Academic literature on the topic 'Multi-Scale Material Characterization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multi-Scale Material Characterization"
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Lamberti, Luciano. "Advances in Multi-Scale Mechanical Characterization of Materials with Optical Methods." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 7282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237282.
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The mechanical characterization of materials embraces many different aspects, such as, for example, (i) to assess materials’ constitutive behavior under static and dynamic conditions; (ii) to analyze material microstructure; (iii) to assess the level of damage developed in the material; (iv) to determine surface/interfacial properties; and (v) to optimize manufacturing processes in terms of process speed and reliability and obtain the highest quality of manufactured products [...]
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Pearce, Chris, and Lukasz Kaczmarczyk. "Multi-Scale Modeling of Heterogeneous Materials and the Validation Challenge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 70 (August 2011): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.345.
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This paper considers multi-scale modeling strategies for heterogeneous materials while also highlighting the problems of determining experimentally the micro-scale properties and validating such techniques. Multi-scale modeling techniques enable us to capture the influence of (evolving) heterogeneous material microstructures on the overall macroscopic behavior. This paper discusses computational multi-scale modeling techniques for problems both with and without poor scale separation. In developing these powerful multi-scale modeling techniques, the obvious challenge of validating both the material behavior at multiple scales and the associated scale transition methodologies, using advances in material characterization and experimental mechanics, comes into sharp focus and this will be briefly explored here.
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Hatzell, Kelsey. "(Invited) Multi-Scale Implications of Material Heterogeneity on Solid State Battery Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 6 (August 28, 2023): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0161073mtgabs.
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Solid state batteries are comprised of an ensemble of materials with varying structural, mechanical, chemical, and transport properties1,2. Orchestrating these materials to act synergistically and enable high power and high energy densities requires understanding how solid state electrodes and electrolytes can be engineered to enable: (1) efficient ion and electron transport and (2) maintain uniform contact between components during electrochemical cycling. Bulk processing approaching (e.g. coating, sintering, densification, etc.) do not lead to much control over material properties across various length scales (nano-to-meso). Material heterogenities exist within the cathode, solid electrolyte, and anode. In the cathode, the solid electrolyte and active material can be non-uniformly distributed leading to bottlenecks for transport and non-uniform active material utilization. In the solid electrolyte, active and passive heterogenities can influence how the ion moves between the anode and cathode and cause deleterious current focusing dynamics3,4. Finally, at the anode voiding and contact loss can occur in alkali metal anodes. This talk discusses our recent work combining operando synchrotron studies, electrochemical characterization, and advanced material characterization to unravel the implications of heterogenity on performance and degradation mechanism in solid state batteries. [1] Zaman, Wahid, and Kelsey B. Hatzell. "Processing and manufacturing of next generation lithium-based all solid-state batteries." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 26.4 (2022): 101003. [2] Ren, Yuxun, and Kelsey B. Hatzell. "Elasticity-oriented design of solid-state batteries: challenges and perspectives." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9.24 (2021): 13804-13821. [3]Dixit, Marm B., et al. "Polymorphism of garnet solid electrolytes and its implications for grain-level chemo-mechanics." Nature Materials 21.11 (2022): 1298-1305. [4]Ren, Yuxun, Nicholas Hortance, and Kelsey B. Hatzell. "Mitigating Chemo-Mechanical Failure in Li-S Solid State Batteries with Compliant Cathodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169.6 (2022): 060503.
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Li, He, Lingjie Li, Haozhang Zhong, Hanxuan Mo, and Mengyuan Gu. "Hierarchical lattice: Design strategy and topology characterization." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 6 (June 2023): 168781322311796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132231179623.
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The structure-material integrated design is an art-of-state concept and be enabled by additive manufacturing. The lattice material is classified into structure as well as material because mechanical properties are determined by its topology. However, the lack of a flexible design strategy hinders the lattice achieve the structure-material integrated material candidate. This work suggests the strut-nested based strategies to effectively conduct the hierarchical lattice design. The strut in the larger-scale lattice can be replaced by the smaller-scale lattice structure through the rotation, stretching, and translation operations combining the local and global numbering, thereby complete the multi-scale lattice design. The design skills are well elucidated with custom-developed algorithm; a serious of complex lattices achieve multi-scale design. The influence of hierarchical structures in lattices on a significant parameter, strut length-to-diameter, is identified. Our work offers the alternative strategy to realize the hierarchical lattice design.
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Haussener, Sophia. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Transport Characterization in Nano and Micron-Sized Multi-Component and Multi-Functional Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 38 (July 7, 2022): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01381649mtgabs.
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Porous and heterogeneous materials are core components in energy conversion and storage devices such as batteries, fuel cells and electrolyzers, or photoelectrochemical fuel generators. The heterogeneity and structural complexity of: i) the multi-functional nature of the applications requiring the presence of various functional materials in close vicinity, ii) nano- and micron-scale structuring of the material required to overcome the bulk material transport limitations, and iii) cheap and simple synthesis methods resulting in stochastic and complex morphologies. Understanding of the multi-physical transport phenomena and optimization of the component for enhanced performance, requires an accurate modelling and prediction of the transport properties, which heavily rely on the complex nano to micron-scale morphology. In this presentation, I will show how tomography-based direct numerical simulation scan be used for the accurate numerical characterization of the heterogeneous components’ transport properties. We will use X-ray micro-tomography for the characterization of the (thermal) transport in partially saturated gas diffusion layers/electrodes or in porous thermochemical reactors, and FIB-SEM nano-tomography for the multi-physical transport characterization of photoelectordes for water splitting and catalyst layers of CO2 reducing gas diffusion electrodes. I will show how we have built up a digital library of (photo)electrodes. Furthermore, I will show how machine learning approaches can be used to guide the design of optimized structures.
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Zhang, XiaoSheng, FuYun Zhu, GuangYi Sun, and HaiXia Zhang. "Fabrication and characterization of squama-shape micro/nano multi-scale silicon material." Science China Technological Sciences 55, no. 12 (April 13, 2012): 3395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4853-2.
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Paul, Abigail, Regan Magee, Warren Wilczewski, Nathan Wichert, Caleb Gula, Rudolph Olson, Eric Shereda, et al. "Characterization and Analysis of Coal-Derived Graphite for Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 4 (August 9, 2024): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-014670mtgabs.
