Journal articles: 'Multiaxia'

1

Wang, C. H., and M. W. Brown. "Life Prediction Techniques for Variable Amplitude Multiaxial Fatigue—Part 1: Theories." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806821.

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Fatigue life prediction under multiaxis random loading is an extremely complex and intractable topic; only a few methods have been proposed in the literature. In addition, experimental results under multiaxis random loading are also scarce. In part one of this two-part paper, a multiaxial non-proportional cycle counting method and fatigue damage calculation procedure are proposed, which is compared with one published damage-searching method. Both theories are based on critical plane concepts, one being an extension of the local strain approach for uniaxial variable amplitude loading and the other employing a new counting algorithm for multiaxis random loading. In principle, these two methods can be considered as bounding solutions for fatigue damage accumulation under multiaxis random loading.

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2

Qin, Li Kun, Ling Xia Gao, and Hong Wei Song. "Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Multiaxial Strength of Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2715.

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Mechanical properties experiments of concrete after 0, 25, 50 and 75 freeze-thaw cycles under uniaxial and multiaixial compression were carried out. The uniaxial and multiaxial compressive strengths of ordinary concrete after freeze-thaw cycles were measured. According to the experiment results, the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the ultimate compressive and tensile strength was analyzed systematically. The influence law of freeze-thaw cycles on compressive strength of concrete under multiaxial compression was obtained. The results indicate that the compressive strength of ordinary concrete after freeze-thaw cycles under multiaxial compression is higher than that under uniaxial compression, and the degree of improvement is depended on its stress ratio. This conclusion can propose theoretical foundation for design of concrete structures in cold environment

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Ozdemir, Huseyin, and Kadir Bilisik. "Experimental Study on Angular Flexural Performance of Multiaxis Three Dimensional (3D) Polymeric Carbon Fiber/Cementitious Concretes." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183073.

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Multiaxis three-dimensional (3D) continuous polymeric carbon fiber/cementitious concretes were introduced. Their angular (off-axis) flexural properties were experimentally studied. It was found that the placement of the continuous carbon fibers and their in-plane angular orientations in the pristine concrete noticeably influenced the angular flexural strength and the energy absorption behavior of the multiaxis 3D concrete composite. The off-axis flexural strength of the uniaxial (C-1D-(0°)), biaxial (C-2D-(0°), and C-2D-(90°)), and multiaxial (C-4D-(0°), C-4D-(+45°) and C-4D-(−45°)) concrete composites were outstandingly higher (from 36.84 to 272.43%) than the neat concrete. Their energy absorption capacities were superior compared to the neat concrete. Fractured four directional polymeric carbon fiber/cementitious matrix concretes limited brittle matrix failure and a broom-like fracture phenomenon on the filament bundles, filament-matrix debonding and splitting, and minor filament entanglement. Multiaxis 3D polymeric carbon fiber concrete, especially the C-4D structure, controlled the crack phenomena and was considered a damage-tolerant material compared to the neat concrete.

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Ozdemir, Huseyin, and Kadir Bilisik. "Off-Axis Flexural Properties of Multiaxis 3D Basalt Fiber Preform/Cementitious Concretes: Experimental Study." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112713.

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Multiaxis three-dimensional (3D) continuous basalt fiber/cementitious concretes were manufactured. The novelty of the study was that the non-interlace preform structures were multiaxially created by placing all continious filamentary bundles in the in-plane direction of the preform via developed flat winding-molding method to improve the fracture toughness of the concrete composite. Principle and off-axis flexural properties of multiaxis three-dimensional (3D) continuous basalt fiber/cementitious concretes were experimentally studied. It was identified that the principle and off-axis flexural load-bearing, flexural strength and the toughness properties of the multiaxis 3D basalt concrete were extraordinarily affected by the continuous basalt filament bundle orientations and placement in the pristine concrete. The principle and off-axis flexural strength and energy absorption performance of the uniaxial (B-1D-(0°)), biaxial ((B-2D-(0°), B-2D-(90°) and B-2D-(+45°)), and multiaxial (B-4D-(0°), B-4D-(+45°) and B-4D-(−45°)) concrete composites were considerably greater compared to those of pristine concrete. Fractured four directional basalt concretes had regional breakages of the brittle cementitious matrix and broom-like damage features on the filaments, fiber-matrix debonding, intrafilament bundle splitting, and minor filament entanglement. Multiaxis 3D basalt concrete, particularly in the B-4D structure, controlled the crack phenomena and it was recognized as a more damage-tolerant material than the neat concrete.

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Camara, Aliou Badara, Fabienne Pennec, Emmanuel Laurans, Vincent Peyronnet, Jean-Louis Robert, and Abdelhamid Bouchaïr. "Influence du type de démarche de fatigue multiaxiale sur la prévision de durée de vie d’un assemblage boulonné." Matériaux & Techniques 106, no. 2 (2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2018038.

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Ce travail présente l’étude de l’évaluation de la durée de vie en fatigue d’un joint éclissé de rail en utilisant deux critères de fatigue multiaxiaux. Le premier critère, basé sur l’approche de type plan critique, est celui de Dang Van. C’est un critère largement utilisé pour les applications industrielles en France. Pour certaines conditions de chargement, en particulier lorsque la structure est soumise à des états de contraintes non proportionnels, l’approche plan critique ne fournit pas toujours une durée de vie conservative en fatigue. C’est la raison pour laquelle un autre critère, basé sur une approche différente de fatigue multiaxiale, a été implémenté et mis en œuvre. Le second critère relève de l’approche intégrale proposée par Zenner. Ces deux critères sont programmés sur le logiciel Matlab pour le calcul de la durée de vie en fatigue multiaxiale. Des différences significatives sont obtenues selon l’approche de fatigue multiaxiale utilisée.

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Chen, Xingqiao, Dongjian Zheng, Yongtao Liu, Xin Wu, Haifeng Jiang, and Jianchun Qiu. "Multiaxial Strength Criterion Model of Concrete Based on Random Forest." Mathematics 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010244.

