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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-step mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Hammerling, Gunter J., Gunther Schonrich, Iris Ferber, and Bernd Arnold. "Peripheral Tolerance as a Multi-Step Mechanism." Immunological Reviews 133, no. 1 (June 1993): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1993.tb01511.x.

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Xiong, Shaozhuan, and Yantian Bi. "A Novel Multi-Step Global Mechanism Scheme for n-Decane Combustion." Entropy 25, no. 10 (September 28, 2023): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25101389.

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Based on the directed relation graph with error propagation (DRGEP) reduction method, a detailed mechanism consisting of 119 species and 527 reactions for n-decane was simplified. As a result, a skeletal mechanism comprising 32 species and 73 reactions was derived. Subsequently, the quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA) reduction method was employed to further simplify the skeletal mechanism, resulting in a reduced mechanism with 18 species and 14 global reactions. A comparison between the reduced mechanism, skeletal mechanism, and detailed mechanism revealed that the reduced and skeletal mechanisms successfully replicated the combustion characteristics of the detailed mechanism under a range of initial conditions. These models can be credibly incorporated into large-scale combustion simulation, serving as a solid foundation for enhancing computational efficiency.

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Tsuchiya, Hikaru, Akinori Endo, and Yasushi Saeki. "Multi-Step Ubiquitin Decoding Mechanism for Proteasomal Degradation." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13060128.

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The 26S proteasome is a 2.5-MDa protease complex responsible for the selective and ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitylated proteins in eukaryotic cells. Proteasome-mediated protein degradation accounts for ~70% of all cellular proteolysis under basal conditions, and thereby any dysfunction can lead to drastic changes in cell homeostasis. A major function of ubiquitylation is to target proteins for proteasomal degradation. Accompanied by deciphering the structural diversity of ubiquitin chains with eight linkages and chain lengths, the ubiquitin code for proteasomal degradation has been expanding beyond the best-characterized Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains. Whereas polyubiquitylated proteins can be directly recognized by the proteasome, in several cases, these proteins need to be extracted or segregated by the conserved ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA)-family ATPase p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) complex and escorted to the proteasome by ubiquitin-like (UBL)–ubiquitin associated (UBA) proteins; these are called substrate-shuttling factors. Furthermore, proteasomes are highly mobile and are appropriately spatiotemporally regulated in response to different cellular environments and stresses. In this review, we highlight an emerging key link between p97, shuttling factors, and proteasome for efficient proteasomal degradation. We also present evidence that proteasome-containing nuclear foci form by liquid–liquid phase separation under acute hyperosmotic stress.

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Ran, Cai, Xinfu Li, and Fang Yang. "Multi-Step Structure Image Inpainting Model with Attention Mechanism." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042316.

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The proliferation of deep learning has propelled image inpainting to an important research field. Although the current image inpainting model has made remarkable achievements, the two-stage image inpainting method is easy to produce structural errors in the rough stage because of insufficient treatment of the rough inpainting stage. To address this problem, we propose a multi-step structured image inpainting model combining attention mechanisms. Different from the previous two-stage inpainting model, we divide the damaged area into four sub-areas, calculate the priority of each area according to the priority, specify the inpainting order, and complete the rough inpainting stage several times. The stability of the model is enhanced by the multi-step method. The structural attention mechanism strengthens the expression of structural features and improves the quality of structure and contour reconstruction. Experimental evaluation of benchmark data sets shows that our method effectively reduces structural errors and improves the effect of image inpainting.

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Bellat, Vanessa, Rémi Chassagnon, Olivier Heintz, Lucien Saviot, David Vandroux, and Nadine Millot. "A multi-step mechanism and integrity of titanate nanoribbons." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 3 (2015): 1150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02573c.

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Using TEM and EFTEM, we showed that titanate nanoribbons are made of an assembly of smaller ribbons juxtaposed and piled up on one another. We also studied their morphological, structural and chemical characteristics using XRD, Raman and XPS. New insights were obtained regarding their forming mechanism and structural integrity.

