Journal articles on the topic 'Multi Stakeholder Negotiation'
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Susetyo, Cahyono, Harry Timmermans, and Bauke de Vries. "Orthogonal strategy based computer-mediated negotiation: Principles and example." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 6 (January 8, 2018): 1036–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317748160.
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Previous efforts to improve stakeholders’ involvement in planning and decision-making processes mostly put planners and decision makers as the ones who decide which solution is the best for the decision problems. In bottom-up planning and decision-making processes that supposedly involve stakeholders as much as possible, the most common practice is that when stakeholders have different preferences about the decision issues, supra decision makers such as planners and experts gather stakeholders’ preferences, and then, using their expertise and experience, decide what is the best choice for stakeholders. We approach the involvement of stakeholders in planning and decision-making not by relying on planners’ expertise but from a negotiation perspective. Previous works related to stakeholders’ negotiation mostly require stakeholders to engage in a face-to-face negotiation that seldom involves a computer system to improve the process. In this paper, we develop a negotiation system to support multi-issue and multi-stakeholder decision-making problems. In our approach, stakeholders do not directly interact with each other. Their proposals are submitted to a system that produces counter-proposals to reduce the differences among stakeholders’ proposals. Therefore, stakeholders do not exchange their preferences directly, but rather preference elicitations are mediated by the system. This approach is called computer-mediated negotiation. The system itself is based on the principle of an orthogonal strategy. Our computer-mediated negotiation protocol consists of two main phases. The first phase is the preference elicitation phase, which measures stakeholders’ utility functions. The second phase is the e-negotiation phase, in which stakeholders make their proposals and the computer system provides suggestions to improve them. To simulate real-world negotiations where stakeholders make proposals and counter-proposals in a series of negotiation rounds, we implemented the indifference curve approach to enable stakeholders to make incremental changes of their proposals during negotiation. The results from our experiment suggest that our method can produce an optimum solution for a multi-issue and multi-stakeholder decision problem by moving stakeholders’ proposals closer to one another.
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van Buuren, Arwin, and Jeroen Warner. "Multi-Stakeholder Learning and Fighting on the River Scheldt." International Negotiation 14, no. 2 (2009): 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180609x432888.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the history of conflict and cooperation on the river Scheldt. Dutch-Flemish relations over the shared Scheldt estuary go back for centuries. Only in the past 10 years has there been intensive negotiation on a joint vision for its future which takes the form of a cooperative multi-stakeholder platform incorporating public, private and NGO representatives. Yet, relations have not always been cooperative; negotiations have been tense at times. After discussing the merits of a learning- versus a fighting-oriented analysis and capturing its dynamics in a TWINS matrix, this study proposes an approach that combines collaboration with competition, or learning and fighting. The case analysis finds that relations were often conflictual and cooperative simultaneously and warns against undue optimism about the multi-stakeholder process on the Scheldt estuary.
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Warner, Jeroen. "Multi-stakeholder platforms: integrating society in water resource management?" Ambiente & Sociedade 8, no. 2 (December 2005): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-753x2005000200001.
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Multi-Stakeholder Platforms are a currently popular concept in the international water world. It is however not a very well defined phenomenon. The present article unpacks the concept, proposes to see platforms as networks, and identifies two ´schools of thought´: social learning and negotiation. It attempts a preliminary typology of platforms encountered in real life, in which the Comités de Bacia in Brazil, for all their shortcomings, come out as a relatively influential type. In closing, the article then identifies reasons for non-participation, suggesting that it is an inevitable corollary of organised participation.
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Chaloux, Annie, Stéphane Paquin, and Hugo Séguin. "Canada’s Multiple Voices Diplomacy in Climate Change Negotiations: A Focus on Québec." International Negotiation 20, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341311.
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This article sheds light on the complexity of international climate change negotiations in a federal country, like Canada, where there is no clear attribution of full power over international negotiation concerning this issue. Climate change is a multi-level and multi-stakeholder issue, one that can only be tackled successfully if all actors, at all levels of government, are involved in the process. In recent years, Canadian provinces, especially Québec, have become intensely involved in climate change paradiplomacy. That situation has led to a Canadian paradox where the Government of Québec worked to respect the Kyoto Protocol and act accordingly, while Canada opted out of the Protocol in 2011.
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Kim, Dong-Young. "Understanding Integrated Environmental Assessment in a Multi-Stakeholder Negotiation via Role-Play." Simulation & Gaming 45, no. 1 (January 13, 2014): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878113517369.
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de Castro-Pardo, Mónica, and João C. Azevedo. "A Goal Programming Model to Guide Decision-Making Processes towards Conservation Consensuses." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041959.
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In this paper we propose a goal programming model that provides a consensual aggregated solution minimizing conflicts to guide multi-stakeholder decision-making processes and generates information regarding stakeholder groups to be exploited for negotiation purposes. This model permits to quantify variations in conflicts when the relative contribution of each criteria changes and gives insight to negotiation strategies with application in conservation areas. A dataset of a case study in the Meseta Ibérica Biosphere Reserve (Portugal-Spain) was used to test and validate the model. Fifty people belonging to four groups (scientists, government, farmers and businesspersons) assessed 20 management objectives in four dimensions: conservation, logistical support, development, and governance. The results showed the highest conflicts to be found for fauna and flora, education, and guarantees objectives while the most conflictive groups were scientists and farmers. The proposed model substantially reduced the global and intergroup conflicts associated to the same objectives, modelling the weights assigned to each objective in each dimension to find the most consensual/least conflictive solutions. This model can be a useful tool to improve complex decision-making processes in conservation areas with strong conflicts between stakeholders, such as transboundary biosphere reserves.
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Michaud, Myriam, and Luc K. Audebrand. "Inside out, outside in: “supporting members” in multi-stakeholder cooperatives." Management Decision 57, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 1382–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2017-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine multi-stakeholder cooperatives (MSCs), a relatively new and understudied type of cooperative, by focusing on the impact of a new member status: the “supporting member.” Supporting members are included in the ownership structure, participate in the decision-making process and contribute to the share capital without being formally defined as users of the cooperative’s services, an important disruption to the traditional cooperative venture. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 30 members (i.e. founders, managers, board members and employees) of 14 MSCs located in the Canadian province of Québec. Findings This study suggests that including supporting members in the cooperative venture impacts the three core features of cooperatives, which are traditionally user-owned, user-controlled and user-benefiting. Despite supporting members’ positive contributions to an MSC’s development and success, the inclusion of such members generates management challenges and organizational paradoxes. Social implications The inclusion of supporting members allows MSCs to become an experiment in “stakeholder democracy” and a space of negotiation between organizations, citizens and institutions, as MSCs represent and embody some of the community’s needs and desires. Originality/value This study constitutes an original contribution to paradox literature, as it describes the specific upward and downward spirals related to the inclusion of supporting members, highlights innovative responses to these paradoxes and extends understandings of cooperatives as hybrid organizations entangled in bundles of paradoxes.
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Komendantova, Nadejda, Leena Marashdeh, Love Ekenberg, Mats Danielson, Franziska Dettner, Simon Hilpert, Clemens Wingenbach, Kholoud Hassouneh, and Ahmed Al-Salaymeh. "Water–Energy Nexus: Addressing Stakeholder Preferences in Jordan." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 6168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156168.
