Academic literature on the topic 'Multi factor response surface'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multi factor response surface"
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Mustajib, M. Imron, Teguh Prasetyo, Heri Awalul Ilhamsah, Rudy Soenoko, and Sugiono. "Optimizing Multi Response Green Machining Using Taguchi Method Based on Grey Relational Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.277.
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This paper presents an optimization of multi response green machining of aluminum 6061 valve. The research is started with study literature and early survey to identify various factors that may likely influence in the green machining.The next step is investigating and collecting experiment data of the control factors (working in 3 levels) for depth of cut, feeding, and cutting speed factor on two responses; power consumption and surface roughness (Ra). The data were evaluated using Taguchi method based on grey relational anaylisis. Statistic tools coupled together with Taguchi design to process the output of the experiment. Finally, the research has successfully to deliver knowledges of the cutting speed and feeding factors have a dominant influence in power consumption and surface roughness of the green machining process
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Naresh, N., M. P. Jenarthanan, and R. Hari Prakash. "Multi-objective optimisation of CNC milling process using Grey-Taguchi method in machining of GFRP composites." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 10, no. 2 (2014): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-06-2013-0042.
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Purpose – In milling process the surface roughness and delamination are the most important performance characteristics, which are influenced by many factors like fibre orientation angle, helix angle, feed rate and spindle speed. The selection of these parameters at optimum level plays a vital role in getting minimum surface roughness and delamination factor. The purpose of this paper is to present multi-objective optimisation of Computer Numerical Control milling parameters using Grey-Taguchi method to get minimum surface roughness and delamination factor in machining of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) composites used in automotive, aircraft and manufacture of space ships. Design/methodology/approach – The experiments are designed and conducted based on Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array by taking fibre orientation angle, helix angle, feed rate and spindle speed at three levels and responses are surface roughness and delamination factor. Taguchi's signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio are determined based on their performance characteristics. A Grey relation grade is obtained by using S/N ratio. Based on Grey relational grade value, optimum levels of parameters have been identified by using response table and response graph. Findings – Optimum levels of parameters for GFRP composites have been identified by using response table and response graph and the significant contributions of controlling parameters are estimated using analysis of variance. Originality/value – The combined effect of fibre orientation angle and helix angle during milling of GFRP composites using Grey relational analysis has not been previously attempted for analysis.
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Cui, Hong, and Chen Shi. "Optimisation of Multi-Response Surface Parameters of the Roving Twist Factor and Spinning Back Zone Draft." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 5(137) (2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2898.
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In order to obtain the optimal collocation of two important technological parameters in the spinning process, the multi-response surface method was used to optimise the experimental results. Through the orthogonal design of the two factors and four levels of factor encoding, 16 groups of orthogonal experiments were designed; the experimental results were fit using the curve fitting toolbox of Matlab; a regression equation of yarn quality indicators, and in addition to a three-dimensional surface chart, an optimal scheme of the roving twist factor and spinning drafting for a roving twist factor of 110 were established; a spinning back draft of 1.5 was obtained based on experimental results of the response surface analysis and variance regression analysis. Experiments on the optimal scheme were carried out to verify the practicability of the results obtained by this method. The results show that application of the multiple response surface method to the optimisation of process parameters is of practical significance. This method can be applied for the optimisation of other process parameters.
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Kumar, Sunil, and P. N. Rao. "Multi-Response Optimization of process Parameter in Vertical Milling Machine of EN 31 Using Taguchi Method." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 11 (2021): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/11890.
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The purpose of this experimental research is to compare the effectiveness of using Taguchi approaches for multi-response optimization of process parameters in Vertical Milling Machine of EN 31 Material intending to minimize surface roughness and tool wear rate while maximizing material removal rate to improve the productivity of the process with coated carbide insert. Taguchi L9 and Annova have been applied for experimental design and analysis. This experiment shows that feed and depth of cut are factors that are important for tool wear, Depth of cut is a notable factor for Material Removal Rate and feed is the most notable factor for surface roughness. Spindle speed has little effect on tool wear rate, surface roughness, and material removal rate. Mathematical models for three response parameters i.e. tool wear rate, surface roughness, and material removal rate were obtained by regression analysis
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Moslemi, Amir, and Mirmehdi Seyyed-Esfahani. "A novel robust multivariate regression approach to optimize multiple surfaces." RAIRO - Operations Research 52, no. 4-5 (2018): 1233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018016.
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Response surface methodology involves relationships between different variables, specifically experimental inputs as controllable factors, and a response or responses by incorporating uncontrollable factors named nuisance. In order to optimize these response surfaces, we should have accurate response models. A common approach to estimate a response surface is the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. Since OLS is very sensitive to outliers, some robust approaches have been discussed in the literature. Most problems face with more than one response which are mostly correlated, that are called multi-response problem. This paper presents a new approach which takes the benefits of robust multivariate regression to cope with the mentioned difficulties. After estimating accurate response surfaces, optimization phase should be applied in order to have proper combination of variables and optimum solutions. Global criterion method of multi-objective optimization has also been used to reach a compromise solution which improves all response variables simultaneously. Finally, the proposed approach is described analytically by a numerical example.
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Jung, B., K.-I. Jang, B.-K. Min, S. J. Lee, and J. Seok. "Parameter optimization for finishing hard materials with magnetorheological fluid using the penalized multi-response Taguchi method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 223, no. 8 (2009): 955–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1351.
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This paper presents a novel penalized multi-response Taguchi method that is used to determine the optimal conditions and parameters for a wheel-type magnetorheological (MR) finishing process that uses sintered iron-carbon nanotube (I-CNT) abrasives. The main goal of this study is to achieve the best compromise, within given boundary constraint conditions, between the maximum material removal rate and the minimum surface roughness. The proposed Taguchi method includes two main parameters, namely the weighting loss factor and the severity factor, that account, respectively, for the response weights and the constraint conditions and that control the optimality direction. The method is applied to the finishing of hard-disk slider surfaces made of Al2O3-TiC, and the effects of the weighting loss and severity factors, along with their significance and relative importance in optimizing the finishing process, are thoroughly examined.
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Vora, Jay, Yug Shah, Sakshum Khanna, Vivek K. Patel, Manoj Jagdale, and Rakesh Chaudhari. "Multi-Response Optimization and Influence of Expanded Graphite on Performance of WEDM Process of Ti6Al4V." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 3 (2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030111.
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Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is widely preferred for machining difficult-to-cut materials like Ti6Al4V. In the present study, current, pulse-off-duration (Toff), and pulse-on-duration (Toff) were identified as vital input factors for the WEDM process of Ti6Al4V. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were selected as output measures for the study. The experiments were carried out by employing Taguchi’s L9 design at three levels. Empirical models were generated, which give the relationship between the input and output factors of the process. To check the acceptability of the model terms, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The regression mode was observed to be significant for the output measures. For MRR, Toff was recorded as the highly significant factor affecting the response values with 74.95% impact, followed by Ton with 16.39%, and current with 6.56%. In the case of SR, Ton was found to be a highly significant factor with a 50.24% impact, followed by current with 43.99%, and Toff with 1.47%. Further, multi-objective optimization by using the HTS technique was performed. The effect of expanded graphite (EG) nano-powder has been studied on the output factors of MRR and SR. The use of EG nano-powder was found to improve WEDM operations as MRR was increased by 45.35%, and simultaneously, SR was reduced by 36.16%. Lastly, the surface morphology of the machined surface was investigated by employing SEM to understand the effect of EG nano-powder. The results have shown a reduction in surface defects by using EG nano-powder compared to the conventional WEDM process.