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Jagielski, J., and L. Thomé. "Multi-step mechanism of damage accumulation in irradiated crystals." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 8 (April 2008): 1212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.12.097.

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Hamdi, Mohamed, Hmaeid Benticha, and Mohamed Sassi. "Evaluation of reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms used for modeling mild combustion for natural gas." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903131h.

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A numerical and parametric study was performed to evaluate the potential of reduced chemistry mechanisms to model natural gas chemistry including NOx chemistry under mild combustion mode. Two reduced mechanisms, 5-step and 9-step, were tested against the GRI-Mech3.0 by comparing key species, such as NOx, CO2 and CO, and gas temperature predictions in idealized reactors codes under mild combustion conditions. It is thus concluded that the 9-step mechanism appears to be a promising reduced mechanism that can be used in multi-dimensional codes for modeling mild combustion of natural gas.

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Bresnick, Emery H., Hogune Im, Kirby D. Johnson, and Jeffrey A. Grass. "Dissecting a Multi-Step Mechanism of Beta-Globin Transcriptional Activation." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1207.1207.

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Abstract Defining factors and signals that establish and maintain the native nucleoprotein structure of endogenous chromatin domains represents a powerful approach for elucidating transcriptional mechanisms. In adult erythroid cells, the locus control region (LCR) and the adult beta-globin genes of the murine beta-globin locus are highly enriched in acetylated histones H3 and H4 (acH3, acH4) and H3 methylated at lysine 4 (H3-meK4). By contrast, the embryonic beta-globin genes reside in a broad region of reduced acetylation. Histone H3 methylated at lysine 79 (H3-meK79) is highly enriched at the adult beta-globin genes, but not at the LCR. To elucidate the molecular steps in beta-globin transcriptional activation, genetic complementation experiments were conducted in GATA-1-null G1E cells containing an estrogen receptor hormone binding domain-GATA-1 fusion protein (ER-GATA-1). Kinetic analysis of ER-GATA-1 occupancy of chromatin and establishment of the histone modification pattern by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that GATA-1 occupies multiple regions within the LCR prior to the beta-major promoter. Chromatin accessibility at the promoter was low until ER-GATA-1 assembled into regulatory complexes at the LCR. Subsequently, ER-GATA-1 accessed the beta-major promoter, induced acH3, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, and elevated H3-meK79. Acquisition of transcriptional competence appears to require establishment of H3-meK4, which is GATA-1-independent. Blocking transcriptional elongation did not erase H3-meK79, indicating that maintenance of H3-meK79 does not require ongoing elongation. Analysis of N-terminal GATA-1 deletion mutants that retain Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1) binding and DNA binding activities revealed that FOG-1 binding and DNA binding activities are insufficient for Pol II recruitment and chromatin modification at the promoter. These results support a model in which ER-GATA-1 binding to the LCR increases acH3 at the promoter as an early event in transcriptional activation, which is tightly coupled to ER-GATA-1 access to the promoter, increased promoter accessibility, and Pol II recruitment. Increased promoter accessibility, which likely permits ER-GATA-1 access to the promoter, precedes maximal induction of H3-meK79, a late event in activation. Given the dynamic regulation of H3-meK79 by GATA-1 and NF-E2 and the modulation of H3-meK79 levels during erythropoiesis, we propose that H3-meK79 is a crucial signal that controls the rate of beta-globin transcription. Studies are underway to test this hypothesis and to dissect mechanisms underlying the requirement of N-terminal sequences of GATA-1 for Pol II recruitment and chromatin modification. Furthermore, having identified individual steps in transcriptional activation of the endogenous beta-globin genes, we are testing whether inducers of human fetal hemoglobin affect these specific steps. GATA-1 has been reported by the Crispino group to be expressed as an N-terminally truncated species in megakaryoblastic leukemia. Defining how the N-terminus functions should therefore lead to a molecular understanding of this disorder. As the N-termini of GATA factors differ considerably, one might expect these divergent sequences to establish GATA factor-specific functions, and this prediction is being tested via detailed analysis of the activities of chimeric GATA factors.