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The water and energy sectors are fundamentally linked. In Jordan, especially in the face of a changing climate, the water–energy nexus holds a number of challenges but also opportunities. A key point in exploring synergies is the identification of such, as well as the communication between the water and energy sectors. This paper promotes the importance of using a co-creative approach to help resolve opposing views and assessing stakeholder preferences in the context of the water–energy nexus in Jordan. A computer-supported, co-creative approach was used to evaluate stakeholder preferences and opinions on criteria and future scenarios for the energy and water sector in Jordan, identifying common difficulties and possibilities. The criteria describe socio-ecological aspects as well as techno-economic aspects for both systems. Discussing a set of preliminary scenarios describing possible energy and water futures ranked under a set of sector relevant criteria, a consensus between both stakeholder groups is reached. The robustness of results is determined, using a second-order probabilistic approach. The results indicate that there are no fundamental conflicts between the energy and water stakeholder groups. Applying a participatory multi-stakeholder, multi-criteria framework to the energy-water nexus case in Jordan promotes a clear understanding of where different stakeholder groups stand. This understanding and agreement can form the basis of a joint water–energy nexus policy used in the continued negotiation process between and within national and international cooperation, as well as promoting and developing acceptable suggestions to solve complex problems for both sectors.
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Apperl, B., J. Andreu, T. P. Karjalainen, and M. Pulido-Velazquez. "Contribution of the Multi Attribute Value Theory to conflict resolution in groundwater management. Application to the Mancha Oriental groundwater system, Spain." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2014): 10235–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-10235-2014.
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Abstract. The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive demands participatory water resource management approaches. Decision making in groundwater quantity and quality management is complex because of the existence of many independent actors, heterogeneous stakeholder interests, multiple objectives, different potential policies, and uncertain outcomes. Conflicting stakeholder interests have been often identified as an impediment to the realization and success of water regulations and policies. The management of complex groundwater systems requires clarifying stakeholders' positions (identifying stakeholders preferences and values), improving transparency with respect to outcomes of alternatives, and moving the discussion from the selection of alternatives towards definition of fundamental objectives (value-thinking approach), what facilitates negotiation. The aims of the study are to analyse the potential of the multi attribute value theory for conflict resolution in groundwater management and to evaluate the benefit of stakeholder incorporation in the different stages of the planning process to find an overall satisfying solution for groundwater management. The research was conducted in the Mancha Oriental groundwater system (Spain), subject to an intensive use of groundwater for irrigation. A complex set of objectives and attributes were defined, and the management alternatives were created by a combination of different fundamental actions, considering different implementation stages and future changes in water resources availability. Interviews were conducted with representative stakeholder groups using an interactive platform, showing simultaneously the consequences of changes of preferences to the alternative ranking. Results show that the acceptation of alternatives depends strongly on the combination of measures and the implementation stages. Uncertainties of the results were notable but did not influence heavily on the alternative ranking. The expected reduction of future groundwater resources by climate change increases the conflict potential. The implementation of the method to a very complex case study, with many conflicting objectives and alternatives and uncertain outcomes, including future scenarios under water limiting conditions, illustrate the potential of the method for supporting management decisions.
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Apperl, B., M. Pulido-Velazquez, J. Andreu, and T. P. Karjalainen. "Contribution of the multi-attribute value theory to conflict resolution in groundwater management – application to the Mancha Oriental groundwater system, Spain." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 3 (March 9, 2015): 1325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1325-2015.
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Abstract. The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive demands participatory water resource management approaches. Decision making in groundwater quantity and quality management is complex because of the existence of many independent actors, heterogeneous stakeholder interests, multiple objectives, different potential policies, and uncertain outcomes. Conflicting stakeholder interests have often been identified as an impediment to the realisation and success of water regulations and policies. The management of complex groundwater systems requires the clarification of stakeholders' positions (identifying stakeholder preferences and values), improving transparency with respect to outcomes of alternatives, and moving the discussion from the selection of alternatives towards the definition of fundamental objectives (value-thinking approach), which facilitates negotiation. The aims of the study are to analyse the potential of the multi-attribute value theory for conflict resolution in groundwater management and to evaluate the benefit of stakeholder incorporation into the different stages of the planning process, to find an overall satisfying solution for groundwater management. The research was conducted in the Mancha Oriental groundwater system (Spain), subject to intensive use of groundwater for irrigation. A complex set of objectives and attributes was defined, and the management alternatives were created by a combination of different fundamental actions, considering different implementation stages and future changes in water resource availability. Interviews were conducted with representative stakeholder groups using an interactive platform, showing simultaneously the consequences of changes in preferences to the alternative ranking. Results show that the approval of alternatives depends strongly on the combination of measures and the implementation stages. Uncertainties in the results were notable, but did not influence the alternative ranking heavily. The expected reduction in future groundwater resources by climate change increases the conflict potential. The implementation of the method in a very complex case study, with many conflicting objectives and alternatives and uncertain outcomes, including future scenarios under water limiting conditions, illustrates the potential of the method for supporting management decisions.
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Lidon, Bruno, Jean-Marie Lopez, Hendri Sosiawan, Budi Kartiwa, Bernard Triomphe, Jean-Yves Jamin, Stefano Farolfi, Robin Bourgeois, and Nicolas Becu. "Approach and impact of a participatory process for the reorganization of irrigation management: a case study in Indonesia." Cahiers Agricultures 27, no. 2 (March 2018): 25006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018015.
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The paper emphasizes key lessons learnt about a research intervention implemented from 2006 to 2009 to solve water access conflicts in the Klaten irrigated rice production area (Central Java, Indonesia). To make stakeholders’ involvement easier, to empower them and build their capacity, action research was carried out according to a flexible and iterative approach. Each step involved a cycle of diagnosis, action planning, implementation, evaluation and learning. The paper shows the need to facilitate the functioning of a multi-stakeholder platform through the creation of a monitoring mechanism in order to ensure, on the one hand, stakeholders’ involvement within the action-research process and on the other hand, foster brainstorming and mutual learning among participants. The paper brings to the fore the usefulness of assessing findings of multidisciplinary and participatory appraisals through modeling and geo-referenced mapping tools in order to facilitate collective learning, negotiation and technical and institutional innovation. Finally, through the assessment of the evolution of the farmers’ association, whose creation was a project outcome, the paper reflects about key issues and key steps that have contributed to carry on successfully the developed methodology.
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Rothenberger, D., U. Frei, and F. Brugger. "Policy principles and implementation guidelines for private sector participation in the water sector — a step towards better results." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0226.
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To achieve the Millennium Development Goals, all partners (public, private, NGOs) must be engaged for improving and expanding the water supply and sanitation services. Yet, high transaction costs, unclear role allocation and lack of trust and commitment put Private Sector Participation (PSP) at risk. The initiative “Policy Principles and Implementation Guidelines for Private Sector Participation in Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation” contributes to equitable, effective, ecological and efficient PSP projects. Based on a multi stakeholder process, the Policy Principles are offering an open and transparent framework for the negotiation of valid, widely accepted and action-oriented solutions, while the Implementation Guidelines focus on success factors for building partnerships on the operational level.
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He, Ru, Chui-Yong Zheng, and Huan-Huan Zhao. "A Novel Incentive Mechanism with Government Subsidy for the Key Technologies R&D of New Energy Automobile Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1041291.