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The concrete strength criterion is the basis of strength analysis and evaluation under a complex stress state. In this paper, a large number of multiaxial strength tests were carried out, and many mathematical expressions of strength criteria were proposed based on the geometric characteristics and the assumption of a convex function. However, the rationality of the assumption of a convex function limits the use of these strength criteria. In particular, misjudgment will occur near the failure curve surface. Therefore, this paper does not assume the shape function of the criterion in advance. By collecting experimental data and using a machine learning method, it proposes a method of hidden function of failure curve surface. Based on 777 groups of experimental data, the random forest (RF), the back propagation neural network (BP) and the radial basis neural network (RBF) models were used to analyze and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Subsequently, the results were compared with the Ottosen strength criterion, the Guo Wang strength criterion and the Drucker–Prager (DP) strength criterion. The results show that the consistency between the strength criterion model established by the machine learning algorithm (especially random forest) and the experimental data is higher than the convex function multiaxis strength criterion of the preset failure surface shape. Moreover, the physical significance is clearer, the deficiency of the convex function failure surface hypothesis is avoided and the established multiaxial strength criterion of concrete is more universal.

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Lu, Fucong, Kun Zhang, Yuhang Hou, and Zhiwen Wu. "Investigation on Temperature-Dependent Multiaxial Ratchetting of Polycarbonate by a Novel Experimental Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 13, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6577569.

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A novel method to heat the multiaxial hollow thin-wall specimen was proposed, where its gauge length section can be heated by the liquid (i.e., water) filled inside the specimen instead of the closed furnace. This method realizes the direct measurement of multiaxial strain on the surface of specimen at different temperatures by the noncontact digital image correlation. By utilizing the proposed method, the multiaxial stress-control cyclic tests were performed to investigate the multiaxial ratchetting of polycarbonate (PC) at different temperatures. It is found that the multiaxial ratchetting of PC depends greatly on the test temperatures and the multiaxial ratchetting strain increases with increasing the test temperature. The temperature-dependent multiaxial ratchetting is also influenced by valley stresses. The unrecoverable part of deformation in the multiaxial ratchetting strain increases with increasing temperature.

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8

Wang, Lei, Wu Zhen Li, and Tian Zhong Sui. "Review of Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction Technology under Complex Loading." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.283.

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The research on multiaxial fatigue life prediction methods is reviewed in the present paper from two aspects of experiment and theory. It is pointed out that the reasonable methods of the critical plane determining, multiaxial cycle counting and multiaxial fatigue damage parameter fixing are necessary if the fatigue life prediction models established under the multiaxial constant amplitude loading were applied to the life prediction of the complex multiaxial load. The shortcomings of existing researches are discussed. In the aspect of experiment, it is devoid of the multiaxial fatigue test that the loading components acted with different frequencies, and in the aspect of theory, the additional hardening effect of the multiaxial out-of-frequency loading is not considered. Both in the theoretical research and practical engineering applications, the problem of the out-of-frequency multiaxial loading is a pressing issue.

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9

Shirafuji, Nakao, Kenji Shimomizuki, Masao Sakane, and Masateru Ohnami. "Tension-Torsion Multiaxial Low Cycle Fatigue of Mar-M247LC Directionally Solidified Superalloy at Elevated Temperature." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806838.

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This paper studies the high temperature multiaxial low cycle fatigue of Mar-M247LC directionally solidified superalloy. Tension-torsion multiaxial low cycle fatigue tests were carried out using Mar-M247LC tubular specimens at 1173K in air. Several multiaxial strain and stress parameters were applied to the experimental data to examine the suitability of the parameters. All the multiaxial strain parameters proposed so far could not successfully correlate the multiaxial low cycle fatigue data of the directionally solidified superalloy, but the maximum principal stress and the equivalent stress based on crack opening displacement could correlate the data within a small scatter. This paper proposes a new multiaxial strain parameter which takes account of the anisotropy of elastic constant of directionally solidified superalloys. The proposed strain parameter correlates the multiaxial low cycle fatigue data within a factor of two scatter band. This paper also describes the crack mode and cyclic constitutive relation of the superalloy in connection with the anisotropy of the elastic constant.

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10

Bercelli, Lorenzo, Cédric Doudard, and Sylvain Moyne. "Taking into account the non-proportional loading effect on high cycle fatigue life predictions obtained by invariant-based approaches." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930012003.

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Industrial structures are often subjected to multiaxial fatigue loadings. If the multiple stress signals are not synced the loading is said to be non-proportional. Most of the multiaxial fatigue criteria give highly inaccurate lifetime predictions when used in the case of such loadings. The scalar equivalent stress defined by the criteria does not take into account the non-proportional nature of the multiaxial loading and leads to non-conservative predictions. Moreover a multiaxial fatigue criterion can only be applied on a stress cycle which has no clear definition when multiple unsynced signals are to be considered. This study addresses these issues by proposing a correction of an invariant based multiaxial fatigue criterion through the definition of a non-proportional degree indicator. A definition of multiaxial cycle is also given based on the Wang-Brown method. Finally a complete chain of invariant based lifetime prediction for non-proportional multiaxial fatigue is validated.

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11

Nakaminami, Masamitsu, Tsutomu Tokuma, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Keiichi Nakamoto. "Optimal Structure Design Methodology for Compound Multiaxis Machine Tools - I - Analysis of Requirements and Specifications -." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2007): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0078.

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The functionality of compound multiaxis machine tools is becoming increasingly versatile as NC lathes evolve. A single compound multiaxis machine tool functions as a 2-axis NC lathe and as a 5 axis machining center. The compound multiaxis machine tool executes machining such as inclined surface and gear cutting, conventionally executed by dedicated machines with special jigs and fixtures. A survey has shown that most machining executed by conventional compound multiaxis machine tools consists of basic drilling and milling on the orthogonal plane, indicating that compound multiaxis machine tools specifications should be designed to meet these requirements. To improve competitiveness and return investment over conventional NC lathes and machining centers, productivity required for a compound multiaxis machine tool is derived based on the machining time of typical parts on conventional machines. Here, we address systematic analysis and methodology to determine compound multiaxis machine tool specifications from the viewpoints of quality and cost.

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12

Zhao, Er Nian, and Wei Lian Qu. "Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction of Metallic Materials Based on Critical Plane Method under Non-Proportional Loading." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.516.

