Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-functional Polymers'

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1

Figovsky, Oleg. "New Methods of Preparing Multi-Functional Nanocomposite Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1979.

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Nanostructured coatings based on interpenetrated polymer network of polyurethanes, polyacrylates or epoxide resins and containing nanoparticles of SiO2, TiO2 and other metal oxides introduced into a polymeric matrix was elaborated. Technology of the unique coatings provides control of their micro-and nano-structures. Formulation of a new class of nanocomposite materials is characterized by the absence of contaminants in the polymers technology [1]. The main components of the technology are branched (dendro)-aminosilanes which serve as curing agents for many oligomers. Additional hydrolysis of aminosilane oligomers creates the secondary nano-structured network polymer that improves performance of the compound.
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2

Hanumantharao and Rao. "Multi-Functional Electrospun Nanofibers from Polymer Blends for Scaffold Tissue Engineering." Fibers 7, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7070066.

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Electrospinning and polymer blending have been the focus of research and the industry for their versatility, scalability, and potential applications across many different fields. In tissue engineering, nanofiber scaffolds composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both have been reported. This review reports recent advances in polymer blended scaffolds for tissue engineering and the fabrication of functional scaffolds by electrospinning. A brief theory of electrospinning and the general setup as well as modifications used are presented. Polymer blends, including blends with natural polymers, synthetic polymers, mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, and nanofiller systems, are discussed in detail and reviewed.
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3

Leng, Jin Song. "Multi-Functional Soft Smart Materials and their Applications." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.25.

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Stimulus-active polymers can change their shapes with respect to configuration or dimension upon exposure to a particular stimulus such as heat, electricity, light, magnetic, solvent and pH value. These unique characteristics enable stimulus-active polymers to be used in a myriad of fields, including clothing manufacturing, automobile engineering, medical treatment, and aerospace engineering. Stimulus-active polymers can be applied in smart textiles and apparels, intelligent medical instruments and auxiliaries, artificial muscles, biomimetic devices, heat shrinkable materials for electronics packaging, micro-electro-mechanical systems, self-deployable sun sails in spacecrafts, miniature manipulator, actuators and sensors, and many more. This paper presents some recent progress of soft smart materials and their applications. Special emphasis is focused upon shape memory polymer (SMP), electro-active polymer (EAP) for aerospace engineering such as space deployable structures and morphing aircraft, which has highlighted the need for development of these materials. A detailed overview of development in these smart soft materials, of which the undergoing and future applications are used in adaptive structures and active control, is presented. The paper concludes with a short discussion for multi-functional soft smart materials and their composites that are expected to extend the range of development and applications available to the related researches and engineers.
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4

Nagarajan, M. K. "Multi-functional polyacrylate polymers in detergents." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 62, no. 5 (May 1985): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02541766.

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5

Zafeiropoulou, Konstantina, Christina Kostagiannakopoulou, Anna Geitona, Xenia Tsilimigkra, George Sotiriadis, and Vassilis Kostopoulos. "On the Multi-Functional Behavior of Graphene-Based Nano-Reinforced Polymers." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 5828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195828.

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The objective of the present study is the assessment of the impact performance and the concluded thermal conductivity of epoxy resin reinforced by layered Graphene Nano-Platelets (GNPs). The two types of used GNPs have different average thicknesses, <4 nm for Type 1 and 9–12 nm for Type 2. Graphene-based polymers containing different GNP loading contents (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 wt.%) were developed by using the three-roll mill technique. Thermo-mechanical (Tg), impact tests and thermal conductivity measurements were performed to evaluate the effect of GNPs content and type on the final properties of nano-reinforced polymers. According to the results, thinner GNPs were proven to be more promising in all studied properties when compared to thicker GNPs of the same weight content. More specifically, the glass transition temperature of nano-reinforced polymers remained almost unaffected by the GNPs inclusion. Regarding the impact tests, it was found that the impact resistance of the doped materials increased up to 50% when 0.5 wt.% Type 1 GNPs were incorporated within the polymer. Finally, the thermal conductivity of doped polymers with 15 wt.% GNPs showed a 130% enhancement over the reference material.
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6

Endo, Takeshi, and Toshikazu Takata. "Design and synthesis of multi-functional polymers." Kobunshi 37, no. 9 (1988): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.37.662.

