, Nicholas R. "Fatigue Behavior under Multiaxial Stress States Including Notch Effects and Variable Amplitude Loading." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1469637495.
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Bäckström, Mika. "Multiaxial fatigue life assessment of welds based on nominal and hot spot stresses /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2003/P502.pdf.
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Maragoni, Lucio. "Influence of manufatcuring-induced defects on the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of composite materials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422888.
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In the present work, the influence of manufacturing-induced defects, and in particular porosity, on the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of composite materials was studied. Extended experimental campaigns showed that although voids do not modify the damage mechanisms at the micro-scale responsible for crack formation, they induce a much faster damage initiation and evolution, highlighting the need to account for their presence in the design of composite structures. A model was then proposed to predict fatigue crack formation in the presence of porosity from the behaviour of the void-free material, based on the local stresses in the material calculated via Representative Volume Elements (RVEs). Finally, a Monte-Carlo procedure was developed to predict crack density evolution during fatigue life in both void-free and porous laminates, obtaining predictions in very good agreement with experimental data.In questo lavoro si è studiato l’effetto di difetti indotti dal processo produttivo, ed in particolare della porosità, sul comportamento a fatica multiassiale di materiali compositi. Estese campagne sperimentali hanno mostrato che nonostante i vuoti non alterino i meccanismi di danno su scala microscopica che portano alla formazione di una cricca visibile, la loro presenza causa un innesco prematuro del danneggiamento ed una sua più rapida evoluzione, evidenziando quindi la necessità di tenere debitamente conto della difettologia del materiale in fase di progettazione. È stato quindi proposto un modello, basato sulle tensioni locali all’interno del materiale calcolate mediante Elementi Volumetrici Rappresentativi (RVEs), per prevedere la formazione di cricche a fatica in laminati porosi a partire dal comportamento del materiale “void-free”. Infine, si è sviluppata una procedura di tipo Monte-Carlo per prevedere l’evoluzione della densità di cricche durante la vita a fatica in laminati sia “void-free” che porosi, ottenendo previsioni in ottimo accordo con i dati sperimentali.
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Ma, Zepeng. "Fatigue models for life prediction of structures under multiaxial loading with variation in time and space." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX117/document.
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L'objet de ce travail est de proposer une approche multi-échelle de la fatigue fondée sur l'énergie, et susceptible d'estimer les durées de vie associées à des chargements multidimensionnels variables. Le fondement de la démarche consiste à supposer que l'énergie dissipée à petite échelle régit le comportement à la fatigue. À chaque point matériel, est associée une distribution stochastique de points faibles qui sont susceptibles de plastifier et de contribuer à la dissipation d'énergie sans affecter des contraintes macroscopiques globales. Ceci revient à adopter le paradigme de Dang Van en fatigue polycyclique. La structure est supposée élastique (ou adaptée) à l'échelle macroscopique. De plus, on adopte à l'échelle mésoscopique un comportement élastoplastique avec une dépendance de la fonction de charge plastique non seulement de la partie déviatorique des contraintes, mais aussi de la partie hydrostatique. On considère également un écrouissage cinématique linéaire sous l'hypothèse d'une plasticité associée. Au lieu d'utiliser le nombre de cycles comme variable incrémentale, le concept d'évolution temporelle du chargement est adopté pour un suivi précis de l'historique du chargement réel. L'effet de la contrainte moyenne est pris en compte dans la fonction de charge mésoscopique ; une loi de cumul non linéaire de dommage est également considérée dans le modèle. La durée de vie à la fatigue est ensuite déterminée à l'aide d'une loi de phénoménologique fondée sur la dissipation d'énergie mésoscopique issue du cycle d'accommodation plastique. La première partie du travail a porté sur une proposition d'un modèle de fatigie à gradient de mise en oeuvre plus simple que les précédents modèlesThe aim of this work is to propose a multi-scale approach to energy-based fatigue, which can estimate lifetimes associated with variable multidimensional loading. The foundation of the approach is to assume that the energy dissipated on a small scale governs the fatigue behavior. Each material point is associated to a stochastic distribution of weak points that are likely to plasticize and contribute to the dissipation of energy without affecting global macroscopic stresses. This amounts to adopting Dang Van's paradigm of high cycle fatigue. The structure is supposed to be elastic (or adapted) on a macroscopic scale. In addition, we adopt on the mesoscopic scale an elastoplastic behavior with a dependence of the plastic load function not only of the deviatoric part of the stresses, but also of the hydrostatic part. Linear kinematic hardening is also considered under the assumption of an associated plasticity. Instead of using the number of cycles as an incremental variable, the concept of temporal evolution of the load is adopted for a precise follow-up of the history of the actual loading. The effect of mean stress is taken into account in the mesoscopic yield function; a law of nonlinear accumulation of damage is also considered in the model. Fatigue life is then determined using a phenomenological law based on mesoscopic energy dissipation from the plastic accommodative cycle. The first part of the work focused on a proposal for a fatigue model with a simpler implementation gradient than the previous models
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Nadjitonon, Ngarmaïm. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'endommagement par fatigue." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017174.
