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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-languages'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Kari, Lila, Alexandru Mateescu, Gheorghe Pǎun, and Arto Salomaa. "Multi-pattern languages." Theoretical Computer Science 141, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00087-y.

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2

Painter, Heather. "“SAG’S MULTI!”: languages open hearts." Intercultural Education 28, no. 6 (September 5, 2017): 607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2017.1354827.

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3

Gingras, Frédéric, Laks V. S. Lakshmanan, Iyer N. Subramanian, Despina Papoulis, and Nematollaah Shiri. "Languages for multi-database interoperability." ACM SIGMOD Record 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/253262.253397.

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4

BREVEGLIERI, LUCA, ALESSANDRA CHERUBINI, CLAUDIO CITRINI, and STEFANO CRESPI REGHIZZI. "MULTI-PUSH-DOWN LANGUAGES AND GRAMMARS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 07, no. 03 (September 1996): 253–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054196000191.

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A new class of languages, called multi-push-down (mpd), that generalize the classical context-free (cf, or Chomsky type 2) ones is introduced. These languages preserve some important properties of cf languages: a generalization of the Chomsky-Schützenberger homomorphic characterization theorem, the Parikh theorem and a “pumping lemma” are proved. Multi-push-down languages are an AFL. Their recognizers are automata equipped with a multi-push-down tape. Multi-push-down languages form a hierarchy based on the number of push-down tapes.

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5

Magomadova, Alisa I. "Areal vocabulary in multi-system languages." Humanities and Social Sciences 82, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2070-1403-2020-82-5-174-180.

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6

Mirsiapova, Liliya Rivgatovna. "Coordinating Constructions in Multi-Structural Languages." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1674.

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7

Jones, Nick, Ann Barnes, and Marilyn Hunt. "Thinking through languages: a multi-lingual approach to primary school languages." Language Learning Journal 32, no. 1 (December 2005): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571730585200201.

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8

Krzywiec, Robert K. "Multi…multi-graphs of programmable 1.programing languages: Fortran 77." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 11 (1988): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90598-5.

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9

Hosseini-Rad, Mina, Majid Abdulrozzagh-Nezzad, and Seyyed-Mohammad Javadi-Moghaddam. "Study of Scheduling in Programming Languages of Multi-Core Processor." Data Science: Journal of Computing and Applied Informatics 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jocai.v2.i2-282.

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Over the recent decades, the nature of multi core processors caused changing the serial programming model to parallel mode. There are several programming languages for the parallel multi core processors and processors with different architectures that these languages have faced programmers to challenges to achieve higher performance. In additional, different scheduling methods in the programming languages for the multi core processors have significant impact on efficiency of the programming languages. Therefore, this article addresses the investigation of the conventional scheduling techniques in the programming languages of multi core processors which allows researcher to choose more suitable programing languages by comparing efficiency than application. Several languages such as Cilk++، OpenMP، TBB and PThread were studied and their scheduling efficiency has been investigated by running Quick-Sort and Merge-Sort algorithms as well

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Hosseini-Rad, Mina, Majid Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad, and Seyyed-Mohammad Javadi-Moghaddam. "Study of Scheduling in Programming Languages of Multi-Core Processor." Data Science: Journal of Computing and Applied Informatics 2, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jocai.v2.i2-327.

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Over the recent decades, the nature of multi-core processors caused changing the serial programming model to parallel mode. There are several programming languages for the parallel multi-core processors and processors with different architectures that these languages have faced programmers to challenges to achieve higher performance. In addition, different scheduling methods in the programming languages for the multi-core processors have the significant impact on the efficiency of the programming languages. Therefore, this article addresses the investigation of the conventional scheduling techniques in the programming languages of multi-core processors which allows the researcher to choose more suitable programing languages by comparing efficiency than application. Several languages such as Cilk++، OpenMP، TBB and PThread were studied, and their scheduling efficiency has been investigated by running Quick-Sort and Merge-Sort algorithms as well.

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11

Elfeky, Mohamed G., Pedro Moreno, and Victor Soto. "Multi-Dialectical Languages Effect on Speech Recognition." Procedia Computer Science 128 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.03.001.