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Sun, Yihao, Qin Tan, Chao Yan, Yuan Chang, Xiaojia Xiang, and Han Zhou. "Multi-UAV Coverage through Two-Step Auction in Dynamic Environments." Drones 6, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6060153.

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The cooperation of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (Multi-UAV) can effectively solve the area coverage problem. However, developing an online multi-UAV coverage approach remains a challenge due to energy constraints and environmental dynamics. In this paper, we design a comprehensive framework for area coverage with multiple energy-limited UAVs in dynamic environments, which we call MCTA (Multi-UAV Coverage through Two-step Auction). Specifically, the online two-step auction mechanism is proposed to select the optimal action. Then, an obstacle avoidance mechanism is designed by defining several heuristic rules. After that, considering energy constraints, we develop the reverse auction mechanism to balance workload between multiple UAVs. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that MCTA can achieve a high coverage rate while ensuring a low repeated coverage rate and average step deviation in most circumstances.

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Li, Xianghui, Wei Zheng, and Yang Li. "An axiomatic and non-cooperative approach to the multi-step Shapley value." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 1541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021073.

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Inspired by the two-step Shapley value, in this paper we introduce and axiomatize the multi-step Shapley value for cooperative games with levels structures. Moreover, we design a multi-step bidding mechanism, which implements the value strategically in subgame perfect Nash equilibrium for superadditve games.

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Almseidin, Mohammad, Imre Piller, Mouhammd Al-Kasassbeh, and Szilveszter Kovacs. "Fuzzy Automaton as a Detection Mechanism for the Multi-Step Attack." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 9, no. 2 (March 16, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.2.7591.

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12

Paknikar, S. K., F. S. Kamounah, P. E. Hansen, and M. S. Wadia. "Multi-Step Rearrangement Mechanism for Acetyl Cedrene to the Hydrocarbon Follower†." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 53, no. 4 (July 2017): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-2085-1.

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13

Aslam, Muhammad, Jun-Sung Kim, and Jaesung Jung. "Multi-step ahead wind power forecasting based on dual-attention mechanism." Energy Reports 9 (December 2023): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.167.

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14

Kobayashi, Masakazu, Shinji Nishiwaki, and Hiroshi Yamakawa. "Integrated Multi-Step Design Method for Practical and Sophisticated Compliant Mechanisms Combining Topology and Shape Optimizations." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 2 (April 20, 2007): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0141.

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Compliant mechanisms designed by traditional topology optimization have a linear output response, and it is difficult for traditional methods to implement mechanisms having nonlinear output responses, such as nonlinear deformation or path. To design a compliant mechanism having a specified nonlinear output path, we propose a two-stage design method based on topology and shape optimizations. In the first stage, topology optimization generates an initial conceptual compliant mechanism based on ordinary design conditions, with “additional” constraints used to control the output path in the second stage. In the second stage, an initial model for the shape optimization is created, based on the result of the topology optimization, and additional constraints are replaced by spring elements. The shape optimization is then executed, to generate the detailed shape of the compliant mechanism having the desired output path. At this stage, parameters that represent the outer shape of the compliant mechanism and of spring element properties are used as design variables in the shape optimization. In addition to configuring the specified output path, executing the shape optimization after the topology optimization also makes it possible to consider the stress concentration and large displacement effects. This is an advantage offered by the proposed method, because it is difficult for traditional methods to consider these aspects, due to inherent limitations of topology optimization.

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15

Li, Xu, Mingming Sun, and Ping Li. "Multi-Agent Discussion Mechanism for Natural Language Generation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 6096–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016096.

