Academic literature on the topic 'Multi-fuel cell stacks system'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Multi-fuel cell stacks system.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Multi-fuel cell stacks system"
1
Calderón, Antonio José, Francisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura, and José Manuel Andújar. "Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 4924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184924.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a multi-objective model predictive control (MPC) designed for the power management of a multi-stack fuel cell (FC) system integrated into a renewable sources-based microgrid. The main advantage of MPC is the fact that it allows the current timeslot to be optimized while taking future timeslots into account. The multi-objective function solves the problem related to the power dispatch at time that includes criteria to reduce the multi-stack FC degradation, operating and maintenance costs, as well as hydrogen consumption. Regarding the scientific literature, the novelty of this paper lies in the proposal of a generalized MPC controller for a multi-stack FC that can be used independently of the number of stacks that make it up. Although all the stacks that make up the modular FC system are identical, their levels of degradation, in general, will not be. Thus, over time, each stack can present a different behavior. Therefore, the power control strategy cannot be based on an equal distribution according to the nominal power of each stack. On the contrary, the control algorithm should take advantage of the characteristics of the multi-stack FC concept, distributing operation across all the stacks regarding their capacity to produce power/energy, and optimizing the overall performance.
2
Cheng-HaoYang, Chang, Yen-HsinChan, and Chang. "A Dynamic Analysis of the Multi-Stack SOFC-CHP System for Power Modulation." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193686.
Full textAbstract:
This paper performs a dynamic analysis of a 10-kW solid oxide fuel cell/combined heat and power (SOFC-CHP) system with a multi-stack module via numerical simulations. The performance of stacks, tail gas burners, heat exchangers, and fuel reformers are modeled by the MATLAB/Simulink module. The effects of fuel and air maldistribution on SOFC-CHP systems are addressed in this work. A two-stack module for 10-kW power generation is adopted to represent the multi-stack module with high power modulation. The air flow rate and operating current, which are related to the fuel use rate of an SOFC system, should be optimally regulated to perform with maximum power generation and efficiency. The proposed dynamic analysis shows that the operating temperatures of the two stacks have a difference of 33 K, which results in a reduced total power generation of 9.77 kW, with inconsistent fuel use (FU) rates of 78.3% and 56.8% for the two stacks. With the optimal control strategy, the output power is increased to 10.6 kW, an increment of 8.5%, and the FU rates of the two stacks are improved to 79% and 70%, respectively. As a potential distributed power generator, the long-term effects of the studied SOFC-CHP systems are also investigated. The dynamic analysis of the long-term operating SOFC-CHP system shows that the total daily output power can be increased 7.34% by using the optimal control strategy.
3
Zhang, Gang, Su Zhou, Jianhua Gao, Lei Fan, and Yanda Lu. "Stacks multi-objective allocation optimization for multi-stack fuel cell systems." Applied Energy 331 (February 2023): 120370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120370.
Full text
4
Linderoth, Søren, Peter Halvor Larsen, M. Mogensen, Peter V. Hendriksen, N. Christiansen, and H. Holm-Larsen. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Development in Denmark." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1309.
Full textAbstract:
The SOFC technology under development at Risø National Laboratory (RISØ) and Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S (TOFC) is based on an integrated approach ranging from basic materials research on single component level over development of cell and stack manufacturing technology to system studies and modelling. The effort also comprises an extensive cell and stack testing program. Systems design, development and test is pursued by TOFC in collaboration with various partners. The standard cells are thin and robust with dimensions of 12 x 12 cm2 and cell stacks are based on internal manifolding. Production of cells is being up-scaled continuously. The durability of the standard stack design with standard cells has been tested for more than 13000 hours including nine full thermal cycles with an overall voltage degradation rate of about 1% per 1000 hours. Recently, the degradation rate has been significantly reduced by introduction of improved stack component materials. 75-cell stacks in the 1+ kW power range have been tested successfully. Stacks have been delivered in a pre-reduced state to partners and tested successfully in test systems with natural gas as fuel. The consortium of TOFC and RISØ has an extended program to develop the SOFC technology all the way to a marketable product. Stack and system modelling including cost optimisation analysis is used to develop multi kW stack modules for operation in the temperature range 700-850oC. To ensure the emergence of cost-competitive solutions, a special effort is focused on larger anode-supported cells as well as a new generation of SOFCs based on porous metal supports and new electrode and electrolyte materials. The SOFC program comprises development of next generation of cells and multi stack modules for operation at lower temperature with increased durability and mechanical robustness in order to ensure long-term competitiveness.
5
Ma, Zhiwen, Ramki Venkataraman, and Mohammad Farooque. "Study of the Gas Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer for Externally Manifolded Fuel Cell Stack Module Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2004): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1794155.
Full textAbstract:
Uniform gas flow distribution in a fuel cell system is desired to attain maximum power operation potential. Two types of manifold systems are often used in fuel cell stacks; they are internal manifold system and external manifold system. This paper presents the modeling approach using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method in analyzing fluid flow and heat transfer for the external manifold fuel cell stacks and stack module design. Computational models based on a Megawatt carbonate fuel cell stack module have been developed for investigating the fuel and oxidant flow distributions through the external manifold systems. This paper presents the modeling approaches and flow and temperature distribution results for externally manifolded fuel cell stack and stack module.
6
Zhou, Su, Gang Zhang, Lei Fan, Jianhua Gao, and Fenglai Pei. "Scenario-oriented stacks allocation optimization for multi-stack fuel cell systems." Applied Energy 308 (February 2022): 118328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118328.
Full text
7
R.Kennady, Et al. "Combining Start-Stop Techniques to Manage a Fuel Cell Cluster in an Electric Car." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i1.9800.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents a method for controlling a fuel cell group in an electric vehicle. The method involves dividing a high-power fuel cell stack into multiple small-power fuel cell stacks and starting and stopping them in a grouping manner during the vehicle's operation. The small-power fuel cell stacks are started based on the vehicle's running state and stopped based on the performance degradation of each individual stack. The proposed method improves the efficiency and fuel economy of the power system, reduces performance degradation of fuel cells, extends the service life of the fuel cell power system, and provides significant practical value.
