Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multi-Organ'
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Mali, Shruti Atul. "Multi-Modal Learning for Abdominal Organ Segmentation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285866.
Full textKarlsson, Albin, and Daniel Olmo. "Multi-organ segmentation med användning av djup inlärning." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277813.
Full textMedical image analysis is both time consuming and requires expertise. In thisreport, a 2.5D version of the U-net convolution network adapted for automatedkidney segmentation is further developed. Convolution neural networks havepreviously shown expert level performance in image segmentation. Training datafor the network was created by manually segmenting MRI images of kidneys.The 2.5D U-Net network was trained with 64 kidney segmentations fromprevious work. Volume analysis on the network’s kidney segmentation proposalsof 38,000 patients showed that the ammount of segmented voxels that are notpart of the kidneys was 0.35%. After the addition of 56 of our segmentations, itdecreased to just 0.11%, indicating a reduction of about 68%. This is a majorimprovement of the network and an important step towards the development ofpractical applications of automated segmentation.
Carrizo, Gabriel. "Organ Segmentation Using Deep Multi-task Learning with Anatomical Landmarks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241640.
Full textJacobzon, Gustaf. "Multi-site Organ Detection in CT Images using Deep Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279290.
Full textVid optimering av en kontrollerad dos inom strålbehandling krävs det information om friska organ, så kallade riskorgan, i närheten av de maligna cellerna för att minimera strålningen i dessa organ. Denna information kan tillhandahållas av djupa volymetriskta segmenteringsnätverk, till exempel 3D U-Net. Begränsningar i minnesstorleken hos moderna grafikkort gör att det inte är möjligt att träna ett volymetriskt segmenteringsnätverk på hela bildvolymen utan att först nedsampla volymen. Detta leder dock till en lågupplöst segmentering av organen som inte är tillräckligt precis för att kunna användas vid optimeringen. Ett alternativ är att endast behandla en intresseregion som innesluter ett eller ett fåtal organ från bildvolymen och träna ett regionspecifikt nätverk på denna mindre volym. Detta tillvägagångssätt kräver dock information om vilket område i bildvolymen som ska skickas till det regionspecifika segmenteringsnätverket. Denna information kan tillhandahållas av ett 3Dobjektdetekteringsnätverk. I regel är även detta nätverk regionsspecifikt, till exempel thorax-regionen, och kräver mänsklig assistans för att välja rätt nätverk för en viss region i kroppen. Vi föreslår istället ett multiregions-detekteringsnätverk baserat påYOLOv3 som kan detektera 43 olika organ och fungerar på godtyckligt valda axiella fönster i kroppen. Vår modell identifierar närvarande organ (hela eller trunkerade) i bilden och kan automatiskt ge information om vilken region som ska behandlas av varje regionsspecifikt segmenteringsnätverk. Vi tränar vår modell på fyra små (så lågt som 20 bilder) platsspecifika datamängder med svag övervakning för att hantera den delvis icke-annoterade egenskapen hos datamängderna. Vår modell genererar en organ-specifik intresseregion för 92 % av organen som finns i testmängden.
Hasal, Steven John 1965. "A model for the multi-organ metabolism and nephrotoxicity of chlorotrifluoroethylene." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288818.