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7

Pouyan, Paria, Mariam Cherri, and Rainer Haag. "Polyglycerols as Multi-Functional Platforms: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132684.

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The remarkable and unique characteristics of polyglycerols (PG) have made them an attractive candidate for many applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The presence of multiple hydroxy groups on the flexible polyether backbone not only enables the further modification of the PG structure but also makes the polymer highly water-soluble and results in excellent biocompatibility. In this review, the polymerization routes leading to PG with different architectures are discussed. Moreover, we discuss the role of these polymers in different biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, protein conjugation, and surface modification.
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8

Sheikhi, Mohammad Rauf, and Selim Gürgen. "Intelligent Polymers for Multi-Functional Applications: Mechanical and Electrical Aspects." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 8, 2023): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122620.

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In this study, we fabricated an intelligent material, shear stiffening polymer (SSP), and reinforced it with carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers to obtain intelligent mechanical and electrical properties. The SSP was enhanced with multi-functional behavior, such as electrical conductivity and stiffening texture. Various amounts of CNT fillers were distributed in this intelligent polymer up to a loading rate of 3.5 wt%. The mechanical and electrical aspects of the materials were investigated. Regarding the mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out, as well as conducting shape stability and free-fall tests. Viscoelastic behavior was investigated in the dynamic mechanical analysis, whereas cold-flowing and dynamic stiffening responses were studied in shape stability and free-fall tests, respectively. On the other hand, electrical resistance measurements were carried out to understand the conductive behavior of the polymers of the electrical properties. Based on these results, CNT fillers enhance the elastic nature of the SSP while initiating the stiffening behavior at lower frequencies. Moreover, CNT fillers provide higher shape stability, hindering the cold flow in the material. Lastly, SSP gained an electrically conductive nature from the CNT fillers.
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9

Wen, WANG, LIN Mei-juan, LING Qi-dan, and ZHANG Wen-gong. "Properties of Multi-functional Polymers Containing Terbium Complex." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 21, no. 08 (2005): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20050807.

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10

Wang, Huei-Hsiung, and Mei-Show Lin. "Poly(urea-urethane) polymers with multi-functional properties." Journal of Polymer Research 7, no. 2 (June 2000): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0107-y.

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11

AYANO, Eri, and Hideko KANAZAWA. "Temperature-responsive Smart Packing Materials Utilizing Multi-functional Polymers." Analytical Sciences 30, no. 1 (2014): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.30.167.

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12

Karger-Kocsis, J. "(Multi)functional polymers and composites via Diels-Alder reactions." Express Polymer Letters 10, no. 7 (2016): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.49.

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13

Georgiou, Theoni K., Demetra S. Achilleos, and Costas S. Patrickios. "Multi-Functional Conetworks Based on Cross-Linked Star Polymers." Macromolecular Symposia 291-292, no. 1 (June 8, 2010): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201050505.

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14

Naga, Naofumi, Minako Ito, Aya Mezaki, Hao-Chun Tang, Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Masato Sone, Hassan Nageh, and Tamaki Nakano. "Morphology Control and Metallization of Porous Polymers Synthesized by Michael Addition Reactions of a Multi-Functional Acrylamide with a Diamine." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040800.

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Porous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H2O without catalyst. Reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration and reaction temperature, affected the morphology of the resulting porous structures. Connected spheres, co-continuous monolithic structures and/or isolated holes were observed on the surface of the porous polymers. These structures were formed by polymerization-induced phase separation via spinodal decomposition or highly internal phase separation. The obtained porous polymers were soft and flexible and not breakable by compression. The porous polymers adsorbed various solvents. An AM4-HDA porous polymer could be plated by Ni using an electroless plating process via catalyzation by palladium (II) acetylacetonate following reduction of Ni ions in a plating solution. The intermediate Pd-catalyzed porous polymer promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid.
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15

Demir, Baris, Gabriel Perli, Kit-Ying Chan, Jannick Duchet-Rumeau, and Sébastien Livi. "Molecular-Level Investigation of Cycloaliphatic Epoxidised Ionic Liquids as a New Generation of Monomers for Versatile Poly(Ionic Liquids)." Polymers 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091512.