8
Zuo, Jian, Catherine Cadet, Zhongliang Li, Christophe Berenguer, and Rachid Outbib. "Post-prognostics decision making for a two-stacks fuel cell system based on a load-dependent deterioration model." PHM Society European Conference 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phme.2020.v5i1.1270.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-stacks proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system has been applied to combined heat and power system (CHP), and serves as an alternative energy device due to its high efficiency and zero emission. Owing to the limited durability and larger power supply demand, the management of multi-stacks PEMFC system to obtain a longer service time has received recently growing attention. From the prognostics and health management (PHM) point of view, a post-prognostics decision making for multi-stacks PEMFC system is addressed in this work. Firstly, a load-dependent stochastic deterioration model is proposed for PEMFC. The overall ohmic resistance is chosen as the health indicator of PEMFC. Then the resistance is modeled using a Gamma process whose shape parameter is taken as a function of the current load applied to the stack. Finally, for the post-prognostics decision making phase, a decision probability based load repartition criterion is built to identify the optimal load split between the two stacks. The decision probability is calculated based on the system lifetime results (EoL) in each decision step. The EoL results of the decision phase are further compared with the system EoL that calculated without decision making strategy. The comparison result shows that extended service time can be achieved using the proposed post-prognostics decision making method.
9
Yun, Sanghyun, Jinwon Yun, and Jaeyoung Han. "Development of a 470-Horsepower Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Xcient Dynamic Model Using SimscapeTM." Energies 16, no. 24 (December 15, 2023): 8092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16248092.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are employed in trucks and large commercial vehicles utilizing hydrogen as fuel due to their rapid start-up characteristics and responsiveness. However, addressing the requirement for high power output in the low-current section presents a challenge. To solve this issue, a multi-stack can be applied using two stacks. Furthermore, thermal management, which significantly affects the performance of the stacks, is essential. Therefore, in this study, a hydrogen electric truck system model was developed based on a Hyundai Xcient hydrogen electric truck model using MATLAB/SimscapeTM 2022b. In addition, the system’s performance and thermal characteristics were evaluated and analyzed under different road environments and wind conditions while driving in Korea.
10
Kruusenberg, Ivar, Kush Chadha, and Taarini Atal. "High Power Density Fuel Cell Systems for Portable Electric Generators." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 26 (July 7, 2022): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01261234mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
It is of utmost importance to develop light weight fuel cell stacks and find the ways to integrate these to light weight and low temperature fuel cell systems. In order to meet the future energy demands non-polluting, compact, transportation and portable applications are required. Current energy systems have lower power density (kW/kg) resulting in optimized power only at higher overall weight. Systems with higher power density demands higher initial setup costs. Low temperature PEMFC, on other hand offers various advantages but fails to provide the required output without exceeding the weight of the fuel cell stack and thereby fuel cell systems. A fuel cell system consists of a fuel cell stack, compressed gas in cylinder, pressure relief valves, regulators, water pump, sensors and cvm. A fuel cell stack is the main component consisting of one of the devices with maximum weight and cost contribution. In such case, developing a system with stack having higher power density reduces overall weight and increases power density (kW/kg). PowerUP Energy Technologies has developed light weight fuel cell stack to achieve higher power density. Experiments considering flow field designs, recirculation strategy, different anode configuration has been a subject of study. Dead-end anode, closed cathode configuration of fuel cell stack further improves fuel utilization. Recirculation line of hydrogen if further added can improve in overall fuel utilization. Counter flow arrangement for reactant distribution further removes the necessity of humidifying the gases. This result in removal of humidifiers and thereby reducing the weight of the fuel cell system in total. Portable fuel cell systems have flexibility for ease in transportation and stationery solutions. Furthermore, lighter fuel cell stacks add advantage for higher output power at lower overall weights. This stack developed is further optimized with improved flow field designs and design of manifold. These fuel cell stacks are used in PowerUP’s portable fuel cell electric generators that are more efficient and sustainable than the currently used fossil fuel based solutions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multi-fuel cell stacks system"
1
Hard, Kevin. "PEM fuel cell multi-phase system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13198/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an experimental investigation into the feasibility of using a functionally thermal fluid to enhance the performance of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell. Specifically, a fluid was developed that utilised a liquid-solid phase change to enhance heat transport within the fuel cell. Increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient could permit the use of smaller volumetric flow rates and reduce pumping power. The objective of the thermal fluid was to create isothermal conditions across a fuel cell and to reduce parasitic loadings from pumps and other components to enhance the overall system performance. Additionally, the fluid could reduce the system size and component cost, and stabilise temperature fluctuations within the system. The thermal fluid that was developed constituted a mix of fine, Microencapsulated Phase Change Material (MicroPCM) particles suspended in a single-phase working fluid. For successful integration with the fuel cell, the microPCMs thermal and fluid properties, and their effectiveness in transferring heat, had to be fully characterised and understood. Research consisted of experimental investigations of the fuel cell, followed by microPCM development. Experimentation on the fuel cell stack revealed a requirement for thermal stability and reduction in parasitic load from the pumps. Quantitative characterisation and development of the microPCM properties involved state of the art equipment to measure the latent heat of fusion, melting and freezing points, surface morphology and viscosity of the microPCM slurry. The effects of repeated use of solid to liquid phase change particles upon melting and solidification were studied. This lead to the further development of microPCM particles and experimentally examined in a fuel cell system. The use of MicroPCM developed in this study balanced the improvement in thermal capacity of the fluid with the increase in pumping load, when compared to the use of water alone. The study suggested that with further development of the microPCM slurry, it has the potential to significantly increase the thermal capacity of the fluid and stabilise temperatures across the fuel cell, which in turn would results in improved stack performance and electrical conversion efficiency.
2
Sanchez, Antonio. "Energy management in electric systems fed by fuel cell stacks." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590217.
Full textAbstract:
The growth of distributed energy resources together with the incorporation of new technologies in the generation and storage of energy are imposing new control and operational strategies. Due to its storage capability and that it is considered to be clean energy; fuel cell (FC) is one of the most promissory technologies as a stationary energy source in micro grids and also in transportation applications. Therefore, two main issues are addressed in this work; the conception, design, and setup of a fully instrumented test bench for proton exchange membrane (PEM) FC stacks and the design and experimental test of a new dynamic energy-exchange control strategy for multi source and multi load systems. To define the test bench instrument requirements, in the first part a complete dynamic model review is given. In the next section, relevant information regarding the setup of the FC test bench design and implementation is included, i.e., specification criteria of the instruments and acquisition and data display system. Some experimental results are performed in order to demonstrate the potentialities of the setup. In the following chapter, a new dynamic energy exchange control strategy (DSER) is introduced and tested in a two port system via simulation and experimentation. In order to establish a comparison and integrate the DSER in a FC application, in the fifth chapter a three port system - including a static model of FC - and two different control approaches, are tested via simulation. The thesis is closed with some concluding remarks and some potential research topics generated from this work.