Full textBoussaid, Haithem. "Efficient inference and learning in graphical models for multi-organ shape segmentation." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0002/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the use of discriminatively trained deformable contour models (DCMs) for shape-based segmentation in medical images. We make contributions in two fronts: in the learning problem, where the model is trained from a set of annotated images, and in the inference problem, whose aim is to segment an image given a model. We demonstrate the merit of our techniques in a large X-Ray image segmentation benchmark, where we obtain systematic improvements in accuracy and speedups over the current state-of-the-art. For learning, we formulate training the DCM scoring function as large-margin structured prediction and construct a training objective that aims at giving the highest score to the ground-truth contour configuration. We incorporate a loss function adapted to DCM-based structured prediction. In particular, we consider training with the Mean Contour Distance (MCD) performance measure. Using this loss function during training amounts to scoring each candidate contour according to its Mean Contour Distance to the ground truth configuration. Training DCMs using structured prediction with the standard zero-one loss already outperforms the current state-of-the-art method [Seghers et al. 2007] on the considered medical benchmark [Shiraishi et al. 2000, van Ginneken et al. 2006]. We demonstrate that training with the MCD structured loss further improves over the generic zero-one loss results by a statistically significant amount. For inference, we propose efficient solvers adapted to combinatorial problems with discretized spatial variables. Our contributions are three-fold:first, we consider inference for loopy graphical models, making no assumption about the underlying graph topology. We use an efficient decomposition-coordination algorithm to solve the resulting optimization problem: we decompose the model’s graph into a set of open, chain-structured graphs. We employ the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to fix the potential inconsistencies of the individual solutions. Even-though ADMMis an approximate inference scheme, we show empirically that our implementation delivers the exact solution for the considered examples. Second,we accelerate optimization of chain-structured graphical models by using the Hierarchical A∗ search algorithm of [Felzenszwalb & Mcallester 2007] couple dwith the pruning techniques developed in [Kokkinos 2011a]. We achieve a one order of magnitude speedup in average over the state-of-the-art technique based on Dynamic Programming (DP) coupled with Generalized DistanceTransforms (GDTs) [Felzenszwalb & Huttenlocher 2004]. Third, we incorporate the Hierarchical A∗ algorithm in the ADMM scheme to guarantee an efficient optimization of the underlying chain structured subproblems. The resulting algorithm is naturally adapted to solve the loss-augmented inference problem in structured prediction learning, and hence is used during training and inference. In Appendix A, we consider the case of 3D data and we develop an efficientmethod to find the mode of a 3D kernel density distribution. Our algorithm has guaranteed convergence to the global optimum, and scales logarithmically in the volume size by virtue of recursively subdividing the search space. We use this method to rapidly initialize 3D brain tumor segmentation where we demonstrate substantial acceleration with respect to a standard mean-shift implementation. In Appendix B, we describe in more details our extension of the Hierarchical A∗ search algorithm of [Felzenszwalb & Mcallester 2007] to inference on chain-structured graphs
Allen, Elizabeth Jane. "Multi-organ rheumatological disease : statistical analysis of outcome measures and their interrelationships." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446556/.
Full textMillar, Benjamin John Minford. "The role of the formyl-peptide receptor in multi-organ fibrosis mechanisms." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3500.
Full textSamarakoon, Prasad. "Random Regression Forests for Fully Automatic Multi-Organ Localization in CT Images." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM039/document.
Full textLocating an organ in a medical image by bounding that particular organ with respect to an entity such as a bounding box or sphere is termed organ localization. Multi-organ localization takes place when multiple organs are localized simultaneously. Organ localization is one of the most crucial steps that is involved in all the phases of patient treatment starting from the diagnosis phase to the final follow-up phase. The use of the supervised machine learning technique called random forests has shown very encouraging results in many sub-disciplines of medical image analysis. Similarly, Random Regression Forests (RRF), a specialization of random forests for regression, have produced the state of the art results for fully automatic multi-organ localization.Although, RRF have produced state of the art results in multi-organ segmentation, the relative novelty of the method in this field still raises numerous questions about how to optimize its parameters for consistent and efficient usage. The first objective of this thesis is to acquire a thorough knowledge of the inner workings of RRF. After achieving the above mentioned goal, we proposed a consistent and automatic parametrization of RRF. Then, we empirically proved the spatial indenpendency hypothesis used by RRF. Finally, we proposed a novel RRF specialization called Light Random Regression Forests for multi-organ localization
Olde, Damink Stephanus Wilibrordus Maria Jalan Rajiv. "Pathophysiological basis of hepatic encephalopathy: a multi-organ perspective in patients with liver failure." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2005. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6361.
Full textOsabutey, Casmiel K. "The pathophysiology of sepsis-induced multi-organ dysfunction in a clinically relevant rat model." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582566.
Full textGolfieri, Lucia <1980>. "The biopsychosocial approach in liver and multi-organ transplantation: assessment of the outcome predictors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9172/1/TESI%20PHD%20GOLFIERI.pdf.
