Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multi-Rôle'
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Jouvin, Denis. "Délégation de Rôle et Architectures Dynamiques de Systèmes Multi-Agents Conversationnels." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10258.
Full textPassot, Fanny. "Rôle et spécificité d'interaction des systèmes parABS de Burkholderia cenocepacia, bactérie multi-chromosomique." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1384/.
Full textWe are working on B. Cenocepacia J2315 (Bcen), which genome is divided into 3 chromosomes (c1, c2, c3) and 1 plasmid (pBC), each carrying a parABS system, homologs of known plasmid segregation systems. By studying deletions of the parAB operons and excess of parS sites, I proved that parABS systems are important for fitness. More specifically, the analysis of the replicon origin localizations indicates that these systems are implied in the segregation of their own replicons. To avoid incompatibility, the 4 parABS systems must avoid cross-interactions. This is achieved by a stringent ParB-parS interaction, as shown by lack of recognition of mutant parSc1 or parSc3 in toxicity tests in Bcen. Identification and analysis of a group of related parABS, exclusive of the secondary replicons of the Burkholderiales, allowed us to identify a pHTH domain implied in ParB binding on parS, and to reveal that compatibility drives a diversifying evolution of the parABS systems
Cambefort, Marine. "Rôle du leadership d'opinion dans la résistance du consommateur à la marque : approche multi-méthodes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1039/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation studies the role of opinion leadership in a particular context that is consumer resistance to brand. To this end, three studies are conducted. First, an ethnographic research helps to better define the characteristics and roles of opinion leaders in a resistance group. Results show that these leaders have particular status, both formal and informal. They also possess sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, as well as characteristics related to their own consumption habits. Finally they can take on three different roles: influencing militants and other consumer’s resistance, transmitting and maintaining group norms, and managing external relations. The second study draws from a clinical approach and uses 15 in-depth interviews to understand leaders’ actions against the brand. Data analysis emphasizes contextual, individual, and relational factors which all have consequences – whether positive or negative – on the opinion leadership process. Finally, a quantitative study based on a quasi-experiment (n=260) shows that opinion leadership in a cause has an indirect effect on consumer intention to resist against a particular brand (boycott, complaints, negative word-of-mouth), via leader’s perceived expertise in the cause. Perceptual homophily (similarity of tastes, distastes, values and experiences) and ties strength (affective closeness) have moderator effects in the model
Cambefort, Marine. "Rôle du leadership d'opinion dans la résistance du consommateur à la marque : approche multi-méthodes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1039.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation studies the role of opinion leadership in a particular context that is consumer resistance to brand. To this end, three studies are conducted. First, an ethnographic research helps to better define the characteristics and roles of opinion leaders in a resistance group. Results show that these leaders have particular status, both formal and informal. They also possess sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, as well as characteristics related to their own consumption habits. Finally they can take on three different roles: influencing militants and other consumer’s resistance, transmitting and maintaining group norms, and managing external relations. The second study draws from a clinical approach and uses 15 in-depth interviews to understand leaders’ actions against the brand. Data analysis emphasizes contextual, individual, and relational factors which all have consequences – whether positive or negative – on the opinion leadership process. Finally, a quantitative study based on a quasi-experiment (n=260) shows that opinion leadership in a cause has an indirect effect on consumer intention to resist against a particular brand (boycott, complaints, negative word-of-mouth), via leader’s perceived expertise in the cause. Perceptual homophily (similarity of tastes, distastes, values and experiences) and ties strength (affective closeness) have moderator effects in the model
Bondon, Arnaud. "Stabilité des écoulements stratifiés en coextrusion : Etude multi-échelle du rôle de l’architecture du copolymère aux interfaces." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0100.
Full textSeveral polymers can be combined in one multilayer structure by reactive coextrusion. Tie-layers are often used to compatibilize the adjacent layers and may reduce or suppress the interfacial instabilities and the defects in the multilayer coextrusion flow. However, an additional defect defined as the “grainy” defect can be observed. In the best of our knowledge, no study in literature has been devoted to understand its origin. The phenomena are quite complex due to the coupling of the effects of flow and the physico-chemical mechanisms at the interface. The aim of this work is to understand the relations between the instabilities and the defects encountered in multilayer coextruded films and the role of the copolymer formed in-situ between tie and barrier layers. Polyamide 6 (PA6) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) were used as the barrier layers sandwiched in a polypropylene (PP) with or without a polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as a tie-layer. The effect of the process parameters and the structure of the polymers on the generation of the “grainy” defect was assessed in correlation with the rheological and the physicochemical properties of the layers. These experiments have shown that this defect appeared mainly in the compatibilized EVOH system and could be distinguished from the usual coextrusion instabilities. The interfacial properties between tie and barrier layers were investigated. The characterization of the interfacial morphology by TEM and AFM highlighted an irregular and rough interface between PP-g-MA and EVOH while a flat interface was observed with PA6 and PP-g-MA. Step shear and startup elongation rheology was shown to be sensitive to the copolymer at the polymer/polymer interface. The study of the interfacial properties highlighted that the copolymer architecture significantly impacts the interfacial roughness and the rheology of the multilayer stuctures. Hence, relations between the relaxation process, the interfacial morphology and the copolymer architecture were established in correlation with the generation of the macroscopic grainy defect in coextrusion
MAUREL, Olivier. "L'exhumation de la Zone Axiale des Pyrénées orientales : Une approche thermo-chronologique multi-méthodes du rôle des failles." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003429.