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12

Albert, Elvira, Michael Hanus, Frank Huch, Javier Oliver, and Germán Vidal. "Operational semantics for declarative multi-paradigm languages." Journal of Symbolic Computation 40, no. 1 (July 2005): 795–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2004.01.001.

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13

Frank, Ulrich. "Multi-level modeling: cornerstones of a rationale." Software and Systems Modeling 21, no. 2 (January 4, 2022): 451–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00955-1.

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AbstractThis expert voice paper presents a comprehensive rationale of multi-level modeling. It aims not only at a systematic assessment of its prospects, but also at encouraging applications of multi-level modeling in business information systems and at providing a motivation for future research. The assessment is developed from a comparison of multi-level modeling with object-oriented, general-purpose modeling languages (GPMLs) and domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs). To foster a differentiated evaluation, we propose a multi-perspective framework that accounts, among others, for essential design conflicts, different types of users, as well as economic aspects. Besides the assessment of the additional abstraction offered by multi-level modeling, the evaluation also identifies specific drawbacks and remaining challenges. Based on the results of the comparative assessment, in order to foster the adoption and further development of multi-level modeling, we discuss the prospects of supplementing multi-level modeling languages with multi-level programming languages and suggest possible dissemination strategies customized for different groups of users. The paper concludes with an outline of future research.

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14

Turner, Tim, and Anthony Colombo. "Multi-agency public protection panels: speaking different languages." Mental Health Practice 10, no. 5 (February 2007): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2007.02.10.5.24.c4290.

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15

Buro, Samuele, Roy Crole, and Isabella Mastroeni. "Equational Logic and Categorical Semantics for Multi-Languages." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 352 (October 2020): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2020.09.005.

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16

Cook, Vivian. "Multi‐competence and the learning of many languages." Language, Culture and Curriculum 8, no. 2 (January 1995): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908319509525193.

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17

Mehta, Tejas R., and Magnus Egerstedt. "Multi-modal control using adaptive motion description languages." Automatica 44, no. 7 (July 2008): 1912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2007.11.024.

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18

Dastani, Mehdi. "Programming multi-agent systems." Knowledge Engineering Review 30, no. 4 (September 2015): 394–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888915000077.

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AbstractWith the significant advances in the area of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems in the last decade, promising technologies for the development and engineering of multi-agent systems have emerged. The result is a variety of agent-oriented programming languages, development frameworks, execution platforms, and tools that facilitate building and engineering of multi-agent systems. This paper provides an overview of the multi-agent programming research field and explains the aim and characteristics of various multi-agent programming languages and development frameworks. This overview is complemented with a discussion on the current trends and challenges in this research community.

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19

Jugnauth, Kobita Kumari. "French and Hindi: Linguistic Similarities and Common Patterns between the two Languages." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2021.v09i06.001.

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This paper aims at highlighting the linguistic similarities between two languages which at first glance seem very different from each other for various reasons. These two languages are French and Hindi. There has been almost no comparative study between these two languages. The reason behind this is that there are probably very few speakers who have an adequate linguistic competence in both languages and even fewer who would think about undertaking linguistic research about how the two languages can be similar. In Mauritius, the linguistic situation is thriving thanks to its multi-racial, multi-cultural and multi-religious status. While English and French are generally accepted as the country’s official languages, the lingua-franca remains Mauritian Creole. Also, quite a few Asian languages and Arabic are taught up to secondary level in schools. Mauritians who speak French and learn Hindi at school are thus among the few privileged speakers who develop competency in these two languages and can draw parallels between the two. This paper tries to explore some very interesting similarities in terms of vocabulary, grammar and syntax that speakers of both languages can detect and future learners of these two language will be able to perceive. The findings in this paper are based upon qualitative research from data provided by speakers of all ages from the Mauritian context, who have almost equal competence in both languages.

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Cao, Yue, Xiaojun Wan, Jinge Yao, and Dian Yu. "MultiSumm: Towards a Unified Model for Multi-Lingual Abstractive Summarization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (April 3, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5328.