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Mohamad, Najmiah Radiah, Mohd Farhanulhakim Mohd Razip Wee, Mohd Ambri Mohamed, Azrul Azlan Hamzah, and P. Susthitha Menon. "Multi-response optimization of chromium/gold-based nanofilm Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance glucose sensor using finite-difference time-domain and Taguchi method." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 10 (January 1, 2020): 184798042098211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980420982119.
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Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing chromium and gold nanofilms is ideal for label-free biomedical sensing. In this work, Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array method was used to optimize the effects of three control factors and noise factor, which are the incident optical wavelength, chromium and gold nanofilm thicknesses, and their root-mean-square surface roughness, on the performance of the Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance sensor. The control factors were varied at three levels for a novel multi-response optimization of the Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for the minimum reflectivity, the full-width-at-half-maximum, and the sensitivity of 3% glucose detection, executed using Lumerical’s two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Using Taguchi method, the best control factor setting in air was A3B2C2 corresponding to 785 nm optical wavelength, 0.5 nm chromium, and 50 nm gold layer thickness, respectively, with minimum reflectivity of 0.0017%, full-width-at-half-maximum of 0.4759°, and glucose-sensing sensitivity of 106.73°·RIU−1. The detection accuracy and quality factor were 0.01 and 224.26 RIU−1, respectively. It was also indicated that chromium nanofilm thickness of 0.5–3 nm and its root-mean-square surface roughness has a negligible factor effect compared to other control factors. Taguchi method’s factor effect analysis showed that for chromium layer thickness of 1–3 nm, the minimum reflectivity values are predominantly determined by the gold layer thickness with 75% factor effect, followed by optical wavelength with 11%. Factor effect of full-width-at-half-maximum is determined by optical wavelength (57%), followed by gold layer thickness (38%). Sensitivity is 88% determined by optical wavelength and 10% determined by gold layer thickness. The Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance glucose sensor with the best glucose-sensing sensitivity was at optical wavelength of 632.8 nm with a higher sensitivity value of 163.415°·RIU−1 but lower detection accuracy and quality factor values of 0.001 and 24.86 RIU−1, respectively, compared to near-infrared wavelength of 785 nm. In conclusion, finite-difference time-domain and Taguchi method is suitable for multi-response optimization of control and noise factors of Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance sensors.
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Debnath, Shantanu, and Soumya Ghosh. "Experimental investigation of Electro discharge machining process by AHP-MOORA technique." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Decision Making 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/jiedm200201001d.
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In the current study, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) was adopted to find the efficiency of optimizing multiple performance characteristics for EDM of Al-4.5%Cu- SiC composite using a cylindrical copper electrode. The influence of three machine process parameter pulse on (TON), peak current, duty cycle, and one material variable weight fraction on the response variables material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR), and surface roughness (SR) have been investigated using multi-attribute decision- making model. The response surface methodology (RSM) central composite designs (CCD) have been used as the experiment's design. The weight factors for the output responses assigned by the AHP method and the most desirable significant factor levels determined by the MOORA method. The method implemented in this paper is advantageous in various real-life decision-making problems in the manufacturing environment.
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Wang, Feng, Hong Nan Li, and Ting Hua Yi. "Research on Inelastic Response Spectra for Asymmetric Plan Systems Subjected to Bi-Directional Earthquake Motions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2332.
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The limitations of traditional inelastic response spectra are discussed. Considering a one-storey asymmetric plan system subjected to perpendicular bi-directional earthquake motions, the inelastic multi-dimensional strength reduction factor spectra is presented. The yield rule of the asymmetric plan system is determined by two-dimensional yield-surface plasticity function. The spectral equation is simplified by the relationship of strength reduction factors between x-direction and y-direction.The multi-dimensional spectra are analyzed based on 30 pair strong earthquake motion records for hard soil site, intermediate soil site and soft soil site. Analytic results shows that the strength reduction factor mean spectra for each soil site has its own characteristics, and the strength reduction factor spectra is affected strongly by ductility, normalized stiffness eccentricity, period and rotation frequency ratio.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multi factor response surface"
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Qu, Xueyong. "Reliability-based structural optimization using response surface approximations and probabilistic sufficiency factor." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004395.
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Truong, David Hien. "Single-Step Factor Screening and Response Surface Optimization Using Optimal Designs with Minimal Aliasing." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/64.
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Cheng and Wu (2001) introduced a method for response surface exploration using only one design by using a 3-level design to first screen a large number of factors and then project onto the significant factors to perform response surface exploration. Previous work generally involved selecting designs based on projection properties first and aliasing structure second. However, having good projection properties is of little concern if the correct factors cannot be identified. We apply Jones and Nachtsheim’s (2009) method for finding optimal designs with minimal aliasing to find 18, 27, and 30-run designs to use for single-step screening and optimization. Our designs have better factor screening capabilities than the designs of Cheng and Wu (2001) and Xu et al. (2004), while maintaining similar D-efficiencies and allowing all projections to fit a full second order model.
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Lombardi, Anna. "Linear and ultrafast response of individual multi-material nanoparticles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10141.
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Les propriétés optiques et vibrationnelles de nanoparticules métalliques individuelles ont été étudiées par spectroscopie par modulation spatiale (SMS), avec une attention particulière aux effets de forme, composition, environnement local, ainsi que de couplage inter-particule. La réponse optique de nanoparticules (métalliques au cœur-couronne métal-diélectrique) allongées et des particules bimétalliques (hétérodimères or-argent) a été mesuré et en suite interprétée grâce à une corrélation avec la caractérisation morphologique de la même particule obtenue par microscopie à transmission électronique et avec des simulations par éléments finis prenants en compte la réelle géométrie du nano-objet et le substrat. Une technique pompe sonde résolue en temps a été en suite utilisée pour étudier le profil Fano dans l'absorption d'une particule d'or au sein d'un hétérodimères or-argent. Sur une échelle de temps des quelques dizaines de picosecondes, les vibrations acoustiques multimodales de nanobipyramides d'or individuelles ont été optiquement détectées et caractérisées par rapport à un modèle élastique classique<br>Optical and vibrational properties of individual metal-based nanoparticles have been investigated by spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS), focusing on their dependence on nano-object shape, composition, environment and inter-particle coupling. Quantitative investigations of the optical response, and in particular, the surface plasmon resonance (extinction cross-section amplitude, spectral position and linewidth) of elongated metal or metal-dielectric (gold nanorods, nanobipyramids with or without silica coating) and bimetallic (gold-silver heterodimers) nanoparticles deposited on a substrate have first been performed. The same nanoparticles were characterized by electron microscopy permitting quantitative interpretation of their optical response using finite element numerical simulations, taking into account the influence of the substrate. Combining SMS microscopy with a high sensitivity femtosecond two-color pump-probe setup, the ultrafast dynamics of single nano-objects has been investigated. The Fano absorption profile of a gold nanoparticle within a single gold-silver heterodimer, a parameter not accessible by linear spectroscopy, was directly measured. On a picosecond time-scale, multimodal acoustic vibrations of single gold nanobipyramids were optically lunched and detected, and their features compared to a model based on continuum elasticity
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Demko, Daniel Todd. "Tools for Multi-Objective and Multi-Disciplinary Optimization in Naval Ship Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31743.
