Dissertations / Theses: 'Multi-residential building'

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Leung, Chui-shan, and 梁翠珊. "The effectiveness of government's intervention on building management of multi-ownership residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008139.

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Shea, Ka-shuen, and 佘嘉璇. "A study of friendship building of the multi-handicapped in a residential setting." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31249930.

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Shea, Ka-shuen. "A study of friendship building of the multi-handicapped in a residential setting /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13991619.

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Rai, Roby. "Cooling multi-family residential units using natural ventilation in the Central U.S." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34565.

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Master of Science
Department of Architecture
Michael D. Gibson
The use of Natural Ventilation (NV) to cool buildings in mixed climates can conserve significant cooling energy. In mixed climates it is particularly important during the fall and the spring, where appropriately designed buildings should use very little energy for heating or cooling. Natural ventilation is also important in residential buildings, where internal heat gain can be managed, making cooling by natural ventilation easier. Earlier investigations have clearly shown the economic, social, and health benefits of the use of NV in built environment. Studies have shown that increased airflow or air-speed during ventilation can bring a significant rise in comfort range which further reduces the cooling energy required to maintain comfort. The climatic data of the central United States (U.S.) shows that the availability of frequent high speed wind and favorable seasonal humidity conditions make natural ventilation feasible in late spring and early fall, where NV can offset most of the cooling demand for a home or multifamily residential unit, though it is not possible to maintain thermal comfort during the entire summer with NV alone. In mixed climates, NV for multifamily residential units has not been investigated thoroughly. According to 2009 International Residential Code, multifamily residential buildings are typically designed to use a code minimum amount of operable or ventilating windows, 4% of the floor area being ventilated, while also using lightweight construction methods (such as wood framing) that is prone to fast thermal response during the overheated periods of the year. While climate may favor the use of NV in these building types, the sizing of windows and the building construction type limit the potential to save energy with NV. This study hypothesized that the maximum benefits from NV in the climate of the central U.S. requires further optimization of window openings beyond the energy code minimum, and a construction system incorporating mass that can slow thermal response during overheated periods. During the study, the climatic data of the central US was scrutinized to understand the most suitable time frames where NV could be applied in order to maintain indoor thermal comfort in various construction systems in residential buildings: mainly lightweight using wood framing, and heavier construction using concrete and masonry. The location of the housing unit, first level or second level, was also examined to account for the differences in thermal gains and losses as a result of ground coupling and additional heat gain from the roof. Further, computational fluid dynamics evaluated the comfort achieved with different ventilation areas. Change in comfort hours by using NV tested the practicability of the use of NV to maintain indoor thermal comfort for different scenarios. The study concluded with design recommendations for building orientation, operable window size, and construction type as these factors relate to thermal comfort and the optimization of multifamily residential buildings to utilize NV for energy savings in the U.S.

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Kawahara, Alberto. "Improving Residential In-building Energy Performance for Multi-operator and Multi-standard Radio Access in Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-249945.

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Good signal in indoor environments has always been one of the mobile operator’s main challenges. The situation gets even more complex when dealing with new energy-efficient buildings that insulate the heat inside the building but at the same time causes higher losses from the macro base stations. In this scenario, indoor solutions are required to overcome this problem. Nowadays, there are two main indoor solutions: Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and small cells. This thesis focuses on DAS solutions and investigates the power consumption difference between the two main architectures: Passive and Active/Hybrid DAS. The evaluation is made by measuring the power consumption of the active components and adding them to the already existing Base Station power consumptions models. Power consumption measurements were performed for four commercial bands: 900, 1800, 2100, 2600 MHz. Power consumption and system capacity trade-off between the passive and active DAS solutions is also presented. The capacity analysis is focused on LTE and applied to a real case study: Norra Tornen residential building. Final results show that up to 75% of the indoor power consumption can be saved when implementing an active DAS solution without affecting the service quality.
God inomhustäckning har alltid varit en av mobiloperatörens huvudutmaningar. Situationen blir ännu mer komplex med hänsyn tagen till nya energieffektiva byggnader som isolerar värmen inuti byggnaden men samtidigt medför högre förluster för makrobasstationerna. I detta scenario krävs inomhuslösningar för att lösa problemet. Numera finns det två huvudsakliga inomhuslösningar: Distribuerade antennsystem (DAS) och små celler. Denna avhandling fokuserar på DAS-lösningar och undersöker skillnader i effektförbrukning mellan de två huvudarkitekturerna: Passiv och Aktiv / Hybrid DAS. Utvärdering görs genom att mäta energikonsumtionen hos de aktiva komponenterna och lägga dem till de redan befintliga basstationernass modellerade effektförbrukning. Effektförbrukningsmätningar utfördes för fyra kommersiella band: 900, 1800, 2100, 2600 MHz. Effektförbrukning och jämförelser av kapacitet mellan passiva och aktiva DAS-lösningar presenteras också. Kapacitetsanalysen är inriktad på LTE och tillämpas på en realfallstudie: Norra Tornen en bostadsbyggnad i Stockholm. Slutliga resultat visar att upp till 75% av inomhusförbrukningen kan sparas när med en aktiv DAS-lösning utan att påverka servicekvaliteten.

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Oehme, Sabina. "Demand flexibility potential from heat pumps in multi-family residential buildings." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355135.

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The Swedish energy power system is in the middle of a paradigm shift where the increased share of intermittent energy sources place higher demand on the ability to regulate and balance the generation and consumption of electricity. Demand flexibility, which means that consumers can adjust their energy consumption, is a promising solution to manage the imbalance in the power system. Electric heat pumps in residential buildings are recognized to have potential to serve as a flexible load. In this thesis, an aggregated multi-family residential building model is developed to generate heat load profiles for a larger number of buildings which facilitate an assessment of the heat pump flexibility. The flexibility assessment is performed for a local distribution grid area with 174 buildings and an electricity price region in Sweden with 10 146 buildings with heat pumps. The flexibility assessment analyses the heat pump load deviation between a base load case and a case where the heat pumps receive an off-signal. The assessment takes into consideration seven flexibility parameters and is conducted for ambient temperatures between -20°C and 15°C. The thermal inertia of multi-family residential buildings facilitates a load shift with a duration of 4.4 to 9.8 hours depending on the ambient temperature. The maximal average power reduction for one hour of 10 MW in a distribution grid and 169 MW in an electricity price region illustrates the potential of using heat pumps as a demand flexibility solution in the electricity grid.

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Cenac-Morthe, Romain. "Heating energy consumption of a multi-storey municipal residential building : Measurement methodology analysis, modeling and optimization." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-44553.

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Energy issues in the building sector become more and more important nowadays. Although the technology improves, the energy consumption remains the same because of people’s way of living. To reduce the energy consumption, it is possible to improve the technical components that form the building envelope and to change people’s habits. This report aims at determining the best measurement methodology of the heating and hot water consumption of a building to insure real-time visualization and evaluating the energy savings that could be made by changing people habits. To do so, an existing measurement methodology is analyzed by making error calculations and computer-based modeling and simulations are carried out to determine the heating consumption of the building under different conditions. The program DesignBuilder is used to assess the energy consumption of the building. The study shows that a consequent reduction of the heating consumption is possible by only changing people’s habits. Real-time visualization would be really helpful but it needs very accurate measurements that are almost impossible if they are not integrated in the first stages of the building process.

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Sandalidi, Elisavet. "Building energy pre-design based on multi-criteria decision analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25368.