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Automatic text summarization aims at producing a shorter version of the input text that conveys the most important information. However, multi-lingual text summarization, where the goal is to process texts in multiple languages and output summaries in the corresponding languages with a single model, has been rarely studied. In this paper, we present MultiSumm, a novel multi-lingual model for abstractive summarization. The MultiSumm model uses the following training regime: (I) multi-lingual learning that contains language model training, auto-encoder training, translation and back-translation training, and (II) joint summary generation training. We conduct experiments on summarization datasets for five rich-resource languages: English, Chinese, French, Spanish, and German, as well as two low-resource languages: Bosnian and Croatian. Experimental results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms a multi-lingual baseline model. Specifically, our model achieves comparable or even better performance than models trained separately on each language. As an additional contribution, we construct the first summarization dataset for Bosnian and Croatian, containing 177,406 and 204,748 samples, respectively.

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21

Choe, Ji-Won, and Gi-Cheon Kim. "Development of Convertor supporting Multi-languages for Mobile Network." KIPS Transactions:PartC 9C, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstc.2002.9c.2.293.

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22

Kuznetsov, A. S., R. Y. Tsarev, T. N. Yamskikh, A. N. Knyazkov, K. Y. Zhigalov, and Adebanji Oguntade. "Enhanced pushdown automaton for recognizing multi-syntax programming languages." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1333 (October 2019): 032085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1333/3/032085.

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23

Grabska, Ewa, Andrzej Łachwa, and Grażyna Ślusarczyk. "New visual languages supporting design of multi-storey buildings." Advanced Engineering Informatics 26, no. 4 (October 2012): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2012.03.009.

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24

Atkinson, Colin, Ralph Gerbig, and Christian Vjekoslav Tunjic. "Enhancing classic transformation languages to support multi-level modeling." Software & Systems Modeling 14, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-013-0384-y.

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25

Crimi, C., A. Guercio, G. Nota, G. Pacini, G. Tortora, and M. Tucci. "Relation grammars and their application to multi-dimensional languages." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 2, no. 4 (December 1991): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1045-926x(05)80003-5.

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26

Hassani, Hossein. "BLARK for multi-dialect languages: towards the Kurdish BLARK." Language Resources and Evaluation 52, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-017-9400-0.

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27

Fitzhorn, Patrick A. "Formal graph languages of shape." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 4, no. 3 (August 1990): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400002353.

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The study of languages of shape is rich and interesting. One can develop formal grammars whose languages are non-realizable shape (nonsense objects), as well as grammars whose languages are classes of realizable shape. This paper develops several graph-based multi-dimensional languages that are complete in the physical solids. Thus, realizable shape is a language.

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28

Дудаков, Сергей Михайлович. "On definability of one-symbol languages in the monoid of finite languages with concatenation." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Applied Mathematics, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpmk601.

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Мы рассматриваем алгебру всех конечных языков над многосимвольным алфавитом с операцией конкатенации. Ранее было показано, что если взять подобную алгебру, но состоящую из всех регулярных многосимвольных языков, то в ней можно интерпретировать алгебру регулярных односимвольных языков, откуда следует, что теория обеих этих алгебр эквивалентна элементарной арифметике. В настоящей работе мы доказываем аналогичный результат для алгебры конечных языков: в ней определима подалгебра односимвольных языков, а сама она имеет теорию алгоритмически эквивалентную элементарной арифметике. We consider an algebra of all finite languages with the concatenation operation. For one-symbol languages it is known that its theory is equivalent to the first-order arithmetic. Earlier it was proved that for regular languages a one-symbol algebra can be interpreted in multi-symbol algebras. Here we show how to define a one-symbol subalgebra in multi-symbol algebras for finite languages.

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29

Dunn, Jonathan. "Multi-unit association measures." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16098.dun.

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AbstractThis paper formulates and evaluates a series of multi-unit measures of directional association, building on the pairwiseΔPmeasure, that are able to quantify association in sequences of varying length and type of representation. Multi-unit measures face an additional segmentation problem: once the implicit length constraint of pairwise measures is abandoned, association measures must also identify the borders of meaningful sequences. This paper takes a vector-based approach to the segmentation problem by using 18 unique measures to describe different aspects of multi-unit association. An examination of these measures across eight languages shows that they are stable across languages and that each provides a unique rank of associated sequences. Taken together, these measures expand corpus-based approaches to association by generalizing across varying lengths and types of representation.