Full textPaakkola, T. (Teija). "Novel genetic causes and functional studies of severe neurological and multi-organ diseases in children." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789529407712.
Full textTiivistelmä Yksittäiset, määrittelemättömät, vaikeat neurologiset monielinsairaudet ovat harvinaisia. Sen sijaan neurologisten ja monielinsairauksien alle ryhmittyvät taudit ovat merkittävä syy useisiin sairauksiin, jotka heikentävät elämänlaatua ja aiheuttavat kuolleisuutta. Tästä johtuen neurotieteiden tutkimus ja saatujen tulosten soveltaminen diagnostiikassa ja hoitomuotojen kehittämisessä on hyvin tärkeää. Molekyylikaryotyypitys- ja eksomisekvensointi-menetelmiä hyödynnettiin etsittäessä taudin syytä eteneville neuromuskulaarisairauksille pohjoissuomalaisissa perheissä. Tutkimuksessa tehtiin lisäksi funktionaalisia kokeita GLE1-, NHLRC2- ja MYH7B-proteiineilla, jotta ymmärrettäisiin paremmin löydettyjen mutaatioiden vaikutus potilaiden sairauksiin. Havaittiin, että GLE1-mutaatio vaikutti proteiinin solunsisäiseen paikantumiseen. NHLRC2-proteiini puolestaan on mukana useissa solun biologisissa prosesseissa ja sen toiminnanhäiriö vaikuttaa FINCA-taudin ja fibroosin kehittymiseen. MYH7B-myosiinigeenimutaatio puolestaan yhdistettiin ensimmäistä kertaa enkefalomyopatiaan. Havaittujen tautigeenien; GLE1, NHLRC2 ja MYH7B, vaikutus enkefalomyopatioissa ja neurodegeneraatiossa kertoo, että kyseisillä geeneillä on hyvin todennäköisesti tärkeä rooli ihmisen kehityksessä. Kyseisten, aiemmin tuntemattomien sairautta-aiheuttavien geenimutaatioiden analysointi lisäsi tietoa sairauksien etiologiasta ja loi pohjan tautimekanismien ratkaisemiselle tulevaisuudessa. Työssä esitettyjä uusia sairautta-aiheuttavia geenejä ja uusia karakterisoituja lapsuusiän neuromuskulaarisairauksien ilmiasuja voidaan hyödyntää perheille tarjotun sikiödiagnostiikan lisäksi myös muiden potilaiden samankaltaisen taudinkuvan diagnosoinnissa maailmanlaajuisesti
Tappenden, Kelly Anne. "Short-chain fatty acids enhance intestinal adaptation in rats receiving total parenteral nutrition, a multi-organ analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21646.pdf.
Full textHsu, Hao-Hsiang [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Pörtner. "Charakterisierung und numerische Simulation an Hautmodellen in einem Multi-Organ-Chip / Hao-Hsiang Hsu ; Betreuer: Ralf Pörtner." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200057791/34.
Full textSmith, Zaneta. "Hiding behind a mask : a grounded theory study of perioperative nurses’ experiences of participating in multi-organ procurement surgery." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1831.
Full textOno, Masahiro. "Control of autoimmune myocarditis and multi-organ inflammation by GITR[high], Foxp3-expressing CD25[+] and CD25[-] regulatory T cells." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143877.
Full textChen, Huiwen, Sean Thomas Mcphillips, and Vishnu Chundi. "Contralateral compartment syndrome inoculated by invasive group A streptococcus." TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622921.
Full textSeliger, Verena Ingeborg [Verfasser]. "Identification and evaluation of the predictive and diagnostic value of biomarkers applied to multi organ deficiencies in Cystic Fibrosis / Verena Ingeborg Seliger." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047840588/34.
Full textTheobald, Jannick Florian [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Wölfl. "Entwicklung von mikrofluidischen Multi-Organ-Zellchipsystemen für die in vitro Metabolisierung und Bestimmung der Toxizität von Substanzen / Jannick Florian Theobald ; Betreuer: Stefan Wölfl." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177253828/34.