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The successful energy design of buildings requires that special attention be paid to the conceptual stage. However, it is a difficult task to find the most promising design alternatives satisfying several conflicting criteria. This thesis presents a simple multi-criteria decisions analysis method that could assist designers in green building design. Variables in the model include those alternatives that are common options when a residential building is to be constructed. The individual components that are considered are the building envelope, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, service water heating, power and lighting. The key actors, objectives and methodology of multi-criteria decisions analysis are presented and finally a case study for a residential building in Athens is performed. The criteria by which to evaluate each building component of the newly built construction were identified by the decision-makers. Subsequently, decision frameworks for the selection of roof, walls, windows, heating system, energy source for heating system, power source, lighting and service water heating system were built. The method is followed step-by-step to conclude on the optimal building components based on their score. Due to the equal scoring of the windows and an inapplicable combination of electric underfloor heating with air-to-water heat pump, the method is characterized by low accuracy. The fact that the building components have been treated individually sets the method as a basic one and indicates that a more complex one should be preferred when more trustworthy results are needed.

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Folstad, Marie. "Dynamics of energy and carbon emissions in residential building stocks : - The role of solutions for multi-family houses and apartment blocks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26834.

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Three building typologies are analyzed in this report, where the first one is apartment blocks built before 1956, the second one is apartment blocks built in the period 1956-1970, and the last typology is apartment blocks built in the period 1971-1980. A literature study of typical dwellings throughout time is completed and typical apartments from each of the time periods are defined. The model used to calculate the building’s energy need for space heating and domestic hot water is based on the TABULA methodology, but is constructed as an energy balance model that uses the principles of a material flow analysis. This model is used to calculate the energy need before and after renovation. For each time period two building states are analyzed; original building state and historical refurbished building state. This is done since a big part of the buildings built before 1980 have already gone through some sort of renovation, and the energy saving potential by implementing new energy efficiency measures to these partly refurbished buildings are smaller than the energy saving potential for the same building types in original state. A life cycle costing model that uses the principles of net present value is used to calculate the economical output of each renovation package analyzed in this Master Thesis. A scenario model, that uses inputs from the segmented building stock model (see chapter 3.3.1) and the energy model (see chapter 3.1), is used to estimate the future energy need for space heating and domestic hot water for the part of the Norwegian dwelling stock analyzed in this report.The energy reduction potential for improving a typical building constructed before 1956 from original state to TEK10 level is 68 % for space heating. Improving it further down to a passive house level gives a reduction potential of 81 %, which shows that these buildings have a major improvement potential. Only a minority (16%) of the apartment blocks from this period are however in original state, which means that a more realistic reduction potential is seen from historical refurbished state to TEK10- or passive house level. The reduction potential for a TEK10-refurbishment is then 46 % and 67 % for a passive house refurbishment. For the two other building typologies the general pattern is that the energy savings decrease as the quality of the building in original and historical refurbished state improves. Apartment blocks built between 1971 and 1980 have the lowest saving potential since the quality before new renovation is high. This also makes these building types less economical efficient for different renovation projects. General it is shown that almost all renovations are efficient for apartment blocks built before 1956 and between 1956-1970 in original state, as these building types have the highest energy use before renovation. However, improving the building envelope to TEK10 or passive house level, as well as installing air-to-air heat pumps as supplementary measures are seen profitable for all the building types analyzed over a period of 36 years. Installation of a balanced ventilation system is only estimated to be profitable for apartment blocks built before 1956 and between 1956-1970 in original state. However, when upgrading the building envelope to passive house level it is recommended to install a balanced ventilation system to ensure a satisfactory air quality (Thomsen & Berge, 2012). Since there is high willingness to pay for comfort it is anticipated that installation of a balanced ventilation system combined with a passive house envelope upgrade is realistic for all building types even though the net present value is up to 400 NOK/m2 BRA higher than for base case (no energy-related upgrades to the building).

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Skaran, Anja Myreng. "Dynamics of energy and carbon emissions in residential building stocks : The role of solutions for multi-family houses and apartment blocks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26840.

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A decrease in energy consumption is an important part of the effort to reduce fossil emissions. Buildings contribute to a considerable share of the energy consumption in Norway, mainly because of the cold climate and low energy prices. Building regulations today set low limits for maximum energy use for heating, but existing buildings have a higher potential for reductions, as the maximum energy limit has changed over the years. This report covers possible strategies for reducing energy demand in a specific part of the Norwegian building stock: Apartment blocks constructed between 1981 and 2010. Earlier projects have also evaluated the energy reduction potentials in the Norwegian dwelling stock. However, this has mostly been done on an aggregated level, and as buildings vary greatly in size, location, and age, the same recommendations cannot be expected to apply to all buildings. The effects of rehabilitations and demolitions on the building stock are often simplified to linear behaviour, but this is not accurate.Calculations were carried out on defined standardised buildings in a climatic zone represented by Oslo. First, an energy balance was established for evaluating the energy consumption of the various buildings, both in their original state, and subject to various combinations of rehabilitations to heating system, insulation, and ventilation. Then, heating-related costs were calculated in order to find the options with the lowest net present value, based on an investment horizon of 36 years. Based on these results, possible scenarios for energy use and CO_2 emissions were calculated for the years 2014-2050, based on the average building being rehabilitated after 40 years.In line with other studies, the energy consumption in the original buildings were found to be low, and close to the current TEK 10 regulation, which must be followed if major rehabilitations are conducted. Hardly any rehabilitations were found to be profitable with the costs of today, and a doubling of the electricity costs affected the outcome to a small degree only. In most cases, the best option is to change as little as possible, although replacements of windows and doors were profitable for the oldest buildings. Using electric radiators for all room heating is the most common heating system today, but this is not in line with the TEK 10 standard. If the heating system is to be changed, air-air heat pumps are the best alternative. However, the savings from these depend highly on climate conditions. Fuel oil heaters are the least profitable option, and these should be removed, as is mandatory soon anyway.Demolitions alone result in a 15 % energy reduction within 2050, close to the scenario based on lowest possible costs at 21 %. The low emissions case results in a 50 % reduction, while rehabilitations to zero energy buildings would reduce the energy by 72 %. No official reduction target is presently set for Norway, although a 50 % energy reduction between 2010 and 2040 has been expressed in a report for the former Government. This target is only possible to reach with zero energy upgrades. Emissions follow similar paths as the energy when Norwegian electricity mix is used as a basis. However, definitions on electricity mix and related emissions affect the results more than the chosen energy rehabilitations when estimating total emissions.

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Doshi, Pratik. "Holistic Building Technology Selection for Sustainability: A Market Analysis and Multi-Attribute Decision Making Approach for Residential Water Heaters in U.S." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56600.

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Water heating in the United States has the largest energy consumption of any residential related use. It uses more energy than all other home appliances combined. They have also been implicated as the source of waterborne disease outbreaks. With such high stakes, it is recommended that a Decision Support Tool (DST) be used prior to selection of a water heater for new construction or replacement. Although there are numerous tools available, it is challenging to find a tool that takes into account all factors critical to the selection of water heaters, addresses gaps and barriers, provides adequate information to all stakeholders and finally, assists in rational decision making towards more sustainable choices. The purpose of this research is threefold: (a) to inventory, organize and characterize web-based existing water heater Decision Support Tools (eDSTs) to highlight gaps and/or shortcomings; (b) to develop a Decision Support Tool Skeleton (DSTS) containing a comprehensive list of sustainability capital, criteria and indicators based on Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approach; (c) to create a stakeholder map comprising supply chain, stakeholder system, decision making process during water heater selections as well as other market factors, using metasynthesis of collected documents. The findings of this research indicate that considerable gaps and shortcomings exist in the current pool of water heater DSTs. To address these barriers, information was captured from various documents in a process of qualitative data analysis called coding. The coding process generated attributes which were used to generate a comprehensive set of capital, criteria, subcriteria and indicators using MADM approach. This organizing structure developed on lines of sustainability assessment will serve as a starting point towards achieving global sustainability in real life. Importantly, information asymmetry between various stakeholders is evidence of the fact that the existing tools are not addressed in an equitable manner. This study will help determine the stakeholder system and the decision making process for selection of water heaters in the residential sector, so as to effectively implement new tools being created.
Master of Science

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Чернявський, І. М. "Будівництво багатоповерхового житлового будинку з офісними приміщеннями по вул. Івана Мазепи в м. Чернігові." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25325.