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The key technology research and development (R&D) of new energy automobile industry is a collaborative innovation activity of multi-innovation subjects, and how to set up effective incentive mechanisms and safeguards to stimulate innovative subjects and urge them to invest in corresponding efforts is crucial to ensure the success of key technologies R&D in the new energy automobile industry. To solve the incentive problem of key technology R&D of new energy automobile industry, considering government subsidy and the risk attitude of government and innovation subject, from the perspective of stakeholder negotiation and system coordination, introduce the minimum-cost consensus method into grey target decision-making and set constraint conditions to ensure a stable and effective incentive method. Then use a case to verify the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed model.
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Lupi, Lucia. "City Data Plan: The Conceptualisation of a Policy Instrument for Data Governance in Smart Cities." Urban Science 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030091.
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This paper presents the conceptualisation of the City Data Plan, a data governance policy instrument intended to connect the production and use of urban data in a comprehensive and evolutive long-term strategy aligned with city development goals. The concept of the City Data Plan had been elaborated by taking into account current issues related to privacy and manipulation of data in smart city. The methodological approach adopted to define the nature of a City Data Plan is grounded on the conceptual and empirical parallelism with corporate data governance plans and general urban plans, respectively aimed to regulate decision-making powers and actions on data in enterprise contexts, and the interests of local stakeholders in the access and use of urban resources. The result of this analytic process is the formulation of the outline of a City Data Plan as a data governance policy instrument to support the iterative negotiation between the instances of data producers and data users for instantiating shared smart city visions. The conceptualisation of the City Data Plan includes a description of the multi-stakeholder organisational structures for the city data governance, cooperation protocols and decision areas, responsibilities assignments, components of the plan and its implementation mechanisms.
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Trieb, Carolin-Anna. "Application of learning technologies to promote holistic thinking and consensus building in global studies." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 33, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose Acting in an increasingly complex and dynamic global world requires students to analyze and discuss professionally many of the international challenges that the world is facing due to globalization. The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the implementation of information and learning technologies (ILTs) in the practical case of the web-based negotiation game “Surfing Global Change (SGC),” which fosters holistic thinking and consensus building. The paper analyzes the technological and social processes during the game and provides a brief overview of its content, in this case the migration and refugee crisis in Austria in 2015. Design/methodology/approach Review and evaluation of the social and technological processes connected to SGC by one participating student, in this case the author of this paper, to enhance students’ points of view on ILTs. Findings The implementation of ILTs in university learning environments enhances student motivation and optimizes learning experiences. By slipping into different roles, taking perspectives and finding a consensus, SGC fosters holistic thinking, sensitivity, negotiation and problem-solving skills, which are essential in a variety of multi-cultural settings. Research limitations/implications The results obtained are based on a single case study and a single student’s viewpoint. According to the rules of SGC, the chapter that focuses on the case study, i.e., the refugee and migration crisis in Austria, is written from the perspective of the stakeholder “concerned citizen” and does not necessarily reflect the personal opinion of the author. Originality/value Participants’ perspectives of, experiences with and evaluations of ILTs are essential to improve the quality of web-based learning tools, such as SGC.
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HOWLETT, MICHAEL. "Beyond Legalism? Policy Ideas, Implementation Styles and Emulation-Based Convergence in Canadian and U.S. Environmental Policy." Journal of Public Policy 20, no. 3 (December 2000): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00000866.
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Past studies of the dynamics of U.S.-Canada environmental policy and policy-making have found little evidence of ‘weak’ convergence in this sector; that is, of Canadian policy moving towards the U.S. model of adversarial legalism, an implementation style based upon procedural policy instruments such as action-forcing statutes, citizen suits, and judicial activism. However, recent efforts at de-regulation and the reformation of government in the U.S., and moves towards multi-stakeholder policy-making in Canada, have altered the standard against which trends towards Canadian^ American convergence must be assessed. These reforms have moved the U.S. environmental regulatory system closer to that existing in Canada, in which regulations and other elements of the environmental regime are developed through negotiation rather than litigation. Since Canadian environmental implementation has also been altered over the same period, however, it is argued that a form of ‘strong’ convergence is emerging, in which both countries are moving not towards each other but towards a third, common, style, that associated with the development of self-regulation and voluntary initiatives under the influence of New Public Management ideas and principles.
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Bisht, Medha. "Advocacy Groups and Multi-Stakeholder Negotiations." International Studies 45, no. 2 (April 2008): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002088170804500203.
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Li, Simeng, Zhimin Liu, and Chao Ye. "Community Renewal under Multi-Stakeholder Co-Governance: A Case Study of Shanghai’s Inner City." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 5491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095491.
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Multi-stakeholder (e.g., governments, residents, the “3C” of community and “third party”) co-governance has become a hot topic in the community-renewal research field. However, the co-ordination of various rights and interests hinders the co-governance of multiple stakeholders, particularly in China. Current research on the mechanisms of multiple co-governance remains inadequate. This article presents a typical case of multi-stakeholder co-governance for community renewal with respect to adding elevators to an apartment building in Shanghai’s inner city. The multi-stakeholder co-governance process involved in this research differs from the traditional model, which is mainly led by governments. Field investigations and in-depth interviews were employed to explore how multiple stakeholders conduct dialogues and negotiations in the process of elevator installation. We summarize the key elements of community renewal, show the internal mechanism, and provide a new practical and methodological investigation of multi-stakeholder co-governance. This article highlights the significance of a good interest-co-ordination mechanism and simplification of the community-renewal process. It is also suggested to encourage the participation of multiple stakeholders and to promote co-operation between the community and enterprises in community governance.
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Trif, Sabina, Petru Lucian Curseu, Oana Catalina Fodor, and Alina Maria Flestea. "An attributional account of power in multi-party negotiations." International Journal of Conflict Management 31, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 821–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-10-2019-0189.
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Purpose Multi-party systems (MPS) comprise interdependent stakeholders (teams, organizations) that engage in complex interactions and negotiations. Building on the approach/inhibition theory of power, the self-enhancement strategy and on social interdependence theory, this study aims to understand the mediating role of attributions (i.e. perception of who/what is responsible for a certain outcome) in the relation between perceptions of the stakeholders’ power (i.e. self-perceptions of power, power ascribed to others and others’ perception of one’s own power) and their perceptions of intergroup climate and future collaborative intentions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 30 groups (113 participants) that took part in five multi-party simulations concerning the negotiation of funds allocation among six stakeholders. The authors have evaluated attributions, intergroup climate and future collaborative intentions using questionnaires and different facets of systemic power were derived from a round-robin procedure. Findings Mixed models and multi-level mediation analyses were carried out, and the results show that self-attributed power and power attributed by others predict internal attributions, while power attributed to others predicts external attributions. Moreover, attributions mediate the relationship between perceived power and future collaborative intention, as well as between power and perceptions of intergroup climate. Practical implications Managing the multi-party systems is a complex endeavor, and the results point toward ways in which power dynamics in multi-party systems can be addressed. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first empirical attempts to explore the association between the perceptions of power and attributions in multi-party systems engaged in negotiation tasks.
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Stahel, Rolf A., Denis Lacombe, Fatima Cardoso, Paolo G. Casali, Anastassia Negrouk, Richard Marais, Anita Hiltbrunner, and Malvika Vyas. "Current models, challenges and best practices for work conducted between European academic cooperative groups and industry." ESMO Open 5, no. 2 (March 2020): e000628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000628.