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Recently, a new generation of polymerised ionic liquids with high thermal stability and good mechanical performances has been designed through novel and versatile cycloaliphatic epoxy-functionalised ionic liquids (CEILs). From these first promising results and unexplored chemical structures in terms of final properties of the PILs, a computational approach based on molecular dynamics simulations has been developed to generate polymer models and predict the thermo–mechanical properties (e.g., glass transition temperature and Young’s modulus) of experimentally investigated CEILs for producing multi-functional polymer materials. Here, a completely reproducible and reliable computational protocol is provided to design, test and tune poly(ionic liquids) based on epoxidised ionic liquid monomers for future multi-functional thermoset polymers.
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16

Guo, Zijian, Wenyan Wang, Yumin Yang, Kashif Majeed, Baoliang Zhang, Fengtao Zhou, and Qiuyu Zhang. "Preparation of multi-functional polyamide vitrimers via the Ugi four-component polymerization and oxime-promoted transcarbamoylation reaction." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 13 (2021): 2009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01733g.

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In order to control the relationship between the polymer structure and performance, multi-component reactions (MCRs) have been used to adjust the properties of polymers due to their high atom utilization and structural designability.
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17

Naga, Naofumi, Mitsusuke Sato, Kensuke Mori, Hassan Nageh, and Tamaki Nakano. "Synthesis of Network Polymers by Means of Addition Reactions of Multifunctional-Amine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether or Diacrylate Compounds." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092047.

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Addition reactions of multi-functional amine, polyethylene imine (PEI) or diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), have been investigated to obtain network polymers in H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethanol (EtOH). Ring opening addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDE in H2O at room temperature or in DMSO at 90 °C using triphenylphosphine as a catalyst yielded gels. Aza-Michael addition reaction of the multi-functional amine and PEGDA in DMSO or EtOH at room temperature also yielded corresponding gels. Compression test of the gels obtained with PEI showed higher Young’s modulus than those with DETA. The reactions of the multi-functional amine and low molecular weight PEGDA in EtOH under the specific conditions yielded porous polymers induced by phase separation during the network formation. The morphology of the porous polymers could be controlled by the reaction conditions, especially monomer concentration and feed ratio of the multi-functional amine to PEGDA of the reaction system. The porous structure was formed by connected spheres or a co-continuous monolithic structure. The porous polymers were unbreakable by compression, and their Young’s modulus increased with the increase in the monomer concentration of the reaction systems. The porous polymers absorbed various solvents derived from high affinity between the polyethylene glycol units in the network structure and the solvents.
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18

Chandrasekhar, Vadapalli, Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan, Arunachalampillai Athimoolam, and Gurusamy Thangavelu Senthil Andavan. "New hybrid inorganic-organic polymers containing cyclophosphazenes as pendant groups: Cyclophosphazene ligands containing hydrazone linkages and their conversion to polymers." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-099.

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The reaction of the cyclotriphosphazene N3P3Cl5[O-C6H4-p-C6H4-p-CH=CH2] (2) with 10 equiv of N-methylhydrazine proceeds in a regio-specific manner to afford the multi-functional hydrazide N3P3[N(Me)NH2]5[O- C6H4-p-C6H4-p-CH=CH2] (3). Condensation of 3 with o-hydroxy benzaldehyde or pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde affords the corresponding hydrazones N3P3[N(Me)N=CH-C6H4-o-OH]5[O-C6H4-p-C6H4-p-CH=CH2] (4) and N3P3[N(Me)N=CH-C6H4N]5[O-C6H4-p-C6H4-p-CH=CH2] (5), respectively. These hydrazones can be homopolymerized to afford polymers 6 and 7 containing multi-site coordinating cyclophosphazenes as pendant groups.Key words: cyclophosphazene, hydrazone, pendant polymers, hybrid polymers, polymeric ligands.
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19

Li, Song Tao, Dan Li, and Chun Ju He. "Synthesis of Allyl Functionalized Telechelic PVP by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.235.

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Telechelic polymers have been explored widely because they are precursors for preparing multi-block copolymers, grafted polymers, star polymers, and polymer networks [1-2]. A variety of telechelic polymers with terminals like hydroxy, carboxylic, epoxy groups and carbon–carbon double bond have been prepared by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques including nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT)[3-5].The CRP techniques can not only control the molecular weight but also can be carried out in the presence of many functional groups from monomers, initiators, or chain transfer agents (CTA).
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20

Baniasadi, Mahdi, Ebrahim Yarali, Mahdi Bodaghi, Ali Zolfagharian, and Mostafa Baghani. "Constitutive Modeling of multi-stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers with multi-functional capabilities." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 192 (February 2021): 106082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.106082.