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Чернявський, І. М. Будівництво багатоповерхового житлового будинку з офісними приміщеннями по вул. Івана Мазепи в м. Чернігові : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 192 «Будівництво та цивільна інженерія» / І. М. Чернявський ; керівник роботи М. М. Корзаченков ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра технологій зварювання та будівництва . – Чернігів, 2021. – 109 с.
Проект розроблений на підставі містобудівних умов і обмежень забудови земельної ділянки від 03.12.2019 №02-01/176, затверджених рішенням Чернігівського міськвиконкому від 03.12.2019 №503, згідно з технічними умовами відповідних міських служб, завданням на проектування, відповідно до норм і правил будівельного проектування. Проектування здійснюється у дві стадії – проект (П), робоча документація (Р). Проектом передбачено будівництво багатоповерхового житлового будинку на орендованій земельній ділянці по вул. І.Мазепи, між будинками 23 та 25 в м. Чернігові. В житловому будинку згідно з розрахунком (див. відповідний розділ) передбачено проживання 147 мешканців.
The project is developed on the basis of town-planning conditions and restrictions of building of the land plot from 03.12.2019 -0102-01 / 176, approved by the decision of the Chernihiv City Executive Committee from 03.12.2019 №503, according to technical conditions of the corresponding city services, design task according to norms and rules construction design. Design is carried out in two stages - the project (P), working documentation (P). The project provides for the construction of a multi-storey residential building on a leased land plot on the street. I. Mazepa, between houses 23 and 25 in Chernihiv. According to the calculation (see the relevant section), 147 residents are expected to live in the residential building.

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Di, Carlo Alessia. "Building emissions in the pre-use phase: the case study of a multi-story residential building in Tampere Emissioni di edifici nella fase pre-uso: il caso studio di un edificio residenziale multipiano a Tampere." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23838/.

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A causa del largo utilizzo di acciaio e calcestruzzo per la costruzione degli edifici, il settore delle costruzioni è responsabile di un terzo delle emissioni globali di gas serra in atmosfera. Il presente lavoro di tesi mira a valutare le emissioni di anidride carbonica dovute alla costruzione di un edificio con materiali convenzionali e a confrontarle con le emissioni dello stesso edificio se fosse in legno laminato: in particolare vengono analizzati tre principali scenari: nel primo si analizza l’edificio costruito con materiali convenzionali, nel secondo vengono sostituiti da materiali convenzionali sostenibili, nel terzo viene eliminato il calcestruzzo e al suo posto vengono inseriti pannelli di legno laminato. Viene utilizzato il software One Click LCA prodotto dalla Bionova, che, valutando le fasi di estrazioni di materie prime, lavorazione, produzione, trasporto e messa in opera, permette di quantificare l’anidride carbonica immessa in atmosfera in seguito a tali processi. Dai risultati emerge un netto miglioramento sin dal secondo scenario in cui le emissioni si riducono del 47%, al terzo scenario dove si abbassano del 75% rispetto al valore iniziale: per questo motivo, un’analisi LCA dovrebbe essere sempre effettuata durante la progettazione di un edificio.

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Размахова, Анастасія Артемівна, and Anastasiya Razmahova. "Дослідження фундаменту сімнацятиповерхового житлового будинку в м.Львові." Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2017. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19464.

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У магістерській роботі розроблено проектно-технологічну документацію для будівництва сімнадцятиповерхового житлового будинку з дослідженням фундаментів, залізобетонних лементів будівлі та теплотехнічним розрахунком багатошарових утеплених стін і покриття. Проведено техніко-економічне обґрунтування будівництва. Запропоновано заходи з техніки безпеки на будівельному майданчику
The design and technological documentation for the construction of residential building with seventeen floors is developed in the master’s paper. The research of foundations, reinforced concrete building elements and thermo calculation of multilayer insulated walls and roof is carried out. The economic efficiency of the project is substantiated. The safety measures at the construction site are proposed.

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Merenus, Vojtěch. "Polyfunkční dům v Čáslavi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226370.

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The purpose of the diploma thesis is to design a multi-functional bulding, which fill an empty space on the corner of two streets near the historical city centre of Čáslav. This building has mainly a residential function. Basement will be used for parking and as a place for technical room. Commercial use is forseen for the first floor. Other floors will be set by 18 flats. The main goal is to solve a disposition for given purpose, to choose a right type of structure and work up chosen part of project documentation for building permission. Blueprints will be made in a proper CAD program.

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Gamalath, Isuru Madhushan. "Energy performance assessment for existing multi unit residential buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61942.

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Climate change is a major challenge in today’s world. Energy use is directly correlated to greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in climate change. As the residential sector is a major energy consumer, improving the energy performance of the residential building stock is imperative in mitigating this issue. Evaluation of building energy performance, life cycle impacts, and economic burdens of building energy use can facilitate improved decision making in operations of existing building stock. Hence, as the primary objective of this study, a life cycle thinking-based energy assessment tool was developed for multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs). A comprehensive review of popular building energy rating systems revealed the need to incorporate life cycle thinking in evaluating building energy performance. Further, based on a comprehensive review it was identified that current rating systems do not consider the uncertainty and vagueness associated with data used for performance assessments. Most of the existing energy rating systems focus only on energy consumption when assigning the rating. Energy rating systems rarely consider the factors affecting energy use and the impacts of energy use in assigning their score/rating for the building. An assessment tool with indicators representing the impacts of energy use and factors affecting operational energy use of buildings was developed to address the identified issues. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain expert views on the proposed assessment tool from professionals associated with MURBs. MURB owners, managers, designers, engineers, researchers, and government and other external stakeholders were the target audience of this survey. Feedback from this survey was used to refine the proposed tool and determine weights for indicators. In the proposed method, fuzzy set theory was used to consider the uncertainties and vagueness associated with qualitative and quantitative assessments of the identified indicator data. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation was used to aggregate the indicator value. The proposed approach extends the current body of knowledge on building energy ratings by integrating asset performance and operational performance through lifecycle thinking. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the application of the energy assessment tool. A java-based web tool was developed to assist the proposed assessment process.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate

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Zhu, Panyu [Verfasser], and M. Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Fisch. "Energy Efficient Multi-story Residential Buildings in China / Panyu Zhu ; Betreuer: M. Norbert Fisch." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1175821632/34.

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Stephan, André. "Towards a comprehensive energy assessment of residential buildings: a multi-scale life cycle energy analysis framework." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209465.

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Buildings are directly responsible for 40% of the final energy use in most developed economies and for much more if indirect requirements are considered. This results in huge impacts which affect the environmental balance of our planet.

However, most current building energy assessments focus solely on operational energy overlooking other energy uses such as embodied and transport energy. Embodied energy comprises the energy requirements for building materials production, construction and replacement. Transport energy represents the amount of energy required for the mobility of building users.

Decisions based on partial assessments might result in an increased energy demand during other life cycle stages or at different scales of the built environment. Recent studies have shown that embodied and transport energy demands often account for more than half of the total lifecycle energy demand of residential buildings. Current assessment tools and policies therefore overlook more than 50% of the life cycle energy use.