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30

Наталья Жабо and Светлана Терехова. "MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TERMS IN SLAVIC, GERMANIC AND ROMAN LANGUAGES: METHOD OF MULTI-PARADIGMAL ANALYSES." Sworld-Us Conference proceedings, usc09-01 (January 30, 2018): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/2709-2267.2022-09-01-027.

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31

Rosales, Cesar Manuel, and Gregory Scontras. "On the role of conjunction in adjective ordering preferences." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v4i1.4524.

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Adjective ordering preferences are robustly attested in English and many unrelated languages. In nominals with multi-adjective strings (e.g., big blue box), chances are the order of the adjectives is non-arbitrary. However, ordering preferences are claimed to neutralize in cases where multi-adjective strings are formed via conjunction (e.g., blue and big box). We provide empirical evidence in support of this claim, but with an important caveat: conjunction neutralizes adjective ordering preferences in languages like Spanish where multi-adjective strings obligatorily feature conjunction. In English, where multi-adjective strings optionally feature conjunction, ordering preferences persist in the presence of conjunction.

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32

Washington, Jonathan North, Francis Morton Tyers, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu. "Multi-script morphological transducers and transcribers for seven Turkic languages." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v5i1.4783.

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This paper describes ongoing work to augment morphological transducers for seven Turkic languages with support for multiple scripts each, as well as preliminary work adding IPA transcription systems. Evaluation demonstrates that our approach yields coverage equivalent to or not much lower than that of the base transducers.

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33

Mündemann, F., and W. Hahn. "Algorithmic specification of MOSFET's for multi-level computer design languages." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 16, no. 2-3 (September 1985): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(85)90041-9.

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34

Hodge, Gabrielle, Kazuki Sekine, Adam Schembri, and Trevor Johnston. "Comparing signers and speakers: building a directly comparable corpus of Auslan and Australian English." Corpora 14, no. 1 (April 2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2019.0161.

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The Auslan and Australian English archive and corpus is the first bilingual, multi-modal documentation of a deaf signed language (Auslan, the language of the Australian deaf community) and its ambient spoken language (Australian English). It aims to facilitate the direct comparison of face-to-face, multi-modal talk produced by deaf signers and hearing speakers from the same city. Here, we describe the documentation of the bilingual, multi-modal archive and outline its development pathway into a directly comparable corpus of a signed language and spoken language. We differentiate it from existing bilingual corpora and offer some research questions which the resulting corpus may be best placed to answer. The Auslan and Australian English corpus has the potential to redress several significant misunderstandings in the comparison of signed and spoken languages, especially those that follow from misapplications of the paradigm that multi-modal signed languages are used and structured in ways that are parallel to the uni-modal spoken or written conventions of spoken languages.

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35

Vergallo, Dionigio. ""Multilinguismo istituzionale" e ""multilinguismo personale", per una piena cittadinanza europea e per un'identitŕ europea." FUTURIBILI, no. 2 (September 2009): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fu2008-002006.

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- Languages are not codes of expression pure and simple, they are also the product of the history and culture of the peoples that speak them. He who speaks of multilingualism is also saying multi-cultural and in political terms, in the final analysis, multi-lateralism. For Europe, the presence of a multitude of languages on its territory is a mark of great cultural wealth and is an integral part of its identity.

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36

Zhan, Qingran, Xiang Xie, Chenguang Hu, Juan Zuluaga-Gomez, Jing Wang, and Haobo Cheng. "Domain-Adversarial Based Model with Phonological Knowledge for Cross-Lingual Speech Recognition." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243172.