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This thesis focuses on practical and quantitative methods for measuring effectiveness in naval ship design. An Overall Measure of Effectiveness (OMOE) model or function is an essential prerequisite for optimization and design trade-off. This effectiveness can be limited to individual ship missions or extend to missions within a task group or larger context. A method is presented that uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with Multi-Attribute Value Theory to build an Overall Measure of Effectiveness and Overall Measure of Risk function to properly rank and approximately measure the relative mission effectiveness and risk of design alternatives, using trained expert opinion to replace complex analysis tools. A validation of this method is achieved through experimentation comparing ships ranked by the method with direct ranking of the ships through war gaming scenarios.
The second part of this thesis presents a mathematical ship synthesis model to be used in early concept development stages of the ship design process. Tools to simplify and introduce greater accuracy are described and developed. Response Surface Models and Design of Experiments simplify and speed up the process. Finite element codes such as MAESTRO improve the accuracy of the ship synthesis models which in turn lower costs later in the design process. A case study of an Advanced Logistics Delivery Ship (ALDV) is performed to asses the use of RSM and DOE methods to minimize computation time when using high-fidelity codes early in the naval ship design process.<br>Master of Science
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Hadjiilias, Hippokrates A. "The aerodynamic design and optimization of a wing-fuselage junction fillet as part of a multi-disciplinary optimization process during the early aircraft design stages." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3443.
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An attempt to minimize interference drag in a wing-fuselage junction by means
of inserting a fillet is presented in this thesis. The case of a low-wing com-
mercial transport aicraft at cruise conditions is examined. Due to the highly
three dimensional behaviour of the flow field around the junction, a thin-layer
Navier-Stokes code was implemented to estimate the drag forces at the junc-
tion. Carefully selected design variable combinations based on-the theory of
Design of Experiments constituted the initial group of feasible cases for which
the flow solver had to be run. The drag values of these feasible cases were then
used to create a second order response surface which could predict with rea-
sonable accuracy the interference drag given the value of the design variables
within the feasible region. A further optimization isolated the minimum in-
terference drag combination of design variable values within the design space.
The minimurn interference drag combination of design variable values was eval-
uated numerically by the flow solver. The prediction of the response surface
and the numerical value obtained by the flow solver for the interference drag
of the optimal wing-fuselage combination differed by less than five percent. To demonstrate the ability of the method to be used in an interdisciplinary
analysis and optimization program, a landing gear design module is included
which provides volume constraints on the fillet geometry during the fillet sur-
face definition phase.
The Navier Stokes flow analyses were performed on the Cranfield Cray su-
percomputer. Each analysis required between eight to twelve CPU hours, and
the total CPU time required for the optimization of the six variable model
described in the thesis required thirty Navier Stokes runs implementing the
Design of Experimens and Surface Response Methodology implementation.
For comparison, a typical optimization implementing a classical conjugate di-
rections optimizer with no derivative information available would probably
require more than forty iterations.
Both the optimization and the flow solver results are discussed and some
recommendations for improving the efficiency of the code and for further ap-
plications of the method are given.
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Tu, Wei. "Response modelling of pavement subjected to dynamic surface loading based on stress-based multi-layered plate theory." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1188066023.
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Chantarat, Navara. "Modern design of experiments methods for screening and experimentations with mixture and qualitative variables." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1064198056.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 119 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Theodore T. Allen, Dept. of Industrial and Systems Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-119).
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Liu, Mingchun. "Functional characterization of Sl-ERF.B3, a member of the large multi-gene family of Ethylene Response Factor in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0089/document.
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Les derniers acteurs de la voie de signalisation à l’éthylène sont des facteurs de transcription appelés ERF (Ethylene Response Factors). La connaissance de leur rôle spécifique dans la régulation des processus développementaux dépendant de l’éthylène reste limitée. Les travaux présentés dans la thèse concernent la caractérisation fonctionnelle du gène Sl-ERF.B3, un membre de cette grande famille de régulateurs transcriptonnels dans la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum). Utilisant une stratégie répresseur dominant ; il est montré en particulier que ce gène intervient dans la mise en place de la réponse à l’éthylène et dans le contrôle de la maturation du fruit. L’expression d’une construction ERF.B3-SRDX, une version chimérique de Sl-ERF.B3 fusionné à un domaine répresseur de type EAR, entraine des phénotypes pléotropiques aussi bien dans la signalisation de l’éthylène que dans le développement des parties végétatives et des organes reproducteurs. Ainsi, une altération de la triple réponse à l’éthylène est constatée chez les lignées transgéniques et au stade adulte, les plantes présentent des phénotypes d’épinastie des feuilles, de sénescence prématurée des fleurs et d’abscission accélérée des fruits. L’ensemble de ces observations est corrélée avec une modification de l’expression de gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse et la réponse à l’éthylène. Ces données suggèrent que ERF.B3 intervient dans un mécanisme de rétro-control de la réponse à l’éthylène en agissant à la fois sur les gènes de biosynthèse et de signalisation de l’hormone. Au niveau du fruit, la sur-expression d’ERF.B3-SRDX entraine une modification du processus de maturation avec un retard notable de l’avènement de l’acquisition de la compétence à murir. Cependant, une fois la maturation initiée, elle s’accompagne d’une forte production d’éthylène et d’une accélération du ramollissement du fruit. A l’inverse, l’accumulation de pigment est inhibée par altération de la voie de biosynthèse des caroténoïdes. Ces données phénotypiques sont corrélées avec le niveau d’expression des gènes clés impliqués dans ces processus. Les résultats indiquent que dans les lignées transgéniques, il y a découplage de certaines caractéristiques de la maturation du fruit et permettent de mettre en lumière le rôle d’ERF.B3 dans la régulation des processus de développement dépendant de l’éthylène chez la tomate<br>Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are known to be the last transcription factors of the ethylene transduction pathway. Their specific role in ethylene-dependent developmental processes remains poorly understood. This work demonstrated a specific role of Sl- ERF.B3, a member of the ERF gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), in mediating ethylene response and fruit ripening through a dominant repressor strategy. ERF.B3-SRDX dominant repressor etiolated seedlings displayed partial constitutive ethylene-response in the absence of ethylene and adult plants exhibited typical ethylenerelated alterations such as leaf epinasty, premature flower senescence and accelerated fruit abscission. The multiple symptoms related to enhanced ethylene sensitivity correlate with the altered expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes, suggesting the involvement of Sl-ERF.B3 in a feedback mechanism regulating components of ethylene production and response. In addition, over-expression of ERF.B3-SRDX in tomato results in alterations in both fruit morphology and ripening process. The attainment of competence to ripen is dramatically delayed in ERF.B3-SRDX fruits but once ripening proceeds it is associated with high climacteric ethylene production and enhanced fruit softening while pigment accumulation is strongly reduced. Moreover, a number of genes involved in the fruit ripening process showed expression pattern deviating from that of wild type. These data suggest a putative role of Sl-ERF.B3 in the transcriptional network underlying the ripening process and uncover a mean for uncoupling some of the main features of fruit ripening such as fruit softening and pigment accumulation. Overall, the study highlighted the importance of an ERF gene in ethylene-mediated developmental processes such as plant growth and fruit ripening
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Amouzgar, Kaveh. "Metamodel based multi-objective optimization." Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Produktutveckling - Simulering och optimering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28432.