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21

Gazi, Mustafa, Giancarlo Galli, and Niyazi Bicak. "The rapid boron uptake by multi-hydroxyl functional hairy polymers." Separation and Purification Technology 62, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.02.004.

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22

Hu, Mingqiu, and Thomas P. Russell. "Correction: Polymers with advanced architectures as emulsifiers for multi-functional emulsions." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 22 (2021): 8086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qm90083h.

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23

Xia, Xiujian, Jintang Guo, Yakai Feng, Di Chen, Yongjin Yu, Jianzhou Jin, and Shuoqiong Liu. "Hydrophobic associated polymer “grafted onto” nanosilica as a multi-functional fluid loss agent for oil well cement under ultrahigh temperature." RSC Advances 6, no. 94 (2016): 91728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12618a.

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In this study, a novel hydrophobic associated polymer/nanosilica composite with a micro-crosslinking structure was synthesized to address the drawbacks of traditional polymers in ultrahigh temperature performance.
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24

Elim, Hendry Izaac, Jianying Ouyang, Suat Hong Goh, and Wei Ji. "Optical-limiting-based materials of mono-functional, multi-functional and supramolecular C60-containing polymers." Thin Solid Films 477, no. 1-2 (April 2005): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.112.

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25

Nishio, Tadashi, and Hideko Kanazawa. "Development of Chromatography System Organic Solvent-Free Using Multi-Functional Polymers." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 59, no. 3 (2010): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.59.163.

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26

Smith, Patrick J., and Yi Zhang. "Multi-functional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites Obtained using Inkjet Printed Polymers." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 32, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2017.32.482.

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27

Smith, Patrick J., and Yi Zhang. "Multi-functional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites Obtained using Inkjet Printed Polymers." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 32, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2016.32.1.art00121_1.

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28

Xu, Jiangtao, Cyrille Boyer, Volga Bulmus, and Thomas P. Davis. "Synthesis of dendritic carbohydrate end-functional polymers via RAFT: Versatile multi-functional precursors for bioconjugations." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 47, no. 17 (September 1, 2009): 4302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.23482.

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29

Stamm, A., M. Tengdelius, B. Schmidt, J. Engström, P. O. Syrén, L. Fogelström, and E. Malmström. "Chemo-enzymatic pathways toward pinene-based renewable materials." Green Chemistry 21, no. 10 (2019): 2720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc00718k.

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30

Tzanakis, Iakovos, Abhinav Priyadarshi, Paul Prentice, Jiawei Mi, Koulis Pericleous, and Dmitry Eskin. "Ultrasonic cavitation processing of multi-functional materials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018205.

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Ultrasonic cavitation processing (USP) is a versatile technique that has gained a lot of momentum in the last decade as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective process. USP uses high-frequency sound to form bubbles that expand, contract, and eventually collapse, generating high-speed liquid jets, powerful shockwaves, and acoustic streaming effects. Despite its widespread application, use of USP remains mostly empirical. For processes involving the synthesis and production of materials, harnessing the power of cavitation requires an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms driving USP. In this presentation, we record recent studies to analyse, optimise, and control USP for applications related to grain refinement of aluminium alloys, exfoliation of 2D nanomaterials, and processing of composites. High-speed cameras and in situ synchrotron imaging were used to visualise cavitation dynamics, coupled with state-of-the-art hydrophones to detect acoustic waves and shockwave emissions. Results show that optimised USP with the help of advanced modelling significantly improves grain refinement of aluminium alloys in processes such as direct-chill (DC) casting, where shockwaves are primarily responsible for the fragmentation of intermetallic crystals/dendrites. Furthermore, shockwaves act as the main driving mechanism for the exfoliation of 2Ds while cavitation activity enhances fibre dispersion in highly viscous polymers, improving matrix stability and strength.
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31

Chi, Jie, Yajun Mu, Yan Li, Pengpeng Shao, Guocheng Liu, Bin Cai, Na Xu, and Yongqiang Chen. "Polytorsional-amide/carboxylates-directed Cd(ii) coordination polymers exhibiting multi-functional sensing behaviors." RSC Advances 11, no. 50 (2021): 31756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04411g.