3
Miller, Matthew Michael. "Modeling, Designing, Building, and Testing a Microtubular Fuel Cell Stack Power Supply System for Micro Air Vehicle (MAVs)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76880.
Full textAbstract:
Research and prototyping of a fuel cell stack system for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) was conducted by Virginia Tech in collaboration with Luna Innovations, Inc, in an effort to replace the lithium battery technology currently powering these devices. Investigation of planar proton exchange membrane (PEM) and direct methanol (DM) fuel cells has shown that these sources of power are viable alternatives to batteries for electronics, computers, and automobiles. However, recent investigation about the use of microtubular fuel cells (MTFCs) suggests that, due to their geometry and active surface areas, they may be more effective as a power source where size is an issue. This research focuses on hydrogen MTFCs and how their size and construction within a stack affects the power output supplied to a MAV, a small unmanned aircraft used by the military for reconnaissance and other purposes. In order to conduct this research effectively, a prototype of a fuel cell stack was constructed given the best cell characteristics investigated, and the overall power generation system to be implemented within the MAV was modeled using a computer simulation program.
The results from computer modeling indicate that the MTFC stack system and its balance of system components can eliminate the need for any batteries in the MAV while effectively supplying the power necessary for its operation. The results from the model indicate that a hydrogen storage tank, given that it uses sodium borohydride (NaBH4), can fit inside the fuselage volume of the baseline MAV considered. Results from the computer model also indicate that between 30 and 60 MTFCs are needed to power a MAV for a mission time of one hour to ninety minutes, depending on the operating conditions. In addition, the testing conducted on the MTFCs for the stack prototype has shown power densities of 1.0, an improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the initial MTFCs fabricated for this project. Thanks to the results of MTFC testing paired with computer modeling and prototype fabrication, a MTFC stack system may be possible for implementation within an MAV in the foreseeable future.Master of Science
4
Erkan, Serdar. "Development Of 100w Portable Fuel Cell System Working With Sodium Borohydride." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613564/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Fuel cells are electricity generators which convert chemical energy of hydrogen directly to electricity by means of electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions. A single proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell can only generate electricity with a potential between 0.5V and 1V. The useful potential can be achieved by stacking cells in series to form a PEM fuel cell stack. There is a potential to utilize 100W class fuel cells. Fuelling is the major problem of the portable fuel cells.
The aim of this thesis is to design and manufacture a PEM fuel cell stack which can be used for portable applications. The PEM fuel cell stack is planned to be incorporated to a NaBH4 hydrolysis reactor for H2 supply. Within the scope of this thesis a new coating technique called &ldquoultrasonic spray coating technique&rdquo
is developed for membrane electrode assembly (MEA) manufacturing. New metal and graphite bipolar plates are designed and manufactured by CNC technique. A fuel cell controller hardware is developed for fuel supply and system control. The power densities reached with the new method are 0.53, 0.74, 0.77, and 0.88 W/cm2 for 20%, 40%, 50%, 70% Pt/C catalyst by keeping 0.4mg Pt/cm2 platinum loading constant, respectively. The power density increase is 267% compared to &ldquo
spraying of catalyst ink with air pressure atomizing spray gun&rdquo
. All parts of the PEM fuel cell stack designed were produced, assembled, and tested. The current density reached is 12.9A at 12 V stack potential and the corresponding electrical power of the stack is 155W.
5
Wu, Xinying. "Reliability Assessment of a Continuous-state Fuel Cell Stack System with Multiple Degrading Components." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556794664723115.
Full text
6
Sundaresan, Meenakshi. "A thermal model to evaluate sub-freezing startup for a direct hydrogen hybrid fuel cell vehicle polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack and system /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full text
7
Yin, Liangzhen. "Intelligent control for performance optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA013.
Full textAbstract:
Le système de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC) a été considéré comme la nouvelle technologie de production d'énergie, car il présente l'avantage d'une densité de puissance élevée, d'une absence d'émissions, d'un rendement élevé et d'un démarrage rapide. C'est pourquoi cette thèse est consacrée à la recherche sur l'intégration du système, le contrôle des paramètres du système et l'optimisation des performances du système pour les systèmes PEMFC à cathode ouverte et à cathode fermée. Pour les systèmes PEMFC à cathode ouverte, la température de la pile est le facteur clé affectant la performance de sortie du système. Afin d'améliorer les performances de suivi dynamique de la température dans des conditions de changement de charge, un contrôle adaptatif inverse et une prédiction grise basés sur un contrôle adaptatif sans modèle sont proposés pour un contrôle optimal de la température du système. En outre, afin d'améliorer l'efficacité du système, une stratégie de contrôle de l'efficacité maximale basée sur l'optimisation de l'efficacité maximale et la commande prédictive généralisée par contrainte est proposée dans cette thèse. Pour le système PEMFC à cathode fermée, compte tenu de la non-linéarité existante et du fort couplage entre les paramètres de fonctionnement tels que la température de la pile et le taux d'excès d'oxygène (OER), une stratégie de contrôle multivariable à double boucle basée sur un contrôle adaptatif en mode glissant sans modèle MIMO est proposée pour la régulation de la température de la pile et du débit d'air du système PEMFC à cathode fermée. En outre, un banc d'essai de système PEMFC à cathode ouverte de 300 W et un banc d'essai de système PEMFC à cathode fermée de 5 kW sont établis. Toutes les stratégies de contrôle et d'optimisation des performances sont vérifiées sur le banc d'essai des systèmes PEMFC à cathode ouverte et à cathode ferméeProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system has been considered as the new power generation technology as it has the advantage of high power density, zero emission, high efficiency, and fast start-up characteristics. Therefore, this thesis is devoted to researching system integration, system parameter trcking control, and system performance optimization for open-cathode and closed-cathode PEMFC systems. For open-cathode PEMFC system, the stack temperature is the key factor sffecting the output performance of the system. In order to improve the dynamic temperature tracking performance under load changing conditions, adaptive inverse control and grey prediction based model free adaptive control is proposed for optimal temperature control of system. Further, in order to enhance the system efficiency of system, a maximum efficiency control strategy based on maximum efficiency optimization and constraint generalized predictive control is proposed in this thesis. For closed-cathode PEMFC system, considering the existed nonlinearity and strong coupling between operating parameters such as stack temperature and oxygen excess ratio (OER), a dual loop multivariable control strategy based on MIMO model free adaptive sliding mode control is proposed for stack temperature and air flow rate regulation of closed-cathode PEMFC system. Moreover, a 300 W open-cathode PEMFC system test bench and a 5-kW closed-cathode PEMFC system tests bench are established. All the control strategies and the performance optimization strategies are verified on the established test bench of open-cathode and closed-cathode PEMFC systems
8
Rosich, Oliva Albert. "Sensor placement for fault diagnosis based on structural models: application to a fuel cell stak system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/53635.
