Journal articles: 'Multi-scale Hybrid composite'

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Ebrahimi, Farzad, and Ali Dabbagh. "On thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of multi-scale hybrid composite beams." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318806800.

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This article is primarily organized to analyze the thermo-elastic vibrational characteristics of multi-scale hybrid composite beams according to a refined beam model. In this novel type of composites, multi-scale reinforcing elements, carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) in particular, are presumed to be dispersed in an initial resin. The homogenization process is carried out employing a mixture of the Halpin–Tsai model and the rule of mixture. The effect of temperature and its gradient on the mechanical properties of CNTs and epoxy resin is rendered to present a more reliable thermal analysis. On the other hand, a refined trigonometric shear deformable beam theory is extended to derive the kinematic relations of the beam needless of any external shear correction coefficient. On the basis of Hamilton's principle, the partial differential equations of motion are developed. Thereafter, the natural frequencies are achieved by the means of Galerkin's method for both simply supported and fully clamped edge conditions. Then, the validity of the presented model is shown by comparing these results with those of previously published researches. Finally, effects of different parameters on the natural frequency of composite beams are rendered in the framework of some numerical case studies. It can be found that multi-scale hybrid composite beams can satisfy higher frequencies once compared with each of the CF- or CNT-reinforced composite beams.

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Georgantzinos, Stelios K., Panagiotis A. Antoniou, and Stylianos I. Markolefas. "A Multi-Scale Method for Designing Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Composite Drive Shafts with Carbon Nanotube Inclusions." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5060157.

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In this paper, the modal and linear buckling analysis of a laminated composite drive shaft reinforced by 11 multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out using an analytical approach, as well as the finite element method (FEM). The theoretical model is based on classical laminated theory (CLT). The fundamental frequency and the critical buckling torque were determined for different fiber orientation angles. The Halpin–Tsai model was employed to calculate the elastic modulus of composites having randomly oriented nanotubes. The effect of various carbon nanotube (CNT) volume fractions in the epoxy resin matrix on the material properties of unidirectional composite laminas was also analyzed. The fundamental frequency and the critical buckling torque obtained by the finite element analysis and the analytical method for different fiber orientation angles were in good agreement with each other. The results were verified with data available in the open literature, where possible. For the first time in the literature, the influence of CNT fillers on various composite drive shaft design parameters such as the fundamental frequency, critical speed, and critical buckling torque of a hybrid fiber-reinforced composite drive shaft is finally predicted.

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Yu, Wei, Nikunjkumar Visaveliya, Christophe A. Serra, J. Michael Köhler, Shukai Ding, Michel Bouquey, René Muller, Marc Schmutz, and Isabelle Kraus. "Preparation and Deep Characterization of Composite/Hybrid Multi-Scale and Multi-Domain Polymeric Microparticles." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233921.

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Polymeric microparticles were produced following a three-step procedure involving (i) the production of an aqueous nanoemulsion of tri and monofunctional acrylate-based monomers droplets by an elongational-flow microemulsifier, (ii) the production of a nanosuspension upon the continuous-flow UV-initiated miniemulsion polymerization of the above nanoemulsion and (iii) the production of core-shell polymeric microparticles by means of a microfluidic capillaries-based double droplets generator; the core phase was composed of the above nanosuspension admixed with a water-soluble monomer and gold salt, the shell phase comprised a trifunctional monomer, diethylene glycol and a silver salt; both phases were photopolymerized on-the-fly upon droplet formation. Resulting microparticles were extensively analyzed by energy dispersive X-rays spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the core-shell morphology, the presence of silver nanoparticles in the shell, organic nanoparticles in the core but failed to reveal the presence of the gold nanoparticles in the core presumably due to their too small size (c.a. 2.5 nm). Nevertheless, the reddish appearance of the as such prepared polymer microparticles emphasized that this three-step procedure allowed the easy elaboration of composite/hybrid multi-scale and multi-domain polymeric microparticles.

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Ma, Xiangtao, Kuo Tian, Hongqing Li, Yan Zhou, Peng Hao, and Bo Wang. "Concurrent multi-scale optimization of hybrid composite plates and shells for vibration." Composite Structures 233 (February 2020): 111635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111635.

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Gautam, M., K. B. Katnam, P. Potluri, V. Jha, J. Latto, and N. Dodds. "Hybrid composite tensile armour wires in flexible risers: A multi-scale model." Composite Structures 162 (February 2017): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.090.

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Song, Kyoungho, Hansol Son, Suwon Park, Jonghan Lee, Jungsik Jang, Mijung Lee, and Hyun-joo Choi. "Fabrication of Piezo-Resistance Composites Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Hybrid Filler Using 3D Printing." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206813.

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In this study, 3D-printable flexible piezoresistive composites containing various amounts of cilia-like hybrid fillers were developed. In the hybrid fillers, micro-scale Cu particles with a 0D structure may allow them to easily disperse into the flexible TPU matrix. Furthermore, nanoscale multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a high aspect ratio, present on the surface of the Cu particles, form an electrical network when the polymer matrix is strained, thus providing good piezoresistive performance as well as good flowability of the composite materials. With an optimal hybrid filler content (17.5 vol.%), the 3D-printed piezoresistive composite exhibits a gauge factor of 6.04, strain range of over 20%, and durability of over 100 cycles. These results highlight the potential applications of piezoresistive pressure sensors for health monitoring, touch sensors, and electronic skin.