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Le phénomène de défaillance par fatigue peut apparaitre à des niveaux de contraintes éloignés du seuil de dimensionnement statique de mécanique des milieux continus, tout simplement du fait que l'endommagement suit un processus complexe et de longue haleine. Disposer d'outils performants de prévision de durée de vie en fatigue est donc une nécessité de conception pour le dimensionnement des machines, composants, structures, par natures soumises à des sollicitations variables dans le temps, liée à leur utilisation en service. Pour contribuer à cet objectif nous nous sommes attachés à une conception concernant les outils les plus fréquemment utilisés pour ces prévisions en fatigue : les critères multiaxiaux de fatigue et les lois d'endommagement et de cumul en fatigue. La première partie du travail effectué a consisté en une étude de validité et d'analyse de nouveaux critères de fatigue multiaxiaux proposés depuis une dizaine d'années. Cette validité est comparée vis-à-vis de celle des critères implantés dans l'industrie. L'approche intégrale dont le principe est l'établissement du caractère endommageant d'un cycle multiaxial par la contribution des sollicitations présentes sur tous les plans physiques et non un seul comme le cas de l'approche " plan critique ", est la plus efficace en règle générale pour traduire correctement le comportement en fatigue sous chargement multiaxial. L'intégration d'une démarche probabiliste proposée permet d'associer la probabilité de survie aux résultats de calcul d'un critère. La seconde partie de cette thèse a conduit à proposer de nouveaux modèles différentiels d'endommagement permettant de retrouver, dans le cas d'un chargement d'amplitude constante, le formalisme classique des courbes S-N des matériaux (Wöhler, Basquin, Bastenaire et Stromeyer). L'influence de l'ordre d'apparition des cycles de contraintes, les valeurs moyennes, l'évolution non linéaire du dommage par fatigue sont ainsi prises en compte. Le problème de sensibilité du modèle et donc ses prévisions de durée de vie en fatigue uniaxiale d'amplitude variable, comme cela est rencontré dans le modèle de Chaboche, est ainsi écarté. La confrontation du modèle proposé pour les courbes S-N de Basquin et Bastenaire est prometteuse en terme de prévision de duré de vie. Une étude comparative par rapport à la loi de Miner, prise comme référence, avec celles proposée et de Mesmacque & Amrouche à donnée des résultats concluants pour les lois à évolution non linéaire.
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Brunac, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation numérique du comportement en fatigue des élastomères chargés de noir de carbone." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066511.
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Bonnen, John Joseph Francis. "Multiaxial fatigue response of normalized 1045 steel subjected to periodic overloads, experiments and analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0008/NQ38224.pdf.
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Johansson, Nils. "Estimation of fatigue life by using a cyclic plasticity model and multiaxial notch correction." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158095.
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Mechanical components often possess notches. These notches give rise to stress concentrations, which in turn increases the likelihood that the material will undergo yielding. The finite element method (FEM) can be used to calculate transient stress and strain to be used in fatigue analyses. However, since yielding occurs, an elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) must be performed. If the loading sequence to be analysed with respect to fatigue is long, the elastic-plastic FEA is often not a viable option because of its high computational requirements. In this thesis, a method that estimates the elastic-plastic stress and strain response as a result of input elastic stress and strain using plasticity modelling with the incremental Neuber rule has been derived and implemented. A numerical methodology to increase the accuracy when using the Neuber rule with cyclic loading has been proposed and validated for proportional loading. The results show fair albeit not ideal accuracy when compared to elastic-plastic finite element analysis. Different types of loading have been tested, including proportional and non-proportional as well as complex loadings with several load reversions. Based on the computed elastic-plastic stresses and strains, fatigue life is predicted by the critical plane method. Such a method has been reviewed, implemented and tested in this thesis. A comparison has been made between using a new damage parameter by Ince and an established damage parameter by Fatemi and Socie (FS). The implemented algorithm and damage parameters were evaluated by comparing the results of the program using either damage parameter to fatigue experiments of several different load cases, including non-proportional loading. The results are fairly accurate for both damage parameters, but the one by Ince tend to be slightly more accurate, if no fitted constant to use in the FS damage parameter can be obtained.
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Oba, Takeshi. "The fatigue behaviour of toughened epoxy polymers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11431.
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Fumes, Fabiano Gonzaga 1986. "Estudo comparativo entre critérios de fadiga multiaxial aplicados ao contato roda-trilho : A comparative study of multiaxial fatigue criteria applied to the wheel-rail contact." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265955.