This thesis presents a comprehensive life cycle energy analysis framework for residential buildings. This framework takes into account energy requirements at the building scale, i.e. the embodied and operational energy demands, and at the city scale, i.e. the embodied energy of nearby infrastructures and the transport energy of its users. This framework is implemented through the development, verification and validation of an advanced software tool which allows the rapid analysis of the life cycle energy demand of residential buildings and districts. Two case studies, located in Brussels, Belgium and Melbourne, Australia, are used to investigate the potential of the developed framework.

Results show that each of the embodied, operational and transport energy requirements represent a significant share of the total energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions of a residential building, over its useful life. The use of the developed tool will allow building designers, town planners and policy makers to reduce the energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions of residential buildings by selecting measures that result in overall savings. This will ultimately contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the built environment.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Lopez, Behar Diana. "Installation of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in multi-unit residential buildings in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63813.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) contribute to the mitigation of climate change through reduced greenhouse gas emissions, when powering with sustainable sources of electricity. The province of British Columbia (BC) is an attractive location for EV deployment since most of its electricity is sourced from clean renewable energy sources. Due to their driving range and potential to reduce local emissions, EVs work well in urban contexts, where most residential buildings are located. As a result, residents from Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs) are among those interested in becoming EV owners, thus requiring access to charging infrastructure, especially overnight home charging, which is the preferred charging alternative. However, most residential buildings are not equipped with charging infrastructure and its installation can have numerous challenges that can turn into barriers. This thesis explores the implications, challenges and decision-making processes of EV charging infrastructure installation in MURBs to identify present and future barriers to infrastructure provision, as well as potential policy-driven interventions to address them. The methods used to conduct the research study include the utilization of conceptual frameworks and the application of systems thinking principles to map the interrelation and causalities of the problem domains as causal loop diagrams. A review of the literature identified the key problem domains. Policy recommendations were then classified based on each problem domain. First, financial or fiscal policy measures include creating incentives for EV owners and extending them to the building owners, as well as programs to incentivize and provide financial aid for building owners to develop building retrofit plans. Second, regulatory policy measures include revising the regulations and addressing the rights and obligations of the stakeholders, as well as making mandatory the installation of charging stations in new MURBs. Third, information and awareness policy measures include expanding the existing guidelines and informing the development of a long-term EV charging infrastructure plan. These policy recommendations are relevant to different stakeholders as they have the potential to inform the decisions and policy programs of the municipal and provincial government of BC, as well as other governmental and non-governmental agencies and associations.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Elaiab, Fatima M. "Thermal comfort investigation of multi-storey residential buildings in Mediterranean climate with reference to Darnah, Libya." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14201/.

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The main aim of this research is to investigate occupants’ thermal comfort and energy performance of multi-storey residential buildings in one of the major cities in Libya (Darnah). The work was implemented in stages as follows: 1. Gathering and analysing real weather data from a number of locations in Libya. 2. Gathering and analysing building data from residential multi-storey blocks in Darnah. 3. Conducting preliminary computer analyses using the above information to get a better idea about thermal conditions inside multi-storey block flats in Darnah. 4. Visiting Darnah and collecting real data using specifically designed survey or questionnaire forms to understand and assess how people feel while living inside their flats. 5. Analysing the computer results and field data and trying to come up with solutions to improve existing multi-storey blocks in terms of indoor climate and energy consumption and introducing guidelines for designers of new buildings in Libya. The subjective data was collected and tabulated by using a questionnaire, which has been widely used and shown to be effective, to determine people's responds through questions modified especially for the comfort purpose. Questionnaires were collected from households of 12 buildings: involving a total of 337 flats. The questionnaires compare the significance of the thermal sensation, the thermal comfort, and the building design. The results show that the thermal comfort is not satisfied, unless modified, and improving take place in these case study buildings. Thus a modification is proposed, the results from the present study show also that the insulation material is essential in this type of climate and can help to reduce up to 63% of heat gain and a reduction of 6 degrees of indoor temperature. Results also indicate that the construction of residential dwellings using existing materials is less conducive to the climatic conditions of hot dry climates and not suitable for the occupants’ requirements of comfort. Human thermal comfort was assessed using the adaptive model, to show that the climate and building’s envelope have a significant impact on human comfort perception and indoor environment. This research is mainly aimed at "explaining" the trends in the energy flows within buildings under the climatic conditions of Mediterranean zones and to establish a comfort zone for occupants within this type of climate. The results should help in the formulation of design guidelines for use in the process of building design by builders, architects and engineers. Also this research is in line with the Libyan’s government aim to make better use of renewable energy sources such as the sun for keeping buildings comfortable for their occupants.

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Miška, Tomáš. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226579.

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The aim of the master’s work is elaborated complex project documentation for new multi-purpose house in Staré Město pod Sněžníkem. The building combines retail stores with space for housing. Custom text labor is completed by annexes, which consists of drawing documentation, building alternative solutions, static calculations, fire safety and technology of the building. The subject of specialization is solving the water supply and assessment of reinforced concrete girder. The project is designed by using Allplan 2009, Scia Engineer 2009, Stavební fyzika and MS Office 2009 and is engaged in the design, construction and technical layout solution with respect to architectural page and possible savings operation of the buildings in relation to sustainable construction.

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Li, Jun, and 李駿. "A decision tool for selecting low-carbon refurbishment solutions for multi-storey residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208002.

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The pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become increasingly obvious due to the need to alleviate the impact of climate change. As the second largest GHG emitter in the world, the building sector should play an active role in reducing GHG emissions. Particular attention should be directed to existing buildings not only because of the amount of emissions caused by inefficient buildings but also due to the existence of a variety of sustainable refurbishment solutions for different levels and stages of building refurbishment. The emission reduction performance of different sustainable refurbishment options may vary enormously as a result of different building design conditions. With the majority of residential properties being high-rise buildings, the most suitable sustainable refurbishment options for a sub-tropical city like Hong Kong are yet to be fully investigated. The opportunity to reduce emission may not be high without a tool to help the owners, occupants and consultants to assess the emission of different refurbishment solutions for multi-storey residential building. The aim of this research has been to develop a systematic decision tool to identify suitable sustainable refurbishment solutions for multi-story residential buildings in subtropical regions like Hong Kong and to calculate the CO2emission reductions of these solutions. The research began with a comprehensive literature review of the existing sustainable refurbishment approaches. The results of this literature review formed the basis for a preliminary screening according to local climate and buildings features. Interviews with experts and questionnaire surveys with residents were carried out in order to confirm the applicability of the proposed approaches. Then, based on a case study, this research established a set of methods, through literature review and energy simulation, to calculate the CO2 emission reductions achievable by sustainable refurbishment. With the setup of criteria for identifying applicable refurbishment solutions, method of calculation of CO2 emission reductions and parameter input/output and user interface design, a decision tool was developed for sustainable refurbishment. Finally, a series of interviews was conducted to validate the major research outcomes. In this study, a residential building is divided into two zones, the common area and those occupied by owners/tenants. This study further identifies possible sustainable refurbishment solutions for each area, which can provide stakeholders with a variety of options for launching sustainable refurbishment projects. Moreover, a theoretical framework for emission assessment, consisting of system boundary and calculation methods, is also proposed in this study, which can provide better calculation of emission reductions as a result of various sustainable refurbishment solutions. The most significant outcome of this project is a decision tool which can generate a set of sustainable refurbishment solutions and calculate CO2 emission reductions according to the architectural features input by users. With the function of identifying the approaches for reducing CO2emission, owners and occupants of existing residential buildings can minimize the CO2emissions of their properties through refurbishing some of the building components in a sustainable manner.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Jonsson, Leo. "Energy Audit of the multi- residential buildings at “Sicklaön 124:2” : Calculation of energy- and cost saving measures." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17378.