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Catera, Piervincenzo Giovanni, Francesco Gagliardi, Domenico Mundo, Luigi De Napoli, Anna Matveeva, and Laszlo Farkas. "Multi-scale modeling of triaxial braided composites for FE-based modal analysis of hybrid metal-composite gears." Composite Structures 182 (December 2017): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.017.

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Ab Ghani, Ahmad Fuad, and Jamaluddin Mahmud. "Material Characterization of Hybrid Composite: Experimental Using Strain Gauge/DIC with Finite Element Modelling Macro/Micro Scale." Key Engineering Materials 740 (June 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.740.31.

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The study presents the multi methods of determining mechanical properties and mechanical characterization under tensile loading of hybrid composite in the form of experimental technique involving measurement of strain using strain gauge and digital image correlation (DIC) technique utilizing open source platform Ncorr to compute the strain on surface of hybrid composite. The method of micro mechanical modelling using Finite Element Modelling (FEM) in the mode of representation volume element (RVE) method and macro scale FEM using commercial software Ansys have been performed to compute the modulus of elasticity in direction of uniaxial tensile loading. The four methods then compared which yields very consistent results with each other. It is observed that all four methods are reliable in determining mechanical properties of unidirectional single composite as well as hybrid composite. The experimental involved the use of ASTM D3039 standard tensile test for hybrid composite and strain are measured using strain gauges and DIC.

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Ary Subagia, I. D. G., Leonard D. Tijing, and Yon Jig Kim. "Basalt Fabric-Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Composite Laminates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.852.

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This study investigated the influence of electrospun polyurethane mats containing different contents of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stacked in between basalt fabric layers to form a composite laminate. The composite laminate was fabricated using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Flexural test were carried out to investigate the strength and stiffness of composites for each configuration, while the failure characteristics were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The results showed that flexural strength and stiffness of the hybrid composites with increasing CNT content in polyurethane (PU) nanofiber were increased by 6.5% and 17.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of surfactants for the dispersion of CNTs in nanofibers significantly improved the flexural property of the composite interply basalt fabric-CNT/PU laminates. This study proved that the use of multi-scale reinforcement fillers with good and homogeneous dispersion increased the mechanical performance of the composite.

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Ebrahimi, Farzad, Alireza Enferadi, and Ali Dabbagh. "Wave Dispersion Behaviors of Multi-Scale CNT/Glass Fiber/Polymer Nanocomposite Laminated Plates." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 5448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245448.

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In this paper, wave propagation in multi-scale hybrid glass fiber (GF)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer nanocomposite plates is studied for the first time by means of refined higher-order plate theory. The hybrid nanocomposite consists of CNTs and glass fibers (GF) as reinforcing components distributed within a polymeric matrix. A hierarchical micromechanical approach is used to predict the effective mechanical properties of the hybrid nanocomposite, including the three-dimensional (3D) Mori-Tanaka method and the rule of mixture. Moreover, a refined-type higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is implemented to take into account the influence of the shear deformation on the motion equations of the system. Then, the governing equations are achieved on the basis of the energy-based Hamilton’s principle. Finally, the derived equations will be solved analytically for the purpose of extracting the natural frequency of the continuous system. A set of numerical examples are provided to cover the effects of various parameters on the wave dispersion characteristics of the plate. It can be declared that the hybrid nanocomposite system can achieve higher wave frequencies compared with other types of composite structures. Additionally, it is found that the selection of the lay-ups and length-to-diameter ratio plays a significant role in the determination of the sandwich plate’s acoustic response.

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Ma, Ceyi, Yinghong Wen, and Jinbao Zhang. "A Fast, Hybrid, Time-Domain Discontinuous Galerkin-Physical Optics Method for Composite Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 2694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062694.

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To accelerate the solution of transient electromagnetic scattering from composite scatters, a novel hybrid discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) and time-domain physical optics (TDPO) method is proposed. The DGTD method is used to solve the accurate scattering field of the multi-scale objects region, and a hybrid explicit-implicit time integration method is also used to improve the efficiency of multi-scale problems in the time domain. Meanwhile, the TDPO method is used to accelerate the speed of surface current integration in an electrically large region. In addition, the DGTDPO method considers the mutual coupling between two regions, and effectively reduces the number of numerical calculations for the other space of the composite target, thereby significantly reducing the computer memory consumption. Numerical results certified the high efficiency and accuracy of the hybrid DGTDPO. According to the results, in comparison with the DGTD algorithm in the entire computational domain, the DGTDPO method can reduce computing time and memory by 90% and 70% respectively. Meanwhile, the normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD) of the time-domain, high-frequency approximation method is over 0.2, and that of the DGTDPO method is only 0.0971. That is, compared with the approximation methods, the hybrid method improves the accuracy by more than 64%.

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Almansa, Ana, Monireh Fazeli, Benoit Laurent, Pere Padros, and Marianne Hörlesberger. "A Novel Manufacturing Chain for Low Cost 3D Textile Reinforced Polymer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 980 (June 2014): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.230.