Full textAbstract:
The present work aims to increase the diagnosis systems capabilities by choosing the location of sensors in the process. Therefore, appropriate sensor location will lead to better diagnosis performance and implementation easiness. The work is based on structural models ands some simplifications are considered in order to only focus on the sensor placement analysis. Several approaches are studied to solve the sensor placement problem. All of them find the optimal sensor configuration.
The sensor placement techniques are applied to a fuel cell stack system. The model used to describe the behaviour of this system consists of non-linear equations. Furthermore, there are 30 candidate sensors to improve the diagnosis specifications. The results obtained from this case study are used to strength the applicability of the proposed approaches.El present treball té per objectiu incrementar les prestacions dels diagnosticadors mitjançant la localització de sensors en el procés. D'aquesta manera, instal·lant els sensors apropiats s'obtenen millors diagnosticador i més facilitats d'implementació. El treball està basat en models estructurals i contempla una sèrie de simplificacions per tal de entrar-se només en la problemàtica de la localització de sensors. S'utilitzen diversos enfocs per tal de resoldre la localització de sensors, tot ells tenen com objectiu trobar la configuració òptima de sensors. Les tècniques de localització de sensors són aplicades a un sistema basat en una pila de combustible. El model d'aquest sistema està format per equacions no lineals. A més, hi ha la possibilitat d'instal·lar fins a 30 sensors per tal de millorar la diagnosis del sistema. Degut a aquestes característiques del sistema i del model, els resultats obtinguts mitjançant aquest cas d'estudi reafirmen l'aplicabilitat dels mètodes proposats.
9
SENNA, ROQUE M. de. "Desenvolvimento e demonstração de funcionamento de um sistema híbrido de geração de energia elétrica, com tecnologia nacional, composto por módulo de células a combustível tipo PEMFC e acumulador chumbo ácido." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10121.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
10
Payman, Alireza. "Contribution à la gestion d'énergie dans les systèmes hybrides multi-sources multi-charges." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL038N/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire propose une stratégie de contrôle sans commutation d’algorithme pour un système hybride constituée d’une pile à combustible comme source principale et d’un pack de supercondensateurs comme source auxiliaire. Trois structures de système hybride ont été étudiées. Après avoir évoqué les différentes structures des systèmes hybrides électriques et des techniques utilisées pour les contrôler, deux approches sont traitées. La première est basée sur la notion de platitude permettant d’assurer la gestion des flots d’énergie dans une source hybride et plus généralement dans un système multi sources/multi charges. La stratégie proposée repose sur la génération d’un modèle d’ordre réduit du système et la gestion des flots d’énergie via des trajectoires de référence de certaines grandeurs énergétiques du système. L’impact de ce mode de contrôle sur le dimensionnement des éléments passifs (inductances, condensateurs) de la source hybride a été expliqué. Dans la deuxième stratégie, l’énergie totale stockée dans les hacheurs est prise en compte dans l’élaboration de la commande du système multi sources/multi charges en utilisant une linéarisation entrée/sortie sur les convertisseurs des charges. Un observateur non linéaire a été proposé pour estimer la variation de la caractéristique statique de pile à combustible et permet de garantir un fonctionnement optimal du système hybride. Les architectures de puissance et les modes de commande proposés ont été validés par des résultats simulés et/ou expérimentauxThis work deals with a nonlinear control strategy of an electrical hybrid system which is composed of a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor bank as the auxiliary source. Any algorithm commutation is not used in the proposed control strategy whereas the system works in different operating modes. After a review of various structures of the electrical hybrid systems and different control methods of these systems, two new approaches are developed. The first one is flatness-based method to ensure the energy management in the proposed hybrid systems and generally in a multi source / multi loads system. The proposed strategy is based on generation of a reduced-order model of the system. The energy management is carried out through the reference trajectories of the stored electrostatic energy of the system. The effect of the proposed control method on design of the system components (inductors and capacitors) is explained. In the second approach, the total energy stored in the choppers is taken into account to control the load converters of a multi-source/multi load system by use of the input/output linearization method. A nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate the variation of voltage-power output characteristic of the fuel cell which leads to an optimal performance of the hybrid system. The simulation and experimental results prove validity of the proposed control strategy
Books on the topic "Multi-fuel cell stacks system"
1
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Effects of the cooling system parameters on heat transfer and performance of the PAFC stack during transient operation. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland State University, 1992.
Find full text
2
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Effects of the cooling system parameters on heat transfer and performance of the PAFC stack during transient operation. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland State University, 1992.
Find full text
3
Obara, Shin'ya. Distributed energy systems. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.
Find full text
4
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy. Assessment of fuel economy technologies for light-duty vehicles. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2011.
Find full text
5
Kokodyniak, Gerald William. Design of a KOH bipolar fuel cell stack system. 1985.
Find full text
6
Pershina, K. D., and K. O. Kazdobin. Impedance spectroscopy of electrolytic materials. V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/guide.2012.224.
Full textAbstract:
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is playing an increasingly significant role in fundamental and applied research: to study any type of solid and liquid materials (ionic, mixed, semiconductor, and insulators), to study charge transfer in heterogeneous systems, including phase boundaries, electrode boundaries, and elements of the microstructure. With the help of EIS, it is possible to study the behavior of chemical sensors, fuel cells, batteries, and corrosion processes. The base of the method stays on the principle of exciting any electrochemical system with a signal in the form of a sinusoidal wave and observing its behavior in response to this disturbance. This is the simplest method for determining the structural and transport functions of the system under study. This is the simplest method for determining the structural and transport functions of the system under study. The book discusses the theoretical foundations of the method of impedance spectroscopy, including the method of equivalent circuits, and provides examples of the analysis of impedance spectra for real objects. The main attention is paid to the model elements of equivalent circuits, their physical base, and the use of the models in the analysis of electrochemical systems. Handbook consists of seven chapters. It has questions and tasks to self-work after each part. It is intended for students of chemical, chemical-technological, and biomedical specialties, as well as for specialists engaged in research in the field of materials science, medicine, and ecology.
