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Published: 8 February 2024

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1

D, Higgins Robert S., ed. The multi-organ donor: Selection and management. Abingdon, Oxon, England: Blackwell Science, 1997.

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2

Canadian Symposium on Multi-Organ Transplantation (1st 1988 University Hospital, London, Ont.). First Canadian symposium on multi-organ transplantation. Edited by Grant David R, Wall William J, Kucherawy Mary Ann, University of Western Ontario, University Hospital (London, Ont.), and Canadian Symposium on Multi-Organ Transplantation. London, Ont: SCITEX Publications, 1989.

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3

Szema, Anthony M., ed. World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59372-2.

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4

Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust., Bradford Hospitals NHS Trust. Renal Unit., and Great Britain. Department of Health., eds. Organ donation & transplantation: The multi-faith perspective : National Museum of Photography, Film and Television, Bradford, March 20 2000. Bradford: Renal Unit at the Bradford Hospitals NHS Trust, 2000.

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5

Davis, Stephanie Duggins, Margaret Rosenfeld, and James Chmiel. Cystic Fibrosis: A Multi-Organ System Approach. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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6

Davis, Stephanie Duggins, Margaret Rosenfeld, and James Chmiel. Cystic Fibrosis: A Multi-Organ System Approach. Humana, 2020.

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7

Baldwin, John, Juan Sanchez, and Marc Lorber. The Multi-Organ Donor: Selection and Management. Blackwell Science, Ltd. (UK), 1997.

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8

Mitchell P., M.D. Fink. The Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Multi-Organ Failure. Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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9

World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations. Springer, 2017.

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10

Szema, Anthony M. World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations. Springer, 2018.

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11

Higgins, Robert S. D., and Juan A. Sanchez, eds. The Multi-Organ Donor: A Guide to Selection, Preservation and Procurement. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97816810875661180301.

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12

Nahas, A. M. El. Renal Scarring - A Multi-Organ Approach to Fibrosis (Experimental Nephsology, 1995 , Vol 3, No 2-3). S. Karger AG (Switzerland), 1995.

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13

Jolly, Elaine, Andrew Fry, and Afzal Chaudhry, eds. Intensive care medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230457.003.0013.

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Chapter 13 covers the basic science and clinical topics relating to intensive care which trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training and demonstrate in the MRCP. It begins with an overview, before covering basic principles of critical illness, organ support in multi-organ failure, management of conditions specific to ICU, and withdrawal of therapy, brainstem death, and organ donation.
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14

Agarwal, Anil, Neil Borley, and Greg McLatchie. Transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608911.003.0009.

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15

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, and Gareth Morris-Stiff. Hormone therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0008.

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There are growing numbers of long-term survivors of increasingly complex anti-cancer treatments. This chapter summarises some of the complex, often multi-organ, late effects of modern cancer treatments.
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16

Rajagopal, Keshava, and Bartley P. Griffith. Intensive care management in cardiac transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0372.

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Cardiac transplant recipients are among the most complex critically-ill patients in the peri-transplant phase. In this chapter, a comprehensive multi-organ system review of heart transplant recipient management is undertaken, after a brief summary of the pre-implantation donor organ management and the conduct of the transplantation procedures themselves. Specific issues addressed that are unique to the transplant recipient include technical complications, primary allograft dysfunction, and hyperacute and acute allograft rejection. Since issues in heart and lung transplantation are reviewed separately, heart–lung transplantation is not discussed as an independent topic.
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17

Rajagopal, Keshava, and Bartley P. Griffith. Intensive care management in lung transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0373.

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Lung transplant recipients are among the most complex critically-ill patients in the peri-transplant phase. In this chapter, a comprehensive multi-organ system review of lung transplant recipient management is undertaken, after a brief summary of the pre-implantation donor organ management and the conduct of the transplantation procedures themselves. Specific issues addressed that are unique to the transplant recipient include technical complications, primary allograft dysfunction, and hyperacute and acute allograft rejection. Since issues in heart and lung transplantation are reviewed separately, heart-lung transplantation is not discussed as an independent topic.
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18

Hanspal, Rajiv S., and Peter Calder. Amputations and prostheses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.011003.

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♦ Amputation surgery should produce a new end-organ for locomotion with a prosthesis or interaction with the environment♦ The choice of amputation level should be based on healing, functional expectations, and prosthetic use♦ Success of rehabilitation depends on multi-disciplinary input and management of complications♦ The prostheses prescribed should depend on functional need and expectation.
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19

Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0017.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory multi-organ disorder, which can affect the nervous system either directly or indirectly, or as an adverse event secondary to the immunotherapies used to treat the disease. In this chapter, we review the diagnostic criteria for SLE, the possible ways it can affect the central and peripheral nervous systems, and therapeutic options.
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20

Wise, Matt, and Paul Frost. Role of the intensive care unit. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0148.