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BackgroundThe academia-industry interface is important, and, despite challenges that inevitably occur, bears the potential for positive synergies to emerge. Perceived barriers to wider collaboration in academia-industry oncology research in Europe need to be addressed, current academic cooperative group and industry models for collaboration need to be discussed, and a common terminology to facilitate understanding of both sectors’ concerns needs to be established with an eye towards improving academia-industry partnerships on clinical trials for the benefit of patients with cancer.MethodologyCAREFOR (Clinical Academic Cancer Research Forum), a multi-stakeholder platform formed to improve the direction for academic clinical trials in the field of oncology in Europe, formed the CAREFOR-Industry Working Group comprised of experienced professionals from European academic cooperative groups joined by industry representatives selected based on their activities in the area of medical oncology. They jointly discussed academic cooperative groups, clinical trials conducted between academic cooperative groups and industry, examples of successful collaborative models, common legal negotiation points in clinical trial contracts, data access, and principles of interaction.ResultsFour principles of interaction between the academia and industry are proposed: (1) clarify the roles and responsibilities of all partners involved in the study, (2) involve legal teams from an early stage; (3) acknowledge that data is an important output of the study, (4) agree on the intent of the trial prior to its start.ConclusionsThe CAREFOR-Industry Working Group describes current models, challenges, and effective strategies for academia-industry research in Europe with an eye towards improving academia-industry partnerships on clinical trials for patients with cancer. Current perceived challenges are explained, and future opportunities/recommendations for improvement are described for the areas of most significant impact. Challenges are addressed from both the academic and industry perspectives, and principles of interaction for the optimal alignment between academia and industry in selected areas are proposed.
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Straatsma, Menno W., Jan M. Fliervoet, Johan A. H. Kabout, Fedor Baart, and Maarten G. Kleinhans. "Towards multi-objective optimization of large-scale fluvial landscaping measures." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 1167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1167-2019.
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Abstract. Adapting densely populated deltas to the combined impacts of climate change and socioeconomic developments presents a major challenge for their sustainable development in the 21st century. Decisions for the adaptations require an overview of cost and benefits and the number of stakeholders involved, which can be used in stakeholder discussions. Therefore, we quantified the trade-offs of common measures to compensate for an increase in discharge and sea level rise on the basis of relevant, but inexhaustive, quantitative variables. We modeled the largest delta distributary of the Rhine River with adaptation scenarios driven by (1) the choice of seven measures, (2) the areas owned by the two largest stakeholders (LS) versus all stakeholders (AS) based on a priori stakeholder preferences, and (3) the ecological or hydraulic design principle. We evaluated measures by their efficiency in flood hazard reduction, potential biodiversity, number of stakeholders as a proxy for governance complexity, and measure implementation cost. We found that only floodplain lowering over the whole study area can offset the altered hydrodynamic boundary conditions; for all other measures, additional dike raising is required. LS areas comprise low hanging fruits for water level lowering due to the governance simplicity and hydraulic efficiency. Natural management of meadows (AS), after roughness smoothing and floodplain lowering, represents the optimum combination between potential biodiversity and flood hazard lowering, as it combines a high potential biodiversity with a relatively low hydrodynamic roughness. With this concept, we step up to a multidisciplinary, quantitative multi-parametric, and multi-objective optimization and support the negotiations among stakeholders in the decision-making process.
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Mc Culloch-Jones, Samantha, Peter Novellie, Dirk J. Roux, and Bianca Currie. "Exploring the alignment between the bottom-up and top-down objectives of a landscape-scale conservation initiative." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000321.
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SummaryGlobally, there is a trend towards conserving biodiversity by promoting co-management with multiple stakeholders at landscape scales. Environmental policies emphasize stakeholder engagement in decision-making, yet landscape conservation is typically a bureaucratic–scientific endeavour. Building trusting relationships with stakeholders is key to negotiations that minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies. Incorporating shared stakeholder objectives improves co-management, as they act as incentives for participation and trust development. We explored the degree of alignment between the bottom-up stakeholder objectives and top-down management objectives of a landscape-scale conservation initiative on the West Coast of South Africa. We categorized stakeholders into six affiliations representing governmental, private and community organizations, and using a social-ecological inventory we identified ten shared objectives. Of these objectives, three were shared between all affiliations, namely biodiversity conservation, socioeconomic development and coordination of the landscape approach. The first two aligned with the top-down landscape management objectives and the latter did not. The importance of coordinating landscape approaches in multi-stakeholder landscape-scale initiatives is crucial to long-term success, and we recommend that it be formally included as a landscape management objective. Exploring the alignment between bottom-up and top-down objectives can highlight overlooked functions of co-management and can reduce the transaction costs of sustaining conservation efforts in the long term.
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Tamara, A. R., N. M. Heise Vigil, N. Liswanti, S. Arwida, A. M. Larson, and J. P. Sarmiento Barletti. "Trust-building and leadership in multi-stakeholder forums: lessons from Indonesia." International Forestry Review 23, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821833466068.
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Multi-stakeholder forums (MSFs) are coordination spaces that enable discussions, negotiations, and joint planning between different kinds of actors. Proponents of MSFs claim that bringing different actors to the same table may help solve complex problems. Nevertheless, an MSF's process and outcomes are affected by its leadership and whether participants are able to trust each other. This paper examines the influence of trust and leadership in three MSFs addressing land and resource use in three subnational jurisdictions in Indonesia. The comparative analysis of semi-structured and Q-methodology interviews carried out with MSF participants and non-participants demonstrates the following. First, that the presence of conflicting interests of different stakeholders can hinder trust-building and cooperation. Understanding the historical relationships between stakeholders, including any positive informal relationships, is necessary to build a better strategy to handle antagonism and improve collaboration. Second, different challenges within MSFs require different kinds of leadership. A shared leadership may work in an MSF with participants with a history of positive relationships. A charismatic leader is preferable in MSFs with conflicts of interest or where participants are yet to trust each other.
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Baer, D., and C. Lindkvist. "Planning for sharing neighbourhoods – Negotiating sustainable transition with adaptive governance models." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012113.
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Abstract Thorough sharing is discussed as a promise concept to reduce emissions and enable sustainable development, little is known how the diverse approaches of sharing ranging from Collective Commons to the Sharing Economy can be incorporated in the development of the built environment. In this study, we set the spotlight on sharing and how it could be implemented as a guiding principle in neighbourhood development. We build our study on an empirical case study within the new planned zero emission neighbourhood development of Ydalir within the city of Elverum, Norway. Building on document analysis, accompanying research and a one-day workshop with diverse stakeholders, we identified respective sharing solutions to create social value for future Ydalir residents. The findings let us draw the picture of an adaptive governance model to initiate and facilitate sharing within a multi-stakeholder setting of a new planned neighbourhood development.
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Frank, Richard W., and Jessica Genauer. "A Classroom Simulation of the Syrian Conflict." PS: Political Science & Politics 52, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519000556.
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ABSTRACTThis article describes a semester-long classroom simulation of the Syrian conflict designed for an introductory international relations (IR) course. The simulation culminates with two weeks of multi-stakeholder negotiations addressing four issues: humanitarian aid, economic sanctions, ceasefire, and political transition. Students randomly play one of 15 roles involving three actor types: states, non-state actors, and international organizations. This article outlines the costs and benefits of simulation design options toward encouraging students’ understanding of IR concepts, and it proposes a course plan for tightly integrating lectures, readings, assessment, and simulation—regardless of class size or length. We highlight this integration through a discussion of two weeks’ worth of material—domestic politics and war, and non-state actors—and the incorporation of bargaining concepts and frameworks into the two weeks of simulated multi-stakeholder negotiations.