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The critical plane method is widely discussed because of its effectiveness for predicting the multiaxial fatigue life prediction of metallic materials under the non-proportional loading conditions. The aim of the present paper is to give a comparison of the applicability of the critical plane methods on multiaxial fatigue life prediction. A total of 205 multiaxial fatigue test data of nine kinds of metallic materials under various strain paths are adopted for the experimental verification. Results shows that the von Mises effective strain parameter and KBM critical plane parameter can give well predicted fatigue lives for multiaxial proportional loading conditions, but give poor prediction lives evaluation for multiaxial non-proportional loading conditions. However, FS parameter shows better accuracy than the KBM parameter for multiaxial fatigue prediction for both proportional and non-proportional loading conditions.

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13

Stouffer, D. C., V. G. Ramaswamy, J. H. Laflen, R. H. Van Stone, and R. Williams. "A Constitutive Model for the Inelastic Multiaxial Response of Rene’ 80 at 871C and 982C." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903315.

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This paper contains an extension of the uniaxial state variable constitutive model of Ramaswamy et al. (1988) to the case of multiaxial loading. The correlation between uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions is achieved through the assumptions of material isotropy and conservation of inelastic volume. The multiaxial extension is based only on the material parameters evaluated from uniaxial loading. The research is accompanied by a multiaxial experimental program to evaluate the response of Rene’ 80 at 871°C and 982° C. Experiments in the program include torsion, proportional axial and torsion, and nonproportional loading. It was shown experimentally that there is no extra hardening from the multiaxial loading than results from uniaxial loading. Further, it is shown that the multiaxial model is successful in predicting the experimental results using only the parameters determined from the uniaxial experiments.

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Hiyoshi, Noritake, and Yoshihisa Iriyama. "Development of Tension-Torsion Multiaxial Creep Testing Apparatus for Heat Resisting Steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902015.

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This paper describes development of a combined tensiontorsion multiaxial creep testing apparatus for heat resisting steel. It is essential for high temperature component designing to investigate creep rupture life and creep properties of heat resisting steel. Although high temperature structural components undergo multiaxial stress damage due to complex loading situation or shape discontinuity of the actual structure, there is no commercial testing apparatus which can conduct a creep testing under multiaxial stress conditions. In this study, we developed a combined tension-torsion multiaxial creep testing apparatus which can apply multiaxial stress to a hollow cylinder type testing specimen with 6 kN axial load and 12 Nm torsional load at high temperatures. Since the testing apparatus also has measuring devices for axial and shear displacements of the specimen, relationship curve between testing time and equivalent strain under multiaxial stress conditions of type 304 stainless steel is also discussed.

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15

Kang, Tae Jin, and Cheol Kim. "Mechanical and Impact Properties of Composite Laminates Reinforced with Kevlar Multiaxial Warp Knit Fabrics." Engineering Plastics 5, no. 4 (January 1997): 147823919700500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919700500403.

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The mechanical and impact properties of multiaxial warp knit fabric reinforced composite laminates have been studied. Kevlar® fibre was used to fabricate the multiaxial warp knit structure for unidirectional reinforcing as well as stitching yarns. Tensile, flexural, short beam shear, and impact properties have been compared with those of woven laminated composites. The results showed that increased interlaminar shear strength is the main characteristic feature of the multiaxial warp knit composite compared with plain woven laminates. The interlaminar shear strength of multiaxial warp knit composites showed up to 52% increase compared with that of woven laminates composites. Also the delamination was retarded due to the increase in interlaminar shear strength of the multiaxial warp knit composites. It is shown that the through-the-thickness reinforcing loops resist any delamination. The tensile strength of the multiaxial warp knit composites increased by about 5–12% compared with the theoretical values computed from classical lamination theory. It is generally accepted that impact induced delamination area increases with the increase in the total absorbed impact energy in collisions with foreign objects. But the multiaxial warp knit composites showed that the total absorbed impact energy decreased with the increase in through-the-thickness reinforcement fibres. The multiaxial warp knit composites showed reduced vertical deformations compared with woven laminates, as the reinforcing loop density increased.

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Kang, Tae Jin, and Cheol Kim. "Mechanical and Impact Properties of Composite Laminates Reinforced with Kevlar Multiaxial Warp Knit Fabrics." Polymers and Polymer Composites 5, no. 4 (January 1997): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119700500403.

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The mechanical and impact properties of multiaxial warp knit fabric reinforced composite laminates have been studied. Kevlar® fibre was used to fabricate the multiaxial warp knit structure for unidirectional reinforcing as well as stitching yarns. Tensile, flexural, short beam shear, and impact properties have been compared with those of woven laminated composites. The results showed that increased interlaminar shear strength is the main characteristic feature of the multiaxial warp knit composite compared with plain woven laminates. The interlaminar shear strength of multiaxial warp knit composites showed up to 52% increase compared with that of woven laminates composites. Also the delamination was retarded due to the increase in interlaminar shear strength of the multiaxial warp knit composites. It is shown that the through-the-thickness reinforcing loops resist any delamination. The tensile strength of the multiaxial warp knit composites increased by about 5–12% compared with the theoretical values computed from classical lamination theory. It is generally accepted that impact induced delamination area increases with the increase in the total absorbed impact energy in collisions with foreign objects. But the multiaxial warp knit composites showed that the total absorbed impact energy decreased with the increase in through-the-thickness reinforcement fibres. The multiaxial warp knit composites showed reduced vertical deformations compared with woven laminates, as the reinforcing loop density increased.

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17

Shang, De Guang, Guo Qin Sun, Jing Deng, and Chu Liang Yan. "Multiaxial Fatigue Damage Models." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.747.

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Two multiaxial damage parameters are proposed in this paper. The proposed fatigue damage parameters do not include any weight constants, which can be used under either multiaxial proportional loading or non-proportional loading. On the basis of the research on the critical plane approach for the tension-torsion thin tubular multiaxial fatigue specimens, two multiaxial fatigue damage models are proposed by combining the maximum shear strain and the normal strain excursion between adjacent turning points of the maximum shear strain on the critical plane. The proposed multiaxial fatigue damage models are used to predict the fatigue lives of the tension-torsion thin tube, and the results show that a good agreement is demonstrated with experimental data.

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18

Poisson, J. L., S. Méo, F. Lacroix, G. Berton, and N. Ranganathan. "MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE CRITERIA APPLIED TO A POLYCHLOROPRENE RUBBER." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3672431.