Full textTheobald, Jannick Florian Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wölfl. "Entwicklung von mikrofluidischen Multi-Organ-Zellchipsystemen für die in vitro Metabolisierung und Bestimmung der Toxizität von Substanzen / Jannick Florian Theobald ; Betreuer: Stefan Wölfl." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-252159.
Full textWagner, Ilka [Verfasser], Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Lauster, Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Neubauer, and Stetten Otto [Akademischer Betreuer] von. "Multi-organ-chip based skin models for research and substance testing / Ilka Wagner. Gutachter: Roland Lauster ; Peter Neubauer ; Otto von Stetten. Betreuer: Roland Lauster." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066161968/34.
Full textHing, Alfred Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Optimising the quality of donor organs for transplantation: studies of hormone resuscitation of the brain-dead multi-organ donor and the development of a long-term preservation strategy to optimise function of the transplanted heart in a porcine model." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44792.
Full textMaterne, Eva-Maria [Verfasser], Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Lauster, Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurreck, and Horst [Akademischer Betreuer] Spielmann. "Generation of a multi-organ-chip-based liver equivalent for toxicity testing / Eva-Maria Materne. Gutachter: Roland Lauster ; Jens Kurreck ; Horst Spielmann. Betreuer: Roland Lauster." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065669593/34.
Full textGloger, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Combined Applications of the Level Set Method with Multi-Step Recognition and Refinement Algorithms for Fully Automatic Organ and Tissue Segmentation in MRI Data / Oliver Gloger." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022617842/34.
Full textHasenberg, Tobias [Verfasser], Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Lauster, Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Marx, Eva-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Materne, Roland [Gutachter] Lauster, Peter [Gutachter] Neubauer, and Horst [Gutachter] Spielmann. "Emulating the human vasculature in a Multi-Organ-Chip platform : rheology and vasculogenesis / Tobias Hasenberg ; Gutachter: Roland Lauster, Peter Neubauer, Horst Spielmann ; Roland Lauster, Uwe Marx, Eva-Maria Materne." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156331269/34.
Full textMadiedo-Podvršan, Sabrina. "Development of a lung-liver in vitro coculture model for the risk assessment of inhaled xenobiotics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2703.
Full textUrbanization and globalization are prevailing social phenomena that multiply and complexify the sources of modern pollution. Amongst others, air pollution has been recognized as an omnipresent life-threatening hazard, comprising a wide range of toxic airborne xenobiotics that expose man to acute and chronic threats. The defense mechanisms involved in hazardous exposure responses are complex and comprise local and systemic biological pathways. Due to this complexity, animal models are considered prime study models. However, in light of animal experimentation reduction (3Rs), we developed and investigated an alternative in vitro method to study systemic-like responses to inhalationlike exposures. In this context, a coculture platform was established to emulate interorgan crosstalks between the pulmonary barrier, which constitutes the route of entry of inhaled compounds, and the liver, which plays a major role in xenobiotic metabolism. Both compartments respectively comprised a Calu-3 insert and a HepG2/C3A biochip which were jointly cultured in a dynamically-stimulated environment for 72 hours. The present model was characterized using acetaminophen (APAP), a well-documented hepatotoxicant, to visibly assess the passage and circulation of a xenobiotic through the device. Two kinds of models were developed: (1) the developmental model allowed for the technical setup of the coculture, and (2) the physiological-like model better approximates a vivo environment. Based on viability, and functionality parameters the developmental model showed that the Calu-3 bronchial barrier and the HepG2/C3A biochip can successfully be maintained viable and function in a dynamic coculture setting for 3 days. In a stress-induced environment, present results reported that the coculture model emulated active and functional in vitro crosstalk that seemingly was responsive to high (1.5 and 3 mM) and low (12 and 24 μM) xenobiotic exposure doses. Lung/liver crosstalk induced modulation of stress response dynamics, delaying cytotoxicity, proving that APAP fate, biological behaviors and cellular stress responses were modulated in a broader systemic-like environment
Guinin, Maxime. "Segmentation 3D des organes à risque du tronc masculin à partir d'images anatomiques TDM et IRM à l'aide de méthodes hybrides." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR019/document.