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Scholz, Roland W., and Michael Stauffacher. "Managing Transition in Clusters: Area Development Negotiations as a Tool for Sustaining Traditional Industries in a Swiss Prealpine Region." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 10 (October 2007): 2518–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38318.
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We document a two-year transdisciplinary project on the transition management processes of regional clusters in textile, timber, and dairy industries in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. This canton is a rural prealpine area, which has been historically shaped by traditional industries and which lies in the vicinity of St Gallen in the Greater Zürich Area. Scientists and regional stakeholders collaboratively planned, assessed, and discussed how to realize cooperative business strategies in order to sustain a continued presence in their selected industry. 101 stakeholders participated in a project, which made use of the area development negotiations method. This systematic and analytical method involved (a) the construction of different regional business strategies and clustering variants through formative scenario analysis, (b) a multicriteria evaluation of these variants, and (c) a multi-stakeholder consensus process on different forms of horizontal and vertical cooperation. As a result, a regional learning process with the ultimate goal of moving towards a sustainable development form was initiated between industries, public authorities, and research institutions.
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Silva, Wesley Douglas Oliveira, and Marcele Elisa Fontana. "Integrative multi-attribute negotiation model to define stakeholders’ responsibilities in the reverse flow channel." Journal of Cleaner Production 279 (January 2021): 123752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123752.
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Jana, Arnab, Rounaq Basu, and Conan Mukherjee. "A game theoretic approach to optimize multi-stakeholder utilities for land acquisition negotiations with informality." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 69 (March 2020): 100717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2019.06.002.
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Thakur, Saurabh. "From Kyoto to Paris and Beyond: The Emerging Politics of Climate Change." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 77, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 366–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284211027252.
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Anthropogenic climate change has emerged as the most disruptive socio-political issue in the last few decades. The Kyoto Protocol’s failure to curb the rising greenhouse gases emissions pushed the UNFCCC-led negotiations towards a more flexible, non-binding agreement at the Paris COP21 meeting in 2015. The Paris Agreement’s hybrid approach to climate change governance, where flexible measures like the nationally determined commitments are balanced against the ambition of limiting the global temperature within the two-degree range, ensured the emergence of an increasingly complex and multi-stakeholder climate change regime. The article outlines the roadmap of the transition from the top-down approach of Kyoto Protocol to the legally non-binding, bottom-up approaches adopted for the post-Paris phase. The article outlines the post-Paris developments in international climate politics, which hold long-term geopolitical and geoeconomic implications. The article focuses on the fundamental shifts and balances within the UNFCCC architecture and examines the four fundamental features of this transition—the interpretation of differentiation and common but differentiated responsibilities, the evolving role of emerging economies in the negotiations, the rising profile of non-party stakeholders in shaping the climate action strategies and the emergence of climate justice movements as an alternate site of climate action.
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Haddar, Imane, Brahim Raouyane, and Mostafa Bellafkih. "Service Broker-Based Architecture Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Service Level Agreement." Computer and Information Science 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v13n1p20.
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With the on-going trends of the telecom services, the number of service providers with similar functionalities is undergoing a rapid growth. The customers face the difficulty to decide which service provider can satisfy their needs and full their requirements. Negotiating contracts between involved parts, and hiding heterogeneity in the distributed network environment has been challenging for telecom operators and service providers. Different languages exist to describe the Service Level Agreement (SLA), which is a contract between a service provider and a customer. However, since each service provider expresses his SLA in his own way, it disrupts the customer's choice of the best service provider, and leads to a bad contract management. In this respect, we propose a novel architecture for service selection, and SLA management between different stakeholders in our network architecture. The idea is to set up a smart broker where we implemented a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method to maximize utility function so that the customer can choose services with required QoS performances. We also came up with the idea of settling a negotiation model for the SLA, and a context based SLA contract ontology in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network is also proposed to provide users with a clear model to express their requirements and preferences. Moreover, we used the New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) Framework to model and analyze networks and services actions. To better understand the relationship and the projection of NGOSS Framework and IMS platform, we introduce an SLA management and monitoring architecture in IMS network.
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Donders, Karen, and Tim Raats. "Analysing national practices after European state aid control: are multi-stakeholder negotiations beneficial for public service broadcasting?" Media, Culture & Society 34, no. 2 (March 2012): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443711430756.
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Li, K., and S. O. Cheung. "Are we ready for a rational discussion? The existence of biases in construction dispute negotiation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1218, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1218/1/012022.
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Abstract Embedded in a network constellation of multi-stakeholders with various professional backgrounds and differing goals, the construction industry is featured with adversarial relationships and inevitable disputes. Therefore, high quality communication and negotiation among the parties are essential in achieving speedy and less costly dispute resolution. As rational evaluation underpins quality negotiation decisions, are construction disputing parties rational as they assumed? Are there any biases that could possibly prohibit them from making prudent judgement? This study seeks to understand the existence and impact of bias in construction dispute negotiation (CDN). The existence of four types of bias in CDN were discussed: preconception, self-affirmation, optimism and interest-oriented. Three categories of de-biasing strategy were also suggested to support the efficient settlement of construction dispute. Vast resources would be saved and amicable relationship among the collaborating parties could be developed when the impact of bias was curbed. Stepping into the digital era, construction dispute resolution professionals should develop the capabilities needed to harness the benefits of technologies for innovative ways of designing a bias-free dispute resolution mechanism.
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Lee, Jiyoon, Yuko Goto Butler, and Xiaolin Peng. "Multiple Stakeholder Interaction to Enhance Preservice Teachers’ Language Assessment Literacy." Languages 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040213.
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Conducted in a U.S. English-to-Speakers-of-Other-Languages (ESOL) preservice teacher education program, this case study aimed to explore a dynamic process of preservice teachers’ development of language assessment literacy (LAL). By inviting multiple stakeholders, namely preservice teachers, an inservice teacher and her ESOL students, and their course instructor, this study closely examined the interaction among the stakeholders during a semester-long language assessment development project as a process to develop LAL. The project, which was composed of planning, development, implementation, and reflection stages, was innovative in that it: (a) involved the multiple stakeholders; (b) focused on their dynamic interactions and multi-directional influences on all the participants’ enhancement of LAL; and (c) was conducted in an online format. By employing thematic analyses on interactions among the stakeholders, this study described and analyzed how preservice teachers contextualize their assessment while negotiating the needs of the inservice teachers and their students with assistance from the course instructor. The paper identified practical benefits and challenges of professional training where multiple stakeholders are involved. It also highlighted the non-linear dynamic process of preservice teachers’ development of LAL.
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Lipuma, James, and Cristo Leon. "Collaborating Toward Convergence Efforts for K-20 STEM Education." Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 20, no. 1 (January 2022): 351–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.20.01.351.
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The paper examines the use of NSF's Collaborative Infrastructure and the Convergence Research approach for complex social innovation challenges used by the authors in their NSF INCLUDES project (#1744490). The paper clarified terminologies related to Convergence Research for multi-, co- inter- and trans-disciplinary. This paper defines and describe collaborative research at each of these interfaces. Then it discussed key factors for engaging in collaborative partnerships as individuals, with teams, and as organizations. Then, it presented concepts tied to individual factors for engagement with the attitude, investment, motivation, and scenario analysis method. Next, by drawing on business and management research, the Availability, Interest, and Knowledge methodology provided a simple way to identify the alignment of the vision, mission, and theory of change by understanding the why, what, and how of your actions. Following this, the authors integrated the concepts of strategic planning and logic models with the Universal Model of Strategic Planning. The authors discuss the double diamond model to represent the complex web of partnerships and the framework developed for communication and collaboration amongst stakeholders. The result is the Collaborative Convergence Pyramid framework for negotiating understanding within a new common space being generated together. Finally, the work concluded with a discussion of the vital roles collaborative infrastructure and strategic planning played in facilitating the Convergence Research approach with a multi-stakeholder coalition.