Full textGrenier, Melanie. "Le rôle du Pacifique Tropical Sud-Ouest dans la fertilisation du Pacifique Équatorial : couplage dynamique et multi-traceur." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876092.
Full textGrenier, Mélanie. "Le rôle du pacifique tropical sud-ouest dans la fertilisation du pacifique équatorial : couplage dynamique et multi-traceur." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2070/.
Full textIn my thesis, I study the sources of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). The EUC is composed of water masses that feed the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, an area of prime importance due to its biological productivity and its impact on climate. First, I used an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to describe the EUC in terms of its source trajectories, transports and mean hydrological characteristics. Then, I characterized the geochemical enrichment of the water masses that feed the equatorial Pacific, the EUC waters being the main contributors to the High Nutrients - Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) area. For this purpose, I used geochemical tracers : the neodymium (Nd) isotopes and the Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations. Finally, I coupled both approaches to quantify the geochemical evolution of the thermocline waters of the southwest Pacific
Maurel, Olivier. "L' exhumation de la zone axiale des Pyrénées orientales : une approche thermo-chronologique multi-méthodes du rôle des failles." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20037.
Full textSeran, Nhuoc Thuy. "Le rôle des "objets-frontières" dans le contrôle des organisations virtualisées sous multi-gouvernance : le cas de deux DSI bancaires mutualistes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10034.
Full textVirtualised organizations with multi-governance are co-governed simultaneously by several independent organizations. Organizational and geographical distances encourage them to set up virtual teams on a large scale. These organizations adopt a particular control mode. In addition to the inter-organizational control, their control system is combined with an informal interactive control. The e-collaboration is their important way of work. The boundary objects play an important role in the and in the informal interactive control and in the e-collaboration, beyond organizational boundaries, geographical and temporal
Raynaud, Christophe. "Etude du rôle des télomères, des protéines télomériques et de l'instabilité génétique au cours de la carcinogenèse multi-étapes colique et mammaire." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T081.
Full textRojas, Muñoz Oscar Javier. "Le rôle des nuages et des processus de surface sur la variabilité de la température à l'échelle locale : analyse d'observations multi-variables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ016.
Full textLarge-scale dynamics dominate the surface temperature variations and atmospheric conditions in Western Europe to the first order. However, this large-scale air mass circulation alone does not explain all the temperature and precipitation variability. At the second order, this variability depends on small-scale processes via the atmospheric boundary layer and the surface energy balance (SEB), which itself depends largely on radiation and thus on cloud properties.The objective of this thesis is to better understand local processes and their influence on local climate variability, with a particular focus on the role of clouds.To do so, the first objective is to quantify the specific local contribution of the main SEB terms acting on short-term (i.e. hourly) temperature variations in Ile de France, and to determine their importance and the conditions under which one or the other of these terms will be preponderant. The four terms acting on the temperature variations are radiation (which can be separated into clear sky and cloud contribution), heat exchange with the atmosphere, heat exchange with the ground, and temperature advection. We develop the OTEM model that allows us to estimate these terms almost exclusively from observations, using the SIRTA-ReOBS dataset. We show that the sum of these four terms gives a good estimate of the hourly temperature variations. The weight of each term of the SEB on the hourly temperature variations is analyzed using the random forest method, whose main advantage is its ability to handle thousands of input variables and identify the most significant ones. This analysis showed that regardless of the season, clouds are the main modulator of the sun's effect on hourly temperature variations during the day, and they completely dominate during the night.The second objective is to study the specific role of clouds in temperature variations. For this purpose, other observations including lidar profiles have been used, exclusively under cloudy conditions. Several cases were created from the radiative effect of clouds during the day and night to (i) better understand how they affect the state of the atmosphere and thus other variables at the surface, and (ii) characterize the type of predominant clouds according to their radiative effect.Finally, we investigate the spatio-temporal variability of the previously obtained results: (1) spatial variability by applying the same method to the Meteopole site in Toulouse to understand how local specific conditions affect each of the terms involved in the surface temperature variations; (2) variability as a function of large-scale air circulation conditions by separating our results as a function of North Atlantic weather patterns
Curie, Florence. "Rétention de nitrate dans les zones humides riveraines : rôle des facteurs hydrologiques, géomorphologiques et biogéochimiques : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Seine." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066353.
Full textBrazier, Jean-Michel. "Rôle des phases minérales des sols en tant que réservoirs de nutriments : approche expérimentale (abiotique), en milieu naturel et multi-isotopique (isotopes stables Ca-Sr)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH005/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis examined the mechanisms of storage and release, from and elementary and isotopically point of view, of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) onto or into mineral phases commonly encountered within soils (primary minerals, clay minerals, oxy-hydroxides, pedogenic carbonate). A robust δ88Sr measurements method had to be developed in the laboratory and validated by the measurement of international reference materials, mostly never measured in the literature. The results of this work show that Ca adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals generates a quantifiable isotopic fractionation by preferential uptake of the light isotope (40Ca) under our experimental conditions when the minerals have a significant structural charge and specific surface area and/or an interlayer space open to hydrated cations adsorption. A study on rhizoliths in natural environment has also highlighted that the combination of Ca and Sr isotopes allows an effective tracing of sources and mechanisms in the problematic related to the storage of these two elements within soils
Payne, Ariane. "Rôle de la faune sauvage dans le système multi-hôtes de Mycobacterium bovis et risque de transmission entre faune sauvage et bovins : étude expérimentale en Côte d’Or." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10040/document.
