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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-layered structures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Dayan, I., J. F. Gouyet, and S. Havlin. "Percolation in multi-layered structures." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 24, no. 6 (March 21, 1991): L287—L293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/24/6/007.

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2

Parteli, Eric J. R., Luciano R. da Silva, and José S. Andrade Jr. "Self-organized percolation in multi-layered structures." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2010, no. 03 (March 26, 2010): P03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2010/03/p03026.

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3

Saraswat, Harshvardhan, Amit Rawal, and Rajendra Singh. "Tensile behaviour of multi-layered braided structures." Journal of Materials Science 49, no. 18 (June 19, 2014): 6427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8372-3.

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4

HSUEH, W. J. "FORCED RESPONSE ANALYSIS FOR MULTI-LAYERED STRUCTURES." Journal of Sound and Vibration 227, no. 1 (October 1999): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2362.

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5

Cory, H., and C. Zach. "Wave propagation in metamaterial multi-layered structures." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 40, no. 6 (2004): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20005.

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6

Zeipl, R., M. Jelínek, J. Walachová, T. Kocourek, and M. Vlček. "Thermoelectric Properties of Ce0.09Fe0.67Co3.33Sb12/FeSb2Te Multi-Layered Structures." Journal of Computer and Communications 01, no. 07 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2013.17001.

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7

Pechprasarn, Suejit, and Naphat Albutt. "Multiple Reflections Modeling for Multi-Layered Optical Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.299.

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Fresnel equations and transfer matrix approach are usually employed to solve for exact solution to Maxwell’s equations for multi-layered optical structures. In this paper, we demonstrate that the Fresnel equations and transfer matrix approach can be expanded using Geometric series. This geometric series give an insight to how the light is trapped and behaves in multi-layered optical structures. It also allows us to calculate multiple reflections and count the number of round-trip inside the structure. One main issue in optical calculation is that layers are usually treated as an infinitely large layer. This is, of course, not practical in term of device fabrication. We also demonstrate how this simple geometric calculation will enable us to calculate a smallest practical size that can accommodate a required optical resonant effect.

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8

Ruderman, M. S., B. Roberts, E. N. Pelinovsky, and N. S. Petrukhin. "Slow solitary waves in multi-layered magnetic structures." Physics of Plasmas 8, no. 6 (June 2001): 2682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371520.

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9

Khapaev, M. M., M. Yu Kupriyanov, E. Goldobin, and M. Siegel. "Current distribution simulation for superconducting multi-layered structures." Superconductor Science and Technology 16, no. 1 (November 25, 2002): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/16/1/305.

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10

Mahanthesh, K. M., and B. O. Naveen. "Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Layered Grid Space Structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1006 (December 25, 2020): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1006/1/012024.

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Powell, D. J., G. Hayward, and R. Y. Ting. "Unidimensional modeling of multi-layered piezoelectric transducer structures." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 45, no. 3 (May 1998): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.677611.

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12

Yu, Xu, Zhicheng Shan, Haiyang Zhuang, and Guoxing Chen. "Comparative Experiment and Analysis of a Base-Isolated Structure with Small Aspect Ratio on Multi-Layered Soft Soil Foundation and Rigid Foundation." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 27, 2023): 8693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118693.

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Through conducting a comparative experimental study of small-aspect-ratio isolated structure models on multi-layered soft soil foundations and rigid foundations, this paper investigates the influence of soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects on the seismic response of small-aspect-ratio isolated structures on multi-layered soft soil foundations. An energy balance equation for isolated structure systems considering SSI effects is proposed, and the impact of SSI effects on the energy dissipation response of small-aspect-ratio isolated structures on multi-layered soft soil foundations is analyzed in depth. The analysis results reveal that SSI effects on multi-layered soft soil foundations reduce the first-order natural frequency of the isolated structure system and significantly increase the damping ratio of the system. Furthermore, the rotational effect of the isolated structure foundation is significant on multi-layered soft soil foundations, and the isolation layer has a certain amplification effect on the rotational effect of the foundation. The study shows that SSI effects on multi-layered soft soil foundations may either increase or decrease the seismic response of isolated structures. Moreover, due to the influence of SSI effects, the ratios of kinetic energy, damping energy dissipation, and hysteresis deformation energy dissipation of the isolated structure on multi-layered soft soil foundations are significantly different from those on rigid foundations. The research concludes that the influence of SSI effects is more significant during large earthquakes, where the ratios of kinetic energy and damping energy dissipation of the isolated structure increase, the hysteresis deformation energy dissipation ratio of the isolation layer decreases, and the magnitude of the decrease is related to the characteristics of the input seismic motion. This research has significant implications for improving the seismic design theory of small-aspect-ratio isolated structures on multi-layered soft soil foundations.