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Orientador: Auteliano Antunes dos Santos JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a comparação entre os diversos critérios de fadiga multiaxial de alto ciclo aplicados ao problema de contato roda-trilho. Para isto, é utilizado um modelo elastoplástico tridimensional de elementos finitos capaz de permitir o cálculo tanto das tensões geradas pelo rolamento de uma roda livre de tensões residuais de fabricação como de uma roda que contenha as tensões residuais provenientes do processo de tratamento térmico, obtidas através de uma simulação térmico-estrutural. Estes dois cenários são avaliados segundo critérios de fadiga multiaxial baseados tanto em planos críticos, como Dang Van, Matake e McDiarmid, quanto nos baseados em invariantes do tensor de tensões, como Sines, Crossland e Kakuno Kawada. Pela natureza da fadiga de contato, que não possui condição de vida infinita, é estimado para cada critério um número de ciclos para o aparecimento das trincas. Como resultado, observa-se que para alguns critérios como Dang Van, Sines e Kakuno-Kawada, a vida em fadiga é beneficiada pelo processo de tratamento térmico, enquanto para os demais, as tensões residuais de fabricação provocam uma redução no número de ciclos para o aparecimento das trincas
Abstract: This work presents a comparison of different high cycle multiaxial fatigue criteria, applied to wheel- rail contact. For this, it is used a three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element model able to calculate stresses generated by the rolling of a wheel free of residual stresses from manufacturing process and also by a wheel containing the residual stresses from heat treatment process, generated by a thermal-structural simulation. These two scenarios are evaluated according to multiaxial fatigue criteria based on critical planes, as Dang Van, Matake and McDiarmid, and also based on the invariants of the stress tensor, as Sines, Crossland and Kakuno Kawada. Due to the nature of rolling contact fatigue, which has no condition of infinite life, a number of cycles for crack appearance are estimated for each criterion. It can be notice that for some criteria, such as Dang Van, Sines and Kakuno-Kawada, fatigue life is benefited by the heat treatment process, while for others the residual stresses from manufacturing promote a reduction in the number of cycles
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Perez, Romero Roberto, and Ramirez Alvaro Lazuen. "Analysis of rubber adhesive : FE simulation of damage propagation over rubber adhesive under fatigue in mixed-mode loading." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10522.
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This thesis refers to a simulation of an adhesive joint used to bond two metal sheets of a component of the side skirt bracket implemented in trucks. The adhesive joint must support fatigue and mixed-mode loading. The principal goal is the implementation of a novel material model, which governs the damage produced by a mixed-mode fatigue loading in a rubber adhesive layer. Two approaches to define the material model are implemented: the filament model and the principal strain model. The models are fitted against experiments, which have been performed parallel to the development of this thesis by the Mechanics of Materials (MoM) research group of the University of Skövde. The models incorporate fitting parameters with the aim of adjusting the models against experimental results. Simulations are performed using the Finite Element (FE) software, ABAQUS, and the material models are implemented using UMAT subroutines. The filament model is inaccurate and it is considered unable to model the mixed-mode behaviour of the adhesive joint. The principal strain model is considered a well-established method to define the damage and to predict the fatigue life of the adhesive under fatigue in mixed-mode loading.
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Berrehili, Abdelmoutalib. "Comportement cyclique et tenue en fatigue sous chargement multiaxial d'un polyéthylène : expériences et critère d'endurance." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517401.
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Le comportement en fatigue multiaxiale des polymères semi-cristallins non-renforcés est un sujet relativement peu abordé, en particulier du point de vue de la fatigue à grand nombre de cycles et de la formulation de critères d'endurance. Cette étude sur le polyéthylène haute densité avait deux objectifs : (i) caractériser la tenue en fatigue multiaxiale et formuler un critère d'endurance et (ii) comprendre les facteurs d'influence du comportement cyclé pour tenter d'identifier le(s) grandeur(s) critique(s) ou cumul(s) de grandeur(s) qui amènent à la fin de vie de l'éprouvette. Des essais de fatigue multiaxiaux (traction, torsion, compression) ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes tubulaires minces en PEHD, avec une fréquence constante, une forme d'onde triangulaire et différents rapports de charge R (0, -1 et -\infty). L'auto-échauffement de l'éprouvette a été réduit au minimum par la conception d'une enceinte thermique et les résultats ont été interprétés dans un cadre d'hypothèse isotherme pour la construction du critère. Un critère de fin de vie a été défini préalablement puisque la fin de vie de l'éprouvette intervient par une localisation macroscopique de la déformation. Il est basé sur la détection du début de l'adoucissement observé sur la cinétique de la déformation maximale. Ce critère est applicable à l'ensemble des conditions de sollicitation explorées, c'est-à-dire pour les trois trajets de chargement et les deux rapports de charge. Sur la base de ce critère de fin de vie, des courbes S-N ont pu être construites et un critère de fatigue a