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The project 3D-LightTrans aims to create a highly flexible manufacturing chain for the low cost production of integral large scale 3D textile reinforced polymer composite parts. In a novel approach, multi-material semi-finished fabrics made of hybrid yarn are formed to deep draped pre-fixed multi-layered and multifunctional 3D-textile pre-forms. These are then efficiently processed into the final composite part by thermoforming. This paper presents the results achieved by the project consortium during the last three years, including the development and optimization of the individual processes for prototype production, with a focus on two selected automotive end products, and the adaption of equipment for industrial scale manufacturing.

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Zhang, C., Z. Yuan, and Y. Shen. "Experimental study and theoretical modeling for the compressive stress-strain relationship of multi-scale hybrid fiber-reinforced SHCC." Materiales de Construcción 72, no. 345 (February 17, 2022): e272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2022.06021.

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In order to better match the multi-level structural characteristics and multi-scale fracture process of cementitious composite, multi-scale hybrid fiber-reinforced strain hardening cementitious composite (MsHySHCC) was designed by adding hooked steel fiber and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) whisker into conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-reinforced SHCC. Compressive properties of PVA-SHCC and MsHySHCC were evaluated experimentally. The results indicate that the designed MsHySHCC had a better compressive performance than that of PVA-SHCC. Moderately partially substituted PVA fibers by steela fiber and CaCO3 whisker enhanced the compressive parameters, however, further substitution of PVA fibers by increasing the content of CaCO3 whisker didn’t bring a higher promotion. Two kinds of semi-theoretical compression constitutive models were developed from the perspective of damage mechanics theory and geometrical mathematical description, respectively. It was found that both of the proposed models can be applied to predict the uniaxial compressive stress-strain relationships of PVA-SHCC and MsHySHCCs.

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Al-Maharma, Ahmad, and Naser Al-Huniti. "The Effect of Nano-Sized Air Bubbles on the Mechanical Properties and Natural Frequencies of a Multi-Cracked Composite Bar." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 30 (May 2017): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.30.65.

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In this research, the effect of nanosized air bubbles embedded within carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated by various thicknesses of alumina (Al2O3) reinforced epoxy resin based composite on the natural frequencies of a multi-cracked bar is investigated in details. The impact of cracks’ locations and depths within the hybrid composite structure on the natural frequency profiles is investigated. The volume fraction of CNTs is fixed to 0.5 wt. % due to the significant improvements reported in the literature when the composite is reinforced with this volume fraction of CNTs. The results of the multi-scale finite element analysis are verified by comparing with previous studies and a good agreement is shown relating to the longitudinal natural frequencies. The results of the research show that the dynamic response of cracked bar is highly sensitive to the volume fractions of nanosized air bubbles located within the composite. The results of the study supported the hypothesis that the nanosized air bubbles can be used to reduce the weight of heavy composite structures along with using of suitable coatings to improve the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. Furthermore. The results of the study can be employed to detect multiple cracks located within similar structures like wind turbine blade (WTB) fabricated from a hybrid composite structure composed of carbon fiber reinforced modified epoxy resin which contains nanosized air bubbles and CNTs nanofillers coated by Al2O3 at different thicknesses.

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Hayat, Khazar, Shafaqat Siddique, Tipu Sultan, Hafiz T. Ali, Fahed A. Aloufi, and Riyadh F. Halawani. "Effect of Spar Design Optimization on the Mass and Cost of a Large-Scale Composite Wind Turbine Blade." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155612.

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Mass and cost tradeoffs by deploying three optimized spars, made of all-glass, hybrid and all-carbon composites, applied to a publicly available large-scale composite blade of 100 m in length for a 13.2 MW wind turbine, are explored. The blade mass and cost minimizations are calculated for two design load cases, generating the worst aerodynamic loads for parked and rotating rotor blades, while meeting the stiffness, strength, stability and resonance design requirements, as recommended by the wind turbine standards. The optimization cases are formulated as a single-objective, multi-constraint optimization problem, while taking into account the manufacturability of hybrid spars in particular, and it is solved using a genetic algorithm method. The blade mass lowers in the range of 8.1–13.3%, 18.5–20.7% and 25.7–26.4% for the optimized all-glass, hybrid and all-carbon spars, respectively, while the cost decreases for the optimized all-glass spars only. The cost increases in a range of 1.2–13.6% and 24.5–31.5% when the optimized hybrid and all-carbon spars are used. Further, the hybrid spar optimization using the blade mass and cost objective functions, as well as the effects of spar optimization on the blade’s structural performance in terms of tip deflection, strength, buckling resistance and first natural frequency, are discussed.

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Patel, Deepak K., and Anthony M. Waas. "Damage and failure modelling of hybrid three-dimensional textile composites: a mesh objective multi-scale approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2071 (July 13, 2016): 20160036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0036.