Full textBovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a multi-host zoonosis. Besides cattle,it can be transmitted to various wild populations and some of them are able to maintain or to spillback the infection to cattle, thus hampering control strategies. The maintenance of M. bovis by wild populations is dependent on species, on geographical configurations, and on hunting and husbandry practices. Our objective was to investigate the role the different wild populations involved in the M. bovis multi-host system of Côte d’Or, where bTB has been reoccuring in cattle since 2002 and has also been found in badgers, wild boar, red deer and foxes. To do so, we have assessed different risk factors. These include infection rate, ability to 10 shed M. bovis, populations densities and level of indirect contact between wild populations and cattle. For the latter factor, we have tracked 11 wild boars and 10 badgers and used remote surveillance in cattle farms. Our results suggest that, in the study site, badgers, wild boar and red deer may be able to spillback the infection to cattle. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these hypotheses and to investigate whether some of these wild populations can act, individually as reservoirs. It might also be the case that, taken jointly, these wild populations could constitute a maintenance community. On the basis of our results, we made recommandations aiming at reducing the risk of spillback transmission
Béliveau, Julie. "Le rôle des cadres intermédiaires dans le transfert d'une approche humaniste de gestion, de soins et de services : une étude multi-cas au Centre de réadaptation Estrie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5780.
Full textGayet, Landry. "Rôle du cholestérol et de la cavéoline-1 sur la structure, l'activité et la fonction de la Glycoprotéine-P responsable du phénotype de multi-chimio-résistance des cancers." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10109.
Full textSommerlatt, Isabelle. "Incitation et contrôle en univers multi-institutionnel, nature et rôle des outils d'aide à la décision : application à l'amélioration de la qualité de service dans les transports urbains." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090009.
Full textLavergne, Céline. "Rôle (structure et fonction) des communautés procaryotes (bactéries et archées) dans le cycle de l’azote d’une vasière littorale du Pertuis Charentais : influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques par une approche multi-échelle." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS034/document.
Full textIn diatoms-dominated intertidal mudflats, at low tide the primary production is particularly high and microphytobenthos that can be limited by nitrogen-related nutrients is linked with N-related prokaryotic communities. Thus, this PhD thesis aim at describing by ecological approach, the role of benthic prokaryotic communities especially N-related ones, at various temporal scales linked to microphytobenthos life cycles. Sediment samples from Marennes-Oleron mudflat (Atlantic coast, France) were collected according to 5 layers : 0-0.5 cm, 0.5-1 cm, 1-2 cm, 2-5 cm and 5 to 10 cm below sediment surface (bsf). Various biotic (i.e. chlorophyll a) and abiotic parameters (i.e. nutrients, exopolymeric substances, water content, salinity, pH, temperature…) were recorded and linked with benthic bacterial production, enzymatic activities and N-related functional genes (i.e. implied in nitrification, denitrification, and anammox). Furthermore, the bacterial and archaeal diversity was assessed by 454 pyrosequencing in order to characterize the communities and shift in link with biotic and abiotic drivers. Aiming at evaluating the influence of abiotic parameters and microphytobenthic activities on the prokaryotic communities, in situ measurements were coupled to a semi-controlled approach
Abrami, Géraldine. "Niveaux d'organisation dans la modélisation multi-agent pour la gestion de ressources renouvelables. Application à la mise en œuvre de règles collectives de gestion de l'eau agricole dans la basse-vallée de la Drôme." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000904.
Full textGervais, Gaël. "Rôle des paramètres opératoires sur la fiabilité d’une analyse multi-résidus de micropolluants dans l’eau : extraction sur phase solide, séparation par chromatographie liquide à très haute pression et détection par spectrométrie de masse en tandem." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S057.
Full textThe occurrence of micropollutants is a major aspect in water quality assessment. For the last few years, analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has become the main technique for the analysis of a broad range of micropollutants. On the basis of some pesticides and endocrine disruptor compounds in water analysis, impacts of the parameters: extraction, separation, detection and data processing, on the analysis reliability (repeatability, accuracy, stability, reproducibility…) have been studied. Each step of the analytical method has been optimized and the parameters, affecting substance signals have been discussed. A global reflection upon the cause of signal variations and the possible answers to apply has been conducted. Proposed answers were validated by real matrix analysis and inter-laboratory studies. This work presents the tools and the key-points to ensure the results obtained by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Zaffaroni, Marta. "Modélisation des interactions plant-puceron, en considérant explicitement le rôle des pratiques agricoles : Pêche (Prunus persica) - puceron vert (Myzus persicae) comme cas d'étude An ecophysiological model of plant–pest interactions: the role of nutrient and water availability Maximizing plant production and minimizing environmental impact: comparing agricultural management scenarios with multi criteria decision analysis The role of vectors interference in a shared host-multi vector system." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0723.