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As a result of the increase in accessibility of computational resources and the increase in the power of the computers during the last two decades, designers are able to create computer models to simulate the behavior of a complex products. To address global competitiveness, companies are forced to optimize their designs and products. Optimizing the design needs several runs of computationally expensive simulation models. Therefore, using metamodels as an efficient and sufficiently accurate approximate of the simulation model is necessary. Radial basis functions (RBF) is one of the several metamodeling methods that can be found in the literature. The established approach is to add a bias to RBF in order to obtain a robust performance. The a posteriori bias is considered to be unknown at the beginning and it is defined by imposing extra orthogonality constraints. In this thesis, a new approach in constructing RBF with the bias to be set a priori by using the normal equation is proposed. The performance of the suggested approach is compared to the classic RBF with a posteriori bias. Another comprehensive comparison study by including several modeling criteria, such as problem dimension, sampling technique and size of samples is conducted. The studies demonstrate that the suggested approach with a priori bias is in general as good as the performance of RBF with a posteriori bias. Using the a priori RBF, it is clear that the global response is modeled with the bias and that the details are captured with radial basis functions. Multi-objective optimization and the approaches used in solving such problems are briefly described in this thesis. One of the methods that proved to be efficient in solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOOP) is the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2). Multi-objective optimization of a disc brake system of a heavy truck by using SPEA2 and RBF with a priori bias is performed. As a result, the possibility to reduce the weight of the system without extensive compromise in other objectives is found. Multi-objective optimization of material model parameters of an adhesive layer with the aim of improving the results of a previous study is implemented. The result of the original study is improved and a clear insight into the nature of the problem is revealed.
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Raut, Vivek P. "METHODS TO QUANTITATIVELY ASSESS THE PERFORMANCE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROGENITOR CELLS IN RESPONSE TO SURFACE MODIFIED BIOMATERIALS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1372334668.
Full textBooks on the topic "Multi factor response surface"
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Ward, Tony, and Anthony Beech. The explanation of sexual offending. Edited by Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.3.
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This essay focuses on four core issues and their normative implications associated with the “theory problem” as it relates to sexual offending. First, a critical task is to build multi-level and interfield theories that are directly responsive to the complex nature of human functioning and psychological architecture. Second, an important cognitive task is to take seriously the level of human agency and mental state psychological explanations of action. This requires accepting the significance of values and personal meanings, and appreciating that social and cultural practices causally influence a person’s sense of self and purpose in life. Third, we need to shift our attention from construct validity procedures and look to understand underlying causal processes. A preoccupation with measurement may trap us into surface-level explanations. Finally, some degree of integration should be attempted between research and conceptual work on dynamic risk factors and that on aetiological theories.
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Badimon, Lina, Felix C. Tanner, Giovanni G. Camici, and Gemma Vilahur. Pathophysiology of thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0018.
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Ischaemic heart disease and stroke are major causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Coronary and cerebrovascular events are mainly a consequence of a sudden thrombotic occlusion of the vessel lumen. Arterial thrombosis usually develops on top of a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque because of the exposure of thrombogenic material, such as collagen fibrils and tissue factor (TF), to the flowing blood. TF, either expressed by subendothelial cells, macrophage- and/or vascular smooth muscle-derived foam-cells in atherosclerotic plaques, is a key element in the initiation of thrombosis due to its ability to induce thrombin formation (a potent platelet agonist) and subsequent fibrin deposition at sites of vascular injury. Adhered platelets at the site of injury also play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis. Platelet surface receptors (mainly glycoproteins) interact with vascular structures and/or Von Willebrand factor triggering platelet activation signalling events, including an increase in intracellular free Ca2+, exposure of a pro-coagulant surface, and secretion of platelet granule content. On top of this, interaction between soluble agonists and platelet G-coupled protein receptors further amplifies the platelet activation response favouring integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation, an essential step for platelet aggregation. Blood-borne TF and microparticles have also been shown to contribute to thrombus formation and propagation. As thrombus evolves different circulating cells (red-blood cells and leukocytes, along with occasional undifferentiated cells) get recruited in a timely dependent manner to the growing thrombus and further entrapped by the formation of a fibrin mesh.
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Alharbi, Yousef, Manish S. Patankar, and Rebecca J. Whelan. Antibody-Based Therapy for Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0006.
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With their role in connecting disease-associated antigens to the cellular immune response, antibodies hold considerable promise as therapeutic agents. This chapter discusses three classes of therapeutic antibodies that have been developed for use in ovarian cancer therapy. The first includes antibodies selected against tumor-associated antigens such as MUC16/CA125, mesothelin, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and folate receptor α. Antibodies in the second class target proteins such as CTLA-4 and PD1 that act as immune response checkpoint receptors. The third class of antibodies target secreted factors that promote tumor growth: targets in this class include vascular endothelial growth factor, cytokines, and chemokines. The development of each of these is described. The chapter also discusses the complications presented by soluble antigens, which serve to limit the applicability of antigens (such as MUC16/CA125) that are both cell-surface associated and circulating and the prospects for the combination of antibody-based immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Patel, Sameer, and Julia Wendon. Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0194.
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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening clinical syndrome, resulting in loss of hepatic metabolic and immunological function, in a person with no prior history of liver disease. Mortality can still exceed 50%. ALF is characterized by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and coagulopathy, occurring within days or weeks. Establishing aetiology is essential for treatment, prognostication, and liver transplantation consideration. Viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver failure are the two commonest causes worldwide. Aetiology and time of onset of encephalopathy determines prognosis. Disease progression can rapidly result in multi-organ failure. Ammonia has been postulated in the development of HE, cerebral oedema and intracranial hypertension. Coagulopathy can be highly variable, with some patients prothrombotic, or exhibiting balanced coagulation disorders. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and associated infection are frequently observed. Significant haemodynamic changes are common while renal failure is an independent risk factor for mortality. Respiratory failure is less common. Deranged homeostasis results in severe hypoglycaemia, and metabolic disturbance.
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Woywodt, Alexander, and Diana Chiu. Drug-induced and toxic glomerulopathies. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0082.
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Glomerulopathies induced by particular exogenous compounds or molecules include those attributable to toxicity, and those caused by inducing an immune or autoimmune response. Tubules are more commonly the target of toxicity as they absorb and concentrate components of filtrate. Damage to endothelial cells may account for thrombotic microangiopathy in response to calcineurin inhibitors. Endothelial cells are also likely to be the target in drug-induced small vessel vasculitis. Toxicity to podocytes accounts for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis caused by pamidronate and other agents. Chloroquine can cause a remarkable pseudo-storage disorder with inclusions in podocytes that resemble those seen in Fabry disease. The mechanism by which drugs cause minimal change disease, another podocyte disorder, is not known. Membranous nephropathy may be caused by exposure to gold, mercury, and some other drugs; this is antibody mediated and presumably the targets are altered podocyte surface molecules. Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cause proteinuria, possibly through effects on vascular endothelial growth factor, inhibitors of which are associated with not only proteinuria (an expected podocyte effect) but also thrombotic microangiopathy (endothelial cell effect). This latter may be through disturbing podocyte-endothelium cross-signaling.
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Pitzalis, Costantino, Frances Humby, and Michael P. Seed. Synovial pathology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0052.