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32

Qu, Lunjun, Shida Huang, Yi Zhang, Zhenguo Chi, Siwei Liu, Xudong Chen, and Jiarui Xu. "Multi-functional polyimides containing tetraphenyl fluorene moieties: fluorescence and resistive switching behaviors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 26 (2017): 6457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01807j.

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33

Naga, Naofumi, Shun Fujioka, Daisuke Inose, Kumkum Ahmed, Hassan Nageh, and Tamaki Nakano. "Synthesis and properties of porous polymers synthesized by Michael addition reactions of multi-functional acrylate, diamine, and dithiol compounds." RSC Advances 10, no. 1 (2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09684a.

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34

Wada, Yusuke, Haejoo Lee, Yu Hoshino, Shunsuke Kotani, Kenneth J. Shea, and Yoshiko Miura. "Design of multi-functional linear polymers that capture and neutralize a toxic peptide: a comparison with cross-linked nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 8 (2015): 1706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01967a.

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In this paper, a library of multi-functional linear poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAm) polymers having a range of molecular weights and functional groups were synthesized and their interaction with the hemolytic peptide, melittin, was examined.
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Zhang, Guangpu, Zhe Sun, and Miaomiao Li. "Recent developments: self-healing polymers based on quadruple hydrogen bonds." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129001037.

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The microcrack of materials was inevitable in the process of transportation, storage and utilization, which may cause functional failure and resources waste. Inspired by nature, self-healing polymers have attracted significant attention owing to widespread applications in wearable electronics, cartilage replacement, coatings and elastomer. Compared with extrinsic healing, intrinsically healable polymers offer multiple self-healing by supramolecular reversible interactions, such as host-guest interactions, π-π stacking, ionic interactions and hydrogen-bonding. Self-healing polymers based on quadruple hydrogen bonds have been extensively investigated due to its high thermodynamic stability and rapid kinetic reversibility, and have been well developed for the past two decades. In this paper, the strategies and designs of self-repairing polymers based on quadruple hydrogen bond were classified and summarized, including main-chain self-healing polymers, side-chain self-healing polymers and supramolecular self-healing polymers. It is expected that quadruple hydrogen bonding can be construct more robust, highly tough, multi-stimuli-responsive, and fast self-healing supramolecular polymer, and is potential to be applied to numerous civilian and military fields in the future.
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36

Corain, Benedetto, Marco Zecca, Patrizia Canton, and Paolo Centomo. "Synthesis and catalytic activity of metal nanoclusters inside functional resins: an endeavour lasting 15 years." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1915 (March 28, 2010): 1495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0278.

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Cross-linked functional polymers (functional resins) are versatile, designable and useful supports for metal nanoclusters that are able to provide reasonably thermally and mechanically stable multi-functional metal catalysts characterized by good activity and selectivity. The paper reviews authors’ contributions to the field from the early 1990s to the present.
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Li, Fei, Paolo Biagioni, Monica Bollani, Andrea Maccagnan, and Luciano Piergiovanni. "Multi-functional coating of cellulose nanocrystals for flexible packaging applications." Cellulose 20, no. 5 (August 7, 2013): 2491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-0015-3.

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38

Ma, Xingfa, Caiwei Li, Mingjun Gao, Xintao Zhang, You Wang, and Guang Li. "Interface Optimization of Metal Quantum Dots/Polymer Nanocomposites and their Properties: Studies of Multi-Functional Organic/Inorganic Hybrid." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010150.

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Nanomaterials filled polymers system is a simple method to produce organic/inorganic hybrid with synergistic or complementary effects. The properties of nanocomposites strongly depend on the dispersion effects of nanomaterials in the polymer and their interfaces. The optimized interface of nanocomposites would decrease the barrier height between filler and polymer for charge transfer. To avoid aggregation of metal nanoparticles and improve interfacial charge transfer, Pt nanodots filled in the non-conjugated polymer was synthesized with an in situ method. The results exhibited that the absorbance of nanocomposite covered from the visible light region to NIR (near infrared). The photo-current responses to typical visible light and 808 nm NIR were studied based on Au gap electrodes on a flexible substrate. The results showed that the size of Pt nanoparticles was about 1–2 nm and had uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The resulting nanocomposite exhibited photo-current switching behavior to weak visible light and NIR. Simultaneously, the nanocomposite also showed electrical switching responses to strain applied to a certain extent. Well-dispersion of Pt nanodots in the polymer is attributable to the in situ synthesis of metal nanodots, and photo-current switching behavior is due to interface optimization to decrease barrier height between metal filler and polymer. It provided a simple way to obtain organic/inorganic hybrid with external stimuli responses and multi-functionalities.
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39