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Abstract Due to their interesting mechanical behavior and their diversity, rubber materials are more and more used in industry. Indeed, formulating a multiaxial fatigue criterion to predict fatigue lives of rubber components constitutes an important objective to conceive rubber products. An experimental campaign is developed here to study the multiaxial fatigue behavior of polychloroprene rubber. To reproduce multiaxial solicitations, combined tension–torsion tests were carried out on a dumbbell-type specimen (an axisymmetric rubber part bonded to metal parts with a reduced section at mid-height), with several values of phase angles between tension and torsion. A constitutive model is needed to calculate multiaxial fatigue criteria, and then analyze fatigue results. A large strain viscoelastic model, based on the tension–torsion kinematics, is then used to determine the material's stress–strain law. Dissipated energy density is introduced as a multiaxial fatigue criterion, and compared with those usually used in the literature. A multiaxial Haigh diagram is then built to observe the influence of Rd-ratio (ratio of the axial displacement's minimum to the axial displacement's maximum) on the multiaxial fatigue lives of polychloroprene rubber.

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Lu, Chun, Jiliang Mo, Ruixue Sun, Yuanke Wu, and Zhiyong Fan. "Investigation into Multiaxial Character of Thermomechanical Fatigue Damage on High-Speed Railway Brake Disc." Vehicles 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3020018.

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The multiaxial character of high-speed railway brake disc thermomechanical fatigue damage is studied in this work. Although the amplitudes and distributions of temperature, strain and stress are similar with uniform and rotating loading methods, the multiaxial behavior and out-of-phase failure status can only be revealed by the latter one. With the help of a multiaxial fatigue model, fatigue damage evaluation and fatigue life prediction are implemented, the contribution of a uniaxial fatigue parameter, multiaxial fatigue parameter and out-of-phase failure parameter to the total damage is discussed, and it is found that using the amplitude and distribution of temperature, stress and strain for fatigue evaluation will lead to an underestimation of brake disc thermomechanical fatigue damage. The results indicate that the brake disc thermomechanical fatigue damage belongs to a type of multiaxial fatigue. Using a uniaxial fatigue parameter causes around 14% underestimation of fatigue damage, while employing a multiaxial fatigue parameter without the consideration of out-of-phase failure will lead to an underestimation of about 5%. This work explains the importance of studying the thermomechanical fatigue damage of the brake disc from the perspective of multiaxial fatigue.

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Kung, Ying-Shieh, Jin-Mu Lin, Yu-Jen Chen, and Hsin-Hung Chou. "ModelSim/Simulink Cosimulation and FPGA Realization of a Multiaxis Motion Controller." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202474.

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This paper is to implement a multiaxis servo controller and a motion trajectory planning within one chip. At first, SoPC (system on a programmable chip) technology which is composed of an Altera FPGA (field programmable gate arrays) chip and an embedded soft-core Nios II processor is taken as the development of a multiaxis motion control IC. The multiaxis motion control IC has two modules. The first module is Nios II processor which realizes the motion trajectory planning by software. It includes the step, circular, window, star, and helical motion trajectory. The second module presents a function of the multiaxis position/speed/current controller IP (intellectual property) by hardware. And VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is applied to describe the multiaxis servo controller behavior. Before the FPGA realization, a cosimulation work by ModelSim/Simulink is applied to test the VHDL code. Then, this IP combined by Nios II processor will be downloaded to FPGA. Therefore, a fully digital multiaxis motion controller can be realized by a single FPGA chip. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed multiaxis motion control IP, a three-axis motion platform (XYZtable) is constructed and some experimental results are presented.

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Margetin, Matus, and Dominik Biro. "Performance of chosen multiaxial cycle counting method under non-proportional multiaxial variable loading." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 16008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816516008.

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One of the most crucial tasks in fatigue life-time estimation of components loaded with multiaxial variable amplitude loading is to correctly identify loading cycles that can be used with multiaxial damage criterions. During past years, several cycle counting methods have been proposed for multiaxial loading conditions. The aim of this text is the comparison of selected multiaxial cycle counting methods, namely Wang-Brown’s method, Modified Wang-Brown’s method, Bannantine-Socie’s method and then a critical analysis of the obtained results. For the comparison of chosen methods, a new data set, consisting of experimentally obtained results from multiaxial non-proportional variable amplitude loading tests carried on by authors, has been used. The tested specimens were made from S355J0 structural steel and the testing procedure has been carried out on the MTS Axial/Torsion servo hydraulic testing machine. Findley and McDiarmid multiaxial criterion with Palgren-Miner summation rule have been used for fatigue life-time estimation of the tested specimens.

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Gao, Ganggang, Jianhui Liu, Xuebin Lu, and Rong Zhang. "A damage-based method to predict crack initiation lifetime of high-strength steel under proportional bending-torsional loadings." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 8 (August 2022): 168781322211184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221118479.

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The fatigue life of specimen consists of crack initiation and crack propagation life. As the fracture toughness of high strength steel is low, the specimen will fail soon once crack appears. Therefore, the crack initiation life of high strength steel is considered to be its whole life. Based on the evolution of material fatigue damage and the critical plane method commonly used in multiaxial fatigue strength theory, a crack initiation life prediction method for multiaxial specimens is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a uniaxial nonlinear fatigue damage evolution equation is proposed based on the principles of thermodynamics and continuous damage mechanics. Then, a theoretical calculation method for determining the critical plane under multiaxial load is proposed, and the specific calculation process is given. After the critical plane is determined, the multiaxial fatigue damage parameter is constructed from the normal strain amplitude and shear strain amplitude on the critical plane, and a multiaxial nonlinear fatigue damage evolution equation is proposed by replacing the uniaxial damage parameter using the multiaxial damage parameter. Finally, the crack initiation life of fatigue specimens is predicted by using the proposed multiaxial nonlinear fatigue damage evolution equation, and the multiaxial fatigue tests of Q690D steel under different bending-torsion ratios and different amplitudes are validated. The comparison results show that the prediction error of the proposed method is within the two-fold dispersion band and better than that of Manson-Coffin method.

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Sidorina, A. I. "MULTIAXIAL CARBON FABRICS IN THE PRODUCTS OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY (review)." Aviation Materials and Technologies, no. 3 (2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-3-105-116.

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The article considers the main advantages and disadvantages of application of multiaxial fabrics as reinforcing fillers for composite materials with a polymer matrix, and specifies the most common processing technologies of multiaxial fabrics into a composite material. The paper provides the information about the use of carbon multiaxial fabrics in the manufacture of structures for aircraft products by the example of the production of the Airbus A380 rear bulkhead and of the Airbus A400M upper cargo door. Brief characteristics of the world’s leading manufacturers of carbon fiber multiaxial fabrics for aircraft products are given.