7
Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Intraoperative monitoring. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0043.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 25 introduced some basic generic principles applicable to many measurement and monitoring techniques. Chapter 43 introduces those principles not covered in Chapter 25 and discusses in detail the clinical applications and limitations of the many monitoring techniques available to the modern clinical anaesthetist. It starts with non-invasive blood pressure measurement, including clinical and automated techniques. This is followed by techniques of direct blood pressure measurement, noting that transducers and calibration have been discussed in Chapter 25. This is followed by electrocardiography. There then follows a section on the different methods of measuring cardiac output, including the pulmonary artery catheter, the application of ultrasound in echocardiography, pulse contour analysis (LiDCO™ and PiCCO™), and transthoracic electrical impedance. Pulse oximetry is then discussed in some detail. Depth of anaesthesia monitoring is then described, starting with the electroencephalogram and its application in BIS™ monitors, the use of evoked potentials, and entropy. There then follow sections on gas pressure measurement in cylinders and in breathing systems, followed by gas volume and flow measurement, including the rotameter, spirometry, and the pneumotachograph, and the measurement of lung dead space and functional residual capacity using body plethysmography and dilution techniques. The final section is on respiratory gas analysis, starting with light refractometry as the standard against which other techniques are compared, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy (the principles of these techniques having been introduced in Chapter 25), piezoelectric and paramagnetic analysers, polarography and fuel cells, and blood gas analysis.
Book chapters on the topic "Multi-fuel cell stacks system"
1
Hsu, Che-Jung, Cheng-Huei Lin, Chih-Hung Lee, Li-Duan Tsai, and Chien-Ming Lai. "High Efficiency Fuel Cell Stack and Key Technologies of Power Module." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 422–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_41.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this paper, the development of key technologies in fuel cell stacks and fuel cell power modules are reported, with emphasis on high-volume production (>10,000 units/year). Fuel cell stack design is focused on the development of high-efficiency membrane electrode assemblies (≧300 mA/cm2 @0.8 V) suitable for continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing and high volumetric efficiency stacks (1.5 kW/L) with power rating of at least 10 kW. Power module design focuses on the union of liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, smart power conditioning technology, battery, hydrogen storage system and balance-of-plant into a fully-integrated, drop-in unit for MHE (Material Handling Equipment) systems. Technical verification was conducted by integrating the fuel cell power module into an automated guided vehicle as a turn-key replacement for the original power system. Power module performance was demonstrated with continuous current loading up to 240 A and peak current loading of 300 A. All core technologies of the fuel cell power module are deliverable as a free-standing total solution, expanding the potential applications beyond vehicle systems, and allowing rapid commercialization of related technologies.
2
Li, Duankai, and Guorui Zhang. "Coordinated Control Technology for Multi-stack Fuel Cell System." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 159–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8581-4_17.
Full text
3
Pukrushpan, Jay T., Anna G. Stefanopoulou, and Huei Peng. "Fuel Cell System Model: Fuel Cell Stack." In Advances in Industrial Control, 31–56. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3792-4_3.
Full text
4
Hagen, Anke. "SOFCCell, Stack and System Level." In Fuel Cells : Data, Facts and Figures, 304–20. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693924.ch31.
Full text
5
Christiansen, Niels. "Fuel Cell Systems for APU. SOFCCell, Stack, and Systems." In Fuel Cells : Data, Facts and Figures, 248–56. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693924.ch25.
Full text
6
Tong, Guangyao, Fengxiang Chen, Tao Li, Shuo Xu, Wei Shen, and Su Zhou. "Modeling and Simulation of PEMFC Supply System with Oxygen and Air Mixing." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 383–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_37.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWith the growing energy crisis and environmental problems in recent years, the green energy technology represented by fuel cell technology has been developing rapidly. Since air contains a large amount of nitrogen that does not participate in the reaction, the circulation of nitrogen in the cathode gas supply system will increase the power consumption of the air compressor, resulting in a lower net power output of the fuel cell system. In order to improve the output performance of the fuel cell system, a new fuel cell cathode gas supply system with oxygen and air mixing is proposed in this paper, and the research results show that this topology can effectively increase the output power of the stack and reduce the power consumption of the air compressor, which can eventually increase the net power of the system to more than 10%. This study provides an effective theoretical guide for the design of fuel cell system and the optimal matching of cathode gas supply system.
7
Liu, Ze, Sichuan Xu, and Baitao Zhang. "Development and Validation of a 100 kW-Class Fuel Cell System Controller for Passenger Cars." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 69–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFuel cell (FC) vehicle is an important technology route to achieve carbon neutrality in transportation. This paper examines the integration, system control, and performance test of a high-power self-humidifying fuel cell system for passenger cars. Firstly, a high specific power FC system integration scheme is designed, and a highly integrated 100 kW self-humidifying fuel cell system is realized based on the installation requirements of passenger cars. Then, the system controller application layer is developed using Matlab/Simulink and the controller rapid development prototype for complete closed-loop control of each subsystem, such as hydrogen supply, air supply, cooling, and electrical management. Finally, the performance dynamics experiment of the 100 kW FC system is conducted based on the developed system controller. The results show that the developed system controller provides high-quality control effects of operating parameters such as air flow and pressure, hydrogen supply pressure, and cooling water temperature for the stack to meet different operating requirements. The highest efficiency of the system reaches 62%, and the coefficient of variation (Cv) of the cell voltages is controlled to be less than 1%. This study contribute to accelerate the deployment and application of high-power FC systems in passenger cars.
8
Yang, Quan, Abdel Aitouche, and Belkacem Ould Bouamama. "Structural Analysis for Fault Detection and Isolation in Fuel Cell Stack System." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 239–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03454-1_25.
Full text
9
Höflinger, Johannes, Peter Hofmann, and Bernhard Geringer. "Dynamic multi-parameter sensitive modeling of a PEM fuel cell system for BEV range extender applications." In Proceedings, 171–90. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26056-9_11.