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The intensive care unit (ICU) can be defined as an area reserved for patients with potential or established organ failure and has the facilities for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of multi-organ failure. Usually, the ICU is located in close proximity to A & E, the radiology department, and the operating theatres, as it is between these areas that patient flows are greatest. In large urban hospitals, there may be more than one ICU, some of which serve specific patient populations, such as paediatrics, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery, liver failure, and burns. Many hospitals also have high-dependency units (HDUs) that offer higher nurse-to-patient ratios and more advanced monitoring than a general wards does, as well as limited organ support. In the UK, the distinctions between ICU, HDU, and general ward have been abandoned in favour of a classification based on the patient’s needs rather than their location.
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21

O’Neal, M. Angela. Postpartum Visual Disturbance. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0017.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a multi-organ system disorder defined as hypertension with blood pressures greater than 140/90 on two occasions and proteinuria of more than 300 mg/24 hours. Eclampsia is defined as when seizures occur in a woman with preeclampsia. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia/eclampsia is felt to be related to incomplete penetration of the cytotrophoblasts of the placenta into the myometrium, leading to local ischemia, propagation of ischemic factors causing hypertension, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. The clinical features are related to which end organ is involved: in the kidney, proteinuria; in the liver, coagulopathy; and in the brain, posterior white matter dysfunction. The involvement of the parietal and occipital lobes explains the associated neurological features of confusion and visual changes. MRI reflects the white matter changes associated with eclampsia in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Eclampsia is treated with blood pressure control and magnesium to treat the seizures.
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22

Kortgen, Andreas, and Michael Bauer. Hepatic function in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0175.

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The liver with its parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells plays a key role in the organism with manifold functions of metabolism, synthesis, detoxification, excretion, and host response. This requires a portfolio of different tests to obtain an overview of hepatic function. In the critically ill hepatic dysfunction is common and potentially leading to extrahepatic organ dysfunctions culminating in multi-organ failure. Conventional laboratory measures are used to evaluate hepatocellular damage, cholestasis, or synthesis. They provide valuable (differential) diagnostic data and can yield prognostic information in chronic liver diseases, especially when used in scoring systems such as the ‘model for end-stage liver disease’. However, they have short-comings in the critically ill in assessing rapid changes in hepatic function and liver blood flow. In contrast, dynamic quantitative liver function tests measure current liver function with respect to the ability to eliminate and/or metabolize a specific substance. In addition, they are dependent on sinusoidal blood flow. Liver function tests have prognostic significance in the critically ill and may be used to guide therapy.
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23

Grundy, Seamus. Pleural infection and malignancy. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0143.

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Pleural infection transitions from simple parapneumonic effusion, to complex parapneumonic effusion, to empyema. Primary empyema occurs without an underlying pneumonic process. Pleural infection commonly presents identically to pneumonia with dyspnoea, purulent sputum, and fevers. It may be associated with pleuritic chest pain. Empyema can cause systemic sepsis, leading to cardiovascular instability and multi-organ failure. A malignant pleural effusion arises when malignant cells infiltrate the pleura, resulting in increased production and decreased lymphatic drainage of pleural fluid. Malignant pleural effusions are either metastatic or primary mesothelioma. This chapter discusses pleural infection, malignant pleural effusion, and mesothelioma, focusing on etiology, symptoms, demographics, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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24

Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Infection and inflammation. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0027.

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Pathophysiology of sepsis and multi-organ failure 462Infection control—general principles 464HIV 466Severe falciparum malaria 468Vasculitides in the ICU 470Source control 472Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) 474Markers of infection 476Adrenal insufficiency and sepsis 478Infectious agents entering the body lead to local inflammation, pus and abscess formation, and affect the whole body through systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation is recognized by the presence of fever, abnormal WCC, and increased heart and respiratory rate, and is known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). If SIRS is due to infection (as distinct from other causes such as pancreatitis, burns or major trauma) it is defined as sepsis....
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25

Ackland, Gareth L. Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0310.