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Synovial pathology is seen in a variety of disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE). This chapter highlights recent advances that characterize the cellular composition of these tissues according to surface markers and chemokine and cytokine expression, and describes synovial functional status and response to therapeutics. In RA, after initiation, pannus migrates over and under cartilage, and into subchondral bone, in a destructive process. Cartilage-pannus junction (CPJ) is characterized as invasive or 'quiescent' or 'indistinct'. Invasive CPJ can comprise macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), mast cells, and/or neutrophils. CPJ activity is related to the state of activation of the overlying subintima. Subintimal inflammation can be graded to a variety of degrees (I–IV) according to established criteria and is illustrated. In some RA synovia, cellular aggregates organize into ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) through the expression of lymphorganogenic signals, to exhibit T- or B-cell zones accompanied by dendritic cells and lymphangiogenesis. ELS synthesize rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACAP), considered to be indicative of aggressive disease. The selective cellular expression of macrophage and dendritic cell chemokines and cytokines such as TNF, GMCSF, TGFβ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, and chemokines can be seen in synovia, to form a regulated and cooperative environment that sustains the cellular organization and pathological function. Important to this process are FLS and CD68+ macrophages. CD68 expression correlates with disease severity and can be useful as a surrogate marker of disease modifying activity of therapeutics, such as anti-TNF and anti-B-cell biologics.
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McGreavy, Bridie, and David Hart. Sustainability Science and Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.563.
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Direct experience, scientific reports, and international media coverage make clear that the breadth, severity, and multiple consequences from climate change are far-reaching and increasing. Like many places globally, the northeastern United States is already experiencing climate change, including one of the world’s highest rates of ocean warming, reduced durations of winter ice cover on lakes, a marked increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, and climate-mediated ecological disruptions of invasive species. Given current and projected changes in ecosystems, communities, and economies, it is essential to find ways to anticipate and reduce vulnerabilities to change and, at the same time, promote sustainable economic development and human well-being.The emerging field of sustainability science offers a promising conceptual and analytic framework for accelerating progress towards sustainable development. Sustainability science aims to be use-inspired and to connect basic and applied knowledge with solutions for societal benefit. This approach draws from diverse disciplines, theories, and methods organized around the broad goal of maintaining and improving life support systems, ecosystem health, and human well-being. Partners in New England have been using sustainability science as a framework for stakeholder-engaged, interdisciplinary research that has generated use-inspired knowledge and multiple solutions for more than a decade. Sustainability science has helped produce a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation; emergency response plans for invasive species that threaten livelihoods and cultures; decision support tools for improved water quality management and public health for beach use and shellfish consumption; and the development of robust partnership networks across disciplines and institutions. Understanding and reducing vulnerability to climate change is a central motivating factor in this portfolio of projects because linking knowledge about social-ecological systems with effective policy action requires a holistic view that addresses complex intersecting stressors.One common theme in these varied efforts is the way that communication fundamentally shapes collaborative research and social, technical, and policy outcomes from sustainability science. Communication as a discipline has, for more than two thousand years, sought to understand how environments and symbols shape human life, forms of social organization, and collective decision making. The result is a body of scholarship and practical techniques that are diverse and well adapted to meet the complexity of contemporary sustainability challenges. The complexity of the issues that sustainability science aspires to solve requires diversity and flexibility to be able to adapt approaches to the specific needs of a situation. Long-term, cross-scale, and multi-institutional sustainability science collaborations show that communication research and practice can help build communities and networks, and advance technical and policy solutions to confront the challenges of climate change and promote sustainability now and in future.
Book chapters on the topic "Multi factor response surface"
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Mhalla, Mohamed Makki, Ahmed Bahloul, and Chokri Bouraoui. "Developing Mathematical Models of Stress Concentration Factor Using Response Surface Method." In Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems—III. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66697-6_36.
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Palermo, Gianluca, Cristina Silvano, Vittorio Zaccaria, et al. "Response Surface Modeling for Design Space Exploration of Embedded System." In Multi-objective Design Space Exploration of Multiprocessor SoC Architectures. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8837-9_4.
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Kim, Seyoung, Padhraic Smyth, Hal Stern, and Jessica Turner. "Parametric Response Surface Models for Analysis of Multi-site fMRI Data." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11566465_44.
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Khor, C. Y., M. A. M. Nawi, Muhammad Ikman Ishak, Salman Zainal, M. U. Rosli, and S. N. A. Ahmad Termizi. "Multi Response Optimization of Injection Molding Parameters for Artificial Phalanx Bone Using Response Surface Methodology." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_75.
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Magri, Anouar El, and Sébastien Vaudreuil. "Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Behavior of 3D Printed Polyethylene Material Using Response Surface Methodology." In Springer Tracts in Additive Manufacturing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32927-2_2.
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Li, Bingnan, Huan Niu, Mingru Li, et al. "Effect of Surface Treatment on Surface Flashover Performance and Multi-factor Aging Characteristics of Epoxy Resin." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1528-4_79.
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Laosiritaworn, Wimalin. "Improving Multi-Panel Lamination Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology and Neural Network." In Progress in Systems Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08422-0_33.
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Toh, H. T., and Adnan Hassan. "Quality Improvement in a Multi-cavity Injection Moulding Process Using Response Surface Methodology." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0736-3_28.
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Lafifi, Brahim, and Ammar Rouaiguia. "Reliability Analysis of Shallow Foundation Using Response Surface Methodology and Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm." In Research Developments in Geotechnics, Geo-Informatics and Remote Sensing. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72896-0_33.
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Huang, G., Y. Zhuge, T. Benn, and Y. Liu. "Optimisation of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement Based on Response Surface Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_13.
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AbstractLimestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is a new type of cement that contains Portland cement, calcined clay, and limestone. Compared with traditional cement clinker, LC3 reduces CO2 emissions by up to 40%, and is a promising technology for the cement industry to achieve its emission target. We used a numerical approach to predict the optimum composition of LC3 mortar. The experiments were performed using central composite rotational design under the response surface methodology. The method combined the design of mixtures and multi-response statistical optimization, in which the 28-day compressive strength was maximized while the CO2 emissions and materials cost were simultaneously minimized. The model with a nonsignificant lack of fit and a high coefficient of determination (R2) revealed a well fit and adequacy of the quadratic regression model to predict the performance of LC3 mixtures. An optimum LC3 mixture can be achieved with 43.4% general purpose cement, 34.16% calcined clay, 20.6% limestone and 1.94% gypsum.
Conference papers on the topic "Multi factor response surface"
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Posmetev, Valeriy, Vadim Nikonov, and Viktor Posmetev. "MULTI-FACTOR OPTIMIZATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF RECUPERATIVE MECHANISMS OF FOREST TRUCK TRAIN." In Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_169-173.
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The urgency of the implementation of the proposed recuperative devices in the designs of modern timber-carrying road trains has been substantiated. The advantages of using the proposed recuperative devices are described. Based on the method of uniform distribution of test points in a multifactorial space and the method of radial neural networks to represent the response surface, multifactorial optimization of the main investigated parameters of the proposed recuperative devices. The optimal values of these parameters have been obtained, which provide the best indicators of their work efficiency.
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Alafaghani, Ala’aldin, Ala Qattawi, Julia Truong, Md Shah Jaman, and Jian-Qiao Sun. "Optimizing Fused Deposition Modeling Processing Parameters Using Response Surface Method for Strong Parts." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8528.