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We introduce the discussion mechanism into the multiagent communicating encoder-decoder architecture for Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks and prove that by applying the discussion mechanism, the communication between agents becomes more effective. Generally speaking, an encoder-decoder architecture predicts target-sequence word by word in several time steps. At each time step of prediction, agents with the discussion mechanism predict the target word after several discussion steps. In the first step of discussion, agents make their choice independently and express their decision to other agents. In the next discussion step, agents collect other agents’ decision to update their own decisions, then express the updated decisions to others again. After several iterations, the agents make their final decision based on a well-communicated situation. The benefit of the discussion mechanism is that multiple encoders can be designed as different structures to fit the specified input or to fetch different representations of inputs.We train and evaluate the discussion mechanism on Table to Text Generation, Text Summarization and Image Caption tasks, respectively. Our empirical results demonstrate that the proposed multi-agent discussion mechanism is helpful for maximizing the utility of the communication between agents.

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16

Lin, Sheng, Jiacheng Wang, Wenkang Xiong, Qingyuan Hu, Hui Liu, and Qi Wang. "Design and Modeling of a Curved Beam Compliant Mechanism with Six Degrees of Freedom." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020208.

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Compliant mechanisms are widely used in cutting-edge scientific and technological fields such as precision engineering, micro-/nano-manipulation, or microelectronics. Hence, the demand for multi-degree-of-freedom compliant mechanisms has increased sharply. The structure of compliant mechanisms becomes increasingly complex with the increase of degrees of freedom. Here, a compliant mechanism with six degrees of freedom is proposed based on curved beams. The compliant mechanism has the advantages of simple structure and multi-degree-of-freedom. Using the isogeometric analysis method, a model of the mechanism is constructed. Static analysis show that six degrees of freedom can be generated. The prototype of the mechanism is developed by 3D printing. A loading test in six degrees of freedom is carried out. The output and input have high linear relations and the structure has low inter-directional coupling. We trust that this study provides a pioneering step towards the design of compliant mechanisms based on curved beam elements.

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17

Hayashi, Takuro, Satoshi Kawakami, Hideaki Matsuo, and Mitsunori Yuinamochi. "A Study on a Multi-function Wheelchair with Auxiliary Step-climbing Mechanism." Proceedings of the JSME Symposium on Welfare Engineering 2003.3 (2003): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmewes.2003.3.29.

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18

Liu, Guicheng, Junyuan Xu, Tongtao Wang, Tingting Zhao, Meng Wang, Yituo Wang, Jianling Li, and Xindong Wang. "The performance and mechanism of multi-step activation of MEA for DMFC." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 22 (November 2010): 12341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.108.

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19

Jasiński, Radomir. "On the Question of Stepwise [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions and Their Stereochemical Aspects." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101911.

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Even at the end of the twentieth century, the view of the one-step [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reaction mechanism was widely accepted as the only possible one, regardless of the nature of the reaction components. Much has changed in the way these reactions are perceived since then. In particular, multi-step mechanisms with zwitterionic or diradical intermediates have been proposed for a number of processes. This review provided a critical analysis of such cases.

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Xu, Chongchong, Chaojie Li, and Xiaojun Zhou. "Interpretable LSTM Based on Mixture Attention Mechanism for Multi-Step Residential Load Forecasting." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142189.

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Residential load forecasting is of great significance to improve the energy efficiency of smart home services. Deep-learning techniques, i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, can considerably improve the performance of prediction models. However, these black-box networks are generally unexplainable, which creates an obstacle for the customer to deeply understand forecasting results and rapidly respond to uncertain circumstances, as practical engineering requires a high standard of prediction reliability. In this paper, an interpretable deep-learning method is proposed to solve the multi-step residential load forecasting problem which is referred to as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). An encoder–decoder network architecture based on multi-variable LSTM (MV-LSTM) is developed for the multi-step probabilistic-load forecasting. The mixture attention mechanism is introduced in each prediction time step to better capture the different temporal dynamics of multivariate sequence in an interpretable form. By evaluating the contribution of each variable to the forecast, multi-quantile forecasts at multiple future time steps can be generated. The experiments on the real data set show that the proposed method can achieve good prediction performance while providing valuable explanations for the prediction results. The findings help end users gain insights into the forecasting model, bridging the gap between them and advanced deep-learning techniques.