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van Bruggen, Anne, Igor Nikolic, and Jan Kwakkel. "Modeling with Stakeholders for Transformative Change." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030825.
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Coherent responses to important problems such as climate change require involving a multitude of stakeholders in a transformative process leading to development of policy pathways. The process of coming to an agreement on policy pathways requires critical reflection on underlying system conceptualizations and commitment to building capacity in all stakeholders engaged in a social learning process. Simulation models can support such processes by providing a boundary object or negotiating artifact that allows stakeholders to deliberate through a multi-interpretable, consistent, transparent, and verifiable representation of reality. The challenge is how to structure the transdisciplinary process of involving stakeholders in simulation modeling and how to know when such a process can be labeled as transformative. There is a proliferation of approaches for this across disciplines, of which this article identifies Group Model Building, Companion Modeling, Challenge-and-Reconstruct Learning, and generic environmental modeling as the most prominent. This article systematically reviews relevant theories, terminology, principles, and methodologies across these four approaches to build a framework that can facilitate further learning. The article also provides a typology of approaches to modeling with stakeholders. It distinguishes transformative approaches that involve stakeholders from representative, instrumental and nominal forms. It is based on an extensive literature review, supported by twenty-three semi-structured interviews with participatory and non-participatory modelers. The article brings order into the abundance of conceptions of transformation, the role of simulation models in transformative change processes, the role of participation of stakeholders, and what type of approaches to modeling with stakeholders are befitting in the development of policy pathways.
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Jommi, Claudio, Giovanni Apolone, Giovanna Scroccaro, Valentina Acciai, Antonio Addis, Andrea Ardizzoni, Renato Bernardini, et al. "Drugs price and reimbursement regulation: comparators, endpoints and role of the cost-effectiveness." Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 9 (September 28, 2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2022.2475.
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This document illustrates the results of a discussion of two multi-disciplinary expert panels on pricing and reimbursement of medicines. Experts work in different organizations. The discussion focused on comparator(s), endpoint(s), negotiation of prices of new medicines and/or indications to include in the List 648, as well as the role of cost-effectiveness in the price and reimbursement negotiation. The debate took place during the fourth edition of the Seminari di Mogliano, organized on the 30th of September/1st of October, 2021. The two panels agreed on a general need to enhance interaction among the different stakeholders, in the early assessment and negotiation phases, and to increase the transparency/reproducibility of the decisions taken. The experts have also emphasized the need (i) to improve clarity in the evaluation of additional therapeutic value and the place in therapy with respect to comparators and how comparators are identified; (ii) to create work groups to identify the most appropriate endpoint(s), for each therapeutic area and level of unmet needs; (iii) to provide for a systematic use of cost-effectiveness when an added therapeutic value is delivered by a new medicine. With regard to the 648 List, the experts advocated for an overall reorganization of the current rules governing the special uses of drugs.
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Bayala, Eric Rega Christophe, Kwabena Owusu Asubonteng, Mirjam Ros-Tonen, Houria Djoudi, Freddie Sayi Siangulube, James Reed, and Terry Sunderland. "Using Scenario Building and Participatory Mapping to Negotiate Conservation-Development Trade-Offs in Northern Ghana." Land 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030580.
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In multifunctional landscapes, expanding economic activities jeopardise the integrity of biodiverse ecosystems, generating conservation-development trade-offs that require multi-stakeholder dialogue and tools to negotiate conflicting objectives. Despite the rich literature on participatory mapping and other tools to reveal different stakeholder perspectives, there is limited evidence on the application of such tools in landscape-scale negotiations. This paper addresses this gap by analysing a participatory mapping process in Ghana’s Western Wildlife Corridor, where a community-based landscape governance system called the community resource management area (CREMA) exists. Data from three participatory mapping workshops and focus group discussions with community and institutional actors reveal that increasing demand for food and natural resources and climate change impacts are drivers of landscape degradation, resulting in declining faunal and floral biodiversity and reduced ecosystem services. Meanwhile, community actors prioritise the expansion of farming land, while institutional actors prioritise forest conservation. However, scenario building and participatory mapping helped communicate each other’s aims and reach a negotiated consensus. Finally, power relations, cultural and traditional rules, and differences in knowledge affected deliberations and decision-making. We conclude that scenario building and participatory mapping can contribute to an inclusive landscape approach, provided that well-functioning multi-stakeholder platforms are in place and facilitators adequately navigate power imbalances and recognise different kinds and degrees of knowledge.
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van der Waal, Esther C., Henny J. van der Windt, Rixt Botma, and Ellen C. J. van Oost. "Being a Better Neighbor: A Value-Based Perspective on Negotiating Acceptability of Locally-Owned Wind Projects." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 8767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218767.
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We pose that instead of problematizing negative attitudes of local stakeholders, such as citizens and NGOs, wind energy implementers should be more focused on scrutinizing the acceptability of their projects. The emphasis in this study is on the potential for representation of local stakeholders’ values in the project design, including amongst others business model and placement. Informed by value sensitive design literature, we analyzed two contrasting, locally-owned wind projects in the Dutch province of Groningen: the implementation of mini-turbines in a national landscape and a large-scale multi MW wind project in an industrialized area close to a World Heritage nature reserve. The study analyses how the respective farmer-developers and other local stakeholders attempted to resolve or ameliorate inter- and intra-value conflicts regarding livability, economy, landscape, and nature. The value conflicts turned out to be fruitful to identifying key issues and creating more widely shared value conceptualizations and design priorities. Hence, from this study it can be concluded that value conflict can be productive if carefully unpacked and managed. Uneven power distribution among stakeholders in the planning process, overcoming incommensurability of perspectives, and creating intersubjectivity remain challenges.
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Li, Shuyang, and Fei Qu. "Preserving Authenticity in Urban Regeneration: A Framework for the New Definition from the Perspective of Multi-Subject Stakeholders—A Case Study of Nantou in Shenzhen, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159135.
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Urban villages are a modern heritage in China that provide affordable housing for urban immigrants and accommodate diverse communities of cohabitation. The regeneration and displacement of urban villages in the past decade have raised the potential risk of social exclusion and led to debates regarding the preservation of cultural and social authenticity. This paper establishes a new conceptual framework for the definition of authenticity from multi-subject perspectives. Taking Nantou as a massive regeneration case, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with multiple stakeholders, involving planning officials, developers, designers, researchers, merchandisers, curation NGOs, local residents, and tourists. Key factors and concepts related to the multi-subject evaluation of the planning decision and its effect on urban regeneration have been identified, using a grounded theory approach for interview analysis. A further coding of the data reveals four cognitive dimensions in the subjects’ expression of authenticity. The shift in the definition of urban authenticity implies that stakeholders might use different notions of authenticity in negotiations to resist or embrace urban interventions. The multivariant definition framework of authenticity can be adapted to guide future regeneration strategies, and would motivate the proliferation of urban preservation to take social and negotiable character into its definition.
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Utomo, Christiono, and Yani Rahmawati. "Agreement options for negotiation on material location decision of housing development." Construction Innovation 20, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-03-2019-0024.