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13

van den Bos, Barend, Stefan Sahlén, and Joakim Andersson. "Automatic scanning with multi‐frequency eddy current on multi‐layered structures." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 75, no. 5 (October 2003): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00022660310492573.

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14

Ozen, Ilhan. "Multi-layered Breathable Fabric Structures with Enhanced Water Resistance." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 4 (December 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700402.

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This work reports waterproof breathable layered fabrics consisting of simple fabric weave types (plain, twill) and microporous breathable films. The pretreated fabrics were treated with water-repellent finishing chemicals. Afterwards, layered structures were generated by bringing the fabrics and the microporous breathable films together. According to the results of water repellency, hydrostatic pressure (water resistancy) and water vapor permeability tests conducted on the samples with/without microporous film layers, waterproof breathable layered fabrics were able to be generated, which are supposed to be used as construction materials.

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15

Che, Quanwei, Ping Xu, Zhixiang Li, Wen Ma, and Shuguang Yao. "Crashworthiness analysis of a multi-layered bi-directionally corrugated steel plates structure." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042095015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420950158.

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This paper proposed a multi-layered bi-directionally corrugated plates structure (BCPS) for energy absorption. Quasi-static compression experiments and finite element method (FEM) were used to investigate the crushing performance of the multi-layered BCPS. The results showed that the multi-layered BCPS had very small initial peak crushing force, and the fluctuation of force was very small during the whole compression process. These characteristics made the multi-layered BCPS more advantageous in crashworthiness than traditional structures. It was also found that the crushing performance of the multi-layered BCPS was very sensitive to the geometrical parameters, such as the number of the cellular structures along the width nc, the number of plates nl, and the ratio of width of small square ws to width of big square wb of the pyramid cell η. Therefore, parameters optimization was carried out using the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to find the best geometrical configuration of the structure. After optimization, the optimum parameters nc = 5, nl = 11 and η = 0.38 was obtained. The specific energy absorption increased by 143.76% compared with the initial configuration.

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16

Dodwell, T. J., G. W. Hunt, M. A. Peletier, and C. J. Budd. "Multi-layered folding with voids." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1965 (April 28, 2012): 1740–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0340.

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In the deformation of layered materials such as geological strata, or stacks of paper, mechanical properties compete with the geometry of layering. Smooth, rounded corners lead to voids between the layers, while close packing of the layers results in geometrically induced curvature singularities. When voids are penalized by external pressure, the system is forced to trade off these competing effects, leading to sometimes striking periodic patterns. In this paper, we construct a simple model of geometrically nonlinear multi-layered structures under axial loading and pressure confinement, with non-interpenetration conditions separating the layers. Energy minimizers are characterized as solutions of a set of fourth-order nonlinear differential equations with contact-force Lagrange multipliers, or equivalently of a fourth-order free-boundary problem. We numerically investigate the solutions of this free-boundary problem and compare them with the periodic solutions observed experimentally.

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17

Bai, Shuang, and Jian Liu. "Femtosecond Laser Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material Layered Structures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030979.

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Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of a multi-material multi-layer structure was investigated using femtosecond fiber lasers. A thin layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and a Ni–YSZ layer were additively manufactured to form the electrolyte and anode support of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). A lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) layer was then added to form a basic three layer cell. This single step process eliminates the need for binders and post treatment. Parameters including laser power, scan speed, scan pattern, and hatching space were systematically evaluated to obtain optimal density and porosity. This is the first report to build a complete and functional fuel cell by using the LAM approach.