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Sun, Yajing, Yue Hu, Luxi Xing, Jing Yu, and Yuqiang Xie. "History-Adaption Knowledge Incorporation Mechanism for Multi-Turn Dialogue System." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 8944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6425.

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Keeping the conversation consistent and avoiding its repetition are two key factors to construct an intelligent multi-turn knowledge-grounded dialogue system. Although some works tend to combine history with external knowledge such as personal background information to boost dialogue quality, they are prone to ignore the fact that incorporating the same knowledge multiple times into the conversation leads to repetition. The main reason is the lack of effective control over the use of knowledge on the conversation level. So we design a history-adaption knowledge incorporation mechanism to build an effective multi-turn dialogue model. Our proposed model addresses repetition by recurrently updating the knowledge from the conversation level and progressively incorporating it into the history step-by-step. And the knowledge-grounded history representation also enhances the conversation consistency. Experimental results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms several retrieval-based models on some benchmark datasets. The human evaluation demonstrates that our model can maintain conversation consistent and reduce conversation repetition.

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Wang, Qingtian, Yunjing Wang, Kegong Zhang, Yaxin Liu, Weiwei Qiang, and Qiuzi Han Wen. "Artificial Intelligent Power Forecasting for Wind Farm Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion." Processes 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2023): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051429.

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Wind power forecasting is a typical high-dimensional and multi-step time series prediction problem. Data-driven prediction methods using machine learning show advantages over traditional physical or statistical methods, especially for wind farms with complex meteorological conditions. Thus, effective use of different data sources and data types will help improve power forecasting accuracy. In this paper, a multi-source data fusion method is proposed, which integrates the static information of the wind turbine with observational and forecasting meteorological information together to further improve the power forecasting accuracy. Firstly, the characteristics of each time step are re-characterized by using the self-attention mechanism to integrate the global information of multi-source data, and the Res-CNN network is used to fuse multi-source data to improve the prediction ability of input variables. Secondly, static variable encoding and feature selection are carried out, and the time-varying variables are combined with static variables for collaborative feature selection, so as to effectively eliminate redundant information. A forecasting model based on the Encoder–Decoder framework is constructed with LSTM as the basic unit, and the Add&Norm mechanism is introduced to further enhance the input variable information. In addition, the self-attention mechanism is used to integrate the global time information of the decoded results, and the Time Distributed mechanism is used to carry out multi-step prediction. Our training and testing data are obtained from an operating wind farm in northwestern China. Results show that the proposed method outperforms a classic AI forecasting method such as that using the Seq2Seq+attention model in terms of prediction accuracy, thus providing an effective solution for multi-step forecasting of wind power in wind farms.

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23

Zhang, Rui, Qin Hui Wang, Zhong Yang Luo, and Meng Xiang Fang. "Simulation on Coal Devolatilization Combined a Multi-Step Kinetic Model with Chemkin Software." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1375.

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As the first step in coal combustion and gasification, coal devolatilization has significant effect on reaction process. Previous coal devolatilization models have some disadvantages, such as poor flexibility, model complexity, and requirement of characterization parameters. Recently, Sommariva et al. have proposed a multi-step kinetic model of coal devolatilization. This model avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and can predict elemental composition of tar and char. In this paper, the mechanism of this model has been revised for simple application to Chemkin. Revision method is that some reactions are split into more reactions by using one pseudo-intermediate-product to replace several final products. Simulation results show that calculation results from revised mechanism compare quite well with that from original mechanism and have good agreement with experimental data. The revised mechanism is accurate and can be applied to Chemkin very easily, which gives it wide application to simulation of coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion.

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Ferreira, Rodrigo S., André L. Lira, and Alioscka A. Sousa. "Quantitative mechanistic model for ultrasmall nanoparticle–protein interactions." Nanoscale 12, no. 37 (2020): 19230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04846a.

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Sun, Shuo, Junzhong Sun, Zongliang Wang, Zhiyong Zhou, and Wei Cai. "Prediction of Battery SOH by CNN-BiLSTM Network Fused with Attention Mechanism." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 4428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124428.