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Graphite is a critical material used as the negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries. Both natural and synthetic graphites are utilized, with the latter obtained from a range of carbon raw materials. In this work, efforts to synthesize graphite from coal as a domestic feedstock for synthetic graphite are reported. The performance in lithium-ion coin cells of this coal derived graphite is compared to commercial battery-grade graphite. This includes characterization of the thermodynamics of the coal derived graphite using the multi-species, multi-reaction (MSMR) model, characterization of the entropy and enthalpy of the material, and estimation of the rate capability. This enables modeling of synthetic coal-derived graphites and virtual evaluation[1] of these materials towards electric vehicle and grid storage applications. References 1. T. R. Garrick, Y. Zeng, J. B. Siegel, and V. R. Subramanian, "From Atoms to Wheels: The Role of Multi-Scale Modeling in the Future of Transportation Electrification." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 170.11 (2023): 113502.
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Nowell, Matthew M., and John O. Carpenter. "Multi-Length Scale Characterization of the Gibeon Meteorite using Electron Backscatter Diffraction." Microscopy Today 15, no. 5 (September 2007): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500061162.
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The Gibeon meteorite is a differentiated iron meteorite that fell in Nambia, Africa in prehistoric times, with fragments spread over an area 70 miles wide and 230 miles long. The Gibeon fall was initially discovered in 1836, and hundreds of thousands of kilograms of fragments have been recovered. These fragments represent the iron core of a meteorite that cooled and crystallized over thousands of years (Norton 2002).The microstructure of the Gibeon meteorite, which is primarily an iron-nickel alloy, consists of two phases: kamacite, a body-centered cubic material and taenite, a face-centered cubic material that metallurgists would refer to as ferrite and austenite respectively. This material initially crystallizes as taenite, and as the temperature decreases, transforms into kamacite. This meteorite is classified as a Fine Octahedrite (Of) with an average Nickel content of approximately 7.9%
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Liao, Ning Bo, Miao Zhang, and Rui Jiang. "Recent Development in Multiscale Simulation of Mechanical Properties at Material Interface." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.491.
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For nanoscale devices and structures, interface phenomena often dominate their overall thermal behavior. The feature scale of material interfaces usually originate from nanometer length and present a hierarchical nature. Considering to the limitations of the continuum mechanics on the characterization of nano-scale, the multiscale model featuring the interface could be very important in materials design. The purpose of this review is to discuss the applications of multiscale modeling and simulation techniques to study the mechanical properties at materials interface. It is concluded that a multi-scale scheme is needed for this study due to the hierarchical characteristics of interface.
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Wang, Wentao, and Linbing Wang. "Review on Design, Characterization, and Prediction of Performance for Asphalt Materials and Asphalt Pavement Using Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation." Materials 17, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17040778.
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Asphalt pavement, which is mainly made up of the asphalt mixture, exhibits complicated mechanical behaviors under the combined effects of moving vehicle loads and external service environments. Multi-scale numerical simulation can well characterize behaviors of asphalt materials and asphalt pavement, and the essential research progress is systematically summarized from an entire view. This paper reviews extensive research works concerning aspects of the design, characterization, and prediction of performance for asphalt materials and asphalt pavement based on multi-scale numerical simulation. Firstly, full-scale performance modeling on asphalt pavement is discussed from aspects of structural dynamic response, structural and material evaluation, and wheel–pavement interaction. The correlation between asphalt material properties and pavement performance is also analyzed, and so is the hydroplaning phenomenon. Macro- and mesoscale simulations on the mechanical property characterization of the asphalt mixture and its components are then investigated, while virtual proportion design for the asphalt mixture is introduced. Features of two-dimensional and three-dimensional microscale modeling on the asphalt mixture are summarized, followed by molecular dynamics simulation on asphalt binders, aggregates, and their interface, while nanoscale behavior modeling on asphalt binders is presented. Finally, aspects that need more attention concerning this study’s topic are discussed, and several suggestions for future investigations are also presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multi-Scale Material Characterization"
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Nagpure, Shrikant C. "Multi-scale Characterization Studies of Aged Li-ion Battery Materials for Improved Performance." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325255329.
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Sánchez, Camargo César Moisés. "Mechanical multi-scale characterization of metallic materials by nanoindentation test." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0010/document.
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Avec le développement des matériaux fonctionnels (multi-matériaux, multicouches,…), la caractérisation du comportement mécanique par des moyens macroscopiques conventionnels est devenue de plus en plus difficile. Ces méthodes conventionnelles sont donc substituées progressivement par des moyens de caractérisation multi-échelles. Parmi ces moyens, la nanoindentation, qui peut résoudre certains défis de la micro-caractérisation tels que la présence de phases indissociables, les systèmes multicouches, les revêtements ultra-minces, etc. Cet outil est devenu une technique de haute précision capable de solliciter des volumes de matière très faibles et fournir des informations riches pour la caractérisation des matériaux. Cependant, cet outil est utilisé majoritairement pour identifier les propriétés élastiques et qualitativement certains paramètres tels que la dureté, la ductilité et les contraintes internes.Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à la caractérisation du comportement élastoplastique par nanoindentation à deux échelles : l’échelle macroscopique et l’échelle du cristal.Le premier défi de ce travail est expérimental. Il s’agit de générer des surfaces avec des propriétés représentatives de la microstructure étudiée. Ce défi est d’autant plus relevé que le matériau utilisé comme modèle est l’acier 316L très ductile et dont la surface est sensible au moindre changement. Un protocole expérimentale a été mis en place, à l’issu de ce travail, et les erreurs et dispersions de la réponse en nanoindentation introduites par les différentes étapes de génération de surface ont été quantifiés.Une base de données étendue a été mise en place, par la suite. Différentes géométries d’indent ont été appliquées à plusieurs profondeurs. Cette base de données va alimenter des stratégies d’identification inverse basée sur un couplage entre des algorithmes d’optimisation et une modélisation éléments finis de l’essai. Deux types d’algorithme ont été appliqués : Levenberg-Marquardt et l’algorithme génétique. Ce dernier est très consommateur en temps de calcul. Différents modèles EF axisymétrique et 3D ont été utilisés. Ces modèles ont été soigneusement optimisés par rapport au temps de calcul.Plusieurs stratégies d’identification ont été employées en se basant sur différentes données expérimentales issues de l’essai de nanoindentation telles que la courbe de charge-décharge, la forme de l’empreinte résiduelle et l’association de plusieurs géométries d’indent. Plusieurs modèles d’écrouissage isotrope ont été identifiés. À l’échelle macroscopique, les modèles d’écrouissage isotrope classiques ont été déterminés. À l’échelle du grain, la loi cristalline de Méric et Cailletaud a été identifiée. Les résultats obtenus ont été confrontés, à l’échelle macroscopique, à des identifications réalisées sur le même matériau à partir des essais de traction et de compression et ont montré que l’association de