Kelland, M. A., J. Pomicpic, R. Ghosh, C. Undheim, T. H. Hemmingsen, Q. Zhang, M. A. Varfolomeev, R. S. Pavelyev, and S. S. Vinogradova. "Multi-functional oilfield production chemicals: maleic-based polymers for gas hydrate and corrosion inhibition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1201, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1201/1/012081.

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Abstract Several chemical problems can occur during the production of oil and gas through flow lines. This includes corrosion, scale deposition and gas hydrate plugging. Three separate chemicals may be needed to treat these issues. Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) are used in cold oil or natural gas production flow lines to prevent the formation and plugging of the line with gas hydrates. They are often injected concomitantly with other production chemicals such as corrosion and scale inhibitors. KHIs are specific low molecular weight water-soluble polymers with amphiphilic groups formulated with synergists and solvents. However, many corrosion inhibitors (CIs) are antagonistic to the KHI polymer, severely reducing the KHI performance. It would be preferable and economic if the KHI also could act as a CI. We have explored the use of maleic-based copolymers as KHIs as well as their use as film-forming CIs. KHIs were tested using a natural gas mixture in high pressure rocking cells using the slow constant cooling test method. A terpolymer from reaction of vinyl acetate:maleic anhydride copolymer with cyclohexy lamine and 3,3-di-n-butylaminopropylamine (VA:MA-60% cHex-40% DBAPA), gave excellent performance as a KHI, better than the commercially available poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCap). CO2 corrosion inhibition was measured by Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) in a 1 litre CO2 bubble test equipment using C1018 steel coupons. The new terpolymer gave good CO2 corrosion inhibition in 3.6 wt% brine, significantly better than PVCap, but not as good as a commercial imidazoline-based surfactant corrosion inhibitor. The terpolymer also showed good corrosion inhibition efficiency at high salinity conditions, (density 1.12 g/cm3). VA:MA-60% cHex-40% DBAPA shifted the open-circuit potential to more positive values and significantly decreased the corrosion rate.
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40

Asaad Abdullah Sfoog, Almajed, Norlaili Abu Bakar, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim, Wan Rusmawati Wan Mahamod, Norhayati Hashim, and Siti Kamilah Che Soh. "Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Molecular Imprinting Polymers as a Recognition Sensing System for Food Analysis: A Review." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 6 (October 15, 2022): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.73879.

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Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) have been widely used to produce stable polymeric materials due to their highly selective binding sites to determine the analyte (target molecule) in food products. MIPs begin with a complex compound between the template molecule and the functional monomers that can be polymerized when there is a closely crossed link. MIPs left specific cavities after the removal of templates during washing, which complements the size and shape of the templates. The use of MIPs has contributed to novel advances in materials science, polymer science, natural science, and other multi-disciplinary systems. Optical chemical sensor is an exciting field in MIPs today due to comprehend the unique affirmation limit of associated polymers giving stable polymers with high molecular recognition capabilities. MIPs display a wide extent of relevance, incredible flexibility, security, and high selectivity; their internal affirmation districts can be explicitly gotten together with design molecules to achieve specific affirmation. This review covers the various achievements of sensors used in laboratory analyses. The advancement in the development of MIPs is evaluated with an accentuation on the preparation principle, the discovery process, the molecular recognition mechanism and future perspectives and challenges for MIPs in building an optical chemical sensor.
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41

Wei, Liping, Lin Wang, Ziwen Cui, Yingjun Liu, and Aihua Du. "Multifunctional Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Materials: A Brief Review." Molecules 28, no. 9 (April 30, 2023): 3836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093836.

