Academic literature on the topic 'Multi-electron Bubble Phase'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multi-electron Bubble Phase"
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Peng, YuXiang, and Wayne A. Scales. "Satellite Formation Flight Simulation Using Multi-Constellation GNSS and Applications to Ionospheric Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (November 30, 2019): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232851.
Full textAbstract:
The Virginia Tech Formation Flying Testbed (VTFFTB) is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation testbed for spacecraft formation flying with ionospheric remote sensing applications. Past applications considered only the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation. The rapid GNSS modernization offers more signals from other constellations, including the growing European system—Galileo. This study presents an upgrade of VTFFTB with the incorporation of Galileo and the associated enhanced capabilities. By simulating an ionospheric plasma bubble scenario with a pair of LEO satellites flying in formation, the GPS-based simulations are compared to multi-constellation GNSS simulations including the Galileo constellation. A comparison between multi-constellation (GPS and Galileo) and single-constellation (GPS) shows the absolute mean and standard deviation of vertical electron density measurement errors for a specific Equatorial Spread F (ESF) scenario are decreased by 32.83% and 46.12% with the additional Galileo constellation using the 13 July 2018 almanac. Another comparison based on a simulation using the 8 March 2019 almanac shows the mean and standard deviation of vertical electron density measurement errors were decreased further to 43.34% and 49.92% by combining both GPS and Galileo data. A sensitivity study shows that the Galileo electron density measurements are correlated with the vertical separation of the formation configuration. Lower C/N 0 level increases the measurement errors and scattering level of vertical electron density retrieval. Relative state estimation errors are decreased, as well by utilizing GPS L1 plus Galileo E1 carrier phase instead of GPS L1 only. Overall, superior performance on both remote sensing and relative navigation applications is observed by adding Galileo to the VTFFTB.
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Jiang, N., and J. Silcox. "Electron Irradiation Damage in Multi-Component Glasses." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034449.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding electron beam induced damage in glasses, especially in multi-component glasses, is very important, since the interaction of electron probes with glass is a very common approach to determine glass composition and structure. For example, the decay of characteristic X-ray and Auger electron intensities, using electron beams as probes, of alkalis in glasses have been known for years. In addition, both phase separation and formation of gas bubbles in the glasses have also been reported. Many irradiation effects are strongly dependent on the structure, bonding and composition of matter. In general, three types of mechanisms, knock-on damage, ionization and field-induced migration have been introduced to describe the damage induced by electron irradiation. Here, we demonstrate electron irradiation induced phase decomposition in a multi-component oxide glass, and introduce a modified model to interpret the damage process.
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Jiang, Zhao-Hui, Chang-Fa Xiao, and Xiao-Yu Hu. "Preparation and characterization of polyamide-6/CaCO3 hybrid hollow fiber membranes." e-Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2013-0133.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Polyamide-6(PA6)/CaCO3 hollow fiber membranes were prepared by gel spinning from PA6/CaCO3/diluent system followed by cold-stretching. In virtue of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is observed that the membrane present an asymmetric structure consisting of a dense skin, cellular cross-section and porous inner-surface. The porous structure was obtained by combining thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process with interfacial micro-void mechanism, which has been seldom applied in membrane formation. Therefore, multi-porous structure derived from TIPS pores and interfacial micro-void. The Effects of CaCO3 content, fixed-length heat-setting on properties of hollow fiber membranes such as water permeability, porosity, bubble point pore diameter were investigated. In three different CaCO3 contents, the membrane with 30wt% CaCO3 has the best comprehensive performance. In addition, fixed-length heat-setting was favorable to produce membrane with higher water permeability.