Full textAphids alter plant development and can transmit viruses, thus representing a major threat for crops. Aphid pressure on plant can be reduced and crop production can be enhanced by facilitating some ecological processes in addition, or in substitution, to the use of pesticides. Mathematical models can help in predicting the direction and strength of these ecological processes and they can reveal the impact of alternative ways of managing crops. The proposed thesis aims to develop process based mathematical models coupling plant physiology and aphid demography to drive ecological intensification and reduce the use of pesticides. The models consider i) interactions between plant and aphid, while most crop models only consider the effect of the pest on the plant and not vice versa hence impairing insights upon bottom-up pest control via cultural practices; and ii) the effect of cultural practices and the outcome in terms of harvest, issues that are usually absent in ecological models. Therefore, I firstly couple a mechanistic plant growth model with a pest population model, I calibrate it for a peach-green aphid system and I use it to get insights on the mechanisms behind the response of aphids to fertilization and irrigation. Furthermore, I develop an epidemiological model explicitly accounting for the interference between two aphid vectors. I apply the model to explore the effect of inter-specific aphid interference in shaping the spread of plant viruses, considering the effect of agricultural practices
Guigon, Gaëlle. "Des scénarios asymétriques pour des serious games multijoueurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS266.pdf.
Full textToday, opportunities for students to immerse themselves in concrete professional situations remain limited, often confined to group projects or internships. This thesis is situated in the field of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) and explores the design of serious games for learning, known as learning games, whose use as educational tools can help fill this gap. We focus on the development of Role Learning Games (RLG), intended to simulate multi-actor professional environments. Unlike traditional serious games oriented toward single-player gameplay, RLGs aim to replicate the complexity of professional interactions by encouraging cooperation between different roles, each with distinct objectives and activities. Our research problem thus deals with modeling scenarios with player interaction for asymmetrical learning games. The state of the art reveals a lack of existing methods and tools for creating such games. In response, we propose a model for designing asymmetric RLGs allowing interactions between players. Subsequently, we reified this model through two tools, one tangible in the form of a puzzle, the other digital and available online. Finally, the results obtained from the experiments are presented, demonstrating the interest of the model and these tools in supporting the teacher during the scenario development phase. The conclusion highlights the contribution of this research, while opening the way for future perspectives. Our research domain is TEL (Technology Enhanced Learning). We operate within the epistemological paradigm of pragmatic constructivism. This research was guided by Design Based Research (DBR) and we followed the THEDRE method: Traceable Human Experiment Design Research by Nadine Mandran. To address our research question, we conducted several qualitative experiments. The end-users involved in the experiments were predominantly teachers (from middle schools, high schools, or engineering schools) and instructional designers. Following the experiments, we conducted focus groups or individual interviews. The recorded exchanges during the sessions were subjected to thematic analysis.A total of 11 experiments conducted with 54 participants, primarily teachers and instructional designers, allowed the development of an innovative model for creating RLG scenarios. This model promotes the implementation of cooperation between the participants of the future RLG, each playing distinct roles with specific educational objectives. To evaluate our model, we created two complementary tools: a tangible kit (RLG Kit) and a digital application (RLG Maker). With these tools, two RLGs were played in class with around a hundred students in total. Additionally, a scenario verification system (RLG Checker) was developed to assist designers in scenario development, ensuring that roles can cooperate effectively.In summary, this thesis advances TEL by proposing a scenario design model for Role Learning Games, complemented by versatile scenario design tools and a verification system. The first applications of these tools have proven their effectiveness in creating educational games, receiving positive feedback from teachers. It is currently possible to extend their use beyond educational contexts, and we are working on integrating scenarios into a Unity template to generate 3D games using the RLG Maker
El, Khoury Marie. "Le rôle de l’enseignement du français dans la constitution et le maintien des élites au Liban." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0001.
Full textAs being a member country of the Francophone International Organization, Lebanon comes first in using French Language in Middle East. This particular position that France has in Lebanon is interpreted by the existence of the Christian political and social elite authentically native as Francophone. This elite has forged during many centuries privilege relations with France. Thus, French Language, the vector of the occidental civilization in the country of cedars, linked to the Lebanese history and traditions, is involved in the complexity of the Lebanese political and social fabric and the confessional mosaic. Attached at first to the Christian community, French Language is an essential compound of the multicultural identity of Lebanon. This study aims to display the relationship with the French Language in this country known by its internal tension between orient and Occident that makes the feature of the Lebanese Identity. It shows how French Language may be a marker of constitution and maintenance of the social and cultural Elites specifically at the Christian Maronite community in Lebanon and more specifically in North Lebanon the field of this study. It questions the situation of this language in the current context of Lebanon, where the Christians face a demographic decrease and a reduction of their representativeness and political influence, where the Anglophone dominates the world linguistic scene and where the majority of the extremist and radical Islam movements defending the Arab Language are intensified in Middle East
Walas, Aurélie. "Rôle de la recherche de légitimité dans la communication de la responsabilité sociétale : cas des caisses d'épargne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0438/document.