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During the use and management of lead–acid batteries, it is very important to carry out prediction and study of the state of the health (SOH) of the battery. To this end, this paper proposes a SOH prediction method for lead–acid batteries based on the CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model. The model utilizes the convolutional neural network (CNN) to carry out feature extraction and data dimension reduction in the input factors of model, and then these factors are used as the input of the bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM). The BiLSTM is used to learn the temporal correlation information in the local features of input time series bidirectionally. The attention mechanism is introduced to assign more attention to key features in the input sequence with more significant influence on the output result by assigning weights to important features, and finally, multi-step prediction of the battery SOH is realized. Compared with the prediction results of battery SOH using other neural network methods, the method proposed in this study can provide higher prediction accuracy and achieve accurate multi-step prediction of battery SOH. Measured results show that most of the multi-step prediction errors of the proposed method are controlled within 3%.

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Meadows, Margaret K., Xiaolong Sun, Igor V. Kolesnichenko, Caroline M. Hinson, Kenneth A. Johnson, and Eric V. Anslyn. "Mechanistic studies of a “Declick” reaction." Chemical Science 10, no. 38 (2019): 8817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00690g.

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Mankelevich, Yuri A., Ekaterina N. Voronina, Tatyana V. Rakhimova, Alexander P. Palov, Dmitry V. Lopaev, Sergey M. Zyryanov, and Mikhail R. Baklanov. "Multi-step reaction mechanism for F atom interactions with organosilicate glass and SiOxfilms." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49, no. 34 (July 28, 2016): 345203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/34/345203.

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Viersen, Frits Jan, Jennifer C. Wilson, Ger Challa, and Jan Reedijk. "One-step multi-electron transfer mechanism of polynuclear copper complexes for molecular conversions." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6, no. 3 (March 1995): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060308.

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Vyazovkin, Sergey, and Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli. "Isoconversional method to explore the mechanism and kinetics of multi-step epoxy cures." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 20, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19990701)20:7<387::aid-marc387>3.0.co;2-s.

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Zhou, Yirong, Jun Li, Hao Chen, Ye Wu, Jiangjiang Wu, and Luo Chen. "A spatiotemporal attention mechanism-based model for multi-step citywide passenger demand prediction." Information Sciences 513 (March 2020): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.10.071.

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Zeng, Xianqiang, Yujie Feng, Yun Zhou, and Hengjie Li. "Research on Optimization and Scheduling of Multi-Integrated Energy System Based on Step-by-Step Carbon Trading and Hybrid Games." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (October 31, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2063273.

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In light of the current integrated energy system (IES) transactions, the interaction between the supply and demand sides is not fully considered. With the overall development of the carbon trading market, there is a need to deeply explore the interests of multiple entities in energy trading under the step-by-step carbon trading mechanism. Therefore, research on the optimization and scheduling of multicomprehensive energy systems based on step-by-step carbon trading and hybrid games is proposed. Firstly, the interests and demands of various integrated energy systems and users in multi-integrated energy system energy trading should be comprehensively considered. Based on the master-slave game and Nash bargaining theory, an optimization model of multiple integrated energy systems is built under the step-by-step carbon trading mechanism and load aggregation, representing the interests of the entire user side. Secondly, the proposed game optimization model has been established to prove it can maximize social benefits. IES and user game optimization models have been established, with multi-IES being leaders with the goal of maximizing their own benefits, guiding the optimization between IES and load by formulating energy prices. Users are followers who aim to maximize comprehensive benefits and respond to IES’s decisions through cooperation. Finally, using the improved gray wolf algorithm to solve the built model, it has been proven through comparison of calculation examples that the proposed method can reduce carbon emissions, effectively coordinate the optimization scheduling of multi-IES, and achieve the fair distribution of multi-IES cooperation benefits. This improves the effectiveness of individual and social benefits.

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Choi, Paul J., and Timothy J. Mitchison. "Quantitative analysis of resistance to natural killer attacks reveals stepwise killing kinetics." Integr. Biol. 6, no. 12 (2014): 1153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ib00096j.