été proposé pour décrire le comportement en fatigue multiaxiale. Ce critère est construit en combinant les valeurs moyennes et maximales du deuxième invariant de la partie déviatorique du tenseur des contraintes. Il a été confronté à d'autres critères usuels, en contraintes principales notamment. Le critère proposé semble garder sa pertinence en l'appliquant sur un autre thermoplastique (Polypropylène), mais sa validité doit être confortée pour d'autres situations de chargement (essais combinés, rapports de charge plus élevés, autre gamme de fréquence, autres formes d'ondes...). Quelques aspects généraux ont été finalement discutés quant à la façon de caractériser la tenue en fatigue de ces matériaux : choix de la fréquence, analyse en vitesse de chargement, opportunité des méthodes accélérées d'auto-échauffement. Dans ce domaine de sollicitations, le second objectif était d'analyser les contributions viscoélastique, viscoplastique, d'endommagement sur l'évolution de la réponse cyclique conduisant à la fin de vie. Pour cela, les évolutions de température, de déformations, de forme des boucles d'hystérésis ont d'abord été examinées dans un cadre large (sollicitations multiaxiales, gamme de fréquences et de rapports de charge, conditions d'échanges thermiques). La dépendance en vitesse et les recouvrances menées après différents nombres de cycles indiquent qu'une part importante de la déformation générée au cours du cyclage est recouvrable, et font apparaître une contribution croissante mais mineure de la plasticité et/ou de l'endommagement au cours du cyclage. En conséquence, deux effets liés à la viscoélasticité ont été étudiés : le rôle du fluage sous l'effet de la contrainte moyenne et l'influence de l'histoire du chargement. Dans les conditions choisies, le cyclage a un effet accélérateur sur la déformation par rapport au fluage sous la même contrainte moyenne, mais l'histoire du chargement ne semble pas modifier notablement les mécanismes et en particulier la part de déformation plastique.
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Liao, Kin. "Tensile and uniaxial/multiaxial fatigue behavior of ceramic matrix composites at ambient and elevated temperatures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40047.
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Increasing use of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC's) materials is needed, especially for hostile environments such as elevated temperatures. However, some fundamental issues regarding how these materials should be made for optimized performance are far from being settled. This study focuses on the modeling of the tensile behavior of unidirectional CMC using statistical methods and micro-mechanical analysis, based on laboratory observations. The model can be used to examine the effect of performance-influencing parameters on the strength of unidirectional CMC, thus shed light on how such material should be put together. The tensile strength model was then modified such that the behavior of unidirectioal CMC under cyclic tensile load can be studied. Results from the tensile strength model suggest that the Weibull modulus, m, of the strength of the reinforcing fibers and the fiber/matrix interfacial shear stress both have significant effect on the strength and toughness of the unidirectional composite: a higher m value and a lower interfacial shear stress result in a lower strength; a lower value of m and a higher interfacial shear stress results in a higher strength but lower toughness. Calculations from the tensile fatigue model suggest that a lower m value results in a longer fatigue life.Ph. D.
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Raoult, Ida. "Structures élastomères sous chargement cyclique : comportement, fatigue, durée de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521633.
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L'industrie automobile utilise de nombreuses pièces en caoutchouc aux fonctions antivibratoires, dont il faut garantir la tenue en service. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer une méthode pour prévoir la durée de vie en fatigue d'une structure en caoutchouc naturel chargé au noir de carbone. La démarche proposée consiste à découpler l'évolution du comportement mécanique et l'endommagement sous chargement cyclique. On suppose qu'il existe un cycle stabilisé et que la durée de vie, définie comme l'amorçage d'une fissure détectable, ne dépend que des grandeurs mécaniques évaluées sur celui-ci. Les élastomères soumis à un chargement cyclique présentent un adoucissement associé à l'effet Mullins, qui se produit surtout pendant les premiers cycles, après lesquels la réponse du matériau reste identique. On propose un modèle capable de décrire cette réponse stabilisée, ne dépendant que des variables mécaniques en régime établi. Ses paramètres sont les élongations maximales dans un nombre fini de directions matérielles, de façon à décrire l'anisotropie induite par l'effet Mullins. Ce modèle est ensuite utilisé pour analyser un grand nombre d'essais d'endurance uniaxiaux et multiaxiaux, réalisés sur éprouvettes axisymétriques. On montre qu'il permet de prendre en compte efficacement l'influence du type de contrôle ou d'une précharge. L'analyse des essais multiaxiaux ne mettant pas en jeu de renforcement, c'est-à-dire passant par l'état de déformation nul, montre que la contrainte principale maximale est suffisante pour représenter tous les cas de chargement, à l'exception de ceux qui font intervenir des phénomènes de cumul multi-plans. On propose alors une loi de cumul d'endommagement pour représenter ce type de chargement.
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Attari, Nordine. "Etude en fatigue oligocyclique multiaxiale d'un alliage de magnésium GA3Z1." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL010N.