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Purpose Different housing development stakeholders need to cooperate and collaborate to perform various project activities. Housing development requires infrastructure development, which includes preparation of sand material embankment as much as ± 200,000 m3. The objectives are to find a model for agreement options and coalition, to validate the algorithms of the best fit for material locations and to determine how much the proposed agreement option was achieved. This study provides a structured methodology that can lead to systematic support system and automated negotiation for decision-making on housing development process. Design/methodology/approach Agreement option on group decision techniques was applied to determine the relative value of the alternative solutions for performing the function of project solutions. Analytical hierarchy process based on satisficing option was applied for decision process and game theory-based agent system for coalition formation. It is conducted in two stages that determine the decision preference and decision process consisting of four steps. The steps are constructing decision hierarchy, making judgment and synthesis, determining payoff optimum and analyzing the best fit option for all decision-makers. Findings The proposed model enables each decision-maker to select individually its coalition. It will improve the value of strategic decision. All solutions are chosen by more than one decision-maker and coalitions, where all decision-makers agree with the result. It becomes possible location for the material of a housing development. A support model enables negotiation process in group decision. Decision algorithms are based on the cooperative game theory to develop the agreement options and coalition formation. Similar research studies were carried out in this area, but this research is – to the knowledge of the authors – the first to apply the satisficing of value-based on desirable and considerable. Research limitations/implications The result is limited to the first-round negotiation of collaborative decision. A trade-off algorithm among decision-maker preference is needed for negotiation process. Future research is to continue working on multi-attribute decision-making, specifically on the process of eliciting user preference models such as neural network application and value function, and on establishing expert quantitative data from qualitative description of the feature of the alternative solution. It will need the development of trade-off algorithms to analyze value of technical solution in real time. Practical implications The support model can be extended to an automated negotiation and in different strategic decision on all stages of housing development. Social implications The satisficing algorithm of the coalition will satisfy all stakeholders. This will reduce any potential conflict. Originality/value Combination of value-based decision, group decision and collaborative support. Application of coalition formation for agreement options is used to select the best fit material location. It is based on satisficing game theory rather than optimization.
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Lion, Alexis, Anne Vuillemin, Jane S. Thornton, Daniel Theisen, Saverio Stranges, and Malcolm Ward. "Physical activity promotion in primary care: a Utopian quest?" Health Promotion International 34, no. 4 (June 8, 2018): 877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day038.
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Abstract The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are acknowledged and promoted by the scientific community, especially within primary care. However, there is little evidence that such promotion is provided in any consistent or comprehensive format. Brief interventions (i.e. discussion, negotiation or encouragement) and exercise referral schemes (i.e. patients being formally referred to a PA professional) are the two dominant approaches within primary care. These cost-effective interventions can generate positive changes in health outcomes and PA levels in inactive patients who are at increased risk for non-communicable diseases. Their success relies on the acceptability and efficiency of primary care professionals to deliver PA counselling. To this end, appropriate training and financial support are crucial. Similarly, human resourcing and synergy between the different stakeholders must be addressed. To obtain maximum adherence, specific populations should be targeted and interventions adapted to their needs. Key enablers include motivational interviewing, social support and multi-disciplinary approaches. Leadership and lines of accountability must be clearly delineated to ensure the success of the initiatives promoting PA in primary care. The synergic and multisectoral action of several stakeholders, especially healthcare professionals, will help overcome physical inactivity in a sustainable way.
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Buhmann, Karin. "Integrating human rights in emerging regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility: the EU case." International Journal of Law in Context 7, no. 2 (April 27, 2011): 139–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552311000048.
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AbstractThis article analyses the EU Commission's policy-based approach to regulating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the role of international human rights law as a normative source for the regulatory output in two initiatives launched in 2002 and 2006. The article argues as a starting point that the understanding of CSR as ‘beyond law’ tends to shroud the contributions that international human rights law and legal theory based regulatory technique lend to CSR normativity and regulation, not only outside the EU but also within. The EU experience shows that due to power relations and their impact on multi-stakeholder negotiations and their outcome, this potential does necessarily unfold. It also shows that the procedural design of reflexive multi-stakeholder regulatory processes is significant for bringing forth the normative contributions of international law to CSR in public–private regulation. Finally, the article suggests that within the public policy context in which EU CSR regulation is emerging, the normative role of international human rights law which the Commission suggests for CSR in Europe and the application of the reflexive regulatory technique contribute to a substantive as well as procedural juridification of CSR, especially in the formative stage of defining CSR normativity. The latter adds a significant new perspective to the understanding of CSR and its relation to law, although it need not conflict with the understanding of CSR being ‘voluntary’ in the sense of action beyond direct legal obligations.
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Bruen, M. "Systems Analysis – a new paradigm and decision support tools for the water framework directive." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 3 (May 15, 2008): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-739-2008.
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Abstract. In the early days of Systems Analysis the focus was on providing tools for optimisation, modelling and simulation for use by experts. Now there is a recognition of the need to develop and disseminate tools to assist in making decisions, negotiating compromises and communicating preferences that can easily be used by stakeholders without the need for specialist training. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires public participation and thus provides a strong incentive for progress in this direction. This paper places the new paradigm in the context of the classical one and discusses some of the new approaches which can be used in the implementation of the WFD. These include multi-criteria decision support methods suitable for environmental problems, adaptive management, cognitive mapping, social learning and cooperative design and group decision-making. Concordance methods (such as ELECTRE) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are identified as multi-criteria methods that can be readily integrated into Decision Support Systems (DSS) that deal with complex environmental issues with very many criteria, some of which are qualitative. The expanding use of the new paradigm provides an opportunity to observe and learn from the interaction of stakeholders with the new technology and to assess its effectiveness.
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Ahmed, Zahid Shahab, and Farooq Yousaf. "Pashtun Jirgas, Their Potential in Pak-Afghan Reconciliation and National Reconstruction." South Asia Research 38, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728017748382.
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Relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan have mostly been hostile since 1947. The animosity has grown in complexity from various territorial disputes to frequent allegations of cross-border terrorism in the post-9/11 era. This article first makes a case for involving Jirgas, a traditional dispute resolution mechanism among Pashtuns, for improving peace dialogues between both countries. It presents evidence of the traditional acceptability of Jirgas by Pashtuns on both sides of the border and assesses previous official bilateral attempts of using Jirgas. It then proceeds to propose some new policy recommendations focused on national reconstruction of Afghanistan, which include involvement of the Taliban as an important local stakeholder. The dual key argument then becomes, first, that since Jirgas have long-standing local legitimacy and acceptability both in Afghanistan and Pakistan, using the strength of their social recognition would allow higher-level bilateral negotiations between the neighbours, enhancing the effectiveness of new and locally more credible forms of multi-track diplomacy. Second, reinvigorating the Jirga system would allow the Afghan people themselves to engage in fuller multi-dimensional debates on sustainable modalities for their own future, on terms to be set by them, not outsiders.
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Lamirande, Maxim. "Aspects of Designing Inclusively from Practitioner Perspectives." Architecture 2, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture2030028.