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Abstract Optimizing the processing parameters of fused deposition modeling is a challenging task due to the significant number of factors that influence the quality of the fabricated parts. Therefore, optimizing the dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, or mechanical properties usually requires a considerable amount of test samples. In the presented work, the design of experiments approach was used to minimize the number of tests needed to optimize the factors. Most of the work available in literature did not investigate the interactions between the factors or their second-order effects on the strength and stiffness of fused deposition modeling parts. In this work, the effects of the layer thickness, extrusion temperature, and infill percentage are investigated and optimized to achieve the optimum strength and stiffness of the fabricated parts. The response surface method was used to investigate the interaction effects and second-order effects on the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the fabricated samples. It was found that some interaction and second-order effects exist and affect the strength and stiffness of FDM parts. Generally, increasing the extrusion temperature and infill percentage increase the tensile strength and the elastic modulus. In addition, the predicted data matches the experimental results well. However, multi-objective optimization is needed when choosing the layer thickness.
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Yang, Hongwei, Cuiying Huang, Gaiye Wang, and Shanshan Meng. "Multi-objective optimization of dielectric layer PBG filter structure on the weighting factors method and the response surface methodology." In 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nemo.2015.7414999.
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Aggarwal, Kush, Ruth Jill Urbanic, Luv Aggarwal, and Syed Saqib. "Identifying Relative Importance of Input Parameter(s) for Developing Predictive Model for Laser Cladding Process." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37719.
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Laser cladding (LC) is a multi-variable coating process which consists of process multiple inputs and associated bead geometry outputs. Fabrication of a desired clad bead geometry configuration is expensive, as it involves investment of specialized raw materials, specialty equipment, and time resources. Hence, it is vital to determine factors/inputs that affect the overall physical bead geometry parameters (response variables), and the nature of the responses. The objective of this research is to identify the extent of the contribution of each factor and impact of their interactions on the output which is essential in developing effective predictive models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and sensitivity analysis methodologies are studied in this research to determine the most significant process factors that relate to the shape parameters for a typical laser cladding production process scenario. A set of statistical based summaries for all response variables are presented. This includes contour and surface plots to illustrate the difference in effects for a response variable by a single process parameter as compared to two or more interacting process parameters. Finally, an optimization solver toolbox is applied to determine single and multiple objective optimization results that can be obtained for various desired bead geometries.
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Childs, Edward P., Dimitri Deserranno, and Akshay Bagi. "Using Optimization in Industrial Multi-Point Radial Compressor Design: Map Correction." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91452.
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Abstract The application of Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO) to the industrial design process for a radial compressor with two operating points is described. The design specification includes two operating points at mass flow rates differing by a factor of three, and efficiency and pressure ratio targets for each point. The base case, while roughly sized from 1D analysis, fails to achieve the pressure ratio targets. In this paper, the optimization focusses on correcting the two speed-line map of total to static pressure ratio vs. mass flow rate. “Smart parameterization”, combining independent and dependent geometric parameters, and yielding reasonable geometries for most input combinations, coupled with efficient SBO, with separate models for response surface modeling and failure prediction, yields a design achieving the targets in just 57 CFD runs. FINE/Turbo [1] is used as the CFD analysis code and FINE/Design3D [2] and MINAMO [3] as the multi-objective optimizer.
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Ahmed L., Shakeel, and Pradeep Kumar M. "Optimization of Reaming Process Parameters for Titanium Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Grey Relational Analysis." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66574.
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Reaming is one of the finishing processes that have been widely applied in manufacturing industries. Reaming of Titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy material is an important and current research topic on manufacturing processes. Optimal process parameter setting is an important element in the machinability study of Titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Optimization has most significant importance, particularly for reaming operations. This research work focuses on the multi-response optimization of reaming process parameters using the Taguchi and Grey relational technique to obtain minimum cutting temperature (T), thrust force (Ft), torque (Mt), surface roughness (Ra) and hole quality. The experiments were performed on Titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy using uncoated carbide straight shank reamer under wet and cryogenic LN2 conditions. Eighteen experimental runs (L18) based on the Taguchi method of orthogonal arrays were performed to determine the best factor level condition. The environment, cutting speed and feed rate were selected as control factors. Grey relational analysis was used to determine the most significant control factors affecting the output parameters. Grey relational grade obtained from the grey relational analysis was used to solve the reaming process with the optimal levels of the multiple performance characteristics responses were established. The optimum results indicate that the reaming results have been improved in wet coolant than the cryogenic LN2 condition.
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Tahseen, Siddiq Husain, Abbas S. Milani, and Mina Hoorfar. "Sensitivity Analysis of Mass Transport Properties of Gas Diffusion Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73107.
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A prodigious amount of research has been conducted to study and measure the different properties associated with the mass transfer phenomenon inside the GDL like diffusivity, permeability, porosity, thickness. However, the functional relationship of these parameters with the limiting current; the effect of the individual factor over others; and the interaction, correlation and interdependence of these factors have been subject of little work. Using the experimental data presented in the literature, this paper presents a methodology developed based on a regression model to predict the limiting current from GDL properties. Statistical techniques like factorial design and response surface methodology are used to perform the sensitivity analysis of relevant parameters. The emphasis will be on factor screening to identify efficiently the parameters with most dominant effects. The results obtained will then be used to select the most effective GDL (among those characterized) based on multi criteria decision making tools like weighting sum method (WSM) and TOPSIS with entropy weight. The final goal is to elucidate the impact of each property, and hence to identify the most important parameters that need to be studied and characterized to engineer a better GDL with enhanced water management capabilities.
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Manickam, Akash, Raman Kuppusamy, Sudha Jayaprakasham, and Senthil Kumar Velukkudi Santhanam. "Multi Response Optimization of Friction Stir Process Parameters on AA2024 / SiC Composite Fabricated Using Friction Stir Processing." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68010.
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Abstract Friction Stir processing is used to modify the mechanical properties of the metal by refining the grain structure, which is proven to be effective for selective surface modification and also retaining the properties of bulk. In this present work Aluminium Alloy 2024 is used as a matrix material, which possess poor corrosion resistance and the softness of the material leads to high wear rate. Silicon Carbide (SiC), which has high hardness, high corrosion resistance and withstands high temperature is used as the reinforcement material. The present work aims to enhance the mechanical properties by refining the grain structure, and improvement in the corrosion behavior of AA2024 through surface composite (AA2024/SiC) fabricated using FSP. The Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite is fabricated using Friction Stir Processing by varying the volume fraction of SiC, rotational speed and traverse speed. The process parameters used in this experiment are rotational speed of 1200 rpm, 1500 rpm & 1800 rpm, traverse speed of 44 mm/min, 60 mm/min & 72 mm/min and volume fractions 8%, 16% & 24% of SiC. The experiment is conducted using Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal array considering three factors at three different levels. A square pin tool of H13 steel with hardness of 60 HRC is designed and fabricated to provide better material flow of the reinforcement particles. The Silicon Carbide (SiC) particulate reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) has been successfully fabricated through single pass FSP. The tensile test were carried out using universal testing machine as per ASTM E8 standards to determine the elongation and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of FSPed AA2024/SiC composites and the corrosion rate were evaluated using immersion corrosion testing method by weighing the before and after weights of the samples as per ASTM G31-72, 2004. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is performed on the multiple response test results to find the optimum friction stir process parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is performed to determine the most significant contributing friction stir process parameters at a 95% confidence level.
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Zhu, Jiangnan, Xiying Wang, Changxian Zhang, and Hui Miao. "Shape Optimization of Partly Removed Straight Ribs in Turbine Internal Rectangular Cooling Channel With 45 Degree Ribs." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75221.