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Wang, Lei, Tian Zhong Sui, and Qiu Cheng Tian. "Life Prediction and Verification under Multiaxial Fatigue Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.991.

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The strain change characteristics of multiaxial fatigue are analyzed under the condition of the combined tension and torsion loading for thin-tube specimen. Based on the principle of multiaxial critical plane approach, a multiaxial fatigue damage parameter is established, which takes account of the effect of not only the maximum shear strain amplitude and normal strain amplitude on the critical plane but also the parameter of non-proportionality. The non-proportionality is the function of loading parameters which is closely contact with the strain change characteristics of multiaxial fatigue and it can indicate the whole material damage. The experiments under the tension-torsion proportional and non-proportional loading were conducted to verify the multiaxial fatigue life model proposed in this paper. The life prediction has a good correlation with the experimental results.

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Liu, Jianhui, Xin Lv, Yaobing Wei, Xuemei Pan, Yifan Jin, and Youliang Wang. "A novel model for low-cycle multiaxial fatigue life prediction based on the critical plane-damage parameter." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042093622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420936220.

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Multiaxial fatigue of the components is a very complex behavior. This analyzes the multiaxial fatigue failure mechanism, reviews and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the classic model. The fatigue failure mechanism and fatigue life under multiaxial loading are derived through theoretical analysis and formulas, and finally verified with the results of multiaxial fatigue tests. The model of multiaxial fatigue life for low-cycle fatigue life prediction model not only improves the prediction accuracy of the classic model, but also considers the effects of non-proportional additional hardening phenomena and fatigue failure modes. The model is proved to be effective in low-cycle fatigue life prediction under different loading paths and types for different materials. Compared with the other three classical models, the proposed model has higher life prediction accuracy and good engineering applicability.

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Margetin, Matus, and Dominik Biro. "Multiaxial cycle counting method for non-proportional multiaxial variable loading signals based on modified maximal shear stress." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 17003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930017003.

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One of the most challenging task in field of multiaxial fatigue is fatigue lifetime estimation of components loaded with multiaxial non-proportional variable amplitude loading. While this task consists of multiple smaller problems, one of the most crucial ones is loading cycles identification (and extraction) for future use with multiaxial damage criterions. By now, several cycle counting methods have been proposed for multiaxial loading conditions. The most wildly accepted methods are Bannantine-Socie’s method and Wang-Brown’s method (which has been later modified by Meggiolaro and Castro). The aim of this paper is the comparison of newly developed method with Bannantine-Socie’s method and Wang-Brown’s method. The new cycle counting method is based on cycle identification in relative maximum shear stress histories (calculated from multiaxial loading histories). The extracted data than composes part of each loading channel of multiaxial loading histories corresponding to identified loading cycle. The comparison of chosen methods has been done by using data sets created by authors as well as using real measured data from real operation.

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Fu, Zhuo, Xiang Li, Sha Zhang, Hanqing Xiong, Chi Liu, and Kun Li. "Establishment and Verification of Multiaxis Fatigue Life Prediction Model." Scanning 2021 (February 2, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8875958.

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A fatigue life prediction model with multiaxis load is proposed. The model introduces a new effective cyclic parameter, equivalent stress on the critical surface, to modify the Suntech model. The new damage parameters are not related to empirical constants, hence more applicable for practical application in engineering. The multiaxis fatigue test was carried out with high-strength aluminum alloy 7075-T651, and the multiaxis fatigue life prediction of the test piece was conducted with the finite element software. The experiment result shows that the model proposed is effective for predicting the fatigue life under multiaxis load.

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Amjadi, Mohammadreza, and Ali Fatemi. "Multiaxial Fatigue Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Including Notch Effect: Experiments and Modeling." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930005001.

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High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is used in many industries with many applications from automotive industry to biomedical implants. It can be manufactured using different processing techniques including compression molding, injection molding, and blow molding. Multiaxial loading and non-proportionality between different loading sources are inevitable in many applications. It is shown that the common multiaxial fatigue criteria such as von Mises equivalent stress are not able to correlate the multiaxial fatigue data. In this study, multiaxial fatigue behavior of neat HDPE is investigated using hollow tubular specimens through experimental fatigue tests. Axial, torsion, and combined in phase and out-of-phase axial-torsion fatigue tests were conducted. Stress concentration effect on multiaxial fatigue behavior was also studied. Experimental results and analytical models used to account for the aforementioned effects are presented and discussed in this paper.

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Li, Xin. "A new stress-based multiaxial high- cycle fatigue damage criterion." Functional materials 25, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.02.406.

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30

Mezzich, J. E. "On Developing a Psychiatric Multiaxial Schema for ICD-10." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, S1 (May 1988): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000295603.

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As work proceeds on the development of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) widespread interest has been expressed in the preparation of a multiaxial diagnostic schema for psychiatric patients. In consideration of this task, the present paper briefly notes pertinent international experience on multiaxial diagnosis, the discernible purposes of this approach, design requirements, and a specific multiaxial proposal.

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31

Li, Bochuan, Chao Jiang, Xu Han, and Yuan Li. "The prediction of multiaxial fatigue probabilistic stress–life curve by using fuzzy theory." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 31, no. 2 (May 2017): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000087.

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AbstractThe fuzziness of the traditional multiaxial fatigue prediction model is discussed and the fuzzy theory is applied into fatigue reliability analysis. The fuzzy linear regression analysis method is used to determine the fuzzy coefficients in the multiaxial stress–life equation under a small sample condition, and the corresponding multiaxial fatigue probabilistic stress–life curve is calculated with different confidence levels.

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Mao, Xue Ping, Yang Yu, Chao Li, Sai Dong Huang, Hong Xu, and Yong Zhong Ni. "Study on Creep Behaviors of T92 Steel under Multiaxial Stress State." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.774.

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Creep tests for smooth specimens and notched specimens of T92 steel were carried out to study the effect of multiaxial stress state on creep rupture behaviors at 650°C. Creep rupture life was estimated by representative stress at multiaxial state of stress, the failure behavior of multiaxial creep was analyzed, and Kachanov creep damage formula was used to analyze the experimental data. The results show that the notch strengthens rupture life, multiaxial rupture behavior is controlled by mixed parameters, the creep ductility of the smooth and notched specimen decreases with rupture time, and damage factors of the smooth specimen and notched specimen are similar according to Kachanov formula.