Full textProstate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. External radiotherapy is one of the techniques used to this disease. In order to achieve this, the segmentation of the prostate and its associated organs at risk (OAR) (rectum, bladder and femoral heads) is a major step in the application of the treatment. The objective of this thesis is to provide tools to segment prostate and OAR automatically or semi-automatically. Several approaches have been proposed in recent years to address these issues. As OAR have a relatively good contrast in the image, we have focused on a semi-automatic approach to segment them, consisting of an over-segmentation of the image into small homogeneous regions called superpixels. Then, the user labels some superpixels in the OAR as germs. Finally, the OAR segmentation is performed by a graph diffusion (from germs) constructed by superpixels. Regarding the prostate segmentation, a sub-volume of the image called VOI (Volume Of Interest), in which the prostate is located, is first defined. The prostate segmentation is performed within this VOI. A dictionary composed of the texture characteristics extracted on each patch of the VOI is first constructed. Then, the selection of characteristics of the dictionary under parsimonious constraints allows to find the most informative ones. Finally, based on these selected characteristics, patch label propagation under parsimonious constraint is applied to segment the prostate at two scales, superpixels and pixels. Our method was evaluated with promising results on TDM images of the Henri Becquerel Center and IRM of the 2013 ISBI challenge
Kolam, Kerstin. "Lokala organ i Norden 1968-1986 : från idé till verklighet." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67657.
Full textdigitalisering@umu
Dunja, Mihajlović. "Dijagnostički i prognostički značaj markera disfunkcije endotela i poremećaja mehanizma hemostaze u sepsi." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94104&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIntroduction: Sepsis is one of the main causes of death in intensive care units and other hospital wards in spite of implementation of new sepsis treatment guidelines in everyday hospital practice worldwide. Changes that occur in the microvasculature, affecting primarily endothelial cell, are the basis of the pathophysiology of multiorgan dysfunction (MODS) in sepsis. Coagulation abnormalities which occur as a consequence of endothelial changes are recognized as diagnostic criteria for sepsis, but significance of these changes in the outcome prognosis and prediction of the course of sepsis is still not accurately defined. Aims: Evaluation of hemostasis related parameters and endothelial activation biomarkers values in patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers. Determination whether the levels of hemostasis-related parameters and biomarkers of endothelial activation have diagnostic significance and are they associated with MODS development and persistence in the first 48 hours of hospitalization and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Material and methods: This is cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 and 2013 in the Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation at the Emergency Center of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina and in the Clinic of Infectious Disease at the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. 150 patients who fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of sepsis were included in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and MODS. 30 healthy volunteers, blood donors were the control group. After the categorization of patients, during the first 24 hours of hospitalization, predictive APACHE II and SOFA scores were calculated. Hemostasis related parameters and endothelial activation biomarkers concentrations were determined within the first 24 hours of the onset of the disease. To assess the development of complication of the disease, patients were monitored for 48 hours for MODS development and persistence or resolution and for 28 days from the onset of sepsis for outcome assessment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software and are presented in tables and graphs, statistical significance was set at p< 0,05. Results: Biomarkers of endothelial and coagulation activation are significantly higher in patients with sepsis in comparison to their values in healthy volunteers, while concentrations of natural anticoagulants are significantly lower in patients with sepsis than in healthy volunteers. APTT, PT, D-dimer, fibrinogen, natural anticoagulants and biomarkers od endothelial activation (endocan and vWF antigen and activity) have diagnostic significance in patients with sepsis. Hemostasis related parameters and endothelial activation biomarkers are good prognostic factors for complication development in patients with sepsis. APTT, PT, D-dimer, platelet count, natural anticoagulants, thrombomodulin, endocan and ETP are equally valuable in early prediction of sepsis development as APACHE II and SOFA scores. Thrombomodulin, D-dimer, ETP and PC are good predictors of MODS development during the first 48 hours from sepsis onset. Endocan, PT, APTT, fibrinogen concentration, values of natural anticoagulants and ETP values are significant in 28-day mortality prediction in patients with sepsis. Conclusion: A combination of markers of endothelial dysfunction with widely used ICU scores and organ failure assessment could contribute to an early recognition of complication development and consequent death in patients with sepsis. It is necessary to obtain the full insight in pro-and anticoagulant dynamic evaluation while interpreting coagulation and inflammation processes in sepsis development, in order to accurately lead early resuscitation therapy.