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18

Szalai, D., and T. Horváth. "Design of multi-layered building structures using BIM method." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1218, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1218/1/012055.

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Abstract Today BIM is an inevitable concept in construction design and while the workflow of consultant designers is mostly influenced to a small extent, new methods require a new kind of communication between them. This research focuses on the workflows of construction designers because their design works have a big impact on many other disciplines. This paper presents an examination about the processing methods of the building structure designers and the use of BIM with a questionnaire survey. In this research, a new way was also introduced to integrate definitions of multi-layered structures (created by construction designers) into the BIM/CAD model itself. The goal was to allow the data in the layer structure documents to be automatically linked to the model, and make it possible for all collaborators to continue working with the data separately. This paper proofs that this automated workflow greatly increases efficiency, accuracy and reduces human errors. ArchiCAD and Excel were used as our development framework: former one to create CAD/BIM models, latter one to handle the database of multi-layered structures. Individual codes were used to identify each unit of the layer structure and link them to the model itself. This way, it is not necessary to manually add the data to the elements, but the material properties can be read automatically into the model and the quantities can be measured. Similar scale, size, and complexity buildings were selected as a test environment where the ordinary and the new method were used in parallel throughout the design process. This provided a good comparison and demonstrated the effectiveness of database-based design. With the new approach, time required for first-round quantification was reduced by 41% and the time of a repeated quantification due to modifications was reduced by 56%, in average.

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19

Park, Sung Woo, Jong Woo Rhee, Weon Keun Song, and Moon Kyum Kim. "Dynamic Behavior of Underground Structures in Multi-Layered Media." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.78.

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This study performs dynamic analysis of underground structures on multi-layered half planes in frequency domain by using the coupled finite and boundary element method. The near field including underground structures is modeled with onventional finite elements, while the far field is modeled with boundary elements which satisfies radiation conditions. In evaluating the dynamic fundamental solutions, semi-analytical solutions due to line loads are employed. Therefore, the range of wavenumber integration can be reduced significantly. These solutions satisfy the reflection and transmission conditions of waves at each layer interface, so that the multi-region problem can be analyzed. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

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20

Tao, Guoqiao, Cedric Ouvrard, Helene Chauveau, and Som Nath. "Experimental study of carrier transport in multi-layered structures." Microelectronics Reliability 47, no. 4-5 (April 2007): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2007.01.051.

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21

Du, Fengyi, Jing Yuan, Miaomiao Zhang, Jianan Li, Zhou zhou, Zhang Li, Mulan Cao, et al. "Nitrogen-doped carbon dots with heterogeneous multi-layered structures." RSC Advances 4, no. 71 (August 12, 2014): 37536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06818a.

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22

Levy-Yurista, G., and A. A. Friesem. "Dual spectral filters with multi-layered grating waveguide structures." Applied Physics B 72, no. 8 (June 2001): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400100588.

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23

Guobys, Remigijus, Vladas Vekteris, and Vadim Moksin. "Experimental evaluation of proposed multi-layered structure fire test methodology." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190906231g.

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The paper presents results of numerical simulation and fire tests of multi-layered structures carried out under real fire conditions. It has been shown that fire test carried out according to ISO 834 standard differs from fire test conducted under real fire conditions. A new fire test methodology has been proposed. It is suggested to use real fire temperatures during fire tests to avoid accidents and allow occupants to evacuate the building safely. ISO fire test standard should be improved visibly. Structural solutions to reduce temperatures and temperature deformations of multi-layered structures during fire are also reviewed. It was established that the gypsum layer should be placed in the middle of multi-layered structure in order to cool the structure more efficiently during fire.

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24

Xie, Weidong, and Suresh K. Sitaraman. "Interfacial Thermal Stress Analysis of Anisotropic Multi-Layered Electronic Packaging Structures." Journal of Electronic Packaging 122, no. 1 (December 12, 1999): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483133.