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Ray, Keith G., Leonard E. Klebanoff, Jonathan R. I. Lee, Vitalie Stavila, Tae Wook Heo, Patrick Shea, Alexander A. Baker, et al. "Elucidating the mechanism of MgB2 initial hydrogenation via a combined experimental–theoretical study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 34 (2017): 22646–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03709k.

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Xu, Liang, Yanping Xiao, Qian Xu, Anthonie van Sandwijk, Jidong Li, Zhuo Zhao, Qiushi Song, and Yongxiang Yang. "Electrochemical behavior of zirconium in molten LiF–KF–ZrF4 at 600 °C." RSC Advances 6, no. 87 (2016): 84472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17102h.

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Branca, Carmen, and Blasi di. "Parallel and series-reaction mechanisms of wood and char combustion." Thermal Science 8, no. 2 (2004): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0402051b.

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Thermo gravimetric curves in air of beech wood and char, obtained from conventional pyrolysis of beech wood at a laboratory scale, have been re-examined using different kinetic models. Multi-step reaction mechanisms consisting of either four (wood) or two (char) reactions are needed for accurate predictions of weight loss curves. In the case of wood, three reactions are linear in the reactant mass fraction whereas the fourth step presents a power-law dependence. A linear reaction for devolatilization and a non-linear reaction for combustion are used for the weight loss curves of char. It has been found that activation energies and pre-exponential factors are in variant with series or parallel reactions, providing changes in the stoichiometric coefficients. Further more, the activation energies of the two reactions occurring at higher temperatures in the four-step mechanism (wood) and those of the two-step mechanism (char) are the same. Thus pre-exponential factors and reaction order take into account variations in the char reactivity derived from different pyrolysis conditions.

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Zhang, Wenle, Jianchang Liu, and Honghai Wang. "Ultra-fast formation control of high-order discrete-time multi-agent systems based on multi-step predictive mechanism." ISA Transactions 58 (September 2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2015.05.008.

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Wang, Jia, Philip H. Chao, Sebastian Hanet, and R. Michael van Dam. "Performing multi-step chemical reactions in microliter-sized droplets by leveraging a simple passive transport mechanism." Lab on a Chip 17, no. 24 (2017): 4342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01009e.

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Sun, Xin, Dawei Wang, Lewen Qian, Tao Liu, Jingwen Yang, Kun Chen, Luyu Wang, et al. "A Novel Si Nanosheet Channel Release Process for the Fabrication of Gate-All-Around Transistors and Its Mechanism Investigation." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030504.

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The effect of the source/drain compressive stress on the mechanical stability of stacked Si nanosheets (NS) during the process of channel release has been investigated. The stress of the nanosheets in the stacking direction increased first and then decreased during the process of channel release by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. The finite element simulation showed that the stress caused serious deformation of the nanosheets, which was also confirmed by the experiment. This study proposed a novel channel release process that utilized multi-step etching to remove the sacrificial SiGe layers instead of conventional single-step etching. By gradually releasing the stress of the SiGe layer on the nanosheets, the stress difference in the stacking direction before and after the last step of etching was significantly reduced, thus achieving equally spaced stacked nanosheets. In addition, the plasma-free oxidation treatment was introduced in the multi-step etching process to realize an outstanding selectivity of 168:1 for Si0.7Ge0.3 versus Si. The proposed novel process could realize the channel release of nanosheets with a multi-width from 30 nm to 80 nm with little Si loss, unlocking the full potential of gate-all-around (GAA) technology for digital, analog, and radio-frequency (RF) circuit applications.

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Sharma, Nishant, Rupayan Biswas, and Upakarasamy Lourderaj. "Dynamics of a gas-phase SNAr reaction: non-concerted mechanism despite the Meisenheimer complex being a transition state." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 45 (2020): 26562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05567k.