multiples géométries d’indentation permet de reproduire le comportement volumique du 316L avec une précision acceptable. Pour le comportement du cristal, des essais de compression de micropilliers ont été utilisé pour se procurer des données de référence à cette échelle. La comparaison montre beaucoup de dispersion dans les deux cas. En effet, certains phénomènes liés à la densité de dislocation très variables d’un grain à l’autre sont responsables de cette dispersion. Cette densité de dislocation n’est pas prise en compte, en tant que variable, dans le modèle cristallin utilisé. L’utilisation d’un modèle plus physique intégrant la densité de dislocation et son évolution permet d’améliorer ces résultats. Enfin, une nouvelle méthode d’identification a été proposée. Cette méthode est basée sur l’estimation et l’introduction de la géométrie réelle de l’indent dans le modèle EF utilisé pour l’identification. La méthode a été validée dans le cas de la pointe Berkovich et elle montre des résultats très prometteursWith the development of functional materials (multi-materials, multilayers, ...), the mechanical behavior characterization by conventional macroscopic methods has become progressively difficult. These conventional methods are therefore gradually substituted by multiscale characterization processes. Among these methods, the nanoindentation, this can solve certain challenges of micro-characterization such as the presence of indissociable phases, multilayer systems, ultra-thin coatings, etc. This tool has become a high-precision technique capable of testing very small volumes of matter and providing rich information for material characterization. However, this tool is used mainly to identify the elastic properties and, qualitatively, some parameters such as hardness, ductility and internal stresses.This thesis work focuses on the characterization of elastoplastic behavior by nanoindentation at two scales: the macroscopic scale and the crystal scale.The first challenge of this work is experimental. It involves generating surfaces with properties representative of the studied microstructure. This challenge is important because the material used as a model is 316L steel which is very ductile and whose surface is sensitive to small perturbations. An experimental protocol was implemented at the end of this work, and the errors and dispersions of the nanoindentation response introduced by the different surface generation steps were quantified. Then, a wide database was implemented with different indenter geometries and several depths. This database will feed inverse identification strategies based on a coupling between optimization algorithms and finite element modeling of this test. Two types of algorithm have been applied: Levenberg-Marquardt and genetic algorithms. The latter is very consumer in computing time. Different axisymmetric and 3D FE models have been used. These models have been carefully optimized with respect to computation time.Several identification strategies were employed based on various experimental databases from the nanoindentation test such as the loading-unloading curve, the residual imprint shape and the association of several indent geometries. Some models of isotropic hardening have been identified. On the macroscopic scale, classical isotropic hardening models have been determined. At the grain scale, the crystal plasticity constitutive model of Méric and Cailletaud has been identified. The results obtained were compared on the macroscopic scale with identifications carried out on the same material from the tensile and compression tests. The comparison showed that the combination of multiple indentation geometries makes it possible to reproduce the volume behavior of the 316L with acceptable accuracy. For crystal behavior, micropillar compression tests were used to obtain reference data at this scale. The comparison shows a lot of dispersion in both cases. Indeed, some phenomena related to the density of dislocation very variable from one grain to another are responsible of this dispersion. This dislocation density is not taken into account, as a variable, in the used crystal constitutive model. The use of a more physical law integrating the dislocation density and its evolution makes it possible to improve these results. Finally, a new identification method has been proposed. This method is based on estimating and introducing the real indent geometry in the FE model used for identification. The method has been validated in the case of Berkovich tip and shows very promising results
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Li, Fujun, and 李福军. "Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical applications of multi-scale porous carbons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47147714.
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Yu, Xinghua. "Multi-Scale Characterization of Heat-Affected Zone in Martensitic Steels." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1348081074.
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Sidlipura, Ravi Kumar Sujith Kumar. "Multi-modal and multiscale image analysis work flows for characterizing through-thickness impregnation of fiber reinforced composites manufactured by simplified CRTM process." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MTLD0010.
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Cette thèse présente une étude expérimentale pour améliorer le moulage par compression et transfert de résine thermoplastique (CRTM), axée sur l'efficacité industrielle, la durabilité et la recyclabilité, conformément aux objectifs de développement durable pour l’industrie, l’innovation et l’action climatique. En abordant la complexité de l'écoulement de la résine à plusieurs échelles dans le CRTM, cette recherche étudie l'écoulement transversal (à travers l’épaisseur) et la porosité induite par le processus à l'échelle méso des faisceaux de fibres de verre afin d'améliorer l'uniformité de l'imprégnation et le contrôle du compactage, en faisant le lien entre les cadres théoriques et les applications évolutives. L’étude est conduite sur une préforme, constituées de 6 couches de fibres de verre UD ([0/90]3) et d’une matrice thermoplastique en polypropylene (PP) mise en forme par un procédé CRTM . Un procédé « CRTM simplifié » permettant de contrôler la direction du front de matière est développé sur une presse industrielle, pilotée en déplacement. Trois configurations de procédé sont analysées : Configuration 1 (Référence) : configuration de type « film stacking » comme base de comparaison de la distribution de la résine et de la structure des fibres. Configuration 2 (CRTM simplifié) : Compression contrôlée par déplacement, les films de polymères formant initialement une couche unique en surface de la préforme. Configuration 3 (CRTM simplifié avec scellement des bords) : Compression améliorée avec un dispositif d’étanchéité limitant les fuites de résine en périphérie de la préforme et assurant un écoulement transversal. Un protocole d’analyse d'imagerie 2D est proposé, incluant l’analyse en lumière polarisée, la microscopie à fluorescence et la microscopie électronique à balayage pour caractériser qualitativement et quantitativement les taux de porosités au niveau des mèches et des plis de tissus. Un processus original de polissage en deux étapes permet de préserver l'intégrité de la surface. L'étude est complétée par une évaluation fine des mécanismes d'imprégnation à l'aide de la technique d'inspection hélicoïdale en microtomographie à rayon-X (micro-CT). Les résultats démontrent que les paramètres de compaction influencent directement le niveau d'imprégnation, atteignant une limite d'imprégnation. Cette thèse établit une démarche d’analyse du procédé CRTM pour des composites thermoplastiques haute performance, en vue d’une maitrise et d’une optimisation du procédé. Elle offre des perspectives sur des protocoles d’analyse précis basés sur l’étude à différentes échelles, améliorant la compréhension de l'interaction entre l'imprégnation et la perméabilité. Ces résultats répondent aux exigences de précision dans des secteurs tels que l'automobile et l'aérospatiale, où les composites CRTM sont essentiels pour les applications structurellesThis thesis presents an experimental study to advance thermoplastic Compression Resin Transfer Molding (CRTM), focusing on industrial efficiency, sustainability, and recyclability goals aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals for Industry, Innovation, and Climate Action. By addressing multi-scale resin flow complexity in CRTM, this research investigates transverse flow and process-induced porosity at the meso scale of glass fiber bundles to improve impregnation uniformity and compaction control, bridging theoretical frameworks with scalable applications. The study focuses on a thermoplastic polypropylene