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This paper is concerned with predicting the progressive damage and failure of multi-layered hybrid textile composites subjected to uniaxial tensile loading, using a novel two-scale computational mechanics framework. These composites include three-dimensional woven textile composites (3DWTCs) with glass, carbon and Kevlar fibre tows. Progressive damage and failure of 3DWTCs at different length scales are captured in the present model by using a macroscale finite-element (FE) analysis at the representative unit cell (RUC) level, while a closed-form micromechanics analysis is implemented simultaneously at the subscale level using material properties of the constituents (fibre and matrix) as input. The N -layers concentric cylinder (NCYL) model (Zhang and Waas 2014 Acta Mech. 225 , 1391–1417; Patel et al. submitted Acta Mech. ) to compute local stress, srain and displacement fields in the fibre and matrix is used at the subscale. The 2-CYL fibre–matrix concentric cylinder model is extended to fibre and ( N −1) matrix layers, keeping the volume fraction constant, and hence is called the NCYL model where the matrix damage can be captured locally within each discrete layer of the matrix volume. The influence of matrix microdamage at the subscale causes progressive degradation of fibre tow stiffness and matrix stiffness at the macroscale. The global RUC stiffness matrix remains positive definite, until the strain softening response resulting from different failure modes (such as fibre tow breakage, tow splitting in the transverse direction due to matrix cracking inside tow and surrounding matrix tensile failure outside of fibre tows) are initiated. At this stage, the macroscopic post-peak softening response is modelled using the mesh objective smeared crack approach (Rots et al. 1985 HERON 30 , 1–48; Heinrich and Waas 2012 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Honolulu, HI, 23–26 April 2012 . AIAA 2012-1537). Manufacturing-induced geometric imperfections are included in the simulation, where the FE mesh of the unit cell is generated directly from micro-computed tomography (MCT) real data using a code S impleware . Results from multi-scale analysis for both an idealized perfect geometry and one that includes geometric imperfections are compared with experimental results (Pankow et al. 2012 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Honolulu, HI, 23–26 April 2012 . AIAA 2012-1572). This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.

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Stiller, Jonas, Kay Schäfer, Frank Helbig, Jürgen Tröltzsch, Daisy Nestler, and Lothar Kroll. "Material Selection and Process Configuration for Free-Form, Voluminous and Textile-Based Multi-Material-Design by the Example of a Bucket Seat." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.302.

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Hybrid textile-based composites possess an enormous potential for energy and resource efficient large-scale production, with freedom in and high specific mechanical properties. This paper covers the connection of available and established production processes for textiles in a differential process chain for the manufacturing of complex shaped and elastic sandwich components. The technology enables both stiffness and comfort through elasticity.OLU-Preg®-organic sheets, polyurethane foam cores and 3D-spacer fabrics form the targeted properties of demonstrator models. This article refers to the demonstrator part “bucket seat”. To show the benefit of complex composite material, the lightweight and mechanical properties of the sandwich structures are tested in several variations of core and comfort shapes. Absolute and specific improvements of performance are shown in static and dynamic examinations. An Analysis of coupling effects, deformation and failure behavior of the multi-material design (MMD) complete the scientific approach of the structure-property relationships of hybrid composites.

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Subagia, I. D. G. Ary, Zhe Jiang, Leonard D. Tijing, Yonjig Kim, Cheol Sang Kim, Jae Kyoo Lim, and Ho Kyong Shon. "Hybrid multi-scale basalt fiber-epoxy composite laminate reinforced with Electrospun polyurethane nanofibers containing carbon nanotubes." Fibers and Polymers 15, no. 6 (June 2014): 1295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-1295-4.

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Cappelli, Lorenzo, Georgios Balokas, Marco Montemurro, Frédéric Dau, and Laurent Guillaumat. "Multi-scale identification of the elastic properties variability for composite materials through a hybrid optimisation strategy." Composites Part B: Engineering 176 (November 2019): 107193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107193.

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Kane, Banda, Guillaume Wasselynck, Huu Kien Bui, Didier Trichet, and Gérard Berthiau. "Focalization of electromagnetic power at the interface between two composites materials for induction welding." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 91, no. 1 (July 2020): 10902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200022.

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This paper presents a fast-numerical approach to optimize the localization of induced power in highly anisotropic composite materials with a large-scale factor. A one-dimensional hybrid multi-physical tool allows us to find the best ply sequence and the best strategy to constrain the induced currents to circulate in an interest area defined respecting specific temperature objectives. A three-dimensional multi-physical modeling is then used on a few selected candidates to refine results.

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Alhakeem, Mohammed Ridha H. "An Overview of modeling of nano-composite materials and structures." Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v2i3.1703.

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The research conducted by many scientists and engineers on nanocomposite materials and continuous systems made from such materials will be reviewed historically in this article by the writers. Nano composites are a form of well-known composite material that has been improved by adding nanoscale fibers and/or particles for reinforcement. These materials may be more appropriate for industrial applications that require material qualities that are noticeably improved. In other words, because of the improved properties of materials at the nanoscale, the material properties of nanocomposites are superior to those of macroscale composites. Designers are using these materials more frequently than traditional composite materials as constituent parts in aerospace, mechanical, and automotive applications. In order to forecast how buildings made of these materials will behave under actual operating conditions, it is crucial to be aware of the research that has been done in this field. The mechanical analyses carried out on various nanocomposite structures, such as those reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTR), graphene (GR), graphene platelets (GPLR), graphene oxide (GOR), and multi-scale hybrid (MSH) nano-composite ones, will be reviewed in the sections that follow, along with the most significant aspects of the suggested scientific activities.

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Modler, Niels, Frank Adam, Johann Maaß, Philipp Kellner, Philipp Knothe, Marco Geuther, and Christoph Irmler. "Intrinsic Lightweight Steel-Composite Hybrids for Structural Components." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.401.