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L'étude est basée sur le comportement en fatigue oligocyclique multiaxiale du magnésium GA3Z1. Les essais ont été menés en traction-compression, en torsion alternée et en traction-torsion en phase. La réponse du matériau à la sollicitation mécanique a montré des différences importantes. En traction compression, les boucles d'hystérésis sont dissymétriques et la loi d'endurance plastique présente un changement de pente. Les analyses en microscopie optique et en texture ont montrées que ces phénomènes sont dus à la contribution du maclage sur la déformation plastique ; le maclage n'étant favorable qu'en compression. L’interaction glissement-maclage est par ailleurs à l'origine d'une contrainte moyenne de traction durant le cyclage. Ces effets n'ont pas été observés dans les autres types de chargement. Du point de vue quantitatif, l'application des modèles multiaxiaux ne permet pas d'obtenir une bonne corrélation des données expérimentales. L'utilisation de nouveaux paramètres caractéristiques de l'endommagement est ainsi proposée
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Melnikov, Alexei. "Damage and Fatigue in Cross-Linked Rubbers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1280198428.
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Ningre, Corado. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique cyclique multiaxial par une approche multisurface dans l'espace des déformations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI053.
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Ce travail concerne l’étude théorique, numérique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique élastoplastique en chargements cycliques complexes multiaxiaux de matériaux métalliques. Le comportement élastoplastique est décrit par modèle multisurface, avec une prise en compte des grandes transformations. Ce modèle est écrit dans l’espace multidimensionnel d’Ilyushin des déformations, de dimension 5. La modélisation qui en résulte permet de décrire le comportement multiaxial des matériaux métalliques, en chargements cycliques complexes, notamment non proportionnels, avec une prise en compte des déformations finies, de l’irréversibilité indépendante du temps, des effets secondaires cumulés (effet Poynting-Swift) et des effets d’écrouissage cyclique. Le modèle ainsi développé a été implémenté dans un code commercial de calcul par éléments finis, afin de produire un outil opérationnel de calcul des structures telles que les équipements mécaniques et les composants internes des centrales hydroélectriques (turbines, alternateur…). Le modèle proposé a été validé par confrontation à des résultats d’essais biaxiaux de traction-torsion combinées, réalisés sur un acier inoxydable. Ce modèle a été complété par une analyse énergétique et thermodynamique qui permet la mise en place, à terme, d’une approche énergétique pertinente pour le suivi de l’endommagement par fatigue. Dans le cadre de ce travail, cette approche a été illustrée par la proposition d’un critère de fatigue, validé par la comparaison de ses prédictions à celles d’autres critères de fatigue classiques, proposés dans la littératureThis work deals with the theoretical, numerical and experimental study of the elastoplastic mechanical behavior of metallic materials in complex multiaxial cyclic loadings. The elastoplastic behavior is described by a multisurface model, within the finite strain theory. This model is written in the five-dimensional Ilyushin strain space. The resulting model is capable of describing the multiaxial behavior of metallic materials, in complex cyclic loadings, in particular non-proportional, taking into account finite strain, time-independent irreversibility, cumulative second order effects (Poynting-Swift effect) and cyclic hardening. The model has been implemented in a commercial finite element calculation code, in order to produce an operational tool for calculating structures such as mechanical equipment and internal components of hydroelectric power plants (turbines, alternators, etc.). The proposed model was validated by comparison with combined tensile-torsion biaxial test results obtained on stainless steel. This model has been completed by an energy and thermodynamic analysis that allows the implementation of a relevant energy approach for the monitoring of fatigue damage. As part of this work, this approach was illustrated by the proposal of a fatigue criterion, validated by the comparison of its predictions with those of other classical fatigue criteria proposed in the literature
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ARGENCE, DIDIER. "Endommagements couples de fatigue et de fluage sous chargement multiaxial applique a un acier inoxydable austenitique." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0796.
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L'etude porte sur l'identification et la mesure des mecanismes d'endommagements couples de fatigue et de fluage sous chargement multiaxial de traction-torsion. Dans cette etude, nous nous interessons a l'endommagement present dans differents composants utilises pour la construction des centrales nucleaires de la filiere des surgenerateurs (phenix et superphenix). Ces composants sont soumis, au cours de leur duree d'exploitation, a des chargements multiaxiaux du type fatigue (endommagement transgranulaire) et fluage (endommagement intergranulaire). Pour prevoir leur duree de vie, l'essentiel des approches physiques decrites dans la litterature considere uniquement la propagation d'une seule fissure. Pour etre plus representatif des conditions reelles d'endommagement, nous proposons de prendre en compte non pas une fissure mais le comportement collectif d'une population de fissures. Cette approche possede deux avantages principaux. Elle permet, d'une part, de montrer l'influence de l'orientation de l'endommagement sur la duree de vie du materiau et, d'autre part, de traiter des interactions entre defauts. Pour etudier ces deux aspects, nous avons realise differents types d'essais mecaniques a haute temperature (650c) sur des eprouvettes tubulaires minces, soit : - des essais de fatigue continue et de fatigue-relaxation en traction-compression et en torsion, - des essais en sequence qui consistent a appliquer a une meme eprouvette deux chargements differes dans le temps. Dans la plupart des cas, il a ete montre que le cumul d'endommagement est fortement non lineaire et largement fonction de l'orientation des fissures de fatigue ou de fluage. Par ailleurs, nous avons pu suivre, de maniere quantitative, l'evolution de l'endommagement, a la surface des eprouvettes grace a la methode des repliques successives. Enfin, des etudes microstructurales ont ete realisees sur des eprouvettes soumises a des essais de fluage, certains de longue duree (27000 heures). L'ensemble des resultats obtenus nous a permis de developper un modele physique, a deux dimensions, de prevision de la duree de vie. Ce modele de type monte-carlo, base sur la simulation de l'endommagement, reproduit l'evolution des fissures pour differents essais mecaniques : fatigue continue, fatigue-relaxation et certains essais en sequence.