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The presence of dissimilar material systems and thermal gradients introduce thermal stresses in multi-layered electronic assemblies and packages during fabrication and operation. The high stress gradients near the free edge of bonding interfaces of such structures may cause cracking and delamination leading to the failure or malfunction of electronic assemblies and packages. A simple but accurate engineering approach for the calculation of interlaminar thermal stresses due to thermal mismatch in multi-layered structures is needed so that designers can determine interlaminar thermal stresses easily without much computational efforts. A few approaches based on the generalized deformation theory have been published but most of them are only suitable for structures with symmetric layers. For electronic packages and assemblies, unsymmetric layers are often used. An improved approach, Classical Laminate Theory-Edge Stress Shape (CLT-ESS), for prediction of interlaminar thermal stresses that can be applied to multi-layered structures with unsymmetric layers is presented. Comparisons are made with finite element analysis results and are found to be favorable. The proposed approach provides an efficient way for the calculation of interlaminar thermal stresses. [S1043-7398(00)00901-4]

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25

Chu, Xiao Jie, Fei Yu, Shan Xiong Chen, and Zhang Jun Dai. "Study on Characteristics of Additional Stress and Bearing Capacity of Multi-Layered Foundation in Northern Anhui." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2651.

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The shortage of foundation bearing capacity would pose damage to miniature structures on highway, threatening the security of highway. Layered foundations are widely distributed in Northern Anhui, the traditional methods of computing the bearing capacity and additional stress disagree with the situation of complexity and uncertainty multi-layered foundation. To study the characteristics of additional stress and bearing capacity of multi-layered foundation in Northern Anhui using numerical method of FLAC3D and analyze the influencing factors of soil structure, soil thickness and basis width on the diffusion laws and bearing capacity. The results can be references in the site survey and engineering design of multi-layered foundation.

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26

Alotaibi, Hatim, Masoud Jabbari, Chamil Abeykoon, and Constantinos Soutis. "Numerical Investigation of Multi-scale Characteristics of Single and Multi-layered Woven Structures." Applied Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-022-10010-x.

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AbstractResin flow through multi-ply woven fabrics is affected by the fibre orientation and laminate stacking sequence during the impregnation process. This is characterised by permeability, which measures the ability of transferring fluids within a 2D or 3D layered woven fibre architecture (i.e., through a porous medium). The work aims to investigate the feasibility of characterising macro-scale flow permeability via the micro-meso-scale (dual-scale) permeability across and along woven yarns, with different structures of yarn nesting, non-shifting, and ply orientation. The permeability characterisation is performed using Ansys-Fluent software package where textile architectures and resin flow in porous media are simulated. The results show that in- and out-plane permeability of the nested, non-shifted and oriented single-ply woven preforms are different than that corresponding to multi-layered plates, making them only applicable for dual-scale permeabilities. However, with a number of plies in the multi-ply woven fabrics — e.g., 9-ply and 5-ply, for in- and out-of-plane flows, respectively — the dual-scale permeabilities can be extended to macro-flow making them applicable at all scales (multi-scale flow). The calculated in-plane multi-scale permeabilities are then used in the 2D simulations and compared with the analytical solution of the Darcy’s equation, which resulted in a very good agreement.

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27

Xu, Rongnian, Mutian Hua, Shuwang Wu, Shuanhong Ma, Yunlei Zhang, Liqiang Zhang, Bo Yu, Meirong Cai, Ximin He, and Feng Zhou. "Continuously growing multi-layered hydrogel structures with seamless interlocked interface." Matter 5, no. 2 (February 2022): 634–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.11.018.

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28

Deibert, Wendelin, Mariya E. Ivanova, Yuanye Huang, Rotraut Merkle, Joachim Maier, and Wilhelm A. Meulenberg. "Fabrication of multi-layered structures for proton conducting ceramic cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 5 (2022): 2362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta05240c.

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We show manufacturing of 25 cm2 BZCY half-cells by tape-casting of assemblies with electrolyte thickness 10–20 μm. BaY2NiO5 transient liquid phase formation is analysed and proton conductivity with values of σ = 0.003 S cm−1 at 600 °C is shown.

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29

Gilabert, F. A., and A. Castellanos. "Molecular dynamics simulations of homogeneous solids using multi-layered structures." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 83, no. 1 (June 11, 2008): 10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/83/10003.