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Multi-Material Design has been identified to be an important enabler for lightweight structures, especially with regards to the goals for the large-scale implementation of e-mobility concepts. A novel 3D-Hybrid technology has been developed to combine the advantages of metal and fibre-reinforced thermoplastics in one structural part. This leads to significant weight reduction in combination with an increase in functionality. Additionally, the amount of single parts can be reduced; these factors combined make the technology competitive with conventional steel-sheet design. Investigations on basic profiles showed the feasibility of the technology in single stage production processes and proved the superior performance of the structure compared to conventional design. Finally, a B-pillar demonstration structure was produced in a highly automated process and investigated in side-impact related component tests.

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Lotte, Jens, Uwe Reisgen, and Alexander Schiebahn. "„Smart Multi Material Joint" – Hybrid Joint of Steel and FRP." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.314.

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Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) are increasingly used in modern industry. They offer numerous advantages in comparison to traditional materials. However, they cannot meet all requirements, which is why it is necessary to join FRP to a metallic base structure in most cases. Existing joining techniques cannot fulfill the demands of a fiber-fair joining technique that does not damage the fibers and can transfer applied forces into underlying laminate layers on the one hand but also provides a ductile failure behavior that is detectable with an integrated sensor on the other hand. An innovative, modified arc welding process offers a way to create small-scale pin structures that work as micro shear connectors without damaging the fibers of the composite, but ensure a multi-step failure behavior. This particular failure behavior enables the use of an integrated sensor system, which monitors the joint.

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Kumaresh Babu, S. P., Anand Chairman, N. Mohan, and Siddaramaiah. "Investigation on Two-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior of Tungsten Carbide Filled Glass Fabric-Epoxy Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.1039.

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The effect of tungsten carbide (WC) particulate fillers incorporation on two-body abrasive wear behaviour of glass fabric reinforced-epoxy (GE) composites was investigated and findings are interpreted. The wear behaviour of the composites were performed using pin-on-disc tester at varying abrasive distances viz., 25,50,75 and 100 m at a constant load of 20 N. The experiment was conducted using two different water proof silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive papers and at two different velocity under multi-pass condition. The wear loss of the composites found increasing with increase in abrading distances. A significant reduction in wear loss and specific wear rates were noticed after incorporation of WC filler into GE composite. This result indicates a significant improvement in wear resistance after incorporation of WC filler. The WC loaded systems exhibit less wear of matrix during abrasion which in turn facilitates lower fiber damage, due to the presence of WC particles on the counter surface which act as a transfer layer and effective barrier to prevent large-scale fragmentation. The worn out surface features were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to probe the wear mechanism.

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Lang, Zijian, Meng Zhang, Xiaoxing Li, and Xing Huang. "Innovative Manufacturing and Application of Fiber Metal Laminate Pipe." MATEC Web of Conferences 319 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031904004.

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Fiber-reinforced metal laminate tube (FMLT) is a multi-layered ultra-hybrid material that cures at fixed pressure and temperature after alternating metal laminates and fiber composites. As with the production process similar to the second-generation GLARE fiber-reinforced metal layer, the management layer of the formed composite layer should have good impact resistance characteristics, and can also be used in the impact-resistant structure of the aircraft, the landing cushion structure of the aircraft, and the body collision Device to protect aviation materials.The composite pipe fittings are made by hydraulic forming technology, which lays a good foundation for the small-scale fine processing of the pipe. In addition, use speckle models and other virtual software simulation models (such as various related software and related formulas) to monitor data before and after hydroforming of fiber-reinforced metal layer tubes, it lays a good data foundation for the hydroforming of pipes and subsequent experiments.The development and performance testing of GLARE composite tube hydraulic forming technology is of great significance to the development of lightweight and safety in the aviation industry and the automobile industry.

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Kumar, Sunil, and Arun Gupta. "Preparation and mechanical properties of Nanoclay-MWCNT/Epoxy hybrid nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2021.14239.

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<p>Among the various kinds of reinforcing element, Multi Wall Carbon Nano-tubes (MWCNT) and Nanoclay have found much more attention as a filler element to upgrade the mechanical properties of polymer composite material. In this paper, production of hybrid nanocomposites and the effect of MWCNT and nanoclay on mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites have been evaluated. In hybrid nanocomposites, MWCNT and nanoclay are embedded in epoxy resin. The processing of hybrid nanocomposite is always been a difficult task for researcher to prepare defects free samples. Here, the processing of Epoxy/Nanoclay-MWCNT hybrid composites has been done by using homogenizer and ultrasonic techniques for complete dispersion of nanoparticles into epoxy resin. The MWCNT and nanoclay were embedded into epoxy resin in different weight fractions and mixtures were used for tensile test and hardness specimen production. The tensile modulus and tensile strength values have been calculated via tensile tests. The test result shows that tensile modulus of samples increases as the filler content increase up to certain extent but then start decreasing. Also the elongation reduces as the filler content rises in the epoxy which shows the brittleness present in the samples. Rockwell hardness on B-scale was conducted on Nanocomposite samples and found that increasing the filler content excessively does not improve hardness as much.</p>

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Zhang, Fu Hua, Xiao Dong He, Li Hua Dong, and Yan Sheng Yin. "Molecular Simulation of the Interfacial Properties of an Epoxy Composite Reinforced Using a Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Fiber Hybrid." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1289.