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33

Wang, Lei, Tian Zhong Sui, Hang Zhao, and En Guo Men. "Probabilistic Model of the Multiaxial Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 2135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2135.

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First, several widely used models of the multiaxial low-cycle fatigue life prediction based on the critical plane approach were presented in this paper, and the predicted results of these models for a medium carbon steel under the condition of multiaxial low-cycle fatigue loading were compared. Second, the stochastic expressions and probability density function curves of the fatigue performance parameters were obtained by probabilistic analysis of the medium carbon steel fatigue data. Finally, the probabilistic model of the multiaxial fatigue life prediction was simulated by Monte Carlo Method, which should provide a basis for the reliability analysis of engineering components subjected to the multiaxial complex loads.

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Machado, Pedro Vinícius Sousa, Lucas Carneiro Araújo, Marcos Venicius Soares, and José Alexander Araújo. "The use of a modified critical plane model to assess multiaxial fatigue of steels with nonmetallic inclusions." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 16005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930016005.

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The goal of this research is to investigate the detrimental effect of non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue strength of the AISI 4140 steel under multiaxial loading conditions. In order to do so, a multiaxial fatigue model based on the critical plane approach is coupled with Murakami’s √area model. The proposed adaptation is very easy to calibrate and can also account for the higher probability of existing a fatal small defect as the volume of stresses material increases. Experimental multiaxial fatigue data were generated and compared with the estimates provided by the adapted multiaxial fatigue model and with its original version. The errors found are not higher than 10%.

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Wu, Zhirong, Ying Pan, Hang Lei, Shuaiqiang Wang, and Lei Fang. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Nickel-Based Alloy GH4169 under Biaxial Load Based on Fatigue Test of Cruciform Specimen." Metals 13, no. 3 (March 14, 2023): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030588.

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Due to the complex geometry and various cyclic loads, aeroengine components are often in a multiaxial complex stress state during service. Multiaxial fatigue is a major cause of many air accidents. It is of great significance to study the fatigue failure mechanism of aeronautical materials. This paper carries out biaxial fatigue tests on cruciform specimens and uses the surface replication method to record the initiation and propagation process of crack. Based on these fatigue tests, this paper studies the multiaxial fatigue characteristics of nickel-based alloy GH4169 for aeroengines and analyzes the fatigue crack growth behavior and failure mechanism of nickel-based alloys under a complex multiaxial stress state.

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Kawai, M. "Anisotropic size effect law for notched strength of unidirectional carbon/epoxy laminates – Part 1: Formulation." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 5 (July 28, 2016): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316651481.

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A multiaxial quasi-brittle failure criterion for notched orthotropic composites is developed with an emphasis on establishment of an analytical formula to predict their anisotropic notched strength for any notch size under any multiaxial proportional loading. It is formulated by replacing the principal unnotched strengths with the principal notched strengths in the framework of the Tsai–Hill static failure criterion for orthotropic composites. The effects of notch size and specimen width on the principal notched strengths are described by means of the Suo-Ho-Gong model that can consider notch ductile-to-brittle transition. From the proposed multiaxial quasi-brittle failure criterion, an analytical formula is derived to predict the notched strength of finite orthotropic composite plates under multiaxial proportional loading at any angle with the principal directions of material anisotropy. The notched strength prediction formula involves a generalized notch sensitivity parameter that can be defined for any multiaxial state of stress. The multiaxial notch sensitivity parameter allows uniquely defining an intrinsic equivalent mode-I fracture toughness that is independent of notch size as well as of specimen width for any multiaxial proportional loading. Furthermore, an anisotropic size effect law for apparent equivalent mode-I fracture toughness that considers not only the effect of notch size but also the effect of specimen width is derived from the failure criterion. Finally, a quasi-brittle failure criterion for notched interface is briefly discussed as a particular case of the proposed quasi-brittle failure criterion for notched orthotropic composites.

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Wang, Lei, Tian Zhong Sui, Yu Ma, and Yan Sun. "Determination of the Critical Plane under the Multiaxial Complex Loading." Advanced Materials Research 544 (June 2012): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.544.182.

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Engineering components and structures in service are generally subjected to the multiaxial complex loads. The approach of critical plane has been widely accepted by most researchers as the best method in the multiaxial fatigue research field. It can be used well in the constant multiaxial fatigue loads, but not in the complex loads. Basis on analyzing characteristics of shear strain on material planes, the concept of weight-averaged maximum shear strain plane is proposed. A procedure is presented to determine the critical plane under multiaxial random loading. The angle values of the planes that experience peak values of maximum shear strains are averaged by employing the weight function, which is assumed to take into account the main factors of influencing the fatigue behavior, e.g. fatigue damage. The proposed algorithm is applied to the multiaxial in- and out-of-phase experiments to assess the correlation between the weight-averaged maximum shear strain direction and the position of the experimental fatigue crack initiation plane.

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Riess, Christian, Martin Obermayr, and Michael Vormwald. "The contrast of simplicity and accuracy in modeling multiaxial notch fatigue." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 13003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930013003.

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The fatigue assessment of notches under multiaxial and non-proportional service loading is challenging. Simple models (e.g. local strain approach based on normal stress and strain) are of poor quality for this general case of stress states and ductile material behavior. Advanced approaches show high accuracy, but require additional material testing and calibration. From an engineering point of view, deviations are tolerable to a certain extent. This contribution introduces two approaches for modeling multiaxial notch fatigue which are easy to apply. The first approach is an extension of the classical local strain approach. The second approach implements a simplified multiaxial notch approximation which enables the use of the extended short crack model in practical applications. A large database with experiments on notched components under multiaxial stresses is set up and used to validate the proposed algorithms. Results show the eﬀectiveness of both approaches for ductile steels. Both approaches can be useful for engineers who are faced to multiaxial fatigue of notched components.

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Li, Jiejie, Jie Li, Yangheng Chen, and Jian Chen. "Strengthening Modulus and Softening Strength of Nanoporous Gold in Multiaxial Tension: Insights from Molecular Dynamics." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 4381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244381.