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Baumard, Thomas Louis Marie. "Investigation on fatigue failure in tyres." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24553.
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Tyres are highly engineered complex rubber composite products. They are constructed from a wide range of different materials in addition to the rubber. In different parts of the tyre's construction, the rubber elements are expected to perform different functions and as a consequence many different types of rubber are used, each of which will have its own specific detailed compound formulation. These different regions of a tyre's construction are joined together by different types of molecular bonding. This variety of materials introduces potential sources of failure both in the homogenous regions within the tyre's construction but also at the interfaces between them. This thesis investigates the crack growth resistance of the rubber materials used in different regions of a tyre's construction as well as the interfaces that are found between the different parts of the tyre. A fracture mechanics framework was used to investigate the fatigue behaviour of bulk rubber and some of the interfaces. The loading of a tyre is periodic in nature as a consequence of the wheel's rotation therefore the materials were characterised over a range of loading conditions. The effect of cyclical loading frequency on the fatigue behavior of the bulk rubber was also investigated. This work discovered that the amount of crack growth per cycle was comprised from two different crack growth contributions. The first is related to the steady tear which is related to the length of time the load is applied. The second resulted from additional damage caused by the repeated loading and unloading of the material. Potential reasons for this additional crack growth contribution are discussed. The interfacial fatigue properties between adjoining and potentially dissimilar rubber compounds were examined using a fatigue peeling experiment. A novel test piece geometry was developed to evaluate the fatigue properties of interfaces in tyres and it was also used to investigate how different processing parameters such as the pressure at the interface during vulcanisation alter the interfacial strength. A significant effect was observed and this was related to the different phenomena occurring when two rubbery polymers are brought into contact. Finally, a fracture mechanics approach was also used to derive the value of the tearing energy, the variable governing crack growth propagation in the rubber materials found in tyres, using submodelling technique in finite element analysis. The tearing energy values at different locations within a tyre were calculated and are shown not to exceed the minimum energy criteria for crack propagation under normal service conditions.
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Barros, Cainã Bemfica de. "Fatigue and cyclic plasticity of 304L stainless steel under axial, torsional and proportional axial-torsional loading." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31953.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2018.Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2018-05-07T18:41:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_CainãBemficadeBarros.pdf: 12251436 bytes, checksum: 876fa05cf00aed82da7e296be39eec5e (MD5)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
Os objetivos deste trabalho são investigar o comportamento tensão-deformação cíclico e a fadiga multiaxial do aço inoxidável 304L por meio de ensaios axiais, torsionais e axiais-torsionais proporcionais totalmente alternados controlados por deformação à temperatura ambiente e avaliar os modelos de fadiga do tipo plano crítico propostos por Smith, Watson e Topper (1970), e Fatemi e Socie (1988) em relação à previsão de vida à fadiga e à orientação das trincas macroscópicas. Corpos de prova tubulares com paredes finas usinados após o tratamento térmico de normalização foram submetidos a amplitudes de deformação equivalente de von Mises tais que 0,20% ≤ Δ/2 ≤ 1,00%. Devido à dependência da taxa de carregamento do comportamento tensão deformação do aço inoxidável 304L, todos os ensaios foram realizados com frequências (0,30-2,00 Hz) tais que a taxa de deformação equivalente de von Mises fosse igual a 10-2 s-1. Observou-se que o endurecimento secundário nos ensaios proporcionais só ocorreu para amplitudes de deformação equivalente Δ/2 ≥ 0,80% enquanto todos os ensaios axiais-torsionais apresentaram endurecimento secundário. Baseado na comparação entre os estados de tensão, concluiu-se que há falha por fadiga antes que o endurecimento secundário se torne significativo para os ensaios proporcionais cuja Δ/2 ≤ 0,60%. Observou-se um comportamento do tipo Masing para uma faixa de deformação axial Δ/2 ≤ 0,40% e torsional Δ/2 ≤ 0,61% para ensaios axiais, torsionais e proporcionais. A deformação equivalente de von Mises não pode ser usada como parâmetro limite para o comportamento Masing já que o ensaio proporcional cuja Δ/2 = 0,50% apresenta comportamento semelhante àquele de ensaios cuja Δ/2 ≤0,50%, o que não ocorre para o ensaio axial de mesma amplitude de deformação equivalente. Observou-se não proporcionalidade nos espaços das tensões desviadoras e das deformações plásticas para os ensaios proporcionais no espaço das deformações totais. No entanto, não se observou um aumento na amplitude de tensão destes ensaios quando comparados a ensaios axiais e torsionais, o que sugere que o endurecimento não proporcional está associado à não proporcionalidade no espaço das deformações totais. Não houve influência significativa do endurecimento secundário na análise de fadiga, já que não houve diferença significativa entre as estimativas de vida realizadas com constantes materiais obtidas de diferentes ciclos de referência para os dois modelos. Os modelos investigados previram a vida à fadiga com boa acurária, mas falharam em prever a orientação das trincas para todas as três histórias de deformação.