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Molecular simulations of the interfacial properties of (1) a composite with an epoxy(EP) matrix and a carbon nanotube(CNT)/carbon fiber(CF) multi-scale reinforcement and (2) a traditional CF/EP composite were performed employing Materials Studio 4.0 software. Results indicate that the interfacial atom concentration of material 1 is higher that that of material 2 by interfacial molecular structure analysis, and there are many benzene rings in both material 1 and material 2 which are parallel to the crystal layers of CF. The contact layer thickness of material 1 and material 2 is 0.25 and 0.10 nm, respectively. The concentration distribution calculation of EP molecules in the interface shows that the most concentrated part of EP in material 2 appears in the carry-forward area of the contact layer, while it is more close to the contact layer in material 1.

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Xie, Chaopeng, Mingli Cao, Junfeng Guan, Zixing Liu, and Mehran Khan. "Improvement of boundary effect model in multi-scale hybrid fibers reinforced cementitious composite and prediction of its structural failure behavior." Composites Part B: Engineering 224 (November 2021): 109219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109219.

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Banerjee, Sourav, and Riaz Ahmed. "Precursor/incubation of multi-scale damage state quantification in composite materials: using hybrid microcontinuum field theory and high-frequency ultrasonics." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 60, no. 6 (June 2013): 1141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2013.2677.

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Shivalingaiah, Kanchiraya, Vinayaka Nagarajaiah, Chithirai Pon Selvan, Smitha Thothera Kariappa, Nandini Gowdru Chandrashekarappa, Avinash Lakshmikanthan, Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa, and Emanoil Linul. "Stir Casting Process Analysis and Optimization for Better Properties in Al-MWCNT-GR-Based Hybrid Composites." Metals 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081297.

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Pure aluminium poses inferior properties that limit its use in load-bearing applications. Reinforcing multiwall carbon nano-tube (solid lubricant) and graphene to aluminium matrix offers better (antifriction, hardness, and wear resistance) properties in composites for such applications. A stir casting processing route is employed to prepare the hybrid composite (aluminium-multiwall carbon nanotube-graphene Al-MWCNT-GR). The Taguchi L16 experimental matrix representing four variables (percent reinforcement of graphene, die temperature, melt temperature, and stir speed) operating at four levels were studied to analyze and obtain higher hardness and low wear rate in hybrid composites. Percent reinforcement of graphene showed maximum impact, and die temperature resulted with the least contribution towards both the responses. Criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is applied to determine the weight fractions (importance) for hardness and wear rate equal to 0.4752 and 0.5482, respectively. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and multi-objective optimization by the ratio analysis (MOORA) method converts multiple objective functions into a single objective function with weight fractions assigned to each output. Taguchi-CRITIC-MOORA outperformed the Taguchi-CRITIC-GRA method, which could result in 31.77% increase in hardness and a 36.33% decrease in wear rate compared to initial conditions. The optimal conditions ensure a dense microstructure with minimal pores, result in enhanced properties compared to that obtained for initial and average stir casting conditions. The worn-out surface results in a few thin and slender grooves between tracks with less crack propagation, ensuring self-lubrication in composites fabricated with the optimized condition. The better properties resulted in the hybrid composites correspond to optimized stir casting conditions and can be implemented in industries for large-scale applications.

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Cui, Kai, Jun Chang, Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri, and Jiandong Huang. "Toughness, Reinforcing Mechanism, and Durability of Hybrid Steel Fiber Reinforced Sulfoaluminate Cement Composites." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081243.

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As a low-carbon ecological cement-based material, SAC (sulfoaluminate cement) has become a research hotspot. This study developed a SAC-based high-performance concrete material with good durability and high toughness. The mechanical properties of different scales of MSF (macro steel fiber) and mSF (micro steel fiber) reinforced sulfoaluminate cement-based composites were mainly studied, including their compressive strength, flexural strength, toughness index, and toughness ratio, and their resistance to sulfate erosion was characterized. The results show that adding MSF and HSF (hybrid steel fibers) can significantly improve concrete’s compressive and flexural strength compared with the Plain group. The compressive strength of SSF1 (1% MSF) and SSF2 (1.5% MSF) increased by 10.9%, 19.6%, and the compressive strength of HSF1 (0.1% mSF, 1.4% MSF), HSF2 (0.2% mSF, 1.3%MSF), HSF3 (0.3% mSF, 1.2% MSF), and HSF4 (0.5% mSF, 1.0% MSF) increased by 23.9%, 33.7%, 37.0%, 29.3%, respectively, while the flexural strength of HSF1, HSF2, HSF3, and HSF4 groups increased by 51.4%, 84.9%, 88.1%, and 64.2%. Compared with the single steel fiber (SSF) group, the HSF group has higher initial crack strength, equivalent flexural strength, toughness index, and toughness ratio. Hybrid fibers have a higher synergistic effect when mSF content is 0.2–0.3% and MSF content is 1.2–1.3%. The mechanism of multi-scale reinforcement of hybrid-steel-fiber-enhanced sulfoaluminate cement-based composites was researched. MSF bridges macro-cracks, mSF bridges micro-cracks, and these two different scales of steel fibers, through filling, bridging, anchoring, pulling off, and pulling out, improve the toughness of composite materials. The mechanism of sulfate corrosion resistance of sulfoaluminate cement-based composites was obtained. SO42− entered the matrix and reacted and formed AFt, filling the matrix’s pores. The whole process is similar to the self-healing process of concrete.