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Kerr, Niall John. "The rationale for retrofit : a multi-level, interdisciplinary perspective on the energy efficient retrofit of existing residential buildings." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22049/.

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The research in this thesis ultimately emanates from the international efforts to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic climate change. The unprecedented international effort to transition societies to a low carbon future will have wide ranging political, social and economic consequences. The nature of the modern, complex, joined-up world entails that changes in any particular domain will have consequences that are wide-ranging, and often intangible. This thesis entails three distinct empirical pieces of research in relation to a key facet of many national climate mitigation efforts, namely the energy efficient retrofit of existing residential buildings. It develops a multi-level, interdisciplinary perspective that incorporates three different views on the rationale for retrofit. At the macro, government level the research considers the multiple benefit framing of energy efficiency in relation to the rationale for retrofit policy. Using the multiple streams theory of policy formation, descriptions of retrofit policy rationale in 4 national contexts are developed with the implications of potentially varying policy rationales considered. At the household level retrofit routinely takes place alongside general home renovations in a process that is connected to a wide variety of influences and background conditions. The micro-level research uses Q-methodology to develop holistic narratives of the home renovation process that provide a more heterogeneous understanding of households that have the potential to retrofit. A third article then combines the macro and micro-levels to consider the comparative economic rationale for government and households to invest in retrofit, considering the distributional properties that are a feature of many climate policy interventions. Finally, the thesis develops an integrated, interdisciplinary viewpoint by considering the political, social and economic perspectives on the rationale for home energy retrofit in conjunction.

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Catalina, Tiberiu. "Estimation of residential buildings energy consumptions and analysis of renewable energy systems using a multi-criteria decision methodology." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0058/these.pdf.

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L'Union européenne (UE) a établi la prospective politique pour atteindre ses objectifs énergétiques fondamentaux pour le développent durable, la compétitivité et la sécurité énergétique, en réduisant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre par le biais d'une augmentation de la part des énergies renouvelables dans la consommation d'énergie et par l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique. Les principales questions sur l'utilisation à grande échelle des EnR sont liées au dimensionnement des systèmes, le choix parmi une grande variété de solutions vis-à-vis de plusieurs critères, et enfin le contrôle de ces sources. Dans un proche avenir, de plus en plus les EnR vont cohabiter avec les sources d'énergie fossiles et la recherche doit être orientée vers des solutions qui sont efficaces du point de vue énergétique, économiquement viable et respectueuses de l'environnement. Dans cette thèse, les travaux de recherche établissent une démarche en vue de proposer des solutions qui pourraient être les réponses aux deux premières problématiques que sont le dimensionnement mais surtout la seconde, qui est le choix des systèmes énergétiques les mieux adaptés par rapport a un nombre donné de critères. La première partie de la thèse traite des questions liées à l'estimation des besoins pour le chauffage, l'eau chaude sanitaire et l'énergie électrique. Cette estimation a été abordée par le développement de modèles polynomiaux de régression. La deuxième partie de la thèse examine les techniques de modélisation des systèmes afin d'obtenir les profils de l'approvisionnement en énergie renouvelable : ces quantités d'énergie de l'offre sont nécessaires dans d'analyse décisionnelle. Dans la troisième partie, une méthode d'aide à la décision multicritères (ELECTRE III) est décrite, puis appliquée à un exemple. La technique consiste à utiliser les règles obtenues à partir des modèles précédents et à réaliser un classement de solutions possibles envisagées. L'analyse multicritères fournit ainsi une technique intéressante d'aide dans le processus de décision et est capable de justifier les choix et de surclasser les alternatives dans le secteur des énergies renouvelables. Enfin, les théories, les algorithmes et les modèles qui ont été décrits dans ce travail ont été intégrées dans un outil d'aide à la décision que nous avons développé visant spécifiquement l'intégration des technologies à énergie renouvelable par une analyse multicritères et de faire rapidement des études paramétriques sur les consommations d'énergie des bâtiments. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse une analyse complète d'une étude de cas (maison Mozart) est réalisée avec la mise en application des méthodes proposées
European Union (EU) has agreed a forward-looking political agenda to achieve its core energy objectives of sustainability, competitiveness and security of supply, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions through an increase of the share of renewable in the energy consumption and by improving energy efficiency. The main issues of renewable energy sources large scale use are related to the sizing of the systems, the choice among a large variety of alternatives face to a certain number of criteria, and finally the control of these sources. In the near future, more and more the RES will cohabit with fossil energy source systems and research has to be pointed towards solutions that are energy efficiently, economical viable and environmental friendly. In this thesis, the research work is focus on finding and proposing solutions that could be the answers for the first two main issues presented previous, especially on the second issue which is the choice of systems face to several criteria. The first part treats the issues related to the heating, domestic hot water and electricity energy demand assessment, from the estimation to the impact factors. At this level it is described a new methodology developed to estimate the heating demand of residential buildings in temperate climate by using polynomial regression models obtained from a database of values from dynamic simulations. The second part examines the modeling techniques to obtain the renewable energy supply profiles which are further used in the multicriteria decision analysis. In the third part, a multicriteria decision support methodology concept is de-scribed (ELECTRE III) and then applied for an example. The decision support algorithm has its bases on the developed models and realizes the outranking of the possible. Finally, the theories, algorithms and models that have described in the thesis have been encapsulated in the development of a decision support-tool specifically aimed to aid strategic decisions regarding renewable technology integration and making quick parametric studies on the building energy consumptions. In the last part of the thesis a complete analysis of a study case (Mozart dwelling) is realized with application of the proposed methodologies

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Darle, Maria, Saga Lindqvist, and Bezawit Tsegai. "The climate impact of different building systems : A study regarding materials in residential buildings and their environmental impact." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390024.

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This report was done on behalf of Uppsala municipality with the aim to investigate how much the CO2-equivalent emissions differ between different building systems during the construction phase, considering the different choice of material used in the frames. Several multi-family houses with different building systems were therefore studied and compared by using previous LCA from collected climate reports regarding each construction project. Different scenarios of the residential development in Uppsala until year 2050, including multi- and single-family houses, were further on brought forward. The impact that the choice of material had on the climate was then studied by comparing the scenarios with the climate goals set up by Uppsala municipality regarding the construction sector. This was discussed in order to investigate whether Uppsala municipality would reach the climate goals or not. The conclusion of the study is that the building systems with wooden frames in general release less CO2-equivalent emissions than the ones with concrete frames. One of the reasons for this is that the production of the materials has different amounts of waste and the fact that concrete consists of cement, which causes a lot of emissions during the production of the material. Another part of the report was to investigate if climate improved concrete could decrease the CO2-equivalent emissions from building systems with concrete frames. This was done by doing a case-study, where parts of the concrete frame for one of the building systems were replaced, which resulted in a small decrease of the emissions. It is however, in a larger perspective, important to reduce the emissions as much as possible and there is still room to continue the improvement of concrete.

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Abu, Qadourah Jenan [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Nytsch-Geusen, Christoph [Gutachter] Nytsch-Geusen, and Christoph [Gutachter] Gengnagel. "Architectural integration of photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies in multi-family residential buildings in the Mediterranean area / Jenan Abu Qadourah ; Gutachter: Christoph Nytsch-Geusen, Christoph Gengnagel ; Betreuer: Christoph Nytsch-Geusen." Berlin : Universität der Künste Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215340222/34.