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The neurohormonal physiological response to various stressors is pivotal for maintaining homeostasis. However, the advent of modern critical care has distorted evolutionary biology by generating the entirely new (patho)physiological entity of critical illness. By extending the biological features of the ‘fight or flight’ response beyond the acute phase, distinct neurohormonal, and immune profiles have become increasingly apparent. Both direct and off-target effects of neurohormonal control on immune function are implicated in the disruption of bidirectional links between neurohormones and immune effectors that limit organ dysfunction. Iatrogenic factors introduced by critical care therapy may exacerbate neurohormonal dysregulation, further distorting the biology of the ‘fight or flight’ response. Neural mechanisms underlying this newly-characterized clinical syndrome remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the same neurohormonal responses are chronically dysregulated in pre-existing comorbidities diseases associated with an increased risk of sepsis, multi-organ failure and critical illness. Off-target local immune effects may explain the failure of clinical trials aimed at altering systemic neurohormonal physiology. Recent laboratory and translational human clinical studies, particularly in diseases characterized by chronic neurohormonal dysregulation, have provided new insights into the possibility of therapeutic interventions that could minimize the pathophysiological features of critical illness.
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26

Wise, Matt, and Paul Frost. ICU treatment of acute kidney injury. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0151.

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Traditionally, the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) is considered in terms of prerenal, renal, and obstructive causes. However, this categorization is less useful in the ICU, where the etiology of AKI is usually multifactorial and often occurs in the context of multi-organ failure. Hypotension, nephrotoxic drugs, and severe sepsis or septic shock are the most important identifiable factors. Less frequently encountered causes include pancreatitis, abdominal compartment syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis. Primary intrinsic renal disease such as glomerulonephritis is extremely uncommon. A previous history of cirrhosis, cardiac failure, or haematological malignancy, and age >65 years, are important risk factors. This chapter covers symptoms, complications, diagnosis, investigations, prognosis, and treatment of renal failure in the ITU.
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27

Lameire, Norbert. Yellow fever, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, and H1N1 influenza infections. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0190_update_001.

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Serious yellow fever infections are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) on the basis of haemorrhagic shock with acute tubular necrosis, although a direct viral effect on renal tissue has been suggested. A single yellow fever vaccination provides sufficient immunity against the disease, negating the need for booster vaccinations every 10 years; vaccination failures are extremely rare. Severe SARS infections may be complicated by multi-organ dysfunction syndrome including AKI. Hypotension caused by nosocomial infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, or SARS per se, and rhabdomyolysis were associated with AKI in addition to prerenal factors. Serious H1N1 viral infections are often complicated by AKI (mostly caused by acute tubular necrosis and rhabdomyolysis) with a need for renal replacement therapy. Timely oseltamivir administration has a beneficial effect on outcomes in hospitalized adults with H1N1 infection.
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28

Niazi, Imran Khalid, and Navin Ramachandran. Imaging the abdomen in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0174.

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Abdominal evaluation of the critically-ill patient is challenging. The patient may have a vague presentation, sometimes with a poor clinical history, few localizing signs, multiple co-morbidities and multi-organ involvement. Often the patient will require resuscitation prior to diagnostic work-up, and support devices such as mechanical ventilators and haemofilters may hamper assessment. Such unreliability of clinical indicators and the myriad of abdominal pathologies in a critically-ill patient may lead to diagnostic uncertainty with consequent delays in treatment. These challenges make imaging one of the most critical steps in the management of such patients. The optimal imaging pathway should be sensitive, specific, and minimize delay in therapy, but should also account for the patient’s clinical state and overall radiation dose. The modalities that have a role in abdominal evaluation of the critically ill are covered in this chapter.
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29

Patel, Sameer, and Julia Wendon. Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0194.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening clinical syndrome, resulting in loss of hepatic metabolic and immunological function, in a person with no prior history of liver disease. Mortality can still exceed 50%. ALF is characterized by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and coagulopathy, occurring within days or weeks. Establishing aetiology is essential for treatment, prognostication, and liver transplantation consideration. Viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver failure are the two commonest causes worldwide. Aetiology and time of onset of encephalopathy determines prognosis. Disease progression can rapidly result in multi-organ failure. Ammonia has been postulated in the development of HE, cerebral oedema and intracranial hypertension. Coagulopathy can be highly variable, with some patients prothrombotic, or exhibiting balanced coagulation disorders. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and associated infection are frequently observed. Significant haemodynamic changes are common while renal failure is an independent risk factor for mortality. Respiratory failure is less common. Deranged homeostasis results in severe hypoglycaemia, and metabolic disturbance.
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30

Sakhuja, Vinay, and Harbir Singh Kohli. Malaria. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0183_update_001.