Barbier, Emeline. "Étude des mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans la toxicité des particules ultrafines chez un modèle murin : une approche multi-organes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS063.
Full textAlthough there has been a significant reduction in air pollution since the 1990s, it remains a major public health problem, responsible for over 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide every year. At present, experts' attention is focused on ultrafine particles (PM0.1 or UFP) because of their ability to translocate into the systemic circulation and reach peripheral organs, where they are likely to have a harmful impact. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of these particles is still very patchy, and most often remains focused on their main target, the lung. Thus, the main objectives of this thesis project were to provide innovative insights into the toxicokinetics (i.e., distribution/persistence) and toxicodynamics (i.e., pathophysiological mechanisms, associated cell signaling pathways) of UFP collected in urban environments, on the one hand, and the organospecific effects of UFP and the use of circulating miRNA as indicators of chronic and/or cumulative exposure to UFP in a mouse model, on the other hand. To answer these questions, Balb/cJRj mice were exposed for 3 months to various doses of UFP collected in the urban area of Lille, then analyzed in various target organs richly vascularized, and therefore directly exposed to UFP during their translocation and systemic distribution phase. The results showed that, in all target organs, the intrinsic oxidative potential of UFP undeniably induced the production of oxidative oxygen species and the activation of antioxidant defenses in sufficient quantities to restore a state of redox homeostasis, but were unable to prevent the onset of an inflammatory response in the lungs, heart and brain. Transcriptomic approaches carried out in the lungs, the target organ with the most marked deleterious effects, have suggested the deregulation of numerous signaling pathways in relation to oxidative and inflammatory responses, which constitute the central mechanisms of UFP toxicity, but also with more original toxicity mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tissue remodeling, whose modulation has also been validated from a functional point of view. These promising data could ultimately contribute to better decision-making on the reduction of UFP emissions, as well as to the updating of current regulatory standards
Kollander, Barbro. "Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry : Exploring the Limits of Different Sample Preparation Strategies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150861.
Full textHuber, Adrian Thomas. "Multi-organ non-invasive tissue characterization of fibrosis, adipose tissue, edema and inflammation with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging : applications to myocardium, skeletal muscle and liver interactions Cardiac MR strain: a noninvasive biomarker of fibro-fatty remodeling of the left atrial myocardium Comparison of MR T1 and T2 mapping parameters to characterize myocardial and skeletal muscle involvement in systemic Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy (IIM) Non-invasive differentiation of acute viral myocarditis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with cardiac involvement using magnetic resonance imaging T1 and T2 mapping CT predicts liver fibrosis: Prospective evaluation of morphology- and attenuationbased quantitative scores in routine portal venous abdominal scans." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS135.
Full textThis thesis provides a proof of concept for MR atrial strain, as well as MR relaxometry in the myocardium, in skeletal muscles and in the liver. Thanks to a close interaction between radiologist and software engineers, two different softwares were developed, applied and validated: one for multiorgan T1 mapping in the myocardium, skeletal muscle and liver, another one for cardiac four-chamber strain analysis and volumetry. The first publication showed a strong correlation of LA strain with the degree of fibro-fatty replacement in histology. Such functional imaging biomarker in combination with LA volumetry could help to guide clinical decisions, since myocardial structural remodeling is a known morphologic substrate of LA dysfunction, atrial fibrillation and adverse outcome. In the second publication, MR relaxometry parameters applied to the myocardium and skeletal muscles in IIM patients and healthy volunteers were used as a model to demonstrate influences of different tissue composition and vascularization on T1 mapping parameters. ΔT1 and EHF were introduced as simple alternatives to ECV in highly vascularized tissues such as the myocardium. In the third publication, MR relaxometry parameters applied to the skeletal muscls allowed for an accurate discrimination of AVM and IIM with cardiac involvement. However, when applied to the myocardium, parametric mapping did not separate between the two groups. The fourth publication introduced native T1 of the liver an easily accessible and accurate non-invasive imaging associate of congestive HF in IDCM patients with better performance than established functional parameters such as LV volumes, ejection fraction or strain
Yi, Lin Chung, and 林忠義. "An Analysis of Organ Donation Legal System from Multi-perspectives:Focusing on Cadaveric Organ Donation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11308875134591431784.