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Lu, Yao [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Auer, and Werner [Gutachter] Lang. "Guidelines for Façade Refurbishment of 1980s Multi-storey Masonry Residential Buildings in the Cold Region of China: Addressing Energy Efficiency and Environmental Quality / Yao Lu ; Gutachter: Thomas Auer, Werner Lang ; Betreuer: Thomas Auer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138359769/34.

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Larsson, Emelie, and Anton Lydell. "Livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys av nyckelfärdiga flerbostadshus : En jämförelse mellan betong- och träkonstruktion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150099.

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I Sverige står bostadssektorn för mer än en tredjedel av landets energianvändning. Byggnader måste minska sin energianvändning för att således kunna uppfylla framtida lagkrav om maximal tillåten energianvändning, men också för att minska påverkan till global uppvärmning. Ytterligare en problematik som råder, däribland i Sverige, är bostadsbrist. Kommunala bostadsbolag står inför utmaningen att kunna bygga bostäder snabbt, billigt och miljövänligt för att minska bostadsbristen i landet. Ett sätt att studera två av tre hållbarhetsaspekter vid val av framtida bostadsbyggande är att utföra en livscykelanalys (LCA) och livscykelkostnadsanalys (LCC) kring de tilltänkta husen. LCA:er indikerar vilken miljöpåverkan en produkt förorsakar under dess livslängd. LCC:er avser att studera vilka kostnader produkter ger upphov till under en given analysperiod. Det svenska kommunala bostadsbolaget Stångåstaden AB står inför utmaningen kring bostadsbrist och vill bygga hållbara bostäder. Bostadsbolaget har önskat en jämförande LCA och LCC av två verkliga flerbostadshus som de genom ramavtal kan upphandla, detta är utgångspunkten för denna studie. Den ena byggnaden har stomme av betong, den andra har stomme av trä. Husen är tänkta att placeras i utkanten av Linköping, Sverige. Studien har valt att analysera miljöpåverkan från husens olika livscykelfaser samt kostnader över analysperioden 50 år. Utöver detta studeras även vilka energieffektiviseringsåtgärder (EEÅ) till byggnaderna som är optimala att genomföra för att öka den termiska prestandan hos huskonstruktionerna. Från litteraturen finns det relativt få studier som kombinerar både LCA och LCC för vanligt förekommande hustyper i städer. I dess standardfall påvisade resultatet från LCA:n att huset med betongkonstruktion hade något lägre påverkan i sex av sju studerade miljöpåverkanskategorier, jämfört med flerbostadshuset i trä. Resultatet skilde sig lite åt då annan typ av indata användes. Vad gäller kostnader under husens livslängd var huset i trä ungefär 20 % dyrare jämfört med huset med betongkonstruktion. Trots annan typ av indata var träkonstruktionen dyrare än betongkonstruktionen. Med en kalkylränta på 7,5 % var det inte lönsamt att genomföra EEÅ för husen, med halverad kalkylränta blev det dock lönsamt att tilläggsisolera krypgrunden i huset med trästomme. Fler studier behöver utföras för att generalla slutsatser ska kunna dras kring vilket konstruktionsmaterial som är mest hållbart. Denna studie baseras på två specifika fall. Samma resultat kan eventuellt inte förväntas för andra byggnader med stomme i betong och trä.
The residential sector accounts for more than a third of the energy use in Sweden. To reduce the energy use of buildings is a necessity in order to meet future regulationof maximum allowable energy, but also important to reduce the impact on global warming. Another complexity arising in Sweden is the shortage of accommodation. Municipal housing corporations face the challenge of constructing residences fast, cheap and with concern of environmental effects in order to reduce the shortage of accommodation. One way of assessing two of the three aspects of sustainability when looking at future construction of residential buildings is to carry out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and a Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA). An LCA can indicate what kind of environmental impact a product causes over its lifetime and the LCC allows for assessing what types of costs are associated with the product. For the municipal housing corporation Stångåstaden AB the shortage of accommodation is a reality and their mindset is sustainable construction of residences. This study was conducted upon request from Stångåstaden who wanted a comparative LCA and LCCA between two prefabricated multi-residential buildings that are available to them through a framework agreement. The first building has a concrete foundation and the second one is made of wood. The houses are planned to be placed at the outskirts of Linköping, Sweden. The focus of this study has been to comparatively assess the environmental impact from the different life cycle phases and the economic costs of the two buildings during a time period of 50 years. Moreover, the thesis also analyze the optimal retrofit strategy for the buildings in order to find the optimal (lowest) life cycle cost. Furthermore, the current literature has conveyed relatively few studies that combine both LCA and LCC methodology for house types that are common in most towns. The result from the LCA indicated that the house with concrete construction had a little less impact in six of the seven studied environmental impact categories compared to the house made of wood. The result differed slightly when the input data were changed. Regarding the LCCA the house made of wood was roughly 20 % more expensive than its concrete counterpart. Changing the input data revealed no difference in the result. With an interest rate of 7,5 % no retrofits were profitable for either building, however reducing the interest rate to half its original value made it cost optimal to increase the floor insulation for the house made of wood. More studies should be conducted to be able to draw general conclusions regarding which construction material that is the most sustainable. This thesis is based on two specific and real cases. The same result could possibly not be expected from other studies comparing buildings with concrete and wood construction.

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(11185884), Sang Woo Ham. "Energy Analytics for Eco-feedback Design in Multi-family Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2021.

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The residential sector is responsible for approximately 21% of the total energy use in the U.S. As a result, there have been various programs and studies aiming to reduce energy consumption and utility burden on individual households. Among various energy efficiency strategies, behavior-based approaches have received considerable attention because they significantly affect operational energy consumption without requiring building upgrades. For example, up to 30% of heating and cooling energy savings can be achieved by having an efficient temperature setpoint schedule. Such approaches can be particularly beneficial for multi-family residential buildings because 88% of their residents are renters paying their own utility bills without being allowed to upgrade their housing unit.

In this context, eco-feedback has emerged as an approach to motivate residents to reduce energy use by providing information (feedback) on human behavior and environmental impact. This research has gained significant attention with the development of new smart home technology such as smart thermostats and home energy management systems. Research on the design of effective eco-feedback focuses on how to motivate residents to change their behavior by identifying and notifying implementable actions in a timely manner via energy analytics such as energy prediction models, energy disaggregation, etc.

However, unit-level energy analytics pose significant challenges in multi-family residential buildings tasks due to the inter-unit heat transfer, unobserved variables (e.g., infiltration, human body heat gain, etc.), and limited data availability from the existing infrastructure (i.e., smart thermostats and smart meters). Furthermore, real-time model inference can facilitate up-to-date eco-feedback without a whole year of data to train models. To tackle the aforementioned challenges, three new modeling approaches for energy analytics have been proposed in this Thesis is developed based on the data collected from WiFi-enabled smart thermostats and power meters in a multi-family residential building in IN, U.S.

First, this Thesis presents a unit-level data-driven modeling approach to normalize heating and cooling (HC) energy usage in multi-family residential buildings. The proposed modeling approach provides normalized groups of units that have similar building characteristics to provide the relative evaluation of energy-related behaviors. The physics-informed approach begins from a heat balance equation to derive a linear regression model, and a Bayesian mixture model is used to identify normalized groups in consideration of the inter-unit heat transfer and unobserved variables. The probabilistic approach incorporates unit- and season-specific prior information and sequential Bayesian updating of model parameters when new data is available. The model finds distinct normalized HC energy use groups in different seasons and provides more accurate rankings compared to the case without normalization.