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30

Genov, Dentcho A., and Pattabhiraju C. Mundru. "Quasi-effective medium theory for multi-layered magneto-dielectric structures." Journal of Optics 16, no. 1 (November 18, 2013): 015101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/16/1/015101.

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31

Bae, Jinho. "The block Schur algorithm for designing optical multi-layered structures." Optics Communications 272, no. 1 (April 2007): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.10.085.

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32

Kotelko, M., K. Kowal-Michalska, T. Kubiak, Z. Kolakowski, and R. Gradzki. "Estimation of load-carrying capacity of multi-layered plated structures." Thin-Walled Structures 46, no. 7-9 (July 2008): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2008.01.037.

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33

Wang, Y., and R. G. Pratt. "Seismic Amplitude Inversion for Interface Geometry of Multi-layered Structures." Pure and Applied Geophysics 157, no. 10 (October 2000): 1601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001052.

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34

Belyayev, Yu N. "Analytical solutions for multi-wave transfer matrices in layered structures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1092 (September 2018): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1092/1/012008.

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35

Ceyssens, Frederik, and Robert Puers. "Creating multi-layered structures with freestanding parts in SU-8." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 16, no. 6 (May 9, 2006): S19—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/16/6/s04.

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36

Xiao, Z. M., J. F. Zhao, and H. Fan. "Zener–Stroh crack at the interface of multi-layered structures." International Journal of Fracture 133, no. 4 (June 2005): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-005-6701-x.

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37

Le Ferrand, Hortense, Florian Bouville, and André R. Studart. "Design of textured multi-layered structures via magnetically assisted slip casting." Soft Matter 15, no. 19 (2019): 3886–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00390h.

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38

Şahiner, Baris, Sunullah Özbek, Tarik Baykara, and Alpaslan Demirural. "Advanced Layered Composite Structures for Underwater Acoustic Applications." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.15954.

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The detection of underwater objects is one of the most critical technologies, and there have been constant efforts for developing sophisticated sonar systems in naval warfare. Against such efforts, the countermeasure of hiding underwater vehicles, equipment and weapons is another technological challenge. One of the effective countermeasures against sonic detection for the submarines and other underwater objects, such as naval mines, is to employ composite/hybrid materials to prevent ease of detection. Geometrical forms, shapes and layers, along with the tuning of the acoustical impedance, lead to a considerable decrease of the sonar signals via absorption of the sonic waves. In this study, an original and novel design of multi-layered composite/hybrid structure was developed and underwater acoustic testing procedures of reflection, transmission and scattering were applied in 80 kHz100 kHz frequency range. The findings obtained in this study showed that the multi-layered composite/hybrid materials with porous structure possess much lower values in millivolt than steel plates and might be potential candidates as covering and/or casing materials for underwater mines to reduce the acoustical signature against detection and identification.

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39

Toyen, Donruedee, Ekachai Wimolmala, and Kiadtisak Saenboonruang. "Multi-Layered Composites of Natural Rubber (NR) and Bismuth Oxide (Bi2O3) with Enhanced X-Ray Shielding and Mechanical Properties." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 17, 2023): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122717.

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Due to rapid increases in the utilization of radiation and nuclear technologies, effective and suitable radiation-shielding materials have become one of the most sought-after options to protect users and the public from excessive exposure to the radiation. However, most radiation-shielding materials have greatly reduced mechanical properties after the addition of fillers, resulting in their limited useability and shortened lifetime. Therefore, this work aimed to alleviate such drawbacks/limitations by exploring a possible method to simultaneously enhance both the X-ray shielding and mechanical properties of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3)/natural rubber (NR) composites through multi-layered structures, with varying (1–5) layers and a total combined thickness of 10 mm. To correctly determine the effects of the multi-layered structures on the properties of NR composites, the formulation and layer configuration for all multi-layered samples were tailored such that their theoretical X-ray shielding properties were equal to those of a single-layered sample that contained 200 phr Bi2O3. The results indicated that the multi-layered Bi2O3/NR composites with neat NR sheets on both outer layers (sample-D, sample-F, sample-H, and sample-I) had noticeably higher tensile strength and elongation at break than those of the other designs. Furthermore, all multi-layered samples (sample-B to sample-I), regardless of the layer structure, had enhanced X-ray shielding properties compared to those with a single layer (sample-A), as shown by their higher values of the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) and lead equivalence (Pbeq) and the lower value of the half-value layer (HVL) in the former. This work also determined the effects of thermal aging on relevant properties for all samples, with the results revealing that all the thermal-aged composites had higher values for the tensile modulus but lower values for the swelling percentage, tensile strength, and elongation at break, compared with the non-aged composites. Hence, based on the overall outcomes from this work, it could be concluded that the worrisome decreases in mechanical properties of the common single-layered NR composites after the addition of Bi2O3 could be prevented/reduced by introducing appropriate multi-layered structures, which would not only widen potential applications but also prolong the lifetime of the composites.