Full textAccording to legitimacy theory, the driver of corporate legitimacy influences corporate communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We aim to understand the role of the search for legitimacy in the communication of CSR, through a multi-method approach, embedded in the French Saving Banks research field.We show that banks disclose more CSR information related to their activities tafter the 2008 banking crisis, in accordance with legitimacy (paper 1). Banks communicate differently on CSR, which is associated with the search for different types of legitimacy (pragmatic, moral and cognitive). The French Saving Banks differentiate themselves from the other banks by communicating more about the societal and communicative CSR component. This differentiation is not surprising given their philanthropy integrated into their activities, governance and culture (paper 2).The type of integration of CSR could provide an appropriate explanation of the type of legitimacy sought.The use of moral responsibility would seek to restore legitimacy and the use of corporate philanthropy would seek to maintain legitimacy; the types of legitimacy (pragmatic, moral and cognitive) would be associated with different types of integration of philanthropy (activities, governance, culture) (paper 3).We return to the theoretical framework, to refine our definition of CSR (paper 4) and legitimation (paper 5) in order to expand the study of legitimation through philanthropy, into the study of legitimation through CSR (paper 6). The linkages between the legitimacy sought and the CSR communicated leads us to propose a deepening of legitimacy theory and CSR legitimation management tools
Dollion, Nicolas. "Le traitement des expressions faciales au cours de la première année : développement et rôle de l'olfaction." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS085/document.
Full textThe first year of life is critical for the development of the abilities to process facial expressions. Olfaction and expressions are both strongly linked to each other, and it is well known that infants are able to multisensorially integrate their environment as early as birth. However, most of the studies interested in multisensory processing of facial expressions are restricted to the investigation of audio-visual interactions.In this thesis, we firstly aimed to resolve different issues concerning the ontogenesis of infants’ ability to process facial expressions. Our results allowed to specify the development of visual exploratory strategies of facial emotions along the first year of life, and to demonstrate that a progressive distinction of expressions according to their emotional meaning is present. Using the EEG, we were also able to specify the nature and the time course of facial expressions distinction in 3-month-old infants.The second objective of our studies was to expand the knowledge concerning the multisensory processing of facial expressions. More specifically we wanted to investigate the influence of olfacto-visual interactions on this processing. Our event-related potentials experiments allowed to specify the time course of the cerebral integration of olfaction in the visual processing of emotional faces in adults, and to demonstrate that similar interactions are present in infants as young as 3 month-old. We also demonstrated that at 7 months of age odors trigger the search for specific facial expressions. Our results suggest that olfaction might contribute to the development of infants’ ability to process facially displayed emotions
Moulin-Frier, Clément. "Rôle des relations perception-action dans la communication parlée et l'émergence des systèmes phonologiques : étude, modélisation computationnelle et simulations." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634591.
Full textWalas, Aurélie. "Rôle de la recherche de légitimité dans la communication de la responsabilité sociétale : cas des caisses d'épargne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181122_WALAS_975m12bmk608oj128lgu_TH.pdf.
Full textAccording to legitimacy theory, the driver of corporate legitimacy influences corporate communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We aim to understand the role of the search for legitimacy in the communication of CSR, through a multi-method approach, embedded in the French Saving Banks research field.We show that banks disclose more CSR information related to their activities tafter the 2008 banking crisis, in accordance with legitimacy (paper 1). Banks communicate differently on CSR, which is associated with the search for different types of legitimacy (pragmatic, moral and cognitive). The French Saving Banks differentiate themselves from the other banks by communicating more about the societal and communicative CSR component. This differentiation is not surprising given their philanthropy integrated into their activities, governance and culture (paper 2).The type of integration of CSR could provide an appropriate explanation of the type of legitimacy sought.The use of moral responsibility would seek to restore legitimacy and the use of corporate philanthropy would seek to maintain legitimacy; the types of legitimacy (pragmatic, moral and cognitive) would be associated with different types of integration of philanthropy (activities, governance, culture) (paper 3).We return to the theoretical framework, to refine our definition of CSR (paper 4) and legitimation (paper 5) in order to expand the study of legitimation through philanthropy, into the study of legitimation through CSR (paper 6). The linkages between the legitimacy sought and the CSR communicated leads us to propose a deepening of legitimacy theory and CSR legitimation management tools
Moulin-Frier, Clement. "Rôle des relations perception-action dans la communication parlée et l'émergence des systèmes phonologiques : étude, modélisation computationnelle et simulations." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625453.
Full textGaucher, Quentin. "Rôle des inhibitions corticales dans la dynamique temporelle des réponses neuronales dans le cortex auditif aux signaux de communication acoustiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T099/document.