Full text
10
Adenuga, Olukorede Tijani, Khumbulani Mpofu, and Thobelani Mathenjwa. "Energy Efficiency for Manufacturing Using PV, FSC, and Battery-Super Capacitor Design to Enhance Sustainable Clean Energy Load Demand." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 259–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_26.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEnergy efficiency (EE) are recognized globally as a critical solution towards reduction of energy consumption, while the management of global carbon dioxide emission complement climate change. EE initiatives drive is a key factor towards climate change mitigation with variable renewable technologies. The paper aimed to design and simulate photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell stack (FCS) systems, and battery-super capacitor energy storage to enhance sustainable clean energy load demand and provide significant decarbonization potentials. An integration of high volume of data in real-time was obtained and energy mix fraction towards low carbon emission mitigation pathway strategy for grid linked renewables electricity generation was proposed as a solution for the future transport manufacturing energy supplement in South Africa. The interrelationship between energy efficiency and energy intensity variables are envisaged to result in approximately 87.6% of global electricity grid production; electricity energy demand under analysis can reduce the CO2 emissions by 0.098 metric tons and CO2 savings by 99.587 per metric tons. The scope serves as a fundamental guideline for future studies in the future transport manufacturing with provision of clean energy and sufficient capacity to supply the demand for customers within the manufacturing.
Conference papers on the topic "Multi-fuel cell stacks system"
1
Zhou, Su, Gang Zhang, Zixiang Wang, Lei Fan, and Fenglai Pei. "Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System Stacks Allocation Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithms." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0689.
Full text
2
Lee, Taehee, Jin Hyeok Choi, Mi-hwa Choi, and Young-Sung Yoo. "Development of kW Class Planar Type SOFC Stacks and a 5kW Class Cogeneration System." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33265.
Full textAbstract:
Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI) has studied anode-supported planar type SOFCs and cogeneration systems. The cell was composed of NiO-YSZ/YSZ/LSCF and the fabrication process of 10 × 10 cm2 and 15 × 15 cm2 cells was established. KEPRI successfully manufactured and operated a 1 kW class SOFC cogeneration system in 2008. The 1 kW stack was made of 48 cells with 10 × 10 cm2 area and ferritic stainless steel interconnectors. The 1 kW system showed about 1.3 kWDC power with hydrogen and 1.2 kWDC with a city gas under self-sustained operating condition. The system also recuperated heat of about 1.1 kW by making hot water. A 5 kW SOFC system consisted of a hot box part and a cold BOP part for the effective thermal management. The hot box part included 2 sub-module stacks, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor and heat exchangers. A sub-module stack was designed to comprise 65 cells with 15 × 15 cm2 area and ferritic stainless steel interconnectors. The system was manufactured and tested using short stacks.
3
Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein, Joseph McInerney, Ramki Venkataraman, Mohammad Farooque, and Robert Sanderson. "Development of Direct Carbonate Fuel Cell Systems for Achieving Ultra High Efficiency." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33103.
Full textAbstract:
FuelCell Energy, Inc (FCE) has developed products based on its Direct FuelCell® (DFC®) technology with efficiencies near 50 percent based on lower heating value of (LHV) of natural gas. DFC is an internally reformed molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) which operates in the 550–700 C range. The combination of the internal reforming of methane and atmospheric pressure and moderately high temperature of operation has resulted in very simple power plant system configurations. Recently, FCE has developed system concepts to further increase the net electric efficiency to beyond 60% efficiency in subMW and MW class power plants. One of these system concepts is the arrangement of the fuel cell stacks in series for very high utilization of fuel in the stacks. Although, in principle, the concept of fuel cell stacks in series is very simple, the implementation of the concept in the actual hardware poses challenges requiring innovative solutions. These challenges include concerns with thermo-mechanical issues, flow and utilization patterns within the fuel cell stacks, and management of the pressure balance between the anode-and-cathode. To address, these issues, various analytical tools including system-level modeling and simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were utilized. FCE has developed a comprehensive fuel cell stack operation simulation model including hydrodynamics, kinetics, electro-chemical, and heat transfer mechanisms to investigate and optimize the design for performance as well as endurance. Various system configurations were developed which included methods for fueling the second tier stacks in the series. System simulation studies using first principle mass and energy conversation laws were performed. Parametric studies were completed. Subsequent to the system modeling results, the fuel cell stacks operations were analyzed using the Comprehensive Stack Simulation model. The CFD modeling of the fuel cell stacks were performed in support of the system simulation parametric studies. The results of the CFD modeling provided insight to the thermal and flow profiles of both first and second tier stacks in series. The net outcome of the investigation was the design of the system which met the goals of ultra high efficiency and yet complied with the thermo-mechanical requirements of the fuel cell stack components. In this paper, FCE will describe various system options for the very high efficiency systems, the issues related to the design, and the practical solutions to overcome the issues.
4
Jin, Yapeng, Tanghu Yuan, Lei Fan, and Su Zhou. "Research on Cold Start Strategy of Vehicle Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System." In SAE 2023 Vehicle Powertrain Diversification Technology Forum. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7036.
Full textAbstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To study the cold start of muti-stack fuel cell system (MFCS), a novel thermal management subsystem structure and corresponding cold start strategies are proposed. Firstly, leveraging the distinctive configuration of the MFCS that can be sequentially initiated, we augmented the existing thermal management subsystem with the incorporation of two additional collection valves and two bypass diverter valves, which affords an increased degree of flexibility in the formulation of cold-start strategies. Secondly, we innovatively propose a hierarchical auxiliary heating cold start strategy and an average auxiliary heating cold start tailored for MFCS consisting of power levels of 20 kW, 70 kW, and 120 kW. Furthermore, we have developed a controller to address temperature control challenges during the start-up process. The results demonstrate that the multi-stack hierarchical auxiliary heating cold start strategy yields a significant reduction in energy consumption and startup time during the cold-start process, in comparison to the average preheating strategy. Moreover, when prioritizing the preheating of the 20 kW stack, its energy consumption metric and start-up time are further improved by preemptively preheating other stacks, resulting in a 20% reduction in startup time and a concurrent 20.39% decrease in energy consumption.</div></div>
5
Das, Susanta K., Etim U. Ubong, Antonio Reis, and K. Joel Berry. "Experimental Performance Comparison of a Single Cell and Multi-Cell Stack of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Prototype." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33175.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we experimentally studied our newly designed and built single cell and multi-cell high temperature (140°C∼180°C) polymer electrolyte membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell stack prototype at different operating conditions to investigate the effects of operating temperature, pressure and CO concentration on the cell performance. In particular, the effects of these parameters on the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell stack are investigated extensively. Experimental results obtained from both the single cell and multi-cell stack with high temperature PBI-based membrane show that the high CO tolerance at high operating temperature of HTPEM fuel cell stack makes it possible to feed the reformate gas directly from the reformer without further CO removal. In order to develop design parameters for fuel reformer, experimental data of this type would be very useful. The experimental results revealed the fact that a fuel reformer is a consumer of heat and water, and the HTPEM fuel cell stacks are a producer of heat and water. Therefore, the integration of the fuel cell stack and the reformer is expected to improve the entire system’s performance and efficiency. The results obtained from this study showed significant variations in current-voltage characteristics of HTPEM fuel cell stack at different temperatures with different CO poisoning rates. The results are promising to understand the overall system performance development strategy of HTPEM fuel cell in terms of current-voltage characteristics while fed with on-site reformate with different CO ratios in the anode fuel stream.