matrix reinforced with six layers of bidirectional UD woven glass fibers ([0/90]3) consolidated on a CRTM setup. The “Simplified CRTM” method is developed on an industrial press, using displacement-controlled compaction ratios. This method omits active resin injection, relying on a uniformly distributed viscous polymer pool beneath the unsaturated preform to drive resin flow uniformly with a unidirectional flow path. Controlled displacement and pressure optimize resin paths, manage fiber volume fraction, and reduce porosity. Three multi-step compaction configurations are evaluated: Configuration 1 (Reference): Uses force compaction as a baseline for comparing resin distribution and fiber structure. Configuration 2 (simplified CRTM): Displacement-controlled compaction enhances resin infiltration but faces challenges like edge race-tracking and fiber volume fraction (Vf) variability, affecting impregnation. Configuration 3 (simplified CRTM with Edge Sealing): Introduces high-temperature sealant tape at mold edges, limiting resin escape, maintaining transverse flow, and reducing porosity and race-tracking. Configuration 3 edge-sealing technique establishes a reproducible process for high quality CRTM composites. An advanced 2D multi-modal imaging protocol, tailored for partially impregnated samples produced via simplified CRTM with unfilled spaces and fragile microstructures, includes polarized light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy for qualitative and quantitative characterization. An original two-step polishing process preserves surface integrity, and image post-processing workflows quantify impregnation quality and void distribution. The study is completed with a fine evaluation of the impregnation mechanisms using X-ray micro computed tomography technique (micro-CT) relying on helicoidal inspection method. Results demonstrate that compaction parameters directly impact impregnation level, reaching an impregnation limit. This thesis establishes a scalable, data-driven CRTM framework bridging laboratory experimentation with industrial requirements for high-performance thermoplastic composites. It offers insights into streamlined protocols and microstructure-based analysis, enhancing understanding of the interplay between impregnation and permeability in CRTM. These findings align with precision demands in sectors like automotive and aerospace, where CRTM composites are crucial for structural applications
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Jain, Ayush. "Development and Characterization of Multi-scale Polymer Composite Materials for Tribological Applications." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Maskinelement, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65241.
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With industries aiming at higher efficiencies, lightweight parts, and easier manufacturability there has been a recent trend of replacing the metallic materials with polymeric materials and its composites. Particularly in the automotive industry, there is a demand of replacing metallic material of bushes and bearings with polymer based materials (PBM). For these heavy performance requirements (as in automobiles), the commonly used industrial polymers like Acetal and Nylon fail to provide good mechanical and tribological performance. High-performance polymer like Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) is a relatively newer material and shows a potential of being a PBM alternative for metallic bearings in automobiles if their tribological performance can be improved. One of the ways of improving the tribological performance of the polymer is by the addition of filler material, hence making a polymer composite. In this study, we used Short Carbon Fibre as micro-reinforcement material and Nano-diamonds and Graphene Oxide as nano-reinforcement material to make PPS composites. The varying mechanical and tribological behaviour of PPS composites with different weight percentage of reinforcement materials was investigated. The optimum composition of the reinforcement materials was identified, which resulted in significant improvement in mechanical and tribological properties of the base material.
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Paradis, Fortin Laura. "Germanite derivative materials : synthesis, crystallographic structure from multi-scale characterizations and thermoelectric properties." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC249.
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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte sur la synthèse, la caractérisation des propriétés structurelles et électroniques du sulfure de cuivre Cu22Fe8Ge4S32, un matériau dérivé de la germanite ayants des propriétés thermoélectriques prometteuses. Les deux premiers chapitres sont consacrés à l'optimisation des propriétés thermoélectriques par différentes approches. Le dernier chapitre est une étude structurelle approfondie de la germanite Cu22Fe8Ge4S32. Premièrement, les conditions spécifiques de la synthèse permettant de produire un échantillon ‘‘pure’’ de germanite par tube scellé sont examinées par le biais de réactions in situ. Ensuite, deux approches différentes de synthèse sont comparées, à savoir l’alliage mécanique et la synthèse en tube scellé, combinées à deux méthodes de densification différentes: le frittage SPS et le pressage à chaud. Deuxièmement, les séries de composés Cu22-xZnxFe8Ge4S32 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) et Cu22Fe8Ge4-xSnxS32 (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) ont été étudiées dans l’espoir d’améliorer les propriétés thermoélectriques en augmentant la diffusions des phonons. En plus de la diminution de la κ_Latt, l'augmentation de la concentration en Zn dans le réseau de cuivre entraîne une diminution de la concentration en trous. De plus, l’incorporation de Sn diminue la κ_Latt en augmentant la diffusion des phonons par des défauts ponctuels due à des disparités de masse, de taille et de force de liaison. Enfin, un nouvelle structure crystalline pour la germanite synthétique a été proposé en conservant le groupe d'espace et le paramètre de maille du matériau minéral (P4 ̅3n and a ≈ 10.595 Å). La détermination de la structure cristalline a été possible par la complémentarité des techniques de DRX sur poudre et monocristal, de spectroscopie Mössbauer 57Fe et de diffusion résonante. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans l’approche expérimentale développée pour surmonter la complexité inhérente à la distribution cationique de germaniteThe work presented in this Ph.D. thesis deals with the synthesis, the structural and electronic properties characterization of the Cu22Fe8Ge4S32 copper sulfide, a material derived of the germanite mineral with promising thermoelectric properties. The first two chapters are dedicated to the optimization of the thermoelectric properties. The last chapter is an in-depth structural study of Cu22Fe8Ge4S32. First, the specific synthesis conditions to yield a ‘‘pure’’ germanite sample by sealed tube are investigated by the means of in situ reactions. Then, two different powder synthesis approaches are compared, namely mechanical alloying and conventional sealed tube synthesis, combined with two different densification methods: spark plasma sintering and hot pressing. This study drags attention to the process impact on the transport properties of complex Cu-based sulfides. Second, the series of compounds Cu22-xZnxFe8Ge4S32 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) and Cu22Fe8Ge4-xSnxS32 (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) were investigated in the hope to enhance the TE properties through enhanced phonon scattering due to differences in atomic mass. In fact, in addition to lowering the κ_Latt, the Cu by Zn substitution in Cu22-xZnxFe8Ge4S32 leads to a decrease in the concentration of hole carriers. In addition, a reduction of κ_Lattis observed with the Sn-incorporation due to point defect scattering enhancement of the heat carrying phonons as a result of mass, size, and bonding strength disparities. Finally, a new structural model for synthetic germanite was proposed with respect to the space group and lattice parameter of the mineral material, P4 ̅3n and a ≈ 10.595 Å. The crystal structure is proposed based on the complementarity from powder and single crystal XRD, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and resonant scattering. The originality of this work lies in the experimental approach that was developed to overcome the inherent complexity of germanite cationic distribution
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Zhang, Chao. "Multi-Scale Characterization and Failure Modeling of Carbon/Epoxy Triaxially Braided Composite." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1384174136.