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Yan, Wenhui, Wending Tang, Lihua Wang, Yannan Bin, and Junfeng Xia. "PrMFTP: Multi-functional therapeutic peptides prediction based on multi-head self-attention mechanism and class weight optimization." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): e1010511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010511.

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Prediction of therapeutic peptide is a significant step for the discovery of promising therapeutic drugs. Most of the existing studies have focused on the mono-functional therapeutic peptide prediction. However, the number of multi-functional therapeutic peptides (MFTP) is growing rapidly, which requires new computational schemes to be proposed to facilitate MFTP discovery. In this study, based on multi-head self-attention mechanism and class weight optimization algorithm, we propose a novel model called PrMFTP for MFTP prediction. PrMFTP exploits multi-scale convolutional neural network, bi-directional long short-term memory, and multi-head self-attention mechanisms to fully extract and learn informative features of peptide sequence to predict MFTP. In addition, we design a class weight optimization scheme to address the problem of label imbalanced data. Comprehensive evaluation demonstrate that PrMFTP is superior to other state-of-the-art computational methods for predicting MFTP. We provide a user-friendly web server of PrMFTP, which is available at http://bioinfo.ahu.edu.cn/PrMFTP.

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Sultan, Faisal, Muhammad Shahzad, and Mehboob Ali. "Spectral quasi equilibrium manifold and intrinsic low dimensional manifold: A multi-step reaction mechanism." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 121 (February 2021): 105098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.105098.

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Sanchez-Monreal, J., P. A. Garcia-Salaberri, and M. Vera. "Mathematical Modeling of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells Using a Multi-Step Chemical Kinetic Mechanism." ECS Transactions 72, no. 25 (September 21, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07225.0001ecst.

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43

Altartouri, Bara, Amir J. Bidhendi, Tomomi Tani, Johnny Suzuki, Christina Conrad, Youssef Chebli, Na Liu, Chithra Karunakaran, Giuliano Scarcelli, and Anja Geitmann. "Pectin Chemistry and Cellulose Crystallinity Govern Pavement Cell Morphogenesis in a Multi-Step Mechanism." Plant Physiology 181, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00303.

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OHUCHI, Hidetoshi, and Hiroshi SHIMURA. "751 Step Motion Mechanism Driven by Impulsive Force of a Multi-Layer PZT Actuator." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2006 (2006): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2006.183.

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Lu, Wei, Xiaowei Li, Xinxin Wu, Libin Sun, and Zhengcao Li. "Investigation on the oxidation behavior and multi-step reaction mechanism of nuclear graphite SNG742." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2019.1671910.

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Zhou, Jizhi, Xiaoman Li, Wentao Li, Feng Wei, Yongwen Su, Jia Zhang, Zhi Ping Xu, and Guangren Qian. "Multi-step removal mechanism of pyrophosphate using CaFe-layered double hydroxide at high pH." Applied Clay Science 105-106 (March 2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.001.

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López, L. R., A. D. Dorado, M. Mora, X. Gamisans, J. Lafuente, and D. Gabriel. "Modeling an aerobic biotrickling filter for biogas desulfurization through a multi-step oxidation mechanism." Chemical Engineering Journal 294 (June 2016): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.013.

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Maier, L., B. Schädel, K. Herrera Delgado, S. Tischer, and O. Deutschmann. "Steam Reforming of Methane Over Nickel: Development of a Multi-Step Surface Reaction Mechanism." Topics in Catalysis 54, no. 13-15 (August 2, 2011): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9702-1.

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Ghazanfari, Mohammad Reza, S. Fatemeh Shams, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, and Mehrdad Kashefi. "Multi-successive-step pH sensitive procedure: Survey of dominant formation mechanism of therapeutic SPIONs." Ceramics International 45, no. 5 (April 2019): 6030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.12.073.

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Khader, Khaled, Sabry El-Shakery, Raafat Abou-Elnasr, Jorge Angeles, and Mahmoud Moustafa. "The synthesis of a multi-step cam mechanism to drive a shaking belt conveyor." Mechanism and Machine Theory 31, no. 7 (October 1996): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-114x(95)00097-i.

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