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Montero, Javier, Yasmina Guadilla, Javier Flores, Beatriz Pardal-Peláez, Norberto Quispe-López, Cristina Gómez-Polo, and Abraham Dib. "Patient-Centered Treatment Outcomes with Full-Arch PEEK Rehabilitation Supported on Four Immediate or Conventionally Loaded Implants. A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194589.

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This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes (functional and subjective) of full-arch fixed hybrid rehabilitations made of PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone) with milled crowns of nano-filled composite (NFC) supported on four to six implants. In this randomized clinical trial, 34 edentate patients in the upper and/or the lower jaws were treated with the fixed hybrid dentures. In 16 patients (47.1% of the sample), the implants were loaded immediately (IL) by means of a provisional fixed rehabilitation made of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) screwed on Multi-Unit (MU) abutments connected after emplacement of the implant; however, in the counterparts (n = 18) these MU abutments were covered by healing caps and were left unloaded during two months (conventional loading protocol—CL), when all patients received a fixed hybrid PEEK-NFC rehabilitation on the upper and/or the lower jaw. Treatment outcomes were assessed 12 months after prostheses delivery. Functional outcomes were calculated according to masticatory performance, estimated by mixing ability tests of two colored chewing gums after ten chewing strokes, by the occlusal force/area recorded by pressure-sensitive sheets, and by electromyography of masseters and temporal muscles at maximum biteforce. The subjective outcomes of the treatment were assessed using both the oral satisfaction scale (visual analog scale) and the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-20). The findings of the present study showed that treatment with fixed PEEK-NFC hybrid prostheses significantly improved the masticatory performance, bite force, occlusal pattern, quality of life, and satisfaction, with the IL group being those with significantly higher occlusal bite forces and greater satisfaction in comparison with CL group. It should be concluded that PEEK-NFC hybrid prostheses can improve several patient-centered outcomes and that loading protocol significantly affects the patient’s self-rated satisfaction.

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Reincke, Tobias, Sven Hartwig, and Klaus Dilger. "Enhanced Comprehension of the Continuous Fusion Bonding Process of Multi-Material Structures." Materials Science Forum 939 (November 2018): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.939.197.

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In comparison to monolithic composite structures, tailored multi-material structures offer high potential considering lightweight design approaches in combination with cost efficient manufacturing processes. Roll forming enables flexible large scale production of hybrid structures, due to the continuous manufacturing process as well as high degree of automation. The multi-material structures consist of steel sheets which are selectively reinforced by unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics (CFR-TP). In view of minimizing process steps and decreasing cycle times, both materials are joined by fusion bonding. Therefore, CFR-TP is heated above melting temperature of thermoplastic matrix and joined to the steel surface under defined pressure and time. However, joining of both materials within a continuous process is still challenging due to a lack in terms of process comprehension. Consequently, multi-material specimens were manufactured depending on various process parameters as temperature of either material or processing speed and tested mechanically by floating roller peel test for the evaluation of the adhesion between both materials. Furthermore, viscosity of matrix was determined and investigations of CFR-TP interface were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show the requirement of a defined CFR-TP temperature and the change in crystalline structure of the matrix in dependency of the processing.

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Banerjee, Sourav, and Riaz Ahmed. "Errata: Precursor/incubation of multi-scale damage state quantification in composite materials: Using hybrid microcontinuum field theory and high-frequency ultrasonics [Jun 13 1141-1151]." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 61, no. 7 (July 2014): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2014.3024.

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Niu, Hongli, and Yazhi Zhao. "Crude oil prices and volatility prediction by a hybrid model based on kernel extreme learning machine." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, no. 6 (2021): 8096–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021402.

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<abstract> <p>In view of the important position of crude oil in the national economy and its contribution to various economic sectors, crude oil price and volatility prediction have become an increasingly hot issue that is concerned by practitioners and researchers. In this paper, a new hybrid forecasting model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) is proposed to forecast the daily prices and 7-day volatility of Brent and WTI crude oil. The KELM has the advantage of less time consuming and lower parameter-sensitivity, thus showing fine prediction ability. The effectiveness of VMD-KELM model is verified by a comparative study with other hybrid models and their single models. Except various commonly used evaluation criteria, a recently-developed multi-scale composite complexity synchronization (MCCS) statistic is also utilized to evaluate the synchrony degree between the predictive and the actual values. The empirical results verify that 1) KELM model holds better performance than ELM and BP in crude oil and volatility forecasting; 2) VMD-based model outperforms the EEMD-based model; 3) The developed VMD-KELM model exhibits great superiority compared with other popular models not only for crude oil price, but also for volatility prediction.</p> </abstract>

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Peng, Peng, Li xin Guo, and Chuangming Tong. "A hybrid EM scheme for the composite scattering and the SAR imaging of a low-altitude target above the electrically large and multi-scale sea surface." Electromagnetics 37, no. 8 (November 2017): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2017.1392718.

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Wang, Yongkun, Zhiwei Xu, Li Chen, Yanan Jiao, and Xiaoqing Wu. "Multi-scale hybrid composites-based carbon nanotubes." Polymer Composites 32, no. 2 (August 25, 2010): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.21035.

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Petrény, Roland, and László Mészáros. "Multi-scale hybrid composites are making their way." Express Polymer Letters 16, no. 12 (2022): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2022.89.