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Gershon, Alan Lawrence. "Multi-scale mechanical characterization and modeling of hierarchically-structured materials synthetic nano-enhanced polymers and natural palmetto wood /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9474.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Willeman, Héloïse. "Multi-scale characterization of deformation mechanisms of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) under tensile stretching." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0006.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’établir le scénario multi-échelles de déformation du PEEK lorsqu’il est sollicité en traction uniaxiale. Préalablement à la mise en oeuvre d’échantillons de deux grades commerciaux de PEEK, les propriétés thermiques et mécaniques de ces matériaux ont été caractérisées. La température d’oubli thermodynamique ainsi que la sensibilité aux vitesses de refroidissement ont été établies. Des éprouvettes de traction ont été obtenues à partir de plaques thermocompressées, procédé choisi pour obtenir des morphologies les plus isotropes possibles. Les propriétés mécaniques en traction ont ensuite été caractérisées au-dessus et au-dessous de la transition vitreuse de la phase amorphe (Tg). Grâce à un dispositif expérimental fabriqué sur mesure, des essais de traction à deux températures distinctes au-dessous et au-dessus de Tg ont été suivis par diffusion des rayons X aux petits (SAXS) et grands angles (WAXS) pour caractériser les déformations à l’échelle des empilements lamellaires et à l’échelle de la maille cristalline. Simultanément, le champ de déformation a été mesurée par corrélation d’images (DIC) afin de comparer la déformation macroscopique et microscopique. Pour les deux températures, les lamelles tendent à s’orienter perpendiculairement à la direction de traction (TD). Ce mécanisme d’orientation local (que nous appelons « modèle de réseau de chaînes ») est induit par la transmission des contraintes par les chaînes amorphes reliant les lamelles cristallines adjacentes. Au-dessus de Tg, l’allongement local est plus faible que l’allongement macroscopique dans les lamelles perpendiculaire à TD, ce qui implique que les lamelles inclinées doivent être cisaillées. L’évolution de la distribution d’orientation des lamelles appuie ce résultat. Une morphologie fortement orientée est finalement obtenue quelle que soit la température. Cependant, le profil d’endommagement est différent. En-dessous de Tg, le profil de diffusion centrale indique l’existence de petites entités (lamelles ou crystallites) orientées aléatoirement. A hautes température, le matériau est fibrillaire et présente des cavitésThe aim of this PhD work is accessing the microscopic deformation mechanisms of bulk poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) under tensile stretching. Beforehand, the thermal and mechanical properties of two commercial grades of PEEK were characterized. Tensile specimens were then compression-molded to obtain morphologies as isotropic as possible and characterized below and above the glass transition temperature. Deformations at the scales of lamellar stacks and of the crystalline unit cell have been characterized by small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) performed in-situ during tensile tests. Simultaneously, the strain field within the samples was followed by digital image correlation (DIC) in order to compare microscopic and macroscopic strains. At both temperatures, lamellae tend to orient perpendicular to the tensile direction (TD). This orientation mechanism (which we denote as ‘Chain Network model’) is driven by the amorphous chains which transmit the stress between adjacent lamellae. The tensile strain in lamellar stacks perpendicular to TD is lower than the macroscopic tensile strain, which must be compensated by increased shear in inclined stacks. Some differences of behavior have been observed depending on the test temperature, especially at high deformation. A highly oriented morphology is ultimately obtained in all cases. However, the central scattering profiles changes with testing temperatures. Below Tg, the presence of small entities randomly oriented is indicated. Above Tg, the material is fibrillar and contains cavities
Books on the topic "Multi-Scale Material Characterization"
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Kringos, Niki, Björn Birgisson, David Frost, and Linbing Wang, eds. Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9.
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Altenbach, Holm. Generalized Continua as Models for Materials: With Multi-scale Effects or Under Multi-field Actions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Kringos, Niki. Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials: Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium Stockholm, June 2013. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.
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Kringos, Niki, David Frost, and Björn Birgisson. Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials. Springer, 2013.
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Kringos, Niki, David Frost, Björn Birgisson, and Linbing Wang. Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials: Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium Stockholm, June 2013. Ingramcontent, 2015.
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Kringos, Niki, David Frost, Björn Birgisson, and Linbing Wang. Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials: Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium Stockholm, June 2013. Springer, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Multi-Scale Material Characterization"
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Das, Prabir Kumar, Niki Kringos, and Björn Birgisson. "Towards a Multi-scale Framework to Optimize Ageing Resistance of Asphaltic Materials." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 285–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_21.
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Bueno, Moises, Martin Hugener, and Manfred N. Partl. "Fracture Toughness Testing Aspects for Assessing Low Temperature Behaviour of Bituminous Binders." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_1.
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Onifade, Ibrahim, Denis Jelagin, Alvaro Guarin, Bjorn Birgisson, and Nicole Kringos. "Asphalt Internal Structure Characterization with X-Ray Computed Tomography and Digital Image Processing." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 139–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_11.
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Jiang, Wei, and Aimin Sha. "Evaluation of Anti-clogging Property of Porous Asphalt Concrete Using Microscopic Voids Analysis." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 159–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_12.
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Ukrainczyk, Neven, Eduard A. B. Koenders, and Klaas Breugel. "Representative Volumes for Numerical Modeling of Mass Transport in Hydrating Cement Paste." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 173–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_13.