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Phonological-based features (articulatory features, AFs) describe the movements of the vocal organ which are shared across languages. This paper investigates a domain-adversarial neural network (DANN) to extract reliable AFs, and different multi-stream techniques are used for cross-lingual speech recognition. First, a novel universal phonological attributes definition is proposed for Mandarin, English, German and French. Then a DANN-based AFs detector is trained using source languages (English, German and French). When doing the cross-lingual speech recognition, the AFs detectors are used to transfer the phonological knowledge from source languages (English, German and French) to the target language (Mandarin). Two multi-stream approaches are introduced to fuse the acoustic features and cross-lingual AFs. In addition, the monolingual AFs system (i.e., the AFs are directly extracted from the target language) is also investigated. Experiments show that the performance of the AFs detector can be improved by using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a domain-adversarial learning method. The multi-head attention (MHA) based multi-stream can reach the best performance compared to the baseline, cross-lingual adaptation approach, and other approaches. More specifically, the MHA-mode with cross-lingual AFs yields significant improvements over monolingual AFs with the restriction of training data size and, which can be easily extended to other low-resource languages.

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37

Zharnikova, Alena Vasil'evna, and Chechek Sergeevna Tsybenova. "The image of mother in multi-structural languages (based on the material of the Russian and Tuvan languages)." Litera, no. 4 (April 2021): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.4.35291.

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This article analyzes the image of mother in the Russian and Tuvan languages based on the results of associative experiment. The key goal of this cross-cultural research is consists in comparison and determination of the constant meanings underlying this image and its ethnocultural peculiarities in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of multi-structural languages. The object of this research is the verbal associations for the stimulus word “mother” in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian and Tuvan people. The empirical material is acquired in the course of experimental methods and viewed from the perspective of the fragments of linguistic consciousness, which reflect the image of the world of a particular culture. The practical value of the work is defined by the relevant contrastive study of the lexicon from the category of universal images, as well as by possibility of application of the obtained results in translation studies, cross-cultural communication, linguoculturology, and lexicography. The scientific novelty lies in carrying out a psycholinguistic interpretation of the associative fields "mother" and “ie”, examination of their field stratification, comparison of fragments of the core of linguistic consciousness of the Russian and Tuvan people. The selected image id describe through the prism of its archetypal nature. The conducted analysis reveals that the perception of a particular stimulus word in linguistic consciousness of a person is impacted not only by ethnic and sociocultural factors, but by the corresponding language norms as well.

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38

Záhořík, Jan. "Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa in a broader socio-political perspective." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2010.3646.

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Charles University This study deals with language policies in Africa with a special focus on multi-ethnic and multi-lingual states including Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Democratic Republic of Congo. The study will thus examine relations between state and minorities, the status of major and marginalized languages, the roles of European languages in politics as well as theoretical frameworks. Sub-Saharan Africa has undergone a remarkable process from linguistic imperialism to linguistic pluralism and revivalism. Until the 1960s the superior position of the European languages (English, French, and Portuguese) was evident, but after the Africanization of politics and society in many African countries, a strong accent on linguistic emancipation was initiated. Nowadays, many African countries follow the principle of linguistic pluralism where several languages enjoy the same rights and space in the media, administrative, education, etc. This study will discuss some important case studies and their specific language policies.

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39

Aliyeva, Navruza. "Similarities And Distinctive Features Of Uzbek, Russian And English Phrases." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue05-57.

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This article discusses the terms of similarities and differences between languages and their significance in the linguistic environment; the types of collocations are also investigated by analyzing their use in multi-system languages and the ways of their translation into English, Russian and Uzbek are examined. Research is carried out on the types of phrasemes in languages and equivalents are presented, as well as analogs when translated and used in contexts. As a result, certain formulas are identified for the formation of equivalent collocations in languages.

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40

Alechina, Natasha, Tristan Behrens, Mehdi Dastani, Koen Hindriks, Jomi Hubner, Brian Logan, Hai Nguyen, and Marc Van Zee. "Multi-Cycle Query Caching in Agent Programming." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8618.

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In many logic-based BDI agent programming languages, plan selection involves inferencing over some underlying knowledge representation. While context-sensitive plan selection facilitates the development of flexible, declarative programs, the overhead of evaluating repeated queries to the agent's beliefs and goals can result in poor run time performance. In this paper we present an approach to multi-cycle query caching for logic-based BDI agent programming languages. We extend the abstract performance model presented in (Alechina et al. 2012) to quantify the costs and benefits of caching query results over multiple deliberation cycles. We also present results of experiments with prototype implementations of both single- and multi-cycle caching in three logic-based BDI agent platforms, which demonstrate that significant performance improvements are achievable in practice.