6
Lindahl, Peter A., and Steven R. Shaw. "Reference Based Fuel Cell Stack Simulator." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33315.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a test system which uses the current and voltage relationship of a single fuel cell or small scale stack as a reference for reproducing the electrical terminals of a full stack. The voltage of the reference cell is measured and amplified by the simulator to the voltage level that would be generated by a large scale fuel cell stack. This scaled voltage can be applied to a realistic load for studying stack / load interactions, stack electro-chemical performance characteristics and cell durability. This reference simulator system provides an alternative in stack / load studies to costly and cumbersome power level fuel cell stacks while providing more realistic results than model-based stack simulators. The simulator system was tested using a single InDEC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) scaled to simulate a 21 cell stack. Data from these tests are included and show good steady-state and dynamic accuracy.
7
Supra, Jen, Holger Janßen, Werner Lehnert, and Detlef Stolten. "Cooling Methods for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89326.
Full textAbstract:
One promising future application for a high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) stack coupled with a reformer is an auxiliary power unit (APU) for mobile applications using diesel or kerosene which is also used for the main engine. Despite of the high efficiency of a HT-PEFC, the stack has to be cooled during operation. Hence, this work focuses on the investigation of different cooling strategies regarding the complete system, the use of heat transfer oil as cooling medium is fixed in this contribution. In detail, three cooling methods to maintain operating temperature in stacks with more than 1 kW electrical power and large active areas (> 200 cm2 per cell) were analyzed. In the first method heat transfer oil flows through the stack in internal channels that are located on the backside of the cathode-side bipolar plate. In the second cooling arrangement the oil flows through capsuled cooling cells, which are arranged between every third electrochemical cell. For the third cooling method the excellent heat conducting properties of heat pipes are used. Outside the stack, the heat is removed by heat transfer oil from the overlapping heat pipes. These three methods were evaluated experimentally and with CFD simulations. In this paper the detailed measurements of the temperature distributions are presented containing the overall result that all cooling methods are applicable to maintain the temperatures of large HT-PEFC stacks during the operation in an APU system.
8
Ukai, Kenji, Yasuhisa Nakamura, Yasunobu Mizutani, Koji Hisada, Misuzu Yokoyama, Masato Yasuhara, Kohki Nagai, et al. "Development of Planar Type SOFC Stacks Operable Under Rapid Starting." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97188.
Full textAbstract:
Toho Gas Co. Ltd. and Sumitomo Precision Products Co. Ltd. have been jointly developing a SOFC system using scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte cells. Especially, we focused the scandia tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Sc-TZP) electrolyte, because the Sc-TZP electrolyte has good mechanical and electrical properties, therefore high reliability and power generation characteristics are expected. We have been developing the 1kW SOFC system using Sc-TZP electrolyte cells as proof of concept since 2002. The 1kW SOFC combined heat and power (CHP) system was installed in The 2005 World Exposition, Aichi, Japan (EXPO2005), and the system successfully operated during about six months. During the demonstration, some troubles caused by balance of plant (BOP) system and controlling system, and these experiences are useful to our system development. The target of our developing system is a small-scale commercial CHP application and target power range is below 10kW class. To apply such a small-scale commercial use, the rapid start up is very attractive for customers in Japanese market. In this study, we have been developing the rapid starting system. To shorten the start up time, reducing the volume of cell stack and strengthening the cell are developed in parallel. Because heating capacity is very affected factor to determine the start up time. To reduce the volume of cell stack, the improvement of cell performance is very attractive. For the electrolyte-supported type cell, the electrical conductivity of electrolyte material is very important factor on the cell performance. On the other hand, to realize the rapid start up system, the mechanical strength of electrolyte is also important factor, because in the rapid start up conditions, large temperature distribution may be easily occurred, and it leads the cell broken. The relation between electrical conductivity and mechanical strength is trade off in the electrolyte material, and then we focused the electrolyte in the range from 4mol% to 7mol%, and demonstrated that these materials have good combination of electrical and mechanical properties. To estimate the suitable composition, the mechanical strength of electrolyte from room temperature to 1073K that is the maximum operating temperature of our system were investigated. And piston on ring (POR) method was also investigated to estimate the strength of actual electrolyte sheets. Part of this work was performed as R & D program of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).
9
Xu, Liangfei, Jianqiu Li, Minggao Ouyang, Jianfeng Hua, and Xiangjun Li. "A New Generation of Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain for Public Traffic." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33008.
Full textAbstract:
Fuel cell hybrid city buses are set to play a prominent role in public traffic applications by offering a more energy efficient and less polluting drive-train alternative to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. During the past ten years the Chinese university - industry - collaboration organization developed several fuel cell hybrid city buses. Three of them were demonstrated in the Beijing Olympic Games of 2008, and caused great attention. However, the hybrid powertrain needs to be improved, so as to fulfill the vehicle power requirement, prolong the working life time of the fuel cell stacks, and keep the battery charge sustaining. Similar to the old one, the new generation consists of two fuel cell stacks, a traction battery and an electric motor. The differences reflect in three aspects. Firstly, the two stacks are regulated independent with each other. Secondly, a real-time applicable average power prediction algorithm of the electric motor is exploited. Thirdly, the output power of each stack is determined in accordance with the states, which are estimated on-line. A novel energy management strategy considering average electric motor power prediction, SOC balancing, battery temperature feedback control, fuel cell resistance estimating is exploited. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
10
Depature, Clement, Loic Boulon, Pierre Sicard, and Michael Fournier. "Simulation model of a multi-stack fuel cell system." In 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2013.6634727.
Full textReports on the topic "Multi-fuel cell stacks system"
1
Staples, L., and D. P. Bloomfield. Hydrogen Supply System for Small PEM Fuel Cell Stacks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396718.