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Of the four pathogenic malarial species, clinically significant renal dysfunction is mainly associated with Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum infections.P. falciparum infection frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may be the sole manifestation with a complete recovery after treatment or it may be a part of multi-organ failure which is often fatal. AKI due to Plasmodium vivax infection alone or as a result of mixed infection by vivax and falciparum can also occur.‘Quartan malarial nephropathy’ has been attributed to P. malariae infection although this relationship must be regarded as not proven. It describes nephropathy occurring predominantly in children and young adults in Africa. A full-blown nephrotic syndrome is seen in about half the patients and a chronic progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is usually seen on histology. Spontaneous remission of established nephropathy is rare, and most patients slowly progress to end-stage renal failure over 3 to 5 years even after successful eradication of the infection. The pathological description is such that it could have alternative aetiologies, including other infections.
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31

Sakhuja, Vinay, and Harbir Singh Kohli. Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0184_update_001.

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Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, has an insidious onset with constitutional features. Subsequently the intense parasitism of the reticuloendothelial system causes hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopaenia as well as hypergammaglobulinaemia. Kidney involvement manifests with proteinuria up to 1 g/24 hours, micro/macrohaematuria, and leucocyturia. Kidney involvement is generally mild and reversible with the treatment of infection. Biopsy appearances of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferation, and occasionally focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescents have been described. Defects of urinary concentration and acidification have also been observed. Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be seen in one-third of patients and is associated with increased mortality.Trypanosomiasis has two forms. It causes sleeping sickness in Africa (T. brucei, transmitted by tsetse flies) or Chagas disease in South America (T. cruzei, transmitted by reduvid bugs). There is no direct association of these conditions with nephropathy, although there is in experimental models. AKI may occur, typically as a manifestation of multi-organ failure in African trypanosomiasis. APOL1 genotypes that confer susceptibility to FSGS are protective against T. brucei infection.
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32

Zingg, Walter, and Stephan Harbarth. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of device-related infection in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0288.

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Many patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) suffer from health care-associated infections. Age, immunosuppression, neutropenia, or multi-organ failure are preconditions, but health care-associated infections are largely related to the use of medical devices. Breaches of aseptic technique are the most important risk factor. Central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections represent up to 75% of all health care-associated infections in the ICU. Ease of diagnosis and effective prevention strategies make the central line-associated bloodstream infection a model of how to diagnose, treat, and prevent health care-associated infections. Identification of ventilator-associated pneumonia is less straightforward and suffers from inconsistent definitions, making surveillance and benchmarking difficult. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is underestimated in the ICU because clinical signs cannot be assessed in sedated patients. Antibiotic overuse in the ICU selects for multidrug-resistant micro-organisms and thus, broad-spectrum antibiotics must be used to offer empiric treatment of health care-associated infections. Accurate microbiology testing aiming at isolating causative micro-organisms is key to de-escalate antibiotic therapy. Health care-associated infections are preventable, many factors. Successful prevention programmes offer a comprehensive protocol, follow a multidisciplinary approach in preparation, and a multimodal training and education programme in implementation.
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33

Nakai, You. Reminded by the Instruments. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686765.001.0001.

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David Tudor (1926–1996) is remembered today in two guises: as an extraordinary pianist of postwar avant-garde music who worked closely with composers like John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen, influencing the development of graphic notation and indeterminacy; and as a spirited pioneer of live-electronic music who realized idiosyncratic performances based on the interaction of homemade modular instruments, inspiring an entire generation of musicians. However, the fact that Tudor himself did not talk or write much about what he was doing, combined with the esoteric nature of electronic circuits and schematics (for musicologists), has prevented any comprehensive approach to the entirety of his output which actually began with the organ and ended in visual art. As a result, Tudor has remained a puzzle of sorts in spite of his profound influence—perhaps a pertinent status for a figure who was known for his deep love of puzzles. This book sets out to solve the puzzle of David Tudor as a puzzle that David Tudor made, applying Tudor’s own methods for approaching other people’s materials to the unusually large number of materials that he himself left behind. Patching together instruments, circuits, sketches, notes, diagrams, recordings, receipts, letters, custom declaration forms, testimonies, and recollections like modular pieces of a giant puzzle, the narrative skips over the misleading binary of performer/composer to present a lively portrait of Tudor as a multi-instrumentalist who always realized his music from the nature of specific instruments.
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34

Barsoum, Rashad S. Schistosomiasis. Edited by Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0182_update_001.