Second, this Thesis presents a real-time modeling approach to predict the HC energy consumption of individual units in a multi-family residential building. The model has a state-space structure to capture the building thermal dynamics, includes the setpoint schedule as an input, and incorporates real-time state filtering and parameter learning to consider uncertainties from unobserved boundary conditions (e.g., temperatures of adjacent spaces) and unobserved disturbances (i.e., window opening, infiltration, etc.). Through this real-time form, the model does not need to be re-trained for different seasons. The results show that the median power prediction of the model deviates less than 3.1% from measurements while the model learns seasonal parameters such as the cooling efficiency coefficient through sequential Bayesian update.

Finally, this Thesis presents a scalable and practical HC energy disaggregation model that is designed to be developed using data from smart meters and smart thermostats available in current advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in typical residential houses without additional sensors. The model incorporates sequential Bayesian update whenever a new operation type is observed to learn seasonal parameters without long-term data for training. Also, it allows modeling the skewed characteristics of HC and non-HC power data. The results show that the model successfully predicts disaggregated HC power from 15-min interval data, and it shows less than 12% of error in weekly HC energy consumption. Finally, the model is able to learn seasonal parameters via sequential Bayesian update and gives good prediction results in different seasons.

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Shih, Chun-Chieh, and 施竣捷. "The Study on Building regulation of Implementation Open Building—the Project of Multi-unit Residential Building." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6mkf86.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
103
Globle warming has now become a severe problem, huge amount of constructional activities are bringing serious threat to the environment.Multi-unit residential building (MURB) is the major building type. Recently,the issue that including changes on family structures,and sustainability, provide an opportunity to rethink the usage of buildings and inhabitant behaviors. Therefore, at this moment,the notion of open building is then re-presented for feasibility evaluation. Examining the current Taiwan building regulations, a building is basically regarded as an independent unit that cannot be disassembled and changed. This notion is not able to comply with the concept of open building that the building can be supplied more flexible and customized. Although the government is eager to promote the development of open building, limitations of current building regulations usually become the major barriers affecting the implementation of open building. The re-examination of existing building regulation is important while less discussed in previous research. This purpose of this research is to evaluate the necessity of revising relevant building regulations to cope with the implementation the open building.

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Ricketts, Lorne. "A Field Study of Airflow in a High-Rise Multi-Unit Residential Building." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8190.

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Airflow into, out of, and within buildings is fundamental to their design and operation as it can affect occupant health and comfort, building durability, and energy consumption. This thesis works to develop the understanding of airflow patterns and pressure regimes in high-rise multi-unit residential buildings which are both unique and complex due to the combination of their height, typical inclusion of operable windows, and compartmentalized layout. Specific attention is directed towards the performance of corridor pressurization based ventilation systems which are used pervasively within industry to ventilate and control contaminant transfer in these buildings. Airflow is caused by pressure differences which for buildings are created by the driving forces of wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation systems. These airflows are resisted by the air permeance (i.e. airtightness) of building elements including the exterior enclosure and interior compartmentalizing elements. Using an experimental program at a case study building, this thesis assesses the interaction of these driving forces of airflow with the physical building to create the airflow patterns for a typical high-rise multi-unit residential building. Perflourocarbon tracer (PFT) testing was performed to measure in-service airflows into and out of the suites. This testing found that the air change rates of upper suites are significantly higher than that of lower suites and that most suites receive small fractions of modern ventilation rates or are over ventilated. Airflow measurements of the supply of ventilation air to each corridor indicate that these low flow rates are in part due to leakage of air from the supply duct. The PFT testing also found that significant airflow occurred from the parking garage below the building into the occupied building spaces indicating significant potential for transfer of harmful air contaminants. The air permeance of the exterior enclosure and interior compartmentalizing elements were measured using neutralized fan pressurization and depressurization techniques and found to be within typical ranges. In particular this testing found that only 20% of the flow paths out of the corridor were to the adjacent suites through the suite entrance doors and that flows to the elevator shaft and stairwells could create a significant inefficiency in the ventilation system. A long-term monitoring program was implemented at the case study building primarily to monitor exterior environmental conditions including wind and exterior temperature and to correlate these with measured pressure differences. A strong correlation was found between building pressure and exterior temperature. Nearly 70% of the theoretical stack effect pressure was measured to act across the corridor to suite pressure boundary which creates a significant pressure differences to be overcome by the ventilation system, likely contributing to the uneven distribution of ventilation rates. Both wind and stack effect pressures were found to often be of similar or greater magnitude than mechanically induced pressure differences and thus can overwhelm the ventilation system. Overall, the corridor pressurization based ventilation system at the case study building does not effectively or efficiently ventilate the building and also does not provide sufficient control of air contaminants. As the case study building was found to be relatively representative of a typical multi-unit residential building, the findings from this building can be extended to many other buildings. Effective ventilation and airflow control in multi-unit residential buildings likely requires suite compartmentalization and direct supply of ventilation via ducted or in-suite systems.

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Binkley, Clarissa. "Energy Consumption Tends of Multi-unit Residential Buildings in the City of Toronto." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33339.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the average energy intensity of multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Toronto, and evaluate whether certain building characteristics influence energy intensity. This information is particularly important in the Toronto market. Relative to the city’s population, Toronto has an unusually high proportion of MURBs with more than half of residential dwellings in apartment buildings. Additionally, Toronto MURBs are significant consumers of energy and produce an estimated 1.3M tonnes of CO2e each year. The ultimate goal is to assess the most efficient building retrofit measures. Energy consumption data for Toronto MURBs were collected and weather normalized. Correlations between the energy data and the building characteristics were examined. Window characteristics and heating system type were found to have the most significant influence on energy intensity. Establishing energy consumption characteristics of MURBs is the first step towards improving the energy efficiency of Toronto’s MURBs stock.

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Hieu, Nguyen Huu, and Nguyen Huu Hieu. "Development of Pre-Feasibility Project Model for Hbi Investment Jsc in Investing in Multi-Storey Residential Building Construction in Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85381401813651840569.

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碩士
龍華科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
101
HBI Investment JSC (“HBI”), the owner of several tall residential building projects in Hanoi is currently working to develop more multi-storey residential building projects in Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi. The company understands that the development of pre-feasibility project model in the investment preparation stage is very essential both scientifically and practically, aiming to ensure the viability of investment opportunities and ensure the investment period under strict control, minimizing problems occurred during project implementation stage. Derived from the actual demand on developing the model of pre-feasibility projects in construction investment in Vietnam in general and from the requirement to improve and standardize the practical operational process system at HBI, the thesis topic has been chosen as: Development of pre-feasibility project model for HBI Investment JSC in investing in multi-storey building construction in Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi. Objectives: - To clarify the concept, influential factors, advantageous and difficult conditions in developing the model of pre-feasibility projects in the investment preparation stage of the company. - To evaluate the current situation and formulate the research process of economic and technical factors, ensure the contents, methods pursuant to laws and regulations, thus analyze the factors / variables that actually affect the feasibility of the project. To analyze the theoretical and practical aspects to develop the pre-feasibility project model towards the secured selection of the current investment decision-making and the company’s orientation to long-term development of operational model The thesis focuses on answering the following research questions: - What are the shortcomings of current pre-feasibility study model? - To develop model, processes and propose appropriate pre-feasibility solutions for HBI’s multi-storey residential building projects in Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi Research methodology: - Application of case study strategy. - Using complex research model, the qualitative and quantitative analysis, such as: synthesisation of expert opinions, monograph research of relevant studies, archive research, data collection and processing primary and secondary information, etc. Researching data on the model, the construction investment procedure of different types of enterprises, foreign partnership enterprises, investment cooperation joint stock enterprises, state-owned enterprises to collect the most general data bringing outcomes and propose synthetic data for designing the model applied to HBI company. The number of questionnaires delivered: 20 questionnaires / 20 companies After implementing complex research method, qualitative and quantitative analysis, meeting and exchanging opinions with experts on the model, the project pre-feasibility procedure, clarifying the feasibility criteria which need considering, shortening the pre-feasibility project research procedure in the investment preparation phase and implementing the survey questionnaire, expert opinions of large investment agents as well as investment consulting agents are shown in the result table of surveying the practicality of the topic proposed. Using quantitative statistics in a problem of specific economic efficiency to quantify time reduced and prevent risks due to changes in investment, land policies, which helps to shorten the investment preparation phase as well as save the interest expense, corporate expenses for the project. Thanks to this, investors can make wise decisions for the next phases’ implementation of the project in order to achieve the best efficiency for the project that investors will carry out.