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Laukkanen, Olli-Ville, Terhi Pellinen, and Michalina Makowska. "Exploring the Observed Rheological Behaviour of In-Situ Aged and Fresh Bitumen Employing the Colloidal Model Proposed for Bitumen." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 185–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_14.
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Mallick, Rajib B., Aaron Sakulich, Bao-Liang Chen, and Sankha Bhowmick. "Insulating Pavements to Extend Service Life." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 219–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_16.
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Nguyen, Quang Tuan, Hervé Benedetto, and Cédric Sauzéat. "Prediction of Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour of Asphalt Mixes from Binder Properties and Reversal." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 237–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_17.
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Nilenius, Filip, Fredrik Larsson, Karin Lundgren, and Kenneth Runesson. "A 3D/2D Comparison between Heterogeneous Mesoscale Models of Concrete." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 249–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_18.
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Ogura, Hiroki, Minoru Kunieda, and Hikaru Nakamura. "Meso-Scale Analysis Considering Effect of Fiber Inclination in Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites." In Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials, 261–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6878-9_19.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Multi-Scale Material Characterization"
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Beblo, Richard V., and Lisa M. Weiland. "Material characterization and multi-scale modeling of light activated SMP." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Benjamin K. Henderson and M. Brett McMickell. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.815504.
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RESTIF, Noé. "Multi-scale characterization of carbon-fibre reinforced PEEK composites manufactured by laser-assisted tape placement." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-68.
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Abstract. The Laser-Assisted Tape Placement forming process of thermoplastic composites enables the rapid production of laminates. However, it requires the tuning of the processing parameters, which is currently limited by a misunderstanding of the consolidation phenomena occurring during process and the interlaminar properties related with strong welded interfaces. This study aims at establishing correlations between physical properties and mechanical strength of welded thermoplastic composites, by using several methods and characterizations at different scales. Carbon-fibre reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) composites produced by a LATP process were investigatedby varying the Laser Setpoint Temperature (LST) and Tool Temperature (TT). The results show that laminates manufactured at a LST of 350 °C have high void content, with the location of the voids depending on the TT: at a TT of 25 °C (unheated tool), interply and intraply voids are present while for a TT of 250 °C they are mainly intraply. Laminates produced at a LST of 450 °C also have mainly intraply voids, although their void content is significantly lower than that of laminates produced at an LST of 350 °C. For laminates having mainly intraply voids, ILSS testing demonstrates failure by an intralaminar failure mode. An increase in intralaminar shear strength is observed as the intraply void content decreases and the degree of crystallinity increases, related to the LST and the TT. The combination of experimental techniques thus allowed to provide understanding on the influence of local physical properties of the composites manufactured by LATP on specific interface-related mechanical properties, and demonstrate that, despite variations of mechanical performances with processing conditions, interfaces are no longer a weak point within the laminates when the processing conditions allow for sufficient intimate contact to occur during the consolidation phase.
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Wang, Jingyu, Nyree Mason, Firas Akasheh, Gul Kremer, Zahed Siddique, and Yingtao Liu. "Implementation of Multi-Scale Characterization and Visualization on Enhancement of Solid Mechanics Education." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10747.
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Abstract This paper presents the implementation and preliminary analysis of a multi-scale material and mechanics education module for the improvement of undergraduate solid mechanics education. 3D printed and conventional wrought aluminum samples were experimentally characterized at both the micro- and macro-scales. At the micro-scale, we focus on the visualization of material’s grain structure. At the macro-scale, standard material characterization following ASTM standards is conducted to obtain the macroscopic behavior. Digital image correlation technology is employed to obtain the two-dimensional strain field during the macro-scale testing. An evaluation of students understanding of solid mechanics and materials behavior concepts is carried out in this study to obtain the student data and use it as baseline for further evaluation of study outcomes. We plan to use the established multi-scale mechanics and materials testing dataset in a broad range of undergraduate courses, such as Solid Mechanics, Design of Mechanical Components, and Manufacturing Processes. Our current effort is expected to demonstrate the real materials’ multi-scale nature and their mechanical performance to undergraduate engineering students. The successful implementation of this multi-scale approach for education enhances students’ understanding of abstract solid mechanics theories and establishing the concepts between mechanics and materials. In addition, this approach will assist advanced solid mechanics education, such as the concept of fracture, in undergraduate level education throughout the country.
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Garg, Mohit, Galib Abumeri, and Frank Abdi. "Advanced Multi-Scale Composites Material Characterization for Fracture Toughness and Impact Resistance Applications." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-3053.
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Maculotti, G. "Augmented multi-scale instrumented indentation test characterization of complex multi-layered coatings for tribological application." In Italian Manufacturing Association Conference. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902714-37.
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Abstract. Multi-layer coatings for steel bushings consisting of an innermost layer of sintered bronze and an outermost composite layer of lead-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE+Pb) have been used in several power transmission applications. The PTFE+Pb layer provides lubrication by material transfer on the counter-body reducing friction and smoothing motion. The mechanical characterization of such a complex system is challenging and essential to provide input data necessary to design and predict the service life of the components. This work innovatively mechanically characterizes the coating by augmented multi-scale Instrumented Indentation Test (IIT). Nano-IIT will evaluate the uniformity of the Pb particles’ dispersion. Dynamic nano-IIT will investigate the damping properties of the material as a function of load frequency. Micro-IIT will tackle the layer thickness evaluation and the gradient of mechanical properties through the layers, by continuous multi-cycle and by data augmentation provided by electric contact resistance.
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Cornell, Stephen R., William P. Leser, Jacob D. Hochhalter, John A. Newman, and Darren J. Hartl. "Development and Characterization of Embedded Sensory Particles Using Multi-Scale 3D Digital Image Correlation." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7608.
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A method for detecting fatigue cracks has been explored at NASA Langley Research Center. Microscopic NiTi shape memory alloy (sensory) particles were embedded in a 7050 aluminum alloy matrix to detect the presence of fatigue cracks. Cracks exhibit an elevated stress field near their tip inducing a martensitic phase transformation in nearby sensory particles. Detectable levels of acoustic energy are emitted upon particle phase transformation such that the existence and location of fatigue cracks can be detected. To test this concept, a fatigue crack was grown in a mode-I single-edge notch fatigue crack growth specimen containing sensory particles. As the crack approached the sensory particles, measurements of particle strain, matrix-particle debonding, and phase transformation behavior of the sensory particles were performed. Full-field deformation measurements were performed using a novel multi-scale optical 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system. This information will be used in a finite element-based study to determine optimal sensory material behavior and density.