Full textOver the last 10 years, the neural code involved in the perception of acoustic communication signals has become a large area of researches. The recent literature suggests that the discrimination between these signals relies more on the temporal organization of neuronal discharges rather than on global changes of firing rate. My PhD thesis aimed at determining to what extent the regulation of cortical inhibition may (i) change the temporal patterns triggered by conspecific and heterospecific vocalizations and (ii) modify the information carried by these patterns on the vocalization identity. Neuronal activity was recorded in the auditory cortex of anesthetized guinea pigs in 16 cortical sites during presentation of a set of vocalizations, and a partial blockage of intra-cortical inhibition was performed by Gabazine application (4 minutes, 10μm). Under these conditions, evoked responses were stronger and the temporal patterns were reinforced. Mutual information quantified at each cortical site was increased but the information computed at the populationnal level did not change, an effect that could be explained by the fact that the redundancy between cortical sites was increased. We then assessed to which extent the noradrenergic modulation can mimic the effects of a partial blockage of inhibitions. Although all the tested drugs modulated both the evoked responses and the spike-timing reliability, none of the noradrenergic agonists used here (α1, α2 and ) induced significant changes in the information carried by neuronal responses. However, the effects induced by phenylephrine, an α1 agonist, seemed to involve an action on the intra-cortical inhibition, which suggests that a noradrenergic modulation of cortical inhibition can operate in the auditory cortex. It is therefore possible to envision that the coordinated action of several neuromodulatory systems modulates cortical inhibition and thus changes the information carried by cortical neurons on the stimuli identity
Ouba, Charbel. "Le rôle des chefs d’établissement scolaire catholique dans un milieu islamo-chrétien au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0022.
Full textTo study the educational system or pedagogy in Lebanon imposes a differentiation of what can be written in France, Canada or in other countries of the Western or eastern world. Lebanese society is indeed a pluralistic society on both political and religious levels. In Lebanon two great religions co-exist, Christianity and Islam. This coexistence within one country implies something different from the history of relations between the two great religions, two conceptions of man and two different cultures. One finds full expression in the Judeo-Christian civilization and the other in the Muslim civilization. Therefore, religious education is of major importance for Catholic schools in Lebanon that host non-Catholic students with a percentage of 40% and is managed by a majority of religious leaders (90%).Do the status of the head-teacher, whether religious or secular, his role, his leadership style and his educational missions, educational and missionary play a role and which one in motivating parents of Muslim students who enrol their children in Catholic schools in Lebanon?The specificity of this research is to characterize the roles and missions of the Catholic head-teacher in a Muslim-Christian environment and whether the leadership provided by a religious head-teacher differs from that provided by a layman for the different actors of the system. That is why we formulated the problem of our research as such: In a Muslim-Christian environment, what kind of school head allows the Catholic school in Lebanon to achieve its educational, pedagogical and missionary goals, with respect to the freedom of conscience of students and families?A field survey has been conducted through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with heads of Catholic, religious and laic schools, deputy heads, teachers, parents, Christians and Muslims, and Muslim students. Prospects for the future have been made regarding religious education and education to values provided in the ECL as well as the training and professionalization of future school heads as part of their recruitment
Weigert, Maxime. "Tourisme et intégration euro-méditerranéenne : quel rôle pour les firmes touristiques dans l'évolution du tourisme au Maghreb ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010676/document.
Full textThis doctoral research was conducted within the framework of an action research for the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Mediterranean World and is a contribution to Euro-Mediterranean regionalization studies. One of the particularities of North-South markets integration has to do with the role multinational companies play in the process as, spatial entity. Empirical studies on Asean Plus Three and Nafta processes demonstrate that the growth of regional trade has been aided by implementing integrated production systems that engage both Northern and Southern countries of the region. This retooling of regional production processes has been led by multinational firms seeking to benefit from comparative advantages and geographic proximity of less-developed neighboring countries. In so doing, they have fostered integration within the North-South production space. This thesis explores whether such a process can be emulated in the tourism sector, driven by leading multinational players, as has been the case in other conventional industrial sectors, at Euro-Maghreb scale. European tourism firms have played a dominant role in establishing the broad structures of the regional market while contributing to the diffusion of European economic norms to the South. Nevertheless, their ability to further develop integration faces obstacles such as shifting market demand determinants as seen in the ongoing evolution of tourist mobility and motivation, as well as issues related to business environment and regulatory framework particularly in this post-Arab Spring era
Gandemer, Lennie. "Son et posture : le rôle de la perception auditive spatiale dans le maintien de l'équilibre postural." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4749/document.
Full textPostural control is known to be the result of the integration by the central nervous system of several sensory modalities. In the literature, visual, proprioceptive, plantar touch and vestibular inputs are generally mentioned, and the role of audition is often neglected, even though sound is a rich and broad source of information on the whole surroundind 3D space. In the frame of this PhD, we focused on the specific role of sound on posture. The first part of this work is related to the design, the set-up and the perceptual evaluation of a fifth order ambisonics sound spatialization system. This system makes it possible to generate and move sound sources in the 3D space surrounding the listener and also to synthesize immersive and realistic sound environments. Then, this sound spatialization system was used as a tool to generate sound stimuli used in five different postural tests. In these tests, we studied the static upright stance of young and healthy subjects. The results of these studies show that the spatial auditory information can be integrated in the postural control system, allowing the subjects to reach a better stability.Two complementary trails are proposed to explain these stabilizing effects. Firstly, the spatial acoustic cues can contribute to the building of a mental representation of the surrounding environment; given this representation, the subjects could improve their stability. Secondly, we introduce multisensory integration phenomena: the auditory component could facilitate the integration of the other modalities implied in the postural control system
Gasc, Julien. "Développement de mesures cinétiques, électriques et acoustiques pour l'étude de réactions minéralogiques sous pression et température : applications à la micro-sismicite induite et au rôle de l'eau sur les cinétiques chimiques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112350.