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Angled ribs have been widely used in the rectangular internal cooling channel of gas turbine to enhance heat convection strength and the optimal rib parameters have been shown in the former investigations. However, the heat transfer strength of the wall near the terminal of angled ribs is less enhanced by the rib and the local Nusselt number ratio may be lower than 1, which means that the local heat transfer strength of the ribbed wall is lower than that of smooth wall. At the same time, the ribs also generate large friction loss. As a result, a part of ribs which provides little heat transfer enhancement effect are removed in order to both reduce friction loss and maintain or enhance local heat transfer strength. In order to find out the optimal geometry parameters of the removed part of the rib, the optimization study are conducted in this paper based on the ANSYS Workbench software. The channel width to height ratio is 1 and 4. The rib attack angle is 45 degrees. The length of removed part, the transverse location of the removed part and the angle between the flow direction and the incision edge are chosen as the design variables. The area-averaged Nusselt number ratio and temperature on the ribbed wall, the friction factor ratio of the channel and the thermal performance factor are chosen as the objectives. The samples are generated by Latin Hypercube Sampling method and the CFD calculation is conducted by ANSYS CFX module using SST turbulence model. The response surface is obtained by Kriging model based on the CFD results and the Pareto optimal solution of this multi-objective problem is conducted by Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) in the Response Surface Optimization module of ANSYS Workbench. The results show that the removed part of rib could both maintain or slightly enhance the overall Nusselt number ratio and obviously reduce the friction factor at the same time. Furthermore, the Nusselt number ratio in the terminal region of original ribs is also largely enhanced.
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Bilgili, Hatice Kubra, Gozde Ozaydin Ince, Melis Emanet, and Gullu Kiziltas Sendur. "Fabrication of 3D Bone Scaffolds Functionalized With Spatiotemporal Release of BMP-2 Growth Factor via iCVD to Enhance Osteoregeneration." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24072.
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Abstract 3D scaffolds are known to be used in bone tissue engineering applications due to their great potential of providing multi-functionalized environment for cells. Different production techniques have been used focusing on changing geometrical features or adding biological/chemical compounds to improve the functionality of current 2D/3D scaffolds. A critical component to this functionalization relates to the effect of endogenous and exogeneous growth factors (GF) in the bone regeneration process that could be incorporated to the scaffolds via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) which is a solvent free method that requires low energy while also containing a wide variety of monomer choices for the layer by layer coating of polymers with individual functionality choices. However, GFs come with several difficulties such as rapid deactivation, low protein stability profile and little time of half-life, hence ideal environments that can overcome these issues are yet to be defined. Towards that goal, in this study we develop a computational framework based on the implementation of the advection-diffusion-reaction Partial Differential Equations (PDE) in a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) solver in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The goal is to develop a tool and conduct an initial analysis to be utilized for the simulation of multi-layer scaffold functionalized using encapsulation and immobilization of GFs inside nanoparticles possibly via iCVD. In this paper we focus on the analysis of two typical GF (BMP-2 and TGF) release mechanisms based on the effect of key material and geometrical parameters such as thickness of layers, initial GF concentration, diffusion coefficient, release function and uptake rate (absorption coefficient). The ultimate goal is to develop a model that can be used for future bone scaffold design studies when integrated to more advanced optimization methodologies. This model with further integration and updates of chemical and biological parameter measurements and inclusion of presence of antibodies should lay down a valuable basis for directing possible experimental functionalization efforts and their effects on the healing process of bone tissue. Initial results indicate that the proposed computational model can be utilized to predict the response of multi-layered bone scaffolds in terms of the concentration profiles of the GFs. Results of the parametric study presented in this paper prompt for the relative importance of each parameter in tuning the GF release profiles and point towards the need for formal optimization studies to achieve desired GF release responses considering all factors simultaneously. Among them, the diffusion coefficient is a key parameter with both a dominant effect on the GF profile and its ability to characterize different coatings using iCVD methods. As a next step, the developed framework will be updated to incorporate more detailed surface reactions and morphological data to simulate iCVD coated growth factors and verified with possible in-vitro studies before its integration to a formal optimization methodology.
Reports on the topic "Multi factor response surface"
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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.
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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.
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Robinson, W. Full-scale evaluation of multi-axial geogrids in road applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43549.
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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) constructed a full-scale unsurfaced test section to evaluate the performance of two prototype geogrids, referred to as NX950 and NX750, in road applications. The test section consisted of a 10-in.-thick crushed aggregate surface layer placed over a very weak 2 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) clay subgrade. Simulated truck traffic was applied using one of ERDC’s specially designed load carts outfitted with a single-axle dual wheel truck gear. Rutting performance and instrumentation response data were monitored at multiple traffic intervals. It was found that the prototype geogrids improved rutting performance when compared to the unstabilized test item, and that the test item containing NX950 had the best rutting performance. Further, instrumentation response data indicated that the geogrids reduced measured pressure and deflection near the surface of the subgrade layer. Pressure response data in the aggregate layer suggested that the geogrids redistributed applied pressure higher in the aggregate layer, effectively changing the measured stress profile with an increase in pavement depth.
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Neodo, Anna, Fiona Augsburger, Jan Waskowski, Joerg C. Schefold, and Thibaud Spinetti. Monocytic HLA-DR expression and clinical outcomes in adult ICU patients with sepsis – a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0119.
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Review question / Objective: The scope of this review was defined using PICOTS framework where 1) population: adult critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock; 2) index prognostic factor: cell surface protein expression of mHLA-DR in blood; 3) comparative factor: none; 4) outcomes to be predicted: mortality, secondary infections, length of stay, and organ dysfunction score (sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA], multiple organ dysfunction score [MODS], logistic organ dysfunction score [LODS]), composite outcomes where component endpoints consist of at least one of the outcomes stated above (e.g., “adverse outcome” defined as death or secondary infection), 5) timing (of the prediction horizon and the moment of prognosis): any; and 6) setting: ICU. Condition being studied: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to severe infections. It can further progress to septic shock, which includes hemodynamic failure and increased mortality rates. A recent worldwide epidemiological study estimated 48.9 million sepsis cases and 11 million of sepsis-related deaths (~20% of global deaths in 2017). Although its management has advanced considerably, sepsis remains deadly and challenging to treat. The 28/30-day mortality averages around 25% for sepsis and 38% for septic shock in high-income countries. Current models describe the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis as an interplay between concurrent dysfunctional pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Siobhan M. Brady. Mechanisms underlying root system architecture adaptation to low phosphate environment. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600024.bard.
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In order to advance our understanding towards potential biotechnology improvement of plant performance, we studied root responses to limited P in two different plants, Arabidopsis and tomato. Arabidopsis is among the most studied model plants that allows rapid application of molecular and developmental experiments while tomato is an important crop, with application in agriculture. Using Arabidopsis we found that steroid hormones modulate the extent of root elongation in response to limited P, by controlling the accumulation of iron in the root. We also found that the availability of P and iron control the activity of the steroid hormone in the root. Finally, we revealed the genes involved in this nutrient-hormone interaction. Hence, the ferroxidase LPR1 that promotes iron accumulation in response to low P is repressed by the transcription factor BES1/BZR1. Low P inhibits the steroid hormone pathway by enhancing the accumulation of BKI1. High levels of BKI1 inhibit the activity of the steroid hormone receptor at the cell surface and iron accumulation increases inside the root, resulting in a slow growth. Together, the extent of root elongation depends on interactions between an internal cue (steroid hormone) and cues derived from the availability of P and iron in the environment. Using tomato, we found that the response of two cultivated tomato varieties (M82 and New Yorker) to limited P is distinct from that of the wild species, Solanumpennellii. This is implicated at both the levels of root development and whole plant physiology. Specifically, while the root system architecture of cultivated tomato is modulated by limited P availability, that of the wild type species remained unaffected. The wild species appears to be always behaving as if it is always in phosphate deprived conditions, despite sufficient levels of phosphate. Hyper-accumulation of metals appears to mediate this response. Together, this knowledge will be used to isolate new genes controlling plant adaptation to limited P environment.