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Nixon, Jason R., Inna Lempert, Hyunjo Choi, Jeremy McFarlane, and David I. Bigio. "Characterization of Material Properties for Multi-Scale Polymer Composites Extruded From Straight and Divergent Die Geometries Using Various Filler Concentrations." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51919.
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The addition of nano-scale and micro-scale fillers has been proven to increase tensile and thermal properties in polymer composites. Orientation of high aspect fillers, however, has not been studied before despite being crucial to altering physical properties. When fibers are included during extrusion, they tend to align in the direction of the flow. This phenomena leads to longitudinal improvements in mechanical properties, and thus provides great benefits in some applications; however, it is beneficial to have improved properties in the transverse direction as well. Therefore, it is crucial to study reorientation phenomena in composites. The purpose of this experiment is to study property enhancement resulting from fiber structure. The material properties are compared for the range of weight percentages of fillers. This is done for the purpose of finding an ideal fill concentration. Two dies are used to study different orientation distributions: straight and divergent. Thermal and tensile properties and optical micrographs are analyzed and compared. Composites were processed on a Coperion ZDSK-28mm co-rotating, fully-intermeshing, twin-screw extruder. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) was used as the polymer matrix. 0 W% to 2 W% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 0 W% to 30 W% carbon microfibers (CMFs) were used as fillers. Preliminary results showed a clear trend in increased tensile strength of the composite with the increase of concentration of CMFs and CNTs in the slit die up to 25 W% CMF. After 25 W% CMF, however, there was a depreciation in properties. Similarly, thermal conductivity results have shown a clear peak at 25 W% CMF with 30 W% showing a decrease in thermal properties. Preliminary results for the divergent die showed that, with addition of carbon microfibers to the polymer matrix, thermal properties of the composite increased up to 15 W%, then dropped and increased again as more CMFs were added. In addition, on average, material extruded through the divergent die showed better results of thermal conductivity than that extruded through the slit die. This indicates that when using a diverging die, fiber become oriented perpendicular in relation to the direction of the flow, thus improving heat flow in the transverse direction.
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Li, Zhiye, and Michael Lepech. "Characterization and Modeling of How Environmental Aging Affects Fatigue Damage Evolution in Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70637.
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Abstract Glass Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPs) are made by combining polymer with reinforcement glass fiber yarns to produce new materials that offer lightweight yet strong, durable, corrosion resistance. Its application is emerging in aerospace, the automotive and solar panel industry. Although decades of application have proved composite as a viable, permanent structural material, a reliable, experimentally validated model for the predictive performance for the composite under the expected environment is needed before this material can be used as a massive construction material. This study is to build a physics-based model to predict mechanical, thermal, weather and aging performance of the composite in the short- and long-term. A multiscale modeling technique is used to upscale the usage of material model prediction into structural and system levels. In the multiscale computational model, there are two levels: materials level, structure level. The material level model has the smallest length scale. It consists of woven microstructure, periodic boundary conditions, and coupled multi-physical processes (radiation heat transfer, moisture condensation, polymer deterioration, and solid material behavior), which ultimately affect the mechanical performance of the material. These mechanisms will be computationally modeled using COMSOL® multi-physics modeling software. The material model will be used to generate an equivalent homogenized model that can be used at the structural level efficiently while maintaining the same accuracy. The structure level model heritages the characteristic of the transportation model at the material level model and correlates the material degradation with structure-level mechanical loading such as fatigue damage. The model is validated by UV/moisture exposure and fatigue-damage experiment. In the long term, the models developed in this study will be combined with life cycle assessment (LCA) tools to better support sustainability focused design of new material, thus reducing costs and environmental impacts of the built environment.
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Shirazi, Alireza, Hua Lu, and Ahmad Varvani. "Hybrid Analytical and Experimental Method for Characterization of Thin Multilayer Bonded Structures Subject to Thermal Loading." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6309.
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This study is presenting a non-local closed-form solution for interfacial stress/strain and the warpage deformation for thin trilayer plate structures under thermal cycling. Based on the theory of geometric scale dependency of the material behavior, the material properties of a thin multi-layer inter-bonded structures substantially differ from those determined based on the bulk material samples. Hence the real mechanical properties for such thin layers are often unavailable and difficult to obtain. This paper puts forward a method to provide a solution for thermomechanical behavior of trilayer constituents with high accuracy at real scale. Present study demonstrates that the constitutive behavior of multilayer plate’s constituents can be inversely determined so long as the plate’s global deformation can be made available by measurement. To achieve most accurate determination of the material properties, measurements with high accuracy is required. The paper also presents the advanced method of shadow moiré that have applied to obtain warpage deformation of real life trilayer test specimens under thermal cycling. Using this method, the experimentally determined global deformation (warpage) of a trilayer structure were correlated with the analytical model solved for warpage deformation. The correlation was then progressively optimized to result in material properties of the constituents. The bonding layer properties are called determined, once the correlation reaches over 85%. There exist a variety of different multilayer bonded structures, which are usually made with advanced manufacturing processes. Regardless of design layout and materials constitutive relations, the application can be implemented in characterizing multiply stacked trilayer structures.
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Subramanian, Vijay, Tsgereda Alazar, Kyle Yazzie, Bharat Penmecha, Pilin Liu, Yiqun Bai, and Pramod Malatkar. "Characterization of Bulk and Thin Film Fracture in Electronic Packaging." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67145.
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As semiconductor packaging technologies continues to scale, it drives the use of existing and new materials in thin layer form factors. Additionally, packaging technologies continue to increase in complexity such as multi-chip packages, 3D packaging, embedded dies/passives, and system in package. This increasing packaging complexity implies that materials in thin layers are subject to non-trivial loading conditions, which may exceed the toughness of the material, leading to cracks. Furthermore, the continued focus on cost leads to a growing interest in novel, low-cost materials. It is important to ensure that the reliability of these low-cost materials is at par or better than currently used materials. This in turn, leads to significant efforts in the area of material characterization at the lab level to speed up the development process. The chosen test methods must not only provide accurate and consistent data, but they must also be applicable across a suitably wide range of materials to aid in the optimization process. Methods for testing and characterizing fracture induced failures in various material systems in electronic packaging are investigated in this paper. The learnings from the different tests methods are compared and discussed here. More specifically, different fracture characterization techniques on (a) freestanding ‘thin’ solder resist films, and (b) filled ‘bulk’ epoxy materials like underfills and epoxy mold compounds are investigated. For thin films, learnings from different test methods for measuring fracture toughness, namely, uniaxial tension (with and without an edge pre-crack) and membrane penetration tests, are discussed. The test methods are compared by characterizing several different thin films, to gauge how well each method could distinguish differences in material (and thickness). Reasonably good agreement was found between the various thin film toughness test methods; however, ease of sample preparation, fixture, and adaptability to environmental testing will be discussed. In the case of filled epoxy resin systems, the single-edge-notch bending (SENB) technique is utilized to obtain the fracture toughness of underfills and mold compounds with filler materials. Learnings on different methods of creating pre-cracks in SENB samples are also investigated and presented. Two methods are explored in this study, namely, razor blade and laser milling. Good agreement in fracture toughness values was obtained with the two precracking methods, along with considerations about ease of sample preparation and consistency of pre-crack dimensions also examined. Morphology of the pre-cracks obtained by these methods, and their effects on fracture toughness measurements, are also discussed.