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Frade, André Manuel da Costa. "Avaliação de Medidas de Reabilitação Energética de Edifícios Residenciais." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87993.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
O setor residencial em Portugal é responsável por uma elevada percentagem dos consumosde energia final, a este consumo está associado um nível alto de ineficiência energética,principalmente devido à idade e aos aspetos construtivos do parque habitacional. A promoção daeficiência energética, através de reabilitações, deve ser encarada como uma ferramenta importanteno combate às alterações climáticas e a um futuro ecologicamente sustentável.Esta dissertação desenvolve uma metodologia de apoio à decisão baseada em análisemulticritério. Para a classificação de medidas de eficiência energética em edifícios residências,num contexto de reabilitação. Este tipo de análise permite a comparação de dados quantitativos equalitativos, o que a torna particularmente eficiente neste tipo de problemas. Os resultados daanálise têm de ser vantajosos para as várias entidades envolvidas, desde os consumidores até aosdecisores políticos, para servir este propósito os critérios utilizados na metodologia têm de serviras várias partes interessadas.Para realizar a classificação das medidas foi escolhido o método ELECTRE TRI. A seleçãodos critérios de avaliação começou pela utilização de critérios comuns a análises clássicas,tipicamente focadas no contexto económico, como por exemplo o investimento inicial e a reduçãode consumos. Foi adicionado um critério ambiental que permite avaliar a quantidade de emissõesde gases de efeito de estufa durante todo o ciclo de vida das medidas. Por fim foram utilizadosdois critérios direcionados para o decisor político, a capacidade de penetração no mercado naausência de incentivos e a adequação para serem suportadas por políticas de promoção deeficiência energética.
The residential sector in Portugal is responsible for a high percentage of final energyconsumption. This consumption is associated with a high level of energy inefficiency, mainly dueto the age and the constructive aspects of the housing stock. Promoting energy efficiency throughrehabilitation should be seen as an important tool to fight climate change and promoting anecologically sustainable future.This dissertation develops a decision support methodology based on multicriteria analysis.The purpose of this methodology is the classification of energy efficiency measures in residentialbuildings, in a context of rehabilitation. This type of analysis allows the comparison of quantitativeand qualitative data, which makes it particularly efficient in this type of problem. The results ofthe analysis must be beneficial to the various entities involved, from consumers to policy makers,to serve this purpose the criteria used in the methodology have to serve the various stakeholders.ELECTRE TRI was the chosen method to classify the energy efficiency measures. Theselection of evaluation criteria began by using criteria common to classical analyzes, typicallyfocused on the economic context, such as initial investment and consumption reduction. Next, anenvironmental criterion was selected to assess the amount of greenhouse gas emissions during thelife cycle of the measures. Finally, two criteria for the policy maker were selected: the ability topenetrate the market in the absence of incentives and the adequacy to be supported by energyefficiency promotion policies. . .

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Kundu, Rajib. "Smart Operation of Centralized Temperature Control System in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7568.

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Smart Grid has emerged a very important concept in modern power systems. The integration of different loads such as residential, commercial and industrial into the smart grid and their optimal operation has a significant effect on the system's reliability, stability, peak power demand and energy price. This work presents the mathematical modeling of a Centralized Temperature Control System (CTCS) of a Multi-Unit Residential Building (MURB) and its optimal operation considering electricity prices and weather variations. The model considers comfort levels, preference settings and activity of residents in different units of the building to determine the optimal operation schedules of the CTCS, minimizing its total energy consumption cost. Multi-objective operation of the MURB is also investigated when residents in different units have conflicting interests, and the impact of such conflicting preferences on the operation of CTCS is analyzed. A case-study on optimal energy management of a single unit house considering net-metering is also presented. The proposed CTCS model is a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programing (MINLP) model, where some of the constraints are linearized to reduce the computational complexity arising from the non-linearity, for real-time applications. The model is studied for various customers' preferences using a realistic MURB model. Simulation results show that significant cost savings can be achieved using the proposed mathematical model.

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Wu, Wen-Chen, and 吳文君. "A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model for Evaluating the Energy-Saving Design Strategies of Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22534849855575652218.

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碩士
東方設計學院
文化創意設計研究所
101
The Kyoto Protocol, which aims to control the emission of greenhouse gas, is established for industrialized countries. However, emerging industrial countries, households, and individuals are also sources of greenhouse gas emission, and should share the responsibility of reducing greenhouse gas emission. As the living quality in Taiwan advances, the interior design industry has continuously developed complicated and luxurious decoration techniques, and applied delicate, multi-manufactured and high energy consumption materials, thus increasing the total CO2 emission in construction industry. In energy-saving design for houses, the energy-saving policy of government is only effective when recognized by both designers and house owners. This study adopted group decision technique of Delphi Method, multiple attribution decision of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy logic, to construct an evaluation model to achieve effectiveness of multiple attribute interior energy-saving design. In the phase of interior design, better energy-saving design decision can be made by quantified evaluation, thus helping to construct low carbon residential environment. The model can serve as references for interior designers’ energy-saving design and government’s calculation to reward and implement subsidies of low carbon houses.

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Ahmadi, Majid Hossien. "Evaluation of proposed measures to improve housing quality in multi family residential buildings in the city of Long Beach, California." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/23812.

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Chen, Jiayu. "Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8FCX.

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The building sector is a major contributor to total energy consumption in most countries. Traditionally, researchers have focused on leveraging energy efficiency by improving building materials, in-house facilities and transmission equipment. More recently, however, there has been increased focus on research concerning demand-side energy consumption behavior. Current research suggests that energy efficient behavior of a building's occupants can be extensively enhanced through the sharing of energy consumption information among residents in a peer network. However, most of this research relies on experimental tests and does not theorize concepts related to peer network energy efficiency systematically. My dissertation addresses this research gap on two levels. First, I examined if and how the structure of peer networks can impact residents' conservation behaviors through network analysis by employing agent-based simulation techniques. Following confirmation of the impact that network structure has on user behavior, I created a layered network model to integrate information from various network layers and a block configuration model to reconstruct increasingly reliable random networks. In contrast to controlled energy efficiency experiments, real-world networks are large in size, heterogeneous in nature and regularly interact with other networks. By utilizing models developed in this dissertation, we are able to estimate the contribution of network structural coefficients to the energy consumption performance of peer networks. By comparing the layered network and block configuration model I developed with other conventional models, I prove the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of these improved models. These findings have implications for assessing network performance, creating accurate complex random networks for large-scale research, and developing strategies for network design to improve building energy efficiency. This research establishes a system to study residents' energy efficient behaviors from the perspective of peer networks and proposes some instructive models for further energy feedback system design.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multi-residential building'

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