Full textMetamorphic reactions are solid state transformations which affect rocks experiencing changing pressure and temperature conditions. First, we have used in situ electrical conductivity measurements as well as X-ray diffraction techniques to study the effect of water content on transport properties at the grain boundaries during high pressure experiments (1,8 GPa). We showed that the diffusivity is enhanced by many orders of magnitude by the addition of only 1 wt. % of water within the samples. Then we propose an Arrhenius law that allows calculating a diffusion coefficient as a function of both temperature and water activity. These results may have strong implications concerning geodynamical and petrological modelling of high pressure–low temperature metamorphic reactions. Secondly, we have studied many metamorphic reactions (including serpentinite dehydration) by coupling in situ X-ray diffraction and acoustic emissions monitoring techniques during multi-anvil experiments. The recording of thousands of acoustic emissions during the cold compression stage of our experiments allowed us to evidence brittle fracturing of the samples. On the other hand, no acoustic emissions were collected during dehydration reactions as proposed by former studies. We show here that the long viewed coupling between dehydration reactions, deformation and seismicity are not as straightforward as one could expect and require high differential stress levels
Stutzmann, Aurélien. "Synthèse de dérivés de la phénothiazine et étude de leur rôle d'inhibiteurs de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les Burkholderiaceae." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0628.
Full textIf antibiotic drugs improved the prognosis of infectious diseases, the appearance of antimicrobial resistance and deliberate genetic modifications could be followed by the worrying emergence of highly virulent pathogens resistant to usual antibiotics. Thus, Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) became a major problem to treat infections involving Gram negative bacteria. The overexpression of efflux mechanisms contributes to a great extent to antibiotic resistance and the inhibition of these mechanisms increasingly interest research areas.Phenothiazines are the most promising molecules of the 20th century. The presence of substituent in C-2 position on the tricyclic structure and the one of alkyl amino chain in N-10 position proved their critical activity as neuroleptic, antihistaminic and antihelmintic drugs. An anti-MDR activity has also been put into evidence against cancers and tuberculosis, but the mechanism by which molecules would inhibit efflux is not well known yet. Different phenothiazine derivatives have been synthesized in order to better understand this mechanism and to draw the physicochemical properties involved in Burkholderia pseudomallei. This Gram negative bacterium is responsible of melioidosis and classified as potential bioterrorism infectious agent. This bacterium is indeed extremely pathogenic and has a very low susceptibility to most classes of antibiotics. The activity of phenothiazine derivatives was evaluated using the Etest® method in Burkholderia thailandensis, the non-pathogenic study model
Leyssenne, Estelle. "Analyse de la phase d'excitation des décharges à barrière diélectriques (DBD) dans le xénon : rôle des états excités supérieurs." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2117/.
Full textDischarge dielectric barriers (DBD) in xenon at atmospheric pressure are popular because they have excellent performance and light emission intensity in a narrowband UV. They are more and more used in industry, in particular for deposition of materials, surface treatments, destruction of pollutants or decontamination. Previous works of our team concerned mono-filament discharge and helped to develop a kinetic scheme of Xe(6s) States, responsible for radiation UVL but the role of the upper states was unable to be explored. In this work, spectroscopic analysis concerns the radiation ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared, operating DBD under sinusoidal excitation and variable inter-electrode distance. The originality of this work lies in the experimental identification of sources of production of the Xe(6s) states and the ways of peuplement. We studied emission spectroscopy and temporal analysis of the luminescence of the most intense atomic transitions in the visible at 823 and 828 nm. We demonstrated the role of the states Xe(6p[1/2]0) and Xe(6p[3/2]2) during the initial phase of excitement. The decay of the Xe (6p) is too quick, we had to use selective excitation of xenon by multi-photon absorption. This better analysis of the decay of the Xe (6 p) states has allowed to obtain reaction constants and propose a kinetic scheme concerning these states Xe(6 p). A 0-D kinetic model completes the understanding of the main excitation mechanisms of dielectric barrier discharges
Stutzmann, Aurélien. "Synthèse de dérivés de la phénothiazine et étude de leur rôle d'inhibiteurs de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les Burkholderiaceae." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0628.
Full textIf antibiotic drugs improved the prognosis of infectious diseases, the appearance of antimicrobial resistance and deliberate genetic modifications could be followed by the worrying emergence of highly virulent pathogens resistant to usual antibiotics. Thus, Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) became a major problem to treat infections involving Gram negative bacteria. The overexpression of efflux mechanisms contributes to a great extent to antibiotic resistance and the inhibition of these mechanisms increasingly interest research areas.Phenothiazines are the most promising molecules of the 20th century. The presence of substituent in C-2 position on the tricyclic structure and the one of alkyl amino chain in N-10 position proved their critical activity as neuroleptic, antihistaminic and antihelmintic drugs. An anti-MDR activity has also been put into evidence against cancers and tuberculosis, but the mechanism by which molecules would inhibit efflux is not well known yet. Different phenothiazine derivatives have been synthesized in order to better understand this mechanism and to draw the physicochemical properties involved in Burkholderia pseudomallei. This Gram negative bacterium is responsible of melioidosis and classified as potential bioterrorism infectious agent. This bacterium is indeed extremely pathogenic and has a very low susceptibility to most classes of antibiotics. The activity of phenothiazine derivatives was evaluated using the Etest® method in Burkholderia thailandensis, the non-pathogenic study model
Cabaret, Olivier. "Caractérisation physique et approche numérique du rôle des aquitards dans les systèmes aquifères multicouches - Application au complexe tertiaire nord-aquitain." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626915.