Reports on the topic "Multi-Scale Material Characterization"
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Uchic, Michael, Michael Groeber, Jonathan Spowart, Megna Shah, Michael Scott, Patrick Callahan, Adam Shiveley, and Michael Chapman. An Automated Multi-Modal Serial Sectioning System for Characterization of Grain-Scale Microstructures in Engineering Materials (Preprint). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559110.
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Bray, Jonathan, Ross Boulanger, Misko Cubrinovski, Kohji Tokimatsu, Steven Kramer, Thomas O'Rourke, Ellen Rathje, Russell Green, Peter Robertson, and Christine Beyzaei. U.S.—New Zealand— Japan International Workshop, Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movement Effects, University of California, Berkeley, California, 2-4 November 2016. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gzzx9906.
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There is much to learn from the recent New Zealand and Japan earthquakes. These earthquakes produced differing levels of liquefaction-induced ground movements that damaged buildings, bridges, and buried utilities. Along with the often spectacular observations of infrastructure damage, there were many cases where well-built facilities located in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure were not damaged. Researchers are working on characterizing and learning from these observations of both poor and good performance. The “Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movements Effects” workshop provided an opportunity to take advantage of recent research investments following these earthquake events to develop a path forward for an integrated understanding of how infrastructure performs with various levels of liquefaction. Fifty-five researchers in the field, two-thirds from the U.S. and one-third from New Zealand and Japan, convened in Berkeley, California, in November 2016. The objective of the workshop was to identify research thrusts offering the greatest potential for advancing our capabilities for understanding, evaluating, and mitigating the effects of liquefaction-induced ground movements on structures and lifelines. The workshop also advanced the development of younger researchers by identifying promising research opportunities and approaches, and promoting future collaborations among participants. During the workshop, participants identified five cross-cutting research priorities that need to be addressed to advance our scientific understanding of and engineering procedures for soil liquefaction effects during earthquakes. Accordingly, this report was organized to address five research themes: (1) case history data; (2) integrated site characterization; (3) numerical analysis; (4) challenging soils; and (5) effects and mitigation of liquefaction in the built environment and communities. These research themes provide an integrated approach toward transformative advances in addressing liquefaction hazards worldwide. The archival documentation of liquefaction case history datasets in electronic data repositories for use by the broader research community is critical to accelerating advances in liquefaction research. Many of the available liquefaction case history datasets are not fully documented, published, or shared. Developing and sharing well-documented liquefaction datasets reflect significant research efforts. Therefore, datasets should be published with a permanent DOI, with appropriate citation language for proper acknowledgment in publications that use the data. Integrated site characterization procedures that incorporate qualitative geologic information about the soil deposits at a site and the quantitative information from in situ and laboratory engineering tests of these soils are essential for quantifying and minimizing the uncertainties associated site characterization. Such information is vitally important to help identify potential failure modes and guide in situ testing. At the site scale, one potential way to do this is to use proxies for depositional environments. At the fabric and microstructure scale, the use of multiple in situ tests that induce different levels of strain should be used to characterize soil properties. The development of new in situ testing tools and methods that are more sensitive to soil fabric and microstructure should be continued. The development of robust, validated analytical procedures for evaluating the effects of liquefaction on civil infrastructure persists as a critical research topic. Robust validated analytical procedures would translate into more reliable evaluations of critical civil infrastructure iv performance, support the development of mechanics-based, practice-oriented engineering models, help eliminate suspected biases in our current engineering practices, and facilitate greater integration with structural, hydraulic, and wind engineering analysis capabilities for addressing multi-hazard problems. Effective collaboration across countries and disciplines is essential for developing analytical procedures that are robust across the full spectrum of geologic, infrastructure, and natural hazard loading conditions encountered in practice There are soils that are challenging to characterize, to model, and to evaluate, because their responses differ significantly from those of clean sands: they cannot be sampled and tested effectively using existing procedures, their properties cannot be estimated confidently using existing in situ testing methods, or constitutive models to describe their responses have not yet been developed or validated. Challenging soils include but are not limited to: interbedded soil deposits, intermediate (silty) soils, mine tailings, gravelly soils, crushable soils, aged soils, and cemented soils. New field and laboratory test procedures are required to characterize the responses of these materials to earthquake loadings, physical experiments are required to explore mechanisms, and new soil constitutive models tailored to describe the behavior of such soils are required. Well-documented case histories involving challenging soils where both the poor and good performance of engineered systems are documented are also of high priority. Characterizing and mitigating the effects of liquefaction on the built environment requires understanding its components and interactions as a system, including residential housing, commercial and industrial buildings, public buildings and facilities, and spatially distributed infrastructure, such as electric power, gas and liquid fuel, telecommunication, transportation, water supply, wastewater conveyance/treatment, and flood protection systems. Research to improve the characterization and mitigation of liquefaction effects on the built environment is essential for achieving resiliency. For example, the complex mechanisms of ground deformation caused by liquefaction and building response need to be clarified and the potential bias and dispersion in practice-oriented procedures for quantifying building response to liquefaction need to be quantified. Component-focused and system-performance research on lifeline response to liquefaction is required. Research on component behavior can be advanced by numerical simulations in combination with centrifuge and large-scale soil–structure interaction testing. System response requires advanced network analysis that accounts for the propagation of uncertainty in assessing the effects of liquefaction on large, geographically distributed systems. Lastly, research on liquefaction mitigation strategies, including aspects of ground improvement, structural modification, system health monitoring, and rapid recovery planning, is needed to identify the most effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable measures to improve the response and resiliency of the built environment.