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41

Weekes, Brendan Stuart Hackett. "Literacy in Contact and in Context." Letrônica 13, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): e37538. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2020.4.37538.

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According to UNESCO, at least 2500 languages are vulnerable. Chinese, English, Spanish, Arabic, Hindi, Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, Japanese, French are “hegemons” - each having at least 100 million native speakers and accounting for over 51 percent of the global population. Half of the hegemons are written with an alphabet. For the non-alphabetic group, native speakers may read and write in logographic (e.g. Chinese) or syllabic writing systems (e.g. Devanagari) or both (e.g. Japanese). In languages that are spoken by less than one million people, Latin, Arabic and Chinese writing systems dominate but they do not always map to local dialects transparently. Multi-literacy is a growing global phenomenon particularly in Asia. In the 21st century, access to electronic literacy will include multi-literate speakers. However, multi-literacy brings questions. Multi-literacy is as old as civilization due to spoken language contact in commerce, ideology and religion. Literacy adapts to new technology via codification of symbols allowing multi-literacy to grow. Documentation of writing has a history but it is not prominent in global policy making. Programmes to develop literacy are reserved for monolingual ‘hegascripts’ (dominant languages) e.g. English. However, neglecting diversity in writing systems in developing countries risks more inequalities if indigenous language speakers are taught literacy in their non-native language only.

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42

Cardoso, Rafael C., and Angelo Ferrando. "A Review of Agent-Based Programming for Multi-Agent Systems." Computers 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10020016.

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Abstract:

Intelligent and autonomous agents is a subarea of symbolic artificial intelligence where these agents decide, either reactively or proactively, upon a course of action by reasoning about the information that is available about the world (including the environment, the agent itself, and other agents). It encompasses a multitude of techniques, such as negotiation protocols, agent simulation, multi-agent argumentation, multi-agent planning, and many others. In this paper, we focus on agent programming and we provide a systematic review of the literature in agent-based programming for multi-agent systems. In particular, we discuss both veteran (still maintained) and novel agent programming languages, their extensions, work on comparing some of these languages, and applications found in the literature that make use of agent programming.

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Radom, Jarema, and Jan Kocoń. "Multi-task Sequence Classification for Disjoint Tasks in Low-resource Languages." Procedia Computer Science 192 (2021): 1132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.116.

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44

Kim, Ik-Soon, Kwangkeun Yi, and Cristiano Calcagno. "A polymorphic modal type system for lisp-like multi-staged languages." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 41, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1111320.1111060.

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45

Goetzendorff, Andor, Martin Bichler, Pasha Shabalin, and Robert W. Day. "Compact Bid Languages and Core Pricing in Large Multi-item Auctions." Management Science 61, no. 7 (July 2015): 1684–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2076.

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46

Ramu Reddy, V., Sudhamay Maity, and K. Sreenivasa Rao. "Identification of Indian languages using multi-level spectral and prosodic features." International Journal of Speech Technology 16, no. 4 (May 31, 2013): 489–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-013-9198-0.

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47

Yousef, Ahmed H., Tamer A. El-lateef, and Mona F. Ismail. "Benchmarking and performance enhancement framework for multi-staging object-oriented languages." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (June 2013): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2012.08.008.

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48

Sudarsan, S. D., Mark Wallis, H. K. Jnanamurthy, Raoul Jetley, David Paul, and Frans Henskens. "Multi-level analysis of IEC 61131-3 languages to detect clones." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 63, no. 4 (2020): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2020.10032596.

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49

Jnanamurthy, H. K., Raoul Jetley, Frans Henskens, David Paul, Mark Wallis, and S. D. Sudarsan. "Multi-level analysis of IEC 61131-3 languages to detect clones." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 63, no. 4 (2020): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2020.110413.

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50

Guerra, Esther, Juan de Lara, Alessio Malizia, and Paloma Díaz. "Supporting user-oriented analysis for multi-view domain-specific visual languages." Information and Software Technology 51, no. 4 (April 2009): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.005.

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