Full text國立交通大學
科技法律學程碩士班
91
According to Organ Procurement Association, R.O.C., 5000~6000 patients are in the waiting list of organ transplantation, but there are less than 100 donors a year in Taiwan. The organ donation rate is about 3pmp in Taiwan, less than west world 20pmp. Legal profession does not pay much attention to organ donation. Medical profession though discusses this subject a lot, they usually talk about promoting organ supply, no sharing. Medical profession puts utilitarianism in mind, not Kantianism. Many papers in medical profession talk about UNOS, but dismiss Spain the best in organ donation rate, they do not discuss the successful experience of bone marrow or blood donation in Taiwan, either. This thesis tries to examine organ donation problems through ethics, economic analysis of law, social analysis of law, comparative law, legal history, secondary material review, interview research. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate organ donation legal system from introducing European and American organ donation system, and referring to the experience of bone marrow and blood donation in Taiwan. This thesis analyzes proposals from scholars, including organ donation from executed prisoners, organ market, future market, compensation system, presumed consent, mandated choice, mutual insurance pool, xenotransplantation, organ reproduction, for the goal of promoting organ supply. Because the public’s attitudes influence organ supply deeply, this thesis tries to find out the attitudes of public and medical profession from scholars’ survey reports, and also I interviewed 16 related persons. This thesis also discusses the legal history of Human Organ Transplant Act, the most important law in organ donation in Taiwan. This thesis suggests that organ donation system should base on Spain model, and adopt the experience of U.S. organ donation system, Taiwan’s bone marrow and blood donation system. In the near future, it will still be few of donative organs, so I think we must set up fair organ sharing principles in Taiwan. In addition, Human Organ Transplant Act needs to be reformed, in order to run organ donation legal system effectively. Of course, it is not enough just to reform Human Organ Transplant Act, we need to take suitable legal policies to promote organ supply under humanity and efficiency. This thesis proposes:giving up organ donation from executed prisoners, adopting compensation system, mandated choice, mutual insurance pool , encouraging the development of gene engineering and xenotransplantation technology , forbidding overseas organ sale , reforming the running of prosecutors’ autopsy.
McDermott, Sean Patrick. "The role of syndecan-1 in multi-organ tumor resistance to chemical carcinogens." 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/70821376.html.
Full textJosiah, M. Robina. "Evaluating the determinants of a successful organ donor process in a multi-hospital system." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1501/index.html.
Full textBagulho, Inês Correia. "Reference tissue normalization of prostate MRI with automatic multi-organ deep learning pelvis segmentation." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/36792.
Full textProstate cancer is the most common cancer among male patients and second leading cause of death from cancer in men (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is currently becoming the modality of choice for clinical staging of localized prostate cancer. However, MRI lacks intensity quantification which hinders its diagnostic ability. The overall aim of this dissertation is to automate a novel normalization method that can potentially quantify general MR intensities, thus improving the diagnostic ability of MRI. Two Prostate multi-parametric MRI cohorts, of 2012 and 2016, were used in this retrospective study. To improve the diagnostic ability of T2-Weighted MRI, a novel multi-reference tissue normalization method was tested and automated. This method consists of computing the average intensity of the reference tissues and the corresponding normalized reference values to define a look-up-table through interpolation. Since the method requires delineation of multiple reference tissues, an MRI-specific Deep Learning model, Aniso-3DUNET, was trained on manual segmentations and tested to automate this segmentation step. The output of the Deep Learning model, that consisted of automatic segmentations, was validated and used in an automatic normalization approach. The effect of the manual and automatic normalization approaches on diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted intensities was determined with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses. The Areas Under the Curve (AUC) were compared. The automatic segmentation of multiple reference-tissues was validated with an average DICE score higher than 0.8 in the test phase. Thereafter, the method developed demonstrated that the normalized intensities lead to an improved diagnostic accuracy over raw intensities using the manual approach, with an AUC going from 0.54 (raw) to 0.68 (normalized), and automatic approach, with an AUC going from 0.68 to 0.73. This study demonstrates that multi-reference tissue normalization improves quantification of T2-weighted images and diagnostic accuracy, possibly leading to a decrease in radiologist’s interpretation variability. It is also possible to conclude that this novel T2-weighted MRI normalization method can be automatized, becoming clinically applicable.
