Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multi-disciplinary'
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Gutierrez, Zachary. "Multi-disciplinary capstone assessment project." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1864813071&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wright, Erinn J. "A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO CHILDHOOD OBESITY." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1341941334.
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Wood, Barbara. "Multi-disciplinary education within the health care professions." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/5957/.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions held by health care professionals, of multi -disciplinary education. In addition, possible areas for the development of a multi-disciplinary approach were identified. The research focused on the views of nurses, physiotherapists, radiographers, speech therapists and occupational therapists. The study adopted a case study methodology, incorporating a mixed-method approach in terms of data collection. A questionnaire was used to review the perceptions of multi-disciplinary education amongst health care professionals, and interviews were then conducted with a sample of the respondents to explore their views further. From the outset, the research process assumed a multi-disciplinary perspective. During the study it became clear that organisational and professional factors were important influences on how health care professionals perceived multidisciplinary education. The research appeared to indicate that the idea of "multidisciplinary education" is a problematic concept and that multi-disciplinary education is acceptable, where it is appropriate. Most of the professions involved recognised the benefits of the process, but were anxious to protect the integrity of each individual profession, in the long term. Moreover, they maintained that the medical profession needs to be included in the process. The organisational findings were, primarily, that multi-disciplinary education might benefit from a cross-agency approach. Perhaps significantly, it was suggested that multi-disciplinary education should be introduced at the pre-registration stage. It was apparent that teamwork does not always occur in practice and that this was an area that could be a focus for multidisciplinary education. The research concluded that there should be joint ownership of any multi-disciplinary education programme across professions and organisations.
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Shields, Matthew S. "Visual programming environments for multi-disciplinary distributed applications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55952/.
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A Problem Solving Environment is a complete, integrated computing environment for composing, compiling and running applications in a specific problem area or domain. A Visual Programming Environment is one possible front end to a problem solving environment. It applies the visual programming paradigms of "point and click" and "drag and drop", via a Graphical User Interface, to the various constituent components that are used to assemble an application. The aim of the problem solving environment presented here is to provide the ability to build up scientific applications by connecting, or plugging, software components together and to provide an intuitive way to construct scientific applications. Problem solving environments promise a totally new user environment for computational scientists and engineers. In this new paradigm, individual programs combined to solve a problem in their given area of expertise, are wrapped as components within an integrated system that is both powerful and easy to use. This thesis aims to address: problems in code reuse the combination of different codes in new ways and problems with underlying system familiarity and distribution. This is achieved by abstracting application composition using visual programming techniques. The work here focuses on a prototype environment using a number of demonstration problems from multi-disciplinary problem domains to illustrate some of the main difficulties in building problem solving environments and some possible solutions. A novel approach to code wrapping, component definition and application specification is shown, together with timing and usage comparisons that illustrate that this approach can be used successfully to help scientists and engineers in their daily work.
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Wuilbercq, Romain. "Multi-disciplinary modelling of future space-access vehicles." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24967.
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Re-usable Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) vehicles represent a promising alternative to conventional expendable rocket launchers, since they will be capable of taking off from a conventional runway, delivering a payload to orbit and gliding back to their spaceport before preparing for re-launch. SSTOs are foreseen to reduce drastically the current costs of access to space and to increase the diversity of practical and economic space applications. The design of aircraft-like launchers is hampered by a myriad of design challenges, however. The coupling between the behaviour of their various systems challenges conventional aircraft design practices and requires that a detailed cross-disciplinary and systemic modelling approach be applied early on in their evolution toward a workable prototype. This dissertation focuses on the development of efficient algorithms and modelling strategies for the purpose of the multidisciplinary design and optimization of the next generation of fully reusable aircraft-like launch systems. The approach followed is to represent the vehicle as an interconnected system which can then be discretized into a series of constituent components. The resulting multidisciplinary design environment combines the use of a new reduced-order aerothermodynamic model, specifically conceived to provide a predictive accuracy suitable for preliminary design, with a series of tools that have been developed to model some of the critical components of SSTOs. This modelling environment can be used to predict the overall performance, mass and trajectory of the vehicle, to concurrently size the active and passive thermal shields, organize the internal configuration of the vehicle, and evaluate the performance of the propulsive device. A number of design applications and validations are provided to support the relevance of this approach to the modelling of the characteristics of the next generation of space-access vehicles.
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Strauch, Gregory J. "Integrated multi-disciplinary design of a sailplane wing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45660.
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The objective of this research is to investigate the techniques and payoffs of integrated aircraft design. Lifting line theory and beam theory are used for the analysis of the aerodynamics and the structures of a composite sailplane wing. The wing is described by 33 - 34 design variables which involve the planform geometry, the twist distribution, and thicknesses of the spar caps, spar webs, and the skin at various stations along the wing. The wing design must satisfy 30 â 31 aeroelastic, structural, aerodynamic, and performance constraints.
Two design procedures are investigated. The first, referred to as the iterative, sequential procedure, involves optimizing the aerodynamic design for maximum average cross-country speed at E1 constant structural weight, and then optimizing the the structural design of the resulting wing geometry for minimum weight. This value is then used in another aerodynamic optimization, and the process continues iteratively until the weight converges. The other procedure, the integrated one, simultaneously optimizes the aerodynamic and the structural design variables for either maximum average cross-country speed or minimum weight.