Full text
2
Wilson, Thomas E., Avraham A. Levy, and Tzvi Tzfira. Controlling Early Stages of DNA Repair for Gene-targeting Enhancement in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697124.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Gene targeting (GT) is a much needed technology as a tool for plant research and for the precise engineering of crop species. Recent advances in this field have shown that the presence of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in a genomic locus is critical for the integration of an exogenous DNA molecule introduced into this locus. This integration can occur via either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) into the break or homologous recombination (HR) between the broken genomic DNA and the introduced vector. A bottleneck for DNA integration via HR is the machinery responsible for homology search and strand invasion. Important proteins in this pathway are Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54. We proposed to combine our respective expertise: on the US side, in the design of zincfinger nucleases (ZFNs) for the induction of DNA DSBs at any desired genomic locus and in the integration of DNA molecules via NHEJ; and on the Israeli side in the HR events, downstream of the DSB, that lead to homology search and strand invasion. We sought to test three major pathways of targeted DNA integration: (i) integration by NHEJ into DSBs induced at desired sites by specially designed ZFNs; (ii) integration into DSBs induced at desired sites combined with the use of Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54 proteins to maximize the chances for efficient and precise HR-mediated vector insertion; (iii) stimulation of HR by Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54 in the absence of DSB induction. We also proposed to study the formation of dsT-DNA molecules during the transformation of plant cells. dsT-DNA molecules are an important substrate for HR and NHEJ-mediatedGT, yet the mode of their formation from single stranded T-DNA molecules is still obscure. In addition we sought to develop a system for assembly of multi-transgene binary vectors by using ZFNs. The latter may facilitate the production of binary vectors that may be ready for genome editing in transgenic plants. ZFNs were proposed for the induction of DSBs in genomic targets, namely, the FtsH2 gene whose loss of function can easily be identified in somatic tissues as white sectors, and the Cruciferin locus whose targeting by a GFP or RFP reporter vectors can give rise to fluorescent seeds. ZFNs were also proposed for the induction of DSBs in artificial targets and for assembly of multi-gene vectors. We finally sought to address two important cell types in terms of relevance to plant transformation, namely GT of germinal (egg) cells by floral dipping, and GT in somatic cells by root and leave transformation. To be successful, we made use of novel optimized expression cassettes that enable coexpression of all of the genes of interest (ZFNs and Rad genes) in the right tissues (egg or root cells) at the right time, namely when the GT vector is delivered into the cells. Methods were proposed for investigating the complementation of T-strands to dsDNA molecules in living plant cells. During the course of this research, we (i) designed, assembled and tested, in vitro, a pair of new ZFNs capable of targeting the Cruciferin gene, (ii) produced transgenic plants which expresses for ZFN monomers for targeting of the FtsH2 gene. Expression of these enzymes is controlled by constitutive or heat shock induced promoters, (iii) produced a large population of transgenic Arabidopsis lines in which mutated mGUS gene was incorporated into different genomic locations, (iv) designed a system for egg-cell-specific expression of ZFNs and RAD genes and initiate GT experiments, (v) demonstrated that we can achieve NHEJ-mediated gene replacement in plant cells (vi) developed a system for ZFN and homing endonuclease-mediated assembly of multigene plant transformation vectors and (vii) explored the mechanism of dsTDNA formation in plant cells. This work has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of DNA integration into plants and furthered the development of important new tools for GT in plants.
3
Inbody, M. A., N. E. Vanderborgh, J. C. Hedstrom, and J. I. Tafoya. PEM fuel cell stack performance using dilute hydrogen mixture. Implications on electrochemical engine system performance and design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460308.
Full text
4
Wheeler, D., and M. Ulsh. Manufacturing Readiness Assessment for Fuel Cell Stacks and Systems for the Back-up Power and Material Handling Equipment Emerging Markets (Revised). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952179.
Full text
5
Wheeler, Doug, and Michael Ulsh. 2010 Manufacturing Readiness Assessment Update to the 2008 Report for Fuel Cell Stacks and Systems for the Backup Power and Materials Handling Equipment Markets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1052900.
Full text
6
Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter B. Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham H. Halevy. Inhibition of the Gravitropic Shoot Bending in Stored Cut Flowers Through Control of Their Graviperception: Involvement of the Cytoskeleton and Cytosolic Calcium. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586533.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to study the mechanism involved in shoot graviperception and early transduction, in order to determine the sequence of events operating in this process. This will enable to control the entire process of gravity-induced differential growth without affecting vertical growth processes essential for development. Thus, several new postulated interactions, operating at the perception and early transduction stages of the signaling cascade leading to auxin-mediated bending, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon spikes and oat shoot pulvini, according to the following research goals: 1) Establish the role of amyloplasts as gravireceptors in shoots; 2) Investigate gravity-induced changes in the integrity of shoot actin cytoskeleton (CK); 3) Study the cellular interactions among actin CK, statoliths and cell membranes (endoplasmic reticulum - ER, plasma membrane - PM) during shoot graviperception; 4) Examine mediation of graviperception by modulations of cytosolic calcium - [Ca2+]cyt, and other second messengers (protein phosphorylation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - IP3). Revisions: 1) Model system: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) spikes and oat (Avena sativa) shoot pulvini, the model system of maize (Zea mays) primary roots was targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for graviperception. 2) Research topic: brassinolide, which were not included in the original plan, were examined for their regulatory role in gravity perception and signal transduction in roots, in relation to auxin and ethylene. Background to the topic: The negative gravitropic response of shoots is a complex multi-step process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel. Most of the long-lasting studies regarding the link between graviperception and cellular components were focused mainly on roots, and there are relatively few reports on shoot graviperception. Our previous project has successfully characterized several key events occurring during shoot bending of cut flowers and oat pulvini, including amyloplast displacement, hormonal interactions and differential growth analysis. Based on this evidence, the present project has focused on studying the initial graviperception process in flowering stems and cereal shoots. Major conclusions and achievements: 1) The actin and not the microtubule (MT) CK is involved in the graviperception of snapdragon shoots. 2) Gravisensing, exhibited by amyloplast displacement, and early transduction events (auxin redistribution) in the gravitropic response of snapdragon spikes are mediated by the acto-myosin complex. 3) MTs are involved in stem directional growth, which occurs during gravitropism of cut snapdragon spikes, but they are not necessary for the gravity-induced differential growth. 4) The role of amyloplasts as gravisensors in the shoot endodermis was demonstrated for both plant systems. 5) A gravity-induced increase in IP.