Pratt, Mary Margaret. "Chlorophyllin chemoprevention against Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-initiated multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rainbow trout model." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31143.
Full textGraduation date: 2003
Chih-Wen, Yu, and 游智雯. "A study on the functional indicators construct of public relationship for house organ of the multi-level marketing industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90167765088201443312.
Full textKaram, Oliver. "Évaluation de l’effet clinique de la durée d’entreposage des culots érythrocytaires chez les enfants admis aux soins intensifs." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5021.
Full textTransfusion is a common treatment in pediatric intensive care units. Studies in adults suggest that prolonged storage of red blood cell units is associated with worse clinical outcome. No prospective study has been conducted in children. Our objectives were to assess the clinical impact of the length of storage of red blood cell units on clinical outcome in critically ill children. We conducted a prospective, observational study in 30 North American centers, in consecutive patients aged <18 years with a stay ≥48 hours in a pediatric intensive care unit. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after transfusion. The secondary outcomes were 28-day mortality and pediatric intensive care unit length of stay. Odds ratios were adjusted for gender, age, number of organ dysfunctions at admission, total number of transfusions, and total dose of transfusion, using a multiple logistic regression model. Our study showed that for patients receiving blood stored ≥14 days, the adjusted odds ratio for an increased incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 1.87 (95% CI 1.04;3.27, p=0.03). There was also a significant difference in the total pediatric intensive care unit length of stay (adjusted median difference +3.7 days, p<0.001) but no significant change in mortality. In critically ill children, transfusion of red blood cell units stored for ≥14 days is independently associated with an increased occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and prolonged PICU stay.
Pokorná, Lenka. "Ošetřovatelské postupy u komplikované peritonitis." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404851.
Full textWillems, Ariane. "Comparaison entre deux stratégies transfusionnelles en postopératoire de chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3637.
Full textAnemia is frequent in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery. Despite frequent transfusions, the optimal hemoglobin threshold where benefits surpass risks is still unknown for these patients. Recently, Lacroix et al. showed that a restrictive transfusion strategy was not inferior to a liberal strategy concerning the development or progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality in pediatric intensive care patients. In the absence of evidence, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of a restrictive versus a liberal transfusion strategy on new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children following cardiac surgery. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the postoperative cardiac surgery patients of the Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (TRIPICU) study. Our study showed no statistically and clinically significant differences in the number of patients who acquired or worsened MODS, nor secondary outcomes between a restrictive and a liberal transfusion strategy. This subgroup analysis generates a research hypothesis that should be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.
Willems, Ariane. "Comparaison entre deux stratégies transfusionnellles en postopératoire de chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3637.
Full textAnemia is frequent in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery. Despite frequent transfusions, the optimal hemoglobin threshold where benefits surpass risks is still unknown for these patients. Recently, Lacroix et al. showed that a restrictive transfusion strategy was not inferior to a liberal strategy concerning the development or progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality in pediatric intensive care patients. In the absence of evidence, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of a restrictive versus a liberal transfusion strategy on new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children following cardiac surgery. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the postoperative cardiac surgery patients of the Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (TRIPICU) study. Our study showed no statistically and clinically significant differences in the number of patients who acquired or worsened MODS, nor secondary outcomes between a restrictive and a liberal transfusion strategy. This subgroup analysis generates a research hypothesis that should be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.