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Zhou, Teng, Xiong Gao, Huan Chen, Rui-qian Zhang, Lunlin Shang, Guangan Zhang, and Zhenbing Cai. "The high-temperature oxidation and mechanical properties of the Cr/Zr and CrN/Zr coating." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, August 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac8e1f.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Coating technology to modify the property of zirconium (Zr) alloy is a potential method for accident-tolerant fuel claddings. In this work, Cr-coated and CrN-coated are prepared on the surface of Zr alloy by using multi-arc ion plating technology. The effect of coatings on the high-temperature oxidation performance at 800, 1000, and 1200 ℃ has been investigated. The oxidation behavior, microstructure, and phase composition of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. The mechanical properties of the coatings before and after oxidation were examined by ring compressive and hardness tests. It is shown that all the Cr and CrN coating can effectively protect the substrate from oxidation corrosion in air due to the formation of Cr2O3, which can effectively reduce the penetration of oxygen. The thickness of the oxide layer from the side of the coating doesn’t exceed to 5 μm at 1000 ℃, and from the uncoated side reaches to 70 μm with pores and rough structure. Bubbles appeared on the surface of the coated samples after oxidizing at 1200°C. These bubbles are located at the Cr and Cr2O3 layers. The high-temperature oxidation resistance of Cr coating at 1200℃ is better than that of CrN, the latter appears to crack and spall on the oxide layer. Due to the higher fracture toughness, ductility of the Cr coating and more suitable deformation compatibility, the Cr coating possesses better crack resistance than the CrN coating under mechanical loading.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multi-electron Bubble Phase"
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(9142649), Dohyung Ro. "MULTI-ELECTRON BUBBLE PHASES." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Strong electronic correlations in many-body systems are cradles of new physics. They give birth to novel collective states hosting emergent quasiparticles as well as intriguing geometrical charge patterns. Two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs/AlGaAs under perpendicular magnetic field is one of the most well-known hosts in condensed matter physics where a plethora of the collective states appear. In the strong magnetic field regime, strong Coulomb interactions among the electrons create emergent quasiparticles, i.e. composite fermions and Cooper-paired composite fermions. In the weak magnetic field regime, modified Coulomb interactions drive electron solid phases having geometrical charge patterns in the shape of stripes and bubbles and lower the spatial symmetry of the states.
The fascinating charge order in bubble geometry is the electron bubble phase predicted first by the Hartree-Fock theory. In a bubble phase, certain number of electrons cluster as an entity called bubble and the bubbles order into a crystal of triangular lattice. In addition to the Hartree-Fock theory, the density matrix renormalization group and the exact diagonalization methods further support the formation of electronic bubbles.
Reentrant integer quantum Hall states are commonly accepted as the manifestations of the bubble phases in transport experiment. Soon after the first prediction of the Hartree-Fock theory, the reentrant integer quantum Hall states were observed in the third and higher Landau levels. Since then, the association to the bubble phases has been tested with different experimental techniques for decades.
Although the experimental results from different methods support the bubble phase picture of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states, the electron confinement under the quantum well structure hindered direct scanning of bubble morphology. Thus none of the experiments could showcase the bubble morphology of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states. Meanwhile, a significant discrepancy still remained in between the bubble theories and the experiments. Even though the bubble theories predict the proliferation of bubble phases with increasing orbital index, none of the experiments could observe multiple reentrant integer quantum Hall states in a high Landau level, which signify the multiple bubble formation. Therefore, the proliferation of bubble phases with increasing Landau level index was pessimistic.
In this Dissertation, I present my research on solving this discrepancy. In chapter 4, we performed a magnetotransport measurement of reentrant integer quantum Hall states in the third and higher Landau levels at various different temperatures. Then, we scrutinized how each of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states develops with the gradual increase of the temperature. As a result, we observed multiple reentrant integer quantum Hall states in the fourth Landau level which are associated with the two- and three-electron bubble phases. This result strongly supports the bubble phase picture of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states by confirming the possibility of the proliferation of bubble phases in high Landau levels.
In chapter 5, I analyzed the energetics of newly resolved two- and three-electron bubble phases in the fourth Landau level as well as those of two-electron bubble phases in the third Landau level. Here, I first found, in the fourth Landau level, the three-electron bubbles are more stable than the two-electron bubbles indicating that the multi-electron bubbles with higher electron number are more stable within a Landau level. Secondly, I found distinct energetic features of two- and three-electron bubble phases which are independent of Landau level index throughout the third and the fourth Landau levels. These results highlight the effect of the number of electrons per bubble on the energetics of multi-electron bubble phases and are expected to contribute on improving the existing Hartree-Fock theories.