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As a new generation of green media and functional materials, ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively investigated in scientific and industrial communities, which have found numerous ap-plications in polymeric materials. On the one hand, much of the research has determined that ILs can be applied to modify polymers which use nanofillers such as carbon black, silica, graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, etc., toward the fabrication of high-performance polymer composites. On the other hand, ILs were extensively reported to be utilized to fabricate polymeric materials with improved thermal stability, thermal and electrical conductivity, etc. Despite substantial progress in these areas, summary and discussion of state-of-the-art functionalities and underlying mechanisms of ILs are still inadequate. In this review, a comprehensive introduction of various fillers modified by ILs precedes a systematic summary of the multifunctional applications of ILs in polymeric materials, emphasizing the effect on vulcanization, thermal stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, selective permeability, electromagnetic shielding, piezoresistive sensitivity and electrochemical activity. Overall, this review in this area is intended to provide a fundamental understanding of ILs within a polymer context based on advantages and disadvantages, to help researchers expand ideas on the promising applications of ILs in polymer fabrication with enormous potential.
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42

Baek, In-Hyuk, Hyung-Seop Han, Seungyun Baik, Volkhard Helms, and Youngjun Kim. "Detection of Acidic Pharmaceutical Compounds Using Virus-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." Polymers 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10090974.

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have proven to be particularly effective chemical probes for the molecular recognition of proteins, DNA, and viruses. Here, we started from a filamentous bacteriophage to synthesize a multi-functionalized MIP for detecting the acidic pharmaceutic clofibric acid (CA) as a chemical pollutant. Adsorption and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring experiments showed that the phage-functionalized MIP had a good binding affinity for CA, compared with the non-imprinted polymer and MIP. In addition, the reusability of the phage-functionalized MIP was demonstrated for at least five repeated cycles, without significant loss in the binding activity. The results indicate that the exposed amino acids of the phage, together with the polymer matrix, create functional binding cavities that provide higher affinity to acidic pharmaceutical compounds.
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43

Zhong, Yuyue, Jianzhou Qu, Zhihang Li, Yu Tian, Fan Zhu, Andreas Blennow, and Xingxun Liu. "Rice starch multi-level structure and functional relationships." Carbohydrate Polymers 275 (January 2022): 118777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118777.

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44

Wang, Yong-Mei, Ying Xu, Zhong-Rui Yang, Xinxin Zhang, Ying Hu, and Rusen Yang. "Multi-functional lanthanide coordination polymers for multi-modal detection of nitroaromatics and trace water in organic solvents." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 598 (September 2021): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.045.

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45

Pachisia, Sanya, and Rajeev Gupta. "Architectural and catalytic aspects of designer materials built using metalloligands of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide based ligands." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 42 (2020): 14731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03058a.

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This perspective presents the design, structural and catalytic aspects of discrete complexes as well as multi-dimensional coordination polymers constructed using assorted metalloligands offering various appended functional groups.
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46

Seeta Rama Raju, G., Leah Benton, E. Pavitra, and Jae Su Yu. "Multifunctional nanoparticles: recent progress in cancer therapeutics." Chemical Communications 51, no. 68 (2015): 13248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04643b.

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In recent times, several biocompatible nanomaterials with different morphologies and compositions, such as metals, metal oxides, and polymers, have been employed as multi-functional biomaterials to target cancer cells.
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47

Smith, Ronald W., and Victoria Bryg. "Staining Polymers for Microscopical Examination." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 79, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 520–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547949.

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Abstract Polymers find widespread use in blends, graft copolymers, polymer alloys, and composites. Staining is an important tool for microscopically visualizing polymer phases and morphologies in these multi-component systems. Three stains have been used in most investigations. These stains (and the functional groups they are aimed at) are: osmium tetroxide for chemical unsaturation; ruthenium tetroxide for styrenics; and phosphotungstic acid for polyamides. Beyond these three basic stains there are a significant number of additional ones that have been developed for special cases. Aside from reacting chemically with functional groups, stains have been used as: negative (outline) stains; stains to delineate amorphous-crystalline regions; stains for microvoids, and stains for phase boundaries. Stains are most commonly transported to the target functional groups in tow ways — dissolved in liquid media or by direct contact with stain vapors. Improvisations have been developed to meet special staining problems. These improvisations most often involve: 1) chemical alteration of a polymer backbone to introduce a stainable functionality; 2) tailoring of staining media to provide adequate diffusion into the matrix; 3) preferential swelling of a blend component in order to accept a stainable moiety; 4) tactical use of a staining temperature to take advantage of differences in glass transition temperatures of blend components; and 5) optimization of chemical equilibria to expedite staining time or extent. Examples of these modifications are presented along with some cautionary notes regarding some artifact that may arise. A plea is made for more adequate descriptions of staining protocols in published articles. In too many cases there is inadequate description of staining methods and experimental duplication is put in jeopardy.
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Zhou, Huankai, Hongsheng Luo, Xingdong Zhou, Huaquan Wang, Yangrong Yao, Wenjing Lin, and Guobin Yi. "Healable, Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Shape Memory Polymers." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101732.