The integrated procedure was able to improve the value of the objective function obtained by the iterative procedure in all cases. This shows The objective of this research is to investigate the techniques and payoffs of integrated aircraft design. Lifting line theory and beam theory are used for the analysis of the aerodynamics and the structures of a composite sailplane wing. The wing is described by 33 - 34 design variables which involve the planform geometry, the twist distribution, and thicknesses of the spar caps, spar webs, and the skin at various stations along the wing. The wing design must satisfy 30 â 31 aeroelastic, structural, aerodynamic, and performance constraints. Two design procedures are investigated. The first, referred to as the iterative, sequential procedure, involves optimizing the aerodynamic design for maximum average cross-country speed at E1 constant structural weight, and then optimizing the the structural design of the resulting wing geometry for minimum weight. This value is then used in another aerodynamic optimization, and the process continues iteratively until the weight converges. The other procedure, the integrated one, simultaneously optimizes the aerodynamic and the structural design variables for either maximum average cross-country speed or minimum weight.
The integrated procedure was able to improve the value of the objective function obtained by the iterative procedure in all cases. This shows that definite benefits can be gained from taking advantage of aerodynamic/structural interactions during the design process.
Master of Science
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Figueiredo, Vaz Pato Miguel. "A multi-disciplinary approach to Dark Matter Searches." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077205.
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Une grande partie de notre Univers consiste en un type de matière non-lumineuse intrinsèquement différente de tous les types de matière connus. Les preuves expérimentales suggèrent fortement que cette "Matière Noire" contribue à environ 80-85% de la matière de l'Univers. Ces dernières années, de nombreux résultats expérimentaux concernant la Matière Noire ont été publiés, faisant de ce domaine de recherche un des plus excitants. Beaucoup de données sont également attendues dans un avenir proche. Le but de cette thèse est d'établir le lien entre certains modèles de Matière Noire et leurs signatures expérimentales visibles dans les détecteurs actuels ou futurs. En ce qui concerne la détection indirecte de Matière Noire, une attention particulière est accordée à l'excès de électrons/positrons, qui peut en principe être expliqué par annihilations de Matière Noire dans notre Galaxie. Afin de tester cette possibilité nous effectuons une analyse "multi-messenger" combinant les contraintes de différents canaux astrophysiques tels que antiprotons, rayons gamma et signaux radio. Les incertitudes entrant dans le calcul des signatures de Matière Noire sont très importants et limitent notre capacité à extraire les respectives propriétés en cas de découverte. Par conséquent, évaluer et prévoir toutes les incertitudes pertinentes est essentielle, et une grande partie de cette thèse est consacrée à ce sujet. En particulier, nous étudions les perspectives pour la détermination de la propagation des rayons cosmiques avec AMS-02, les incertitudes systématiques sur la densité locale de Matière Noire et l'effet des incertitudes astrophysiques sur les expériences de détection directeA large portion of the present Universe is composed of a non-luminous kind of matter, which is intrinsically distinct from ail mass constituents known to exist. The evidence for this so-called Dark Matter spans sub-galactic to cosmological scales, and strongly suggests that it contributes around 80-85% of the matter content in our Universe. Over the past years, numerous experimental results relevant for Dark Matter searches have been released, triggering a great deal of excitement in the field. Moreover, plenty of data are expected in the near future. This thesis aims at linking Dark Matter models and their experimental signatures in current and upcoming detectors. As far as indirect Dark Matter detection is concerned, special attention is paid to the recently reported electron/positron excess in cosmic rays, which can in principle be explained by Dark Matter annihilations in our Galaxy. In order to test this possibility we perform a multi-messenger analysis combining the constraints from different astrophysical channels such as antiprotons, gamma-rays and radio signals. The uncertainties entering the computation of Dark Matter signatures are very significant and ultimately limit our ability to extract the properties of Dark Matter in case of discovery. Therefore, to assess and forecast ail relevant uncertainties is crucial, and a large portion o this thesis is devoted to that topic. In particular, we study the prospects for pinpointing cosmic-ray propagation with AMS-02, the systematic uncertainties regarding the local Dark Matter density and the effect of astrophysical unknowns on direct detection experiments
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Mauri, Sergio. "Insulin unfolding and aggregation : a multi-disciplinary study." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2003709/.