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Akmar, A. B. Ilyani, O. Kramer, and T. Rabczuk. "Probabilistic multi-scale optimization of hybrid laminated composites." Composite Structures 184 (January 2018): 1111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.10.032.

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Zakaria, Muhammad Razlan, Hazizan Md Akil, Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus, and Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid MWCNT-Alumina Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.135.

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This paper presents the multi-scale hybridization of carbon nanotube (CNT) with microparticles in polymers which offers new opportunity to develop high performance multifunctional composites. The hybrid carbon nanotube-alumina (CNT-Al2O3) compound was synthesized via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) by direct growth of CNT on alumina particles. This hybrid CNT-Al2O3 compound was incorporated into the epoxy matrix at various filler loadings (i.e., 1–5%) and compared to physically mixed CNT-Al2O3. The CNT-Al2O3 hybrid epoxy composites showed higher hardness compared to the CNT-Al2O3 physically mixed epoxy composites. This enhancement was associated with the homogenous dispersion of CNT-Al2O3 hybrid compound in the epoxy matrix.

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Roh, Hyung Doh, Beom-Gon Cho, In-Yong Lee, and Young-Bin Park. "Multi-scale hybrid In situ tow scale carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic strain sensor." Composites Science and Technology 214 (September 2021): 108946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108946.

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Wan, Tong, Shuang Liao, Kunpeng Wang, Peng Yan, and Mike Clifford. "Multi-scale hybrid polyamide 6 composites reinforced with nano-scale clay and micro-scale short glass fibre." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 50 (July 2013): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.03.009.

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Nguyen, Wilson, Jacob F. Duncan, Paulo J. M. Monteiro, and Claudia P. Ostertag. "Multi-Scale Characterization of Corrosion Initiation of Preloaded Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Composites." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.195.

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Many reinforced concrete structures susceptible to corrosion damage are subjected to externally applied loads, causing cracking. These cracks increase the permeability of the material, accelerating the ingress of corrosion-inducing deleterious agents. In this paper, the effect of multiple microcracking and macrocrack formation on corrosion initiation was investigated. A hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HyFRC), which forms ductile, distributed microcracking prior to dominant crack localization due to multiple tiers of fiber reinforcement, is being studied for its performance against corrosion damage. The effect of matrix cracking on corrosion initiation was studied with beam specimens preloaded in flexure prior to long-term corrosion exposure. Reinforced HyFRC composites were found to have a delayed corrosion initiation response due to reductions in crack widths and suppression of splitting cracks, compared to conventional reinforced concrete. The influence of microcracks on corrosion is studied using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) on reinforced fiber-reinforced cementitious composites and reinforced mortar preloaded in tension.

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Ha, Sung Kyu, Lei Xu, Chao Zhao, and Matthias DeMonte. "Progressive failure prediction of short fiber reinforced composites using a multi-scale approach." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 27 (April 22, 2018): 3785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318770252.

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A hybrid multi-scale approach combining a virtual mesoscale volume element (representative volume element) and a microscale finite element representative unit cell is developed, for progressive failure prediction of short fiber reinforced composites. The representative volume element represents the fiber orientation and distribution of the whole composites, from which the global mechanical behavior can be estimated. The representative unit cell captures the local mechanical response of each short fiber by transforming global strains to local strains. The constituent strains of the fiber, matrix, and interface are calculated from local strains using representative unit cell. Correlations between mesoscale local strains and microscale constituent strains are established using strain amplification factors. After computing microscale stresses, a progressive damage model is employed to determine the damage status of all constituents. A homogenization method is employed to eliminate damage localization in the matrix and interface. The predicted stress–strain curves are compared with experimental results, and good agreement is also achieved.

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Zhao, Jinchao, Nazila Dehbari, Wei Han, Leping Huang, and Youhong Tang. "Electrospun multi-scale hybrid nanofiber/net with enhanced water swelling ability in rubber composites." Materials & Design 86 (December 2015): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.105.

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Chen, Qi, Weidong Wu, Yong Zhao, Min Xi, Tao Xu, and Hao Fong. "Nano-epoxy resins containing electrospun carbon nanofibers and the resulting hybrid multi-scale composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 58 (March 2014): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.048.

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Chen, Ning, Siyuan Xia, Dejie Yu, Jian Liu, and Michael Beer. "Hybrid interval and random analysis for structural-acoustic systems including periodical composites and multi-scale bounded hybrid uncertain parameters." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 115 (January 2019): 524–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.06.016.

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Li, Pubo, Hua Yang, and Mangmang Gao. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-scale in-situ Mg2Si and CNTs hybrid reinforced AZ91D composites." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 14 (September 2021): 2471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.160.

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Sharma, S. P., and S. C. Lakkad. "Compressive strength of carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix multi-scale hybrid composites." Surface and Coatings Technology 205, no. 2 (October 2010): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.06.055.

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Lee, Sang-Bok, Oyoung Choi, Wonoh Lee, Jin-Woo Yi, Byung-Sun Kim, Joon-Hyung Byun, Myung-Keun Yoon, Hao Fong, Erik T. Thostenson, and Tsu-Wei Chou. "Processing and characterization of multi-scale hybrid composites reinforced with nanoscale carbon reinforcements and carbon fibers." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 42, no. 4 (April 2011): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.10.016.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-scale Hybrid composite'

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