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40

Lio, Giuseppe Emanuele, Giovanna Palermo, Roberto Caputo, and Antonio De Luca. "A comprehensive optical analysis of nanoscale structures: from thin films to asymmetric nanocavities." RSC Advances 9, no. 37 (2019): 21429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03684a.

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41

Huang, Da, and Zhiyong Yu. "On the Consensus Performance of Multi-Layered MASs with Various Graph Parameters—From the Perspective of Cardinalities of Vertex Sets." Entropy 25, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010040.

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This work studies the first-order coherence of noisy multi-agent networks with multi-layered structures. The coherence, which is a sort of performance index of networks, can be seen as a sort of measurement for a system’s robustness. Graph operations are applied to design the novel multi-layered networks, and a graph spectrum approach, along with analysis methods, is applied to derive the mathematical expression of the coherence, and the corresponding asymptotic results on the performance index have been obtained. In addition, the coherence of these non-isomorphic multi-layered networks with three different graph parameters are compared and analyzed. We find that, when the cardinalities of the vertex sets of corresponding counterpart layers are the same, the multi-layered topology class with a balanced, complete, multi-partite structure has the best robustness of all the considered networks, if the sufficient conditions for the node-related parameters hold. Finally, simulations are given to verify the asymptotic results.

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42

Lalvani, Haresh. "Non-periodic Space Structures." International Journal of Space Structures 2, no. 2 (June 1987): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635118700200204.

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An interesting class of two- and three-dimensional space structures can be derived from projections of higher-dimensional structures. Regular polygons and regular-faced polyhedra provide the geometry of families of n-stars from which two- and three-dimensional projections of n-dimensional grids can be derived. These projections are rhombic space grids composed of all-space filling rhombi and rhombohedra with edges parallel to n directions. An infinite class of single-, double- and multi-layered grids can be derived from n-sided polygons and prisms, and a finite class of multi-directional grids from the polyhedral symmetry groups. The grids can be periodic, centrally symmetric or non-periodic, and act as skeletons to generate corresponding classes of space-filling, packings and labyrinths.

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Chen, Wen Su, and Hong Hao. "Numerical Studies on the Blast-Resistant Capacity of Stiffened Multiple-Arch Panel." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.514.

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Blast-resistant structures are traditionally designed and fabricated with solid materials of heavy weight to resist blast loadings. This not only increases the material and construction costs, but also undermines the operational performance of protective structures. To overcome these problems, new designs with either new structural forms or new materials are demanded against blast loads. A multi-arch double-layered unstiffened panel has been proposed as a new structural form in the previous study[1]. Its performance has been numerically demonstrated better than other forms of double-layered panels in resisting blast loads. In this study, to further improve the effectiveness of the multi-arch double-layered panel in resisting blast loads, responses of a five-arch double-layered panel with rectangular stiffeners to blast loads are investigated by using finite element code Ls-Dyna. Peak displacement, internal energy absorption, boundary reaction forces and plastic strain are extracted and used as response parameters to demonstrate the effectiveness of stiffened panel on the blast resistance capacities. The numerical results show that the stiffened panel outperforms the unstiffened panel of the same weight on the blast-resistant capacity. The stiffened multi-arch double-layered panel has great potential applications in the blast-resistant panel design.