The goals of this work are to investigate the cyclic stress-strain behaviour and the multiaxial fatigue of the 304L stainless steel through fully reversed strain-controlled axial, torsional and proportional axial-torsional experiments at room temperature and to evaluate the critical plane fatigue models proposed by Smith, Watson and Topper (1970), and Fatemi and Socie (1988) regarding the fatigue life and the macroscopic fatigue crack orientation. Thin-walled tubular specimens machined after a normalization heat treatment were submitted equivalent von Mises strain amplitudes such that 0:20% "eq=2 1:00%. Due to the rate-dependent cyclic stressstrain behaviour of the 304L stainless steel, all experiments were performed with frequencies (0.30{2.00 Hz) such that the equivalent von Mises strain rate was equal to 102 s1. It was observed that the secondary hardening upon proportional loads occurred only for "eq=2 0:80%, whilst it occurred for all axial and torsional experiments. Based upon the comparison between stress states, it was concluded that fatigue failure occurs before the secondary hardening becomes important for proportional experiments whose "eq=2 0:60%. A Masing-type behaviour was observed for a range of axial strain "=2 0:40% and torsional strain sur=2 0:61% for axial, torsional and proportional experiments. The equivalent von Mises strain amplitude cannot be used as a threshold since the proportional experiment whose "eq=2 = 0:50% exhibits a behaviour similar to experiments whose "eq=2 < 0:50%, which does not occur for the axial experiment with the same equivalent strain amplitude. non-proportionality upon deviatoric stress and plastic strain spaces was observed for proportional experiments upon total strain space. Nonetheless, an increase in stress amplitude was not observed for those experiments when compared to axial and torsional ones, which suggests that non-proportional hardening is related to non-proportionality upon the total strain space. There was no signi cant inuence of secondary hardening upon fatigue analysis since there was no signi cant di erence between life predictions generated from material constants obtained from di erent reference cycles for both models. The investigated models predicted accurately fatigue life, but failed to predict crack orientation for all the three strain histories.
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Giordani, Felipe André. "Estudo de metodologias para medir a vida em fadiga multiaxial não proporcional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/118864.
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É conhecida ao longo da história da humanidade a grande quantidade de acidentes vinculados à ação de cargas cíclicas. Há mais de 100 anos, metodologias levam em conta o fenômeno de fadiga em projetos de novos componentes. As metodologias existentes para avaliar a vida em fadiga são empíricas e têm sido aplicadas com sucesso na determinação da vida do componente em fadiga quando o mesmo é submetido a carregamento uniaxial ou a carregamento multiaxial proporcional. Mas a evidencia experimental tem mostrado que quando a solicitação é multiaxial e não proporcional, as leis antes mencionadas deixam de ser adequadas. Dessa forma os critérios clássicos utilizados não preveem corretamente a vida do componente. Neste contexto o presente trabalho avalia algumas das metodologias de fadiga multiaxial não proporcionais disponíveis na bibliografia especializada. Os resultados obtidos com estes métodos são comparados entre sim e com os resultados obtidos utilizando a metodologia de fadiga multiaxial proporcional. Para comparar as metodologias citadas é apresentado um exemplo de solicitação simples, e também a análise do componente de uma máquina agrícola solicitada por um histórico de tensões típicas, obtida a partir do teste da máquina em campo. Finalmente são apresentadas as conclusões sobre as metodologias utilizadas e sobre a importância de levar em conta a não proporcionalidade de um estado de tensões multiaxial oscilantes.It is known throughout human history the large amount of accidents linked to action of cyclic loading. For over 100 years, methodologies take into account the fatigue phenomenon of new components projects. Existing methodologies for assessing the fatigue life are empirical and have been successfully applied in the determination of fatigue life of the component when it is subjected to uniaxial loading or proportional multiaxial loading. But the experimental evidence has shown that when the request is multiaxial and not proportional, the laws mentioned above are no longer adequate. Thus the classical criteria used not correctly predict component life. In this context, this paper analyzes some of the methodologies of multiaxial fatigue non proportionate available in the relevant literature. The results obtained with these methods are compared with the results so obtained and using the proportional multiaxial fatigue methodology. To compare the methods mentioned is an example of simple request, and also the analysis component of an agricultural machine requested by a history of typical strains, obtained from the machine field testing on a test track. Finally conclusions on the methodologies used and the importance of taking into account the non-proportionality of a state of oscillating multiaxial stresses are presented.