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Beck, Aaron. RiverOceanPlastic: Land-ocean transfer of plastic debris in the North Atlantic, Cruise No. AL534/2, 05 March – 26 March 2020, Malaga (Spain) – Kiel (Germany). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al534-2.
Full textAbstract:
Cruise AL534/2 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and sought to investigate the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus of the cruise was on the horizontal transfer of plastic debris from major European rivers into shelf regions and on the processes that mediate this transport. Stations were originally chosen to target the outflows of major European rivers along the western Europe coast between Malaga (Spain) and Kiel (Germany), although some modifications were made in response to inclement weather. In total, 16 stations were sampled along the cruise track. The sampling scheme was similar for most stations, and included: 1) a CTD cast to collect water column salinity and temperature profiles, and discrete samples between surface and seafloor, 2) sediment sampling with Van Veen grab and mini-multi corer (mini-MUC), 3) suspended particle and plankton sampling using a towed Bongo net and vertical WP3 net, and 4) surface neusten sampling using a catamaran trawl. At a subset of stations with deep water, suspended particles were collected using in situ pumps deployed on a cable. During transit between stations, surface water samples were collected from the ship’s underway seawater supply, and during calm weather, floating litter was counted by visual survey teams. The samples and data collected on cruise AL534/2 will be used to determine the: (1) abundance of plastic debris in surface waters, as well as the composition of polymer types, originating in major European estuaries and transported through coastal waters, (2) abundance and composition of microplastics (MP) in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (3) abundance and composition of plastic debris in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates), (4) abundance and identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Albrecht G. Von Arnim. eIF3 Complexes and the eIF3e Subunit in Arabidopsis Development and Translation Initiation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696545.bard.
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The original working hypothesis of our proposal was that The “e” subunit of eIF3 has multiple functions from both within the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Within this model, we further hypothesized that the “e” subunit of eIF3 functions in translation as a repressor. We proposed to test these hypotheses along the following specific aims: 1) Determine the subcellular localization of the interaction between eIF3e and other eIF3 subunits, or the COP9 signalosome. 2) Elucidate the biological significance of the varied subcellular localizations of eIF3e through generating Arabidopsis eIF3e alleles with altered subcellular localization. 3.) Purify different eIF3e complexes by tandem affinity purification (TAP). 4) Study the role of eIF3e in translational repression using both in vitro and in planta assays. eIF3 is an evolutionarily ancient and essential component of the translational apparatus in both the plant and animal kingdoms. eIF3 is the largest, and in some ways the most mysterious, of the translation factors. It is a multi-subunit protein complex that has a structural/scaffolding role in translation initiation. However, despite years of study, only recently have differential roles for eIF3 in the developmental regulation of translation been experimentally grounded. Furthermore, the roles of individual eIF3 subunits are not clear, and indeed some, such as the “e” subunit may have roles independent of translation initiation. The original three goals of the proposal were technically hampered by a finding that became evident during the course of the research – Any attempt to make transgenic plants that expressed eIF3e wt or eIF3e variants resulted in seedling lethality or seed inviability. That is, it was impossible to regenerate any transgenic plants that expressed eIF3e. We did manage to generate plants that expressed an inducible form of eIF3e. This also eventually led to lethality, but was very useful in elucidating the 4th goal of the research (Yahalom et al., 2008), where we showed, for the first time in any organism, that eIF3e has a repressory role in translation. In attempt to solve the expression problems, we also tried expression from the native promoter, and as such analyzed this promoter in transgenic plants (Epel, 2008). As such, several additional avenues were pursued. 1) We investigated protein-protein interactions of eIF3e (Paz-Aviram et al., 2008). 2) The results from goal #4 led to a novel hypothesis that the interaction of eIF3e and the CSN meets at the control of protein degradation of nascent proteins. In other words, that the block in translation seen in csn and eIF3e-overexpressing plants (Yahalom et al., 2008) leads to proteasome stress. Indeed we showed that both over expression of eIF3e and the csn mutants lead to the unfolded protein response. 3) We further investigated the role of an additional eIF3 subunit, eIF3h, in transalational regulation in the apical meristem (Zhou et al., 2009). Epel, A. (2008). Characterization of eIF3e in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In Plant Sciences (Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University). Paz-Aviram, T., Yahalom, A., and Chamovitz, D.A. (2008). Arabidopsis eIF3e interacts with subunits of the ribosome, Cop9 signalosome and proteasome. Plant Signaling and Behaviour 3, 409-411. Yahalom, A., Kim, T.H., Roy, B., Singer, R., von Arnim, A.G., and Chamovitz, D.A. (2008). Arabidopsis eIF3e is regulated by the COP9 signalosome and has an impact on development and protein translation. Plant J 53, 300-311. Zhou, F., Dunlap, J.R., and von Arnim, A.G. The translation initiation factor subunit eIF3h is .1 involved in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem maintenance and auxin response. (submitted to Development).
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PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF A STEEL-UHPC COMPOSITE ORTHOTROPIC BRIDGE WITH INTELLIGENT ALGORITHM. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.160.
Full textAbstract:
To address the problems of pavement damage and fatigue cracking of orthotropic steel deck (OSD) in bridges, an innovative composite bridge deck composed of OSD with open ribs and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) layer was proposed. Firstly, the stress responses of fatigue-prone details in the composite bridge deck were investigated by refined two-scale finite element analysis. The results show that the rib-to-deck joint can achieve an infinite fatigue life, while the floorbeam detail of rib-tofloorbeam joint indicates finite fatigue life. Then, response surface models of stress ranges of fatigue details and structure weight were derived via both the central composite design and response surface method. Finally, to improve the fatigue performance for achieving an infinite fatigue life under relatively low structure weight, the multi-objective optimization was executed by an Improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). The obtained Pareto front shows that there is a strong competition between the stress range of fatigue-prone detail and structure weight.
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Styling Parameter Optimization of the Type C Recreational Vehicle Air Drag. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5094.
Full textAbstract:
Recreational vehicles have a lot of potential consumers in China, especially the type C recreational vehicle is popular among consumers due to its advantages, prompting an increase in the production and sales volumes. The type C vehicle usually has a higher air drag than the common commercial vehicles due to its unique appearance. It can be reduced by optimizing the structural parameters, thus the energy consumed by the vehicle can be decreased. The external flow field of a recreational vehicle is analyzed by establishing its computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. The characteristic of the RV’s external flow field is identified based on the simulation result. The approximation models of the vehicle roof parameters and air drag and vehicle volume are established by the response surface method (RSM). The vehicle roof parameters are optimized by multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO). According to the comparison, the air drag is reduced by 2.89% and the vehicle volume is increased by 0.36%. For the RV, the proper geometry parameters can increase the inner space of the vehicle while reducing the air drag.