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The functionalized applications of nanoporous metals place clear requirements on their basic mechanical properties, yet there is a lack of research on the mechanical response under multiaxial loading conditions. In this work, the mechanical behaviors of nanoporous gold under multiaxial tension are investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanical properties under different loading conditions are compared and the microstructure evolution is analyzed to clarify the deformation mechanisms of nanoporous gold in biaxial and triaxial tension. It is found that the modulus of nanoporous gold in multiaxial tension is strengthened and the strength is softened compared to uniaxial tension. The failure of nanoporous gold in multiaxial tension is dominated by the progressive yielding, necking, and rupture of ligaments along the multiple uniaxial loading directions. The dislocation activity under multiaxial loads is more intense and more prone to plastic deformation, ultimately resulting in lower strength and smaller failure strain. The findings provide more insight into the understanding of the deformation mechanisms of nanoporous metals under complex stress states.

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40

Li, Shan, and Yongxiang Zhao. "High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of D2 Wheel Steel under Uniaxial and Multiaxial Loading Conditions for Potential Applications in the Railway Industry." Crystals 13, no. 7 (July 22, 2023): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071146.

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This study investigates the fatigue damage evolution mechanisms of D2 wheel steel under high-cycle uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions, with a focus on determining the fatigue crack growth threshold (FCGT). Uniaxial and multiaxial FCGT tests were performed on pre-cracked D2 wheel steel specimens subjected to high-frequency cyclic loading at stress ratios (R) of 0.1. The results indicate that the FCGT for D2 wheel steel under uniaxial loading conditions ranges between 8–9 MPa.m0.5, while under multiaxial loading conditions, it ranges between 6–9 MPa.m0.5. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed differences in the crack propagation mechanisms between the uniaxial and multiaxial tests, with cracks deviating from their path and following the microstructure in the uniaxial tests, and cracks propagating along planes of weakness in the multiaxial tests. These findings provide insights into the high-cycle fatigue behavior of D2 wheel steel under different loading conditions for potential applications in the railway industry.

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41

Wei, Haoyang, Jie Chen, Patricio Carrion, Anahita Imanian, Nima Shamsaei, Nagaraja Iyyer, and Yongming Liu. "Multiaxial high-cycle fatigue modelling for random loading." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930012005.

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In this paper, a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model is proposed under general multiaxial random loadings. First, a brief review for existing multiaxial fatigue models is given and special focus is on the LiuMahadevan critical plane concept, which can be applied to both brittle and ductile materials. Next, new model development based on the Liu-Mahadevan critical plane concept for random loading is presented. The key concept is to use two-steps to identify the critical plane: identify the maximum damage plane due to normal stress and calculate the critical plane orientation with respect to the maximum damage plane due to normal stress. Multiaxial rain-flow cycle counting method with mean stress correction is used to estimate the damage on the critical plane. Equivalent stress transformation is proposed to convert the multiaxial random load spectrum to an equivalent constant amplitude spectrum. The equivalent stress is used for fatigue life prediction. Following this, experimental design and testing is performed for Al 7075-T6 under various different random uniaxial and multiaxial spectrums. The developed model is validated with both literature and in-house testing data. Very good agreement is observed for the investigated material. Finally, conclusion and future work is given based on the proposed study.

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Paradisi, Francesco, Anna Sofia Delussu, Stefano Brunelli, Marco Iosa, Roberto Pellegrini, Daniele Zenardi, and Marco Traballesi. "The Conventional Non-Articulated SACH or a Multiaxial Prosthetic Foot for Hypomobile Transtibial Amputees? A Clinical Comparison on Mobility, Balance, and Quality of Life." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/261801.

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The effects of a non-articulated SACH and a multiaxial foot-ankle mechanism on the performance of low-activity users are of great interest for practitioners in amputee rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to compare these two prosthetic feet and assess possible improvements introduced by the increased degrees of freedom provided by the multiaxial foot. For this purpose, a group of 20 hypomobile transtibial amputees (TTAs) had their usual SACH replaced with a multiaxial foot. Participants’ functional mobility, involving ambulatory skills in overground level walking, ramps, and stairs, was evaluated by performing Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), Locomotor Capability Index-5 (LCI-5), Hill Assessment Index (HAI), and Stair Assessment Index (SAI). Balance performances were assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and analysing upper body accelerations during gait. Moreover, the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) was performed to indicate the prosthesis-related quality of life. Results showed that participants walked faster using the multiaxial foot(p<0.05)maintaining the same upright gait stability. Significant improvements with the multiaxial foot were also observed in BBS, LCI-5, and SAI times and 4 of 9 subscales of the PEQ. Our findings demonstrate that a multiaxial foot represents a considerable alternative solution with respect to the conventional SACH in the prosthetic prescription for hypomobile TTAs.

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43

Zheng, Shan Suo, Wen Yong Li, Qing Lin Tao, and Yu Fan. "A Multiaxial Damage Statistic Constitutive Model for Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.56.

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In order to apply the uniaxial damage evolution equation that established with the variable of strain to the multiaxial damage quantitative analysis, this paper bases on the Hsieh-Tang-Chen four-parameter failure criterion and adopts the way of making the triaxial equivalent strain combining with the uniaxial damage evolution equation to analyze and deduce the uniaxial damage evolution equation of SRHSHPC, and which is expanded to multiaxial condition as well. A function considered triaxial stress state and a related correction value are suggested, then, improving the damage evolution equation from triaxial to multiaxial form, finally proposing the multiaxial damage statistic constitutive equation for concrete, taking numerical simulation with the complete decoupling method and the result shows that the model is effective.

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44

Wang, Xiao-Wei, De-Guang Shang, Yu-Juan Sun, and Xiao-Dong Liu. "Algorithms for multiaxial cycle counting method and fatigue life prediction based on the weight function critical plane under random loading." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 28, no. 9 (February 18, 2019): 1367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519831051.

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Based on the critical plane determined by the weight function method, two algorithms for multiaxial cycle counting method are proposed by modifying the rainflow and range cycle counting methods. The proposed two algorithms can be applied to multiaxial random loading, and be suitable to any critical plane-based fatigue life prediction models, since the counted cycles or reversals are represented by the start time and end time. The proposed two algorithms are used to predict multiaxial fatigue life by the experimental data of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy, En15R steel and 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy conducted under multiaxial random loading in both high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue region. The life prediction results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

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Yang, Xianjie, Yan Luo, and Qing Gao. "Constitutive Modeling on Time-Dependent Deformation Behavior of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag Solder Alloy Under Cyclic Multiaxial Straining." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 1 (May 18, 2006): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2429708.