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Supercapacitors as novel and efficient energy storage devices could provide a higher power density and energy density compared to other electronics and devices. However, traditional supercapacitors are readily damaged, which leads to degraded performance or even failure. To make them more durable and efficient, healable flexible shape memory-based supercapacitors were unprecedentedly explored by a transfer process, in which the conductive nano-carbon networks were decorated with pseudocapacitance materials, followed by embedding them into a shape memory polymer matrix containing healing reagents. The composite exhibited flexibility, supercapacitance and self-healing capability originating from the shape memory effect and healing reagent. The morphologies, thermal, mechanical and capacitive properties, and the self-healability of the composite were investigated. In particular, the influence of the compositions on the healing efficiency was considered. The optimized composite exhibited good capacitance (27.33 mF cm−1), stability (only 4.08% capacitance loss after 1500 cycles) and healable property (up to 93% of the healing efficiency). The findings demonstrated how to endow the flexible polymeric electronics with healable bio-mimetic properties and may greatly benefit the application of intelligent polymers in the field of multi-functional electrical materials.
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Chen, Hui, Liang Guo, Wenbo Zhu, and Chunlai Li. "Recent Advances in Multi-Material 3D Printing of Functional Ceramic Devices." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214635.

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In recent years, functional ceramic devices have become smaller, thinner, more refined, and highly integrated, which makes it difficult to realize their rapid prototyping and low-cost manufacturing using traditional processing. As an emerging technology, multi-material 3D printing offers increased complexity and greater freedom in the design of functional ceramic devices because of its unique ability to directly construct arbitrary 3D parts that incorporate multiple material constituents without an intricate process or expensive tools. Here, the latest advances in multi-material 3D printing methods are reviewed, providing a comprehensive study on 3D-printable functional ceramic materials and processes for various functional ceramic devices, including capacitors, multilayer substrates, and microstrip antennas. Furthermore, the key challenges and prospects of multi-material 3D-printed functional ceramic devices are identified, and future directions are discussed.
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50

Nkosi, S., P. Mahlambi, and L. Chimuka. "Synthesis, characterisation and optimisation of bulk molecularly imprinted polymers from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." South African Journal of Chemistry 76 (2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2022/v76a09.

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The scope of this study was to synthesise and characterise the multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and to use target compounds, naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, fenoprofen and gemfibrozil as templates so as to achieve all maximum extraction efficiency for all compounds. These compounds are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) generally used by humans, as they have pain-relieving activities. MIPs are cross-linked polymeric materials that display high binding capacity and selectivity towards templates of interest. The synthesis consisted of a bulk polymerisation process at 60 °C by using NSAIDs as multi-templates, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-vinyl pyridine (2VP) and toluene as cross-linker, functional monomer and porogen, respectively. Nonimprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesised in a similar manner with the omission of the templates. Characteristics of the polymers were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). An adsorption method of NSAIDs using the bulk polymerised MIP was investigated under various pH, mass, concentration and time conditions. Other parameters included adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms. Uptake of NSAIDs from an aqueous medium was achieved with 40 mg of MIP at pH 4.0 within 10 min of contact time. The extraction efficiencies achieved for NSAIDs in aqueous solutions ranged from 90–98% for all compounds tested. The adsorption capacity obtained for MIP ranged from 1.230–1.249 mg g−1 and 0.90–1.136 mg g−1 for NIP, whereas the selectivity values ranged from 1.12–2.4. A kinetic study revealed that adsorption obeys a second-order rate, and the Langmuir model explains adsorption isotherm data. This work showed that the multi-template approach for all the target compounds has the potential to give maximum extraction efficiencies in MIP extraction systems from aqueous samples.
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