Full textGarcia, Thomas. "Déterminants évolutionnistes de la socialité : le rôle de la formation de groupe." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018209.
Full textCoquio, Julien. "La performance adaptative des systèmes de transports collectifs.Modélisation, mesures de vulnérabilité et évaluation quantitative du rôle de l'information des voyageurs dans la régulation des situations perturbées." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372265.
Full textBerry, Vincent. "Les cadres de l'expérience virtuelle : Jouer, vivre, apprendre dans un monde numérique : analyse des pratiques ludiques, sociales et communautaires des joueurs de jeux de rôles en ligne massivement multi-joueurs : Dark Age of Camelot et World of Warcraft." Paris 13, 2009. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2009_berry.pdf.
Full textThis study analyzes the practice of French-speaking gamers of Dark Age of Camelot and World of Warcraft. Who are the players? What kind of game do they play? What meanings do they bring to their practices? Based on quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative data (interviews and observations), the first part describes the gamer population in terms of age, gender and social class. Being a man or a woman, a teenager or an adult, being employed, a student or unemployed, being a fan of fantasy or not, a multitude of variables structure the gamers’ practices. Secondly, the activity is analyzed with respect to game and leisure theories. Being spaces of confrontations and make believe, MMOs are also “carnavalesque” universes allowing a certain loosening of social control. The third part analyzes the place of the game within social, family, parental and romantic life. For some gamers, the MMO is practised with "friends" in a cybercafe, after school. For others, it is a solitary practice, at night, upon finishing a “difficult day at work”. In other instances, it is a practice played by a couple, weekends only. Against the postmodern thesis of cyberspace as a process of “derealisation” of the world, social networks are constructed in the game and also in "real life". These social networks are moment of "socialization by friction" and "social experiences" which have effects on the construction of knowledge and the way that the gamers think of the social world. This study therefore shows how, by proposing "careers", these "game worlds" are spaces of informal learning but also of transformation of video-play habitus and of new frame analysis
Larose-Filotas, Élise. "Structure et dynamique des communautés multi-espèces : le rôle de l’espace." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3161.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the role of space in the organization and dynamics of multi-species ecological communities. Two weaknesses can be identified from previous theoretical studies concerned with the spatial dimension of ecological communities: the scarcity of multi-species models based on a spatially explicit representation of space, and the lack of attention toward positive interspecific interactions, such as mutualism, despite the recognition of their ubiquity in ecological systems. This thesis explores this problematic by adopting a theoretical framework based on complex system theory and statistical mechanics. Following this approach, ecological communities can be viewed as complex systems whose global properties emerge from the local interactions between the organisms that composed them, and between the organisms and their environment. The first objective of this thesis is to develop a multi-species metacommunity model which is spatially explicit, individual-based, and centered on a general interspecific interaction web containing exploitation, competition as well as mutualism. In this model, local communities are created by an assembly process whereby species are drawn from a regional pool. Population growth is restricted by a carrying capacity and its dynamics is driven by simple reproduction and dispersal mechanisms acting at the level of single individual. These mechanisms depend on the biotic and abiotic conditions of the local communities and their effect varies with species, time and space. The second objective of this thesis is to determine the impact of an increasing spatial connectivity on the dynamics, and structural and functional properties of this metacommunity. More precisely, we set out to evaluate different community properties under changes in the level of species dispersal: i) the similarity in local community composition and its patterns of spatial correlations, ii) the local and regional diversity and the local species abundance, iii) the local and regional biomass, productivity and dynamical stability, and iv) the structure of the local interaction webs. These properties are examined under two spatial schemes. First, we employ a homogeneous environment, and second we employ a heterogeneous environment whereby the carrying capacity of local communities evolves along a gradient. In general, our results reveal that spatially distributed ecological communities are extremely sensitive to the modes and levels of species dispersal. Their spatiotemporal dynamics as well as their structural and functional properties can undergo profound changes in the form of significant transitions under slight changes of the level of dispersal. These changes are also highlighted by the emergence of spatiotemporal patterns in the spatial distribution of the populations, which are characteristics of phase transition generally observed in physical systems. The metacommunity presents two dynamical regimes. In the first regime, corresponding to weak levels of species dispersal, the assembly dynamics promotes the emergence of species-poor but stable communities made of abundant and strongly mutualistic species. The metacommunity has a high regional diversity since weakly connected communities conserve a distinct assemblage of species. On the other hand, in the second regime, corresponding to strong dispersal rates, regional diversity decreases at the benefit of an increase in local diversity. Local communities are more productive but their stability is reduced due to the important migration of individuals. This regime is also characterized by assemblages containing a richer diversity of interspecific interactions. These results suggest that an augmentation in the level of species dispersal permits organisms to couple local communities together which increases local coexistence and promotes the organization of richer and more complex ecological communities. Finally, our results suggest that mutualism is fundamental to the organization and persistence of ecological communities. Mutualistic species dominate in habitats characterized by a restricted carrying capacity and serve as ecological engineer by facilitating the establishment of competitors, predators and opportunists which benefit from their presence.