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Based on the time dependent multiaxial deformation behavior of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder alloy, a constitutive model is proposed which considers the nonproportional multiaxial cyclic deformation properties. In the back stress evolution equations of this model, the nonproportionality which affects the back stress evolution rate is introduced. The approach for the determination of model parameters is proposed. The model is used to describe the time-dependent cyclic deformation behavior of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag solder alloy under cross, rectangular, rhombic, and double-triangular tensile–torsion multiaxial strain paths at different strain rates with different dwell time. The comparison between the predicted and experimental results demonstrates that the model can satisfactorily describe the time-dependent multiaxial cyclic deformation behavior under complicated nonproportional cyclic straining.

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46

Papuga, Jan, Eva Cízová, and Aleksander Karolczuk. "Validating the Methods to Process the Stress Path in Multiaxial High-Cycle Fatigue Criteria." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010206.

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The paper discusses one of the key features in the multiaxial fatigue strength evaluation—the procedure in which the stress path is analyzed to provide relevant measures of parameters required by multiaxial criteria. The selection of this procedure affects the complete equivalent stress derived for any multiaxial load combinations. Three major concepts—the minimum circumscribed circle, minimum circumscribed ellipse, and moment of inertia methods—are described. Analytical solutions of their evaluation for multiaxial stress state with components described by harmonic functions are provided. The concepts are validated on available experimental data when included into six different multiaxial fatigue strength criteria. The results show that the moment of inertia results in too conservative results. Differences between both methods of circumscribed entities are much smaller. There are indications however that the minimum circumscribed ellipse solution works better for critical plane criteria and for the criteria based on stress tensor transformation into the Ilyushin deviatoric space. On the other hand, the minimum circumscribed ellipse solution tends to shift integral criteria to the conservative side.

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47

Huang, Qitao, Peng Wang, Yuhao Wang, and Qinjun Yang. "Decoupling Control of a Multiaxis Hydraulic Servo Shaking Table Based on Dynamic Model." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8268514.

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Hydraulic servo shaking table is an essential testing facility to simulate the actual vibration situation in real time. As a parallel mechanism, multiaxis hydraulic servo shaking table shows strong coupling characteristic among different degrees of freedom. When the multiaxis hydraulic shaking table moves to one direction, some unnecessary related motions will appear in other directions, which seriously affect the control performance. An effective approach to decouple motions in command direction and in unnecessary related directions is an urgent need for a higher precision control performance. In this work, the coupling phenomena and reasons of the multiaxis hydraulic servo table are analyzed based on dynamic model of a multiaxis hydraulic servo shaking table. In this regard, multiaxis hydraulic servo shaking table with strong coupling within the physical space is transformed into a set of single-input single-output systems that are independent of each other in the modal space. A decoupling control strategy is proposed in modal space to restrain the coupling motions. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively improve the control performance and the decoupling effect.

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48

Garcia, Martin, Claudio A. Pereira Baptista, and Alain Nussbaumer. "Multiaxial fatigue study on steel transversal attachments under constant amplitude proportional and non-proportional loadings." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 16007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816516007.

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In this study, the multiaxial fatigue strength of full-scale transversal attachment is assessed and compared to original experimental results and others found in the literature. Mild strength S235JR steel is used and an exploratory investigation on the use of high strength S690QL steel and the effect of non-proportional loading is presented. The study focuses on non-load carrying fillet welds as commonly used in bridge design and more generally between main girders and struts. The experimental program includes 33 uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue tests and was partially carried out on a new multiaxial setup that allows proportional and non-proportional tests in a typical welded detail. The fatigue life is then compared with estimations obtained from local approaches with the help of 3D finite element models. The multiaxial fatigue life assessment with some of the well-known local approaches is shown to be suited to the analysis under multiaxial stress states. The accuracy of each models and approaches is compared to the experimental values considering all the previously cited parameters.

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Hornberger, Troy A., Dustin D. Armstrong, Timothy J. Koh, Thomas J. Burkholder, and Karyn A. Esser. "Intracellular signaling specificity in response to uniaxial vs. multiaxial stretch: implications for mechanotransduction." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): C185—C194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00207.2004.

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Several lines of evidence suggest that muscle cells can distinguish between specific mechanical stimuli. To test this concept, we subjected C2C12 myotubes to cyclic uniaxial or multiaxial stretch. Both types of stretch induced an increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) phosphorylation, but only multiaxial stretch induced ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k) phosphorylation. Further results demonstrated that the signaling events specific to multiaxial stretch (p70S6k phosphorylation) were elicited by forces delivered through the elastic culture membrane and were not due to greater surface area deformations or localized regions of large tensile strain. Experiments performed using medium that was conditioned by multiaxial stretched myotubes indicated that a release of paracrine factors was not sufficient for the induction of signaling to p70S6k. Furthermore, incubation with gadolinium(III) chloride (500 μM), genistein (250 μM), PD-98059 (250 μM), bisindolylmaleimide I (20 μM), or LY-294002 (100 μM ) did not block the multiaxial stretch-induced signaling to p70S6k. However, disrupting the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D did block the multiaxial signaling to p70S6k, with no effect on signaling to PKB/Akt. These results demonstrate that specific types of mechanical stretch activate distinct signaling pathways, and we propose that this occurs through direct mechanosensory-mechanotransduction mechanisms and not through previously defined growth factor/receptor binding pathways.

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Yin, Xiang, De-Guang Shang, Gang Zhang, Dao-Hang Li, Hang Zhang, Cheng Qian, Shuai Zhou, and Guo-Cheng Hao. "Thermal-mechanical fatigue life prediction considering fatigue-creep interaction effects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2569, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2569/1/012074.

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Abstract This study proposed a multiaxial variable temperature and amplitude damage assessment model to predict the variable temperature and amplitude fatigue life of high-temperature alloys, which are often subjected to varying multiaxial mechanical and temperature loads. To validate the proposed model, seven variable temperature and amplitude fatigue tests were conducted on GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The proposed model shows good accuracy and reliability in predicting the lifetime of high-temperature alloy components under multiaxial mechanical and temperature loads.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiaxia'

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