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The concept of inclusion in design is increasingly well known and often recognizes value in a greater diversity of people when creating new buildings, spaces, products, and services. Still, uptake is said to be limited in practice. The theoretical landscape provides several definitions and concerns, but they are often paradoxical. Rather than disentangle theory, this research turns to practitioners who design inclusively. This research explores the ways people advocate for inclusion in design projects, prevailing aspects in the negotiations within multi-stakeholder projects, the motivations and mindsets that drive these aspects, and the opportunities they create for the improved uptake of inclusion. Through discussions (semi-structured interviews) with six individuals from design and architecture, aspects of inclusion from practice emerged. The data were clustered thematically and organized into three parts: general project development, working with others as a team, and designing inclusively. These explorations highlight the value of including a more diverse group of individuals in the negotiations of a design project, the value of bespoke designs, the ever-evolving nature of inclusion, the different ways to present a valuable business case, and the influence of team dynamics. Conflicting perspectives on effective uptake prevail in both practice and theory. Future research will inquire on the most prevalent and valuable aspects of inclusion and their placement within current development processes.
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Martinsuo, Miia Maarit, Lauri Vuorinen, and Catherine Killen. "Lifecycle-oriented framing of value at the front end of infrastructure projects." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 12, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 617–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-09-2018-0172.
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Purpose Infrastructure projects are expected to deliver value to their stakeholders long after completion. Project value is multi-dimensional and subjective and evolves over the project lifecycle. How stakeholders frame the expected value is central to the public debate about proposed infrastructure projects and influences the financing decisions; however, this framing is inadequately understood. The purpose of this paper is to develop new knowledge for shaping infrastructure projects by identifying the ways in which stakeholders frame project value at the project front end. Design/methodology/approach Three transport infrastructure projects are compared in a qualitative, document-based study. The authors map the dimensions of value at the project front end and identify stakeholders’ approaches to lifecycle-oriented framing of value. Findings Financial, social and comparative values are dominant in the project front end. The authors frame value into positive and negative dimensions and identify four themes in the lifecycle-oriented framing of value, including uncertainties, timing of cost and benefit realization, project relations and external sponsorship. Research limitations/implications The research is limited through the focus on transport infrastructure projects and project front end only, the selection of cases from a single country and the use of document-based data. The systematic analysis approach has yielded novel analytical frameworks that will be useful for further research. Practical implications This study identifies value dimensions that are specific to transport infrastructure projects and proposes a framework to assist stakeholders and project managers to better assess and negotiate value when designing their projects. Originality/value Regional and comparative values are revealed as novel aspects of value specific to infrastructure projects. The alternative lifecycle-oriented frames offer a new way to understand and structure the co-creation of value and shape negotiation for investment decisions in the project. A portfolio perspective to investment decision making is proposed.
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Bruen, M. "Systems analysis – a new paradigm and decision support tools for the water framework directive." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 3 (June 12, 2007): 1491–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-1491-2007.
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Abstract. In the early days of Systems Analysis the focus was on providing tools for optimisation, modelling and simulation for use by experts. Now there is a recognition of the need to develop and disseminate tools to assist in making decisions, negotiating compromises and communicating preferences that can easily be used by stakeholders without the need for specialist training. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires public participation and thus provides a strong incentive for progress in this direction. This paper places the new paradigm in the context of the classical one and discusses some of the new approaches which can be used in the implementation of the WFD. These include multi-criteria decision support methods suitable for environmental problems, adaptive management, cognitive mapping, social learning and cooperative design and group decision-making. Concordance methods (such as ELECTRE) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are identified as multi-criteria methods that can be readily integrated into Decision Support Systems (DSS) that deal with complex environmental issues with very many criteria, some of which are qualitative. The expanding use of the new paradigm provides an opportunity to observe and learn from the interaction of stakeholders with the new technology and to assess its effectiveness. This is best done by trained sociologists fully integrated into the processes. The WINCOMS research project is an example applied to the implementation of the WFD in Ireland.
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Johnson, Ian, and Terri Lewinson. "Reinventing Housing Care: Environmental Negotiations Made in Congregate Settings During COVID-19." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1456.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic prompted an urgent reconsideration of space and place within congregate housing. Research has only underscored the need for health-promoting physical alterations to residential environments (Peters & Halleran, 2020), but also generated lasting questions about the relationships between congregate environments and their residents, visitors, and workforce —among them, what ways can environments be negotiated to reduce risk (Dosa et al., 2020)? How can environments enact care for formal caregivers (Chen & Chavalier, 2021)? Who might be challenged by this care which may question the dangers associated with proximity (Lynn, 2020)? This symposium focuses on the ways stakeholders within congregate housing observed, related to, and negotiated changes to space and place during the pandemic. Paper 1 presents an organizational case study investigating provider perspectives of how housing and healthcare responses to COVID have shaped palliative care with unhoused patients during the pandemic. Paper 2 highlights the collaborative work of a multi-sector coalition working to address timely needs of residents in low-income senior buildings. Paper 3 reflects on the formation of a cross-national senior housing network and the interdisciplinary exchange of best practices and policy recommendations that emerged. The collective findings of these papers challenge previous notions of care in congregate environments, illuminate how provider networks respond to crises and share emergent knowledge, and consider how institutional decisions about the pandemic have re-placed and re-spaced provider and patient experiences. This symposium offers observations and strategies that may assist in envisioning successful congregate care during COVID-19 and beyond.
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Ma, Chun Yu, and Jeroen van Ameijde. "Adaptable modular construction systems and multi-objective optimisation strategies for mass-customised housing: A new user-driven paradigm for high-rise living in Hong Kong." International Journal of Architectural Computing 20, no. 1 (March 2022): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14780771221082255.
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There has been a recent increase in the exploration of ‘the discrete’ in architecture, speculating on how an integrated approach to design, fabrication, assembly and inhabitation can disrupt the traditional investment- and decision-making models in the housing industry. Strategically designed part-to-whole systems allow for differentiation and reconfiguration, and the incorporation of different end-user’ requirements. This potential of ‘democratising’ housing production requires further research into how the negotiation between multiple stakeholders’ preferences can be guided through digital methods. This paper presents a research-by-design project that applies a digital and discrete material system to high-rise housing in Hong Kong, a typology which often features high degrees of standardisation. Through the development of an adaptable modular construction system and a multi-objective optimisation workflow, a system is explored that addresses the challenges of high-rise construction, and of customising high-density housing. The case study project demonstrates the ability of the workflow’s evolutionary algorithm to balance complex requirements including maximising views, daylight access and internal connectivity according to diverse user requirements.
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Marques, S., V. A. Bushenkov, A. V. Lotov, M. Marto, and J. G. Borges. "Bi-Level Participatory Forest Management Planning Supported by Pareto Frontier Visualization." Forest Science 66, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz014.
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Abstract This research addresses the problem of forested landscape management planning in contexts characterized by multiple ecosystem services and multiple stakeholders. A new methodology for participatory landscape-level forest management is proposed. Specifically, a bilevel representation is used, whereas models of subsystems are used for constructing an integrated model of the master problem. Participatory workshops and interactive visualization of the Pareto frontier are used to support the solution of the multi-objective optimization upper- and lower-level problems. The visualization is implemented by a technique—Interactive Decision Maps—that displays interactively the Pareto frontier in the form of decision maps, that is, collections of the objectives’ tradeoff curves. Since the upper-level problem may be characterized by a large number of decision variables, we compare the Pareto frontier generated by the Interactive Decision Maps technique with the Pareto frontier generated by a decomposition approach that builds from the Pareto frontiers of the lower-level subproblems. The approach supports further the negotiation between upper- and lower-level goals. Results are discussed for a large-scale application in a forested landscape in northwest Portugal.