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Boon, J. A., C. J. Budd, and G. W. Hunt. "Level set methods for the displacement of layered materials." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2082 (March 13, 2007): 1447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1827.

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Previous multi-layered folding models have struggled to describe the geometry of the interfaces between layers. In the level set method (LSM), a single function ϕ ( x , y , t ) can be used to encode all the information of a multi-layer material in which all layers are in contact and thus is a very natural way of dealing with the geometry. This paper shows the potential for the LSM (in multi-layer problems) by demonstrating that it can describe the geometry of multi-layer folding patterns including those with singularities. The method is then applied to describe the mechanics of the modelling of parallel folding in multi-layered structures.

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Tamura, Motonori. "Hydrogen Permeation of Multi-Layered-Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 1152 (April 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1152.9.

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Using a substrate of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, which is used for components in high-pressure hydrogen systems, the hydrogen barrier properties of samples with single-layer coatings of TiC, TiN, and TiAlN as well as a multi-layered coating of TiAlN and TiMoN were evaluated. The ion plating method was used, and coating thicknesses of 2.0–2.6 μm were obtained. Hydrogen permeation tests were carried out under a differential hydrogen pressure of 400 kPa and at a temperature between 573 and 773 K, and the quantities of hydrogen that permeated the samples were measured. This study aimed at elucidating the relationship between the microstructures of the coatings and the hydrogen permeation properties. Coatings of TiC, TiN, TiAlN, and TiAlN/TiMoN facilitated reductions of the hydrogen permeabilities to 1/100 or less of that of the uncoated substrate. The samples coated with TiN and TiC that developed columnar crystals vertical to the substrate exhibited higher hydrogen permeabilities. The experiment confirmed that the coatings composed of fine crystal grains were highly effective as hydrogen barriers, and that this barrier property became even more efficient if multiple layers of the coatings were applied. The crystal grain boundaries of the coating and interfaces of each film in a multi-layered coating may serve as hydrogen trapping sites. We speculate that fine crystal structures with multiple crystal grain boundaries and multi-layered coating interfaces will contribute to the development of hydrogen barriers.

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Ovaert, Timothy C., and Jihui Pan. "Optimal Design of Layered Structures Under Normal (Frictionless) Contact Loading." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467633.

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A methodology is presented for the optimization of a tribological contact configuration, namely, a multi-layered elastic structure under normal (frictionless) point contact loading. This work is aimed at developing an algorithm by which the finite element (FE) mesh and the corresponding structure may be generated automatically for each variation in the vector of design variables during optimization iterations. The FE model for contact analysis may be developed in a given commercial solver such as ABAQUS or ANSYS. To do this, a flexible mesh generator, which interfaces with the FE model and the optimizer, was developed. The optimization scheme is implemented using a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm as the optimizer, with an axisymmetric (point contact) FE indentation model in the commercial finite element solver ABAQUS. The results suggest that conventional optimization methods may be employed to examine the design of tribological contact configurations such as multi-layered structures, working seamlessly within the operating system shell (e.g., Unix), and the finite element solver.

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Park, Jong Min, Ghi Seok Kim, Soon Hong Kwon, Sung Won Chung, Soon Goo Kwon, Won Sik Choi, and Jong Soon Kim. "Modeling and Analysis of Cushioning Performance for Multi-layered Corrugated Structures." Journal of Biosystems Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2016.41.3.221.

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Gi Choi, Min, Seonha Park, Habeom Lee, and Songkil Kim. "Correlating surface structures and nanoscale friction of CVD Multi-Layered graphene." Applied Surface Science 584 (May 2022): 152572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152572.

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구보름 and JeonHeeSook. "Comprehension of Metafiction Storywith Multi-Layered Structures in School-aged Children." Journal of speech-language & hearing disorders 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15724/jslhd.2013.22.3.005.

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Dems, Maciej, and W. odzimierz Nakwaski. "Thermal and molecular stresses in multi-layered structures of nitride devices." Semiconductor Science and Technology 18, no. 8 (July 1, 2003): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/18/8/303.

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