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AbstractSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects millions of people in 78 countries, where it is held responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. It is caused by a blood fluke, which provokes an immunological response to hundreds of its antigens. This induces multi-organ pathology through the formation of tissue granulomata or circulating immune complexes. In addition, it is amyloidogenic and carcinogenic, through the interaction of immunological perturbation with confounding metabolic and genetic factors. The primary targets of schistosomiasis are urinary and hepatointestinal.The lower urinary tract is mainly affected in S. haematobium infection, and may lead to chronic pyelonephritis and/or obstructive nephropathy. The colon and liver are the targets of S. mansoni and S. japonicum infection, leading to hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension, and liver failure. S. mansoni may also lead to immune complex glomerulonephritis, which is discussed elsewhere. Both S. haematobium and S. mansoni ova may be carried with the venous circulation to the lungs, where they provoke granulomatous and immune-mediated endothelial injury leading to cor-pulmonale. Ova may be subsequently carried with the arterial circulation to form ‘metastatic’ granulomas in other tissues, notably the brain (S. japonicum), spinal cord (S. haematobium), skin, conjunctiva, and genital organs.Schistosomiasis is preventable. World Health Organization programmes have successfully eradicated or reduced the incidence of infection in many countries, particularly Egypt and China. Prevention strategies include health education, raising hygiene standards, and interruption of the parasite’s life cycle by snail control and mass treatment. The search for a vaccine continues. Effective antiparasitic treatment is now possible with high elimination rates. Available agents include praziquantel and artemether for all species, metrifonate for S. haematobium, and oxamniquine for S. mansoni. Successful outcome correlates with early intervention, before fibrosis has occurred.
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35

Hatje, Armin, and Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, eds. Europäisches Organisations- und Verfassungsrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748908579.

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<b>Die Europäische Union</b> ist eingebettet in einen weiten Kreis von Organisationen. Verdichtete Kooperationen in Gestalt der sektoriellen Abkommen EU-Schweiz, der SAA, der Östlichen Partnerschaft, des Assoziierungsabkommens EU-Türkei und der Mittelmeerunion ergänzen das Bild. Das <b>Handbuch „Europäisches Organisations- und Verfassungsrecht“</b> erfasst die verschiedenen Strukturansätze der europäischen Organisationen unter besonderer Beachtung des Verfassungsrechts der Europäischen Union in ihren Eigenheiten und in ihren Bezügen in einer systematischen Bestandsaufnahme der wichtigsten europäischen Organisationen und Kooperationen. Die unterschiedlichen Rechtsprobleme werden verortet und systemgerechte Lösungsansätze angeboten. <b>Die 2. Auflage</b> bezieht alle aktuell wichtigen multi- und bilaterale Kooperationen, die einer grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit dienen, mit ein. Wichtige <b>neue Organisationsentwicklungen </b>sind berücksichtigt, so der zentrale Vollzug nationalen Rechts als neues und umstrittenes Vollzugsmodell oder die streitigen Fragen rund um die Energiegemeinschaften (Transits russischen Gases nach Europa; Ukraine-Konflikt; Vertragsstreit Serbien und Kosovo). Das Konfliktmanagement durch die OSZE im Ukraine-Konflikt bildet ebenso einen Schwerpunkt wie die Vorrechte und Immunitäten der OSZE-Institutionen. Der Austritt Großbritanniens ist durchgängig berücksichtigt. <b>Auf neuesten Stand</b> behandelt sind: Integrationstheoretischen Grundlagen des Europarechts und Prinzipienordnung Verfassungs- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der europäischen Integration Grundfreiheiten und Wettbewerbsordnung der EU, Europäischer Stabilitätsmechanismus Mitgliedschafts-, Finanz-, Organ- ,Gesetzgebungs- und Verwaltungsvollzugsordnung der EU Unionsbürgerschaft und Grundrechtsschutz in der EU Europäischer Wirtschaftsraum (EWR) -Europarat und Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention Europäische Atomgemeinschaft, Energiegemeinschaft, Eurocontrol Benelux-Union, Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Europäischen Union und der Schweiz, Stabilisierungs- und Assoziationsabkommen mit Südosteuropa, Östliche Partnerschaft, Abkommen mit der Türkei, Europa-Mittelmeer Abkommen Europäische Freihandelszone, Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (CEFTA), Nordischer Rat und Nordischer Ministerrat, Ostseerat Organisationen: OECD, OSZE, WEU,NATO, GUS, Europäische Patentorganisation <b>Neue Kapitel</b> kamen hinzu: Völkerrechtliche Grundlagen des Europarechts Rechtswissenschaftliche Anforderungen des Europarechts Vertragsziele der EU Das Recht der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion Das Recht des auswärtigen Handelns der Union Agenturordnung EU-Grönland EU-Mikrostaaten EU-Britannien Europäische Normungsorganisationen Eurasische Wirtschaftsunion
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