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Malek, Benaïssa. "Etude et modélisation du comportement en fatigue de l'alliage d'Aluminium 2618 anodisé soumis à des chargements multiaxiaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30016.
Full textAbstract:
Les alliages d’aluminium anodisés sont largement utilisés dans la construction aéronautique en raison de leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques, leur résistance à la corrosion et leur faible densité. Cependant, le processus d’anodisation conduit souvent à une réduction de la résistance en fatigue. De plus, les pièces sont généralement soumises à des sollicitations multiaxiales en service et il apparaît donc nécessaire d’étudier, non seulement l’effet de l’anodisation, mais également de le corréler à la nature du chargement.L’objectif de la thèse est donc d’identifier et de caractériser les différents mécanismes impliqués dans l’effet de l’anodisation de l’alliage 2618-T851 sur sa tenue en fatigue et de déterminer l’impact de la nature du chargement. Dans un premier temps, des essais de fatigue uniaxiale en traction et torsion ont été effectués sur des éprouvettes à l’état brut présentant différentes rugosités de surface et sous différents rapports de contrainte. Il a été constaté que la rugosité de surface n’avait aucun effet quelle que soit la nature du chargement. En revanche, une contrainte moyenne normale ou de cisaillement non nulle réduit la durée de vie en fatigue. Les essais effectués sur les éprouvettes décapées, anodisées, imprégnées et finalement colmatées ont montré qu’en traction, l’abattement de la durée de vie est dû principalement à l’étape d’oxydation anodique. Par contre, en torsion, la tenue en fatigue de l’alliage n’est pas sensible au processus d’anodisation.Ensuite, le matériau a été étudié en fatigue multiaxiale, en traction-torsion sous différents rapports de contrainte et différents angles de déphasage à l’état usiné et anodisé. Nous avons constaté que l’anodisation a un effet néfaste comme dans le cas de la traction pure et que le matériau n’est pas sensible au déphasage quel que soit le rapport d’amplitude de contrainte. L’alliage a été étudié sous chargements multiaxiaux intégrant la pression interne pour analyser le comportement en fatigue de l’alliage sous ce type de chargement. L’analyse des faciès de rupture a montré qu’en général, nous retrouvons un amorçage de fissures à partir de particules intermétalliques Al9FeNi avec la présence d’un site unique pour l’alliage à l’état brut d’usinage et un amorçage à partir de la couche d’oxyde avec la présence de multi-sites dans le cas des éprouvettes anodisées.Concernant les prévisions de la durée de vie, nous avons utilisé différentes approches de type plan critique (Morel, Fatemi-Socie, Findley, Kluger et Macha) pour prédire les durées de vie sous différentes combinaisons de chargement. Finalement, un modèle inspiré du modèle de Kluger a été proposéAnodized aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft construction because of their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and low density. However, the anodizing process often leads to a reduction in fatigue strength. In addition, the parts are generally subjected to multiaxial fatigue loadings in service. Therefore, it is necessary to study, not only the effect of the anodization, but also to correlate it to the nature of the loading.The objective of the thesis is to identify and characterize the different mechanisms involved in the anodizing effect of the alloy 2618-T851 on the fatigue strength and to determine the impact of the nature of the loading. On the one hand, uniaxial tensile and torsional fatigue tests have been carried out on specimens in the bare state with different surface roughness levels and under different stress ratios. It was found that the surface roughness had no effect whatever the nature of the loading. On the other hand, a non-zero normal mean stress or mean shear stress reduces fatigue life.The tests carried out on pickled, anodized, impregnated and finally sealed specimens showed that, in tension, the reduction in fatigue life is mainly due to the anodic oxidation step. On the other hand, in torsion, the fatigue strength of the alloy is not sensitive to the anodizing process. Then, the material was studied in multiaxial fatigue, tensile-torsion under different stress ratios and different phase angles in the machined and anodized state. We have found that anodizing has a detrimental effect as in the case of pure tension and that the material is not sensitive to phase angle whatever the stress amplitude ratio. The alloy has been studied under multiaxial loadings integrating the internal pressure to analyze the fatigue behavior of the alloy under this type of loading. Surface fracture analysis has shown that, in general, cracks initiated from Al9FeNi intermetallic particles with the presence of a single site for the alloy in the bare state and from the oxide layer with the presence of multi-sites in the case of anodized specimens. For life-time predictions, we have used different critical-plane approaches (Morel, Fatemi-Socie, Findley, Kluger and Macha) to predict fatigue life under different loading combinations. Finally, a model inspired by the Kluger model has been proposed