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This thesis aims at understanding the interaction between insulin and interfaces with a multi-disciplinary approach. We investigate three facets of the interaction. In the first part (chapter 4), we study the interaction of insulin with the air/water interface, for different oligomeric compositions of the solution phase. With the help of Sum Frequency Spectroscopy and calculations of the second order nonlinear susceptibility, we can show that insulin monomers segregate to the hydrophobic air/water interface. Since the insulin monomer is the key species to denature and refold to fibrils, our finding explains for the first time why agitation of insulin solutions and the accompanying increase in air/water interface area accelerates fibril formation. In the second part (chapter 5), we investigate the interaction of insulin monomers at low pH with model hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces. We use a combination of spectroscopic methods, like ATR FT-IR, XPS, SFG and QCM-D to characterise the silicon functionalised solid surface, to quantify the amount of adsorbed protein and to determine its secondary structure. We show that, contrary to physiological conditions, where insulin monomers are known to change secondary structure upon adsorption, an acidic environment leads to near-native adsorbed insulin, which is stable for at least a day. We further show that heat is needed to restructure the adsorbed insulin monolayer and that this restructured monolayer appears to provide the template for further growth. In the final part (Chapter 6), we apply a comparatively simple experimental method, Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy for the first time to the formation of amyloid fibrils at interfaces. In a comparison with FT-IR spectroscopy of our model solid surfaces, we show that a drastic change in the peptide backbone arrangement occurs at a hydrophobic surface, when FT-IR merely detects a thick layer with partial beta-sheet structure. We believe this structural change is the beginning of insulin fibril formation and we use the new tool to explore further changes in the adsorbed layer as it ages over several months.
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Nambiar, Arun N. "Data Exchange in Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization frameworks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1088189791.
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Demko, Daniel Todd. "Tools for Multi-Objective and Multi-Disciplinary Optimization in Naval Ship Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31743.
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This thesis focuses on practical and quantitative methods for measuring effectiveness in naval ship design. An Overall Measure of Effectiveness (OMOE) model or function is an essential prerequisite for optimization and design trade-off. This effectiveness can be limited to individual ship missions or extend to missions within a task group or larger context. A method is presented that uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with Multi-Attribute Value Theory to build an Overall Measure of Effectiveness and Overall Measure of Risk function to properly rank and approximately measure the relative mission effectiveness and risk of design alternatives, using trained expert opinion to replace complex analysis tools. A validation of this method is achieved through experimentation comparing ships ranked by the method with direct ranking of the ships through war gaming scenarios.
The second part of this thesis presents a mathematical ship synthesis model to be used in early concept development stages of the ship design process. Tools to simplify and introduce greater accuracy are described and developed. Response Surface Models and Design of Experiments simplify and speed up the process. Finite element codes such as MAESTRO improve the accuracy of the ship synthesis models which in turn lower costs later in the design process. A case study of an Advanced Logistics Delivery Ship (ALDV) is performed to asses the use of RSM and DOE methods to minimize computation time when using high-fidelity codes early in the naval ship design process.Master of Science
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Kyprianidis, Konstantinos G. "Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8041.
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This thesis describes various aspects of the development of a multi-disciplinary
aero engine conceptual design tool, TERA2020 (Techno-economic, Environmental
and Risk Assessment for 2020), based on an explicit algorithm that considers:
engine performance, engine aerodynamic and mechanical design, aircraft design
and performance, emissions prediction and environmental impact, engine and
airframe noise, and production, maintenance and direct operating costs.
As part of this research e ort, a newly-derived semi-empirical NOx correlation
for modern rich-burn single-annular combustors is proposed. The development
of a numerical methods library is also presented, including an improved gradientbased
algorithm for solving non-linear equation systems. Common assumptions
made in thermo-
uid modelling for gas turbines and their e ect on caloric properties
are investigated, while the impact of uncertainties on performance calculations
and emissions predictions at aircraft system level is assessed. Furthermore,
accuracy limitations in assessing novel engine core concepts as imposed by current
practice in thermo-
uid modelling are identi ed.
The TERA2020 tool is used for quantifying the potential bene ts from novel
technologies for three low pressure spool turbofan architectures. The impact of
failing to deliver speci c component technologies is quanti ed, in terms of power
plant noise and CO2 emissions. To address the need for higher engine thermal
e ciency, TERA2020 is again utilised; bene ts from the potential introduction of
heat-exchanged cores in future aero engine designs are explored and a discussion
on the main drivers that could support such initiatives is presented. Finally, an
intercooled core and conventional core turbofan engine optimisation procedure
using TERA2020 is presented. A back-to-back comparison between the two
engine con gurations is performed and fuel optimal designs for 2020 are proposed.
Whilst the detailed publications and the work carried out by the author, in a
collaborative e ort with other project partners, is presented in the main body of
this thesis, it is important to note that this work is supported by 20 conference
and journal papers.
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Alfaris, Anas (Anas Faris). "Emergence through conflict : the Multi-Disciplinary Design System (MDDS)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49718.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 413-430).
This dissertation proposes a framework and a group of systematic methodologies to construct a computational Multi-Disciplinary Design System (MDDS) that can support the design of complex systems within a variety of domains. The way in which the resulting design system is constructed, and the capabilities it brings to bare, are totally different from the methods used in traditional sequential design. The MDDS embraces diverse areas of research that include design science, systems theory, artificial intelligence, design synthesis and generative algorithms, mathematical modeling and disciplinary analyses, optimization theory, data management and model integration, and experimental design among many others. There are five phases to generate the MDDS. These phases involve decomposition, formulation, modeling, integration, and exploration. These phases are not carried out in a sequential manner, but rather in a continuous move back and forth between the different phases. The process of building the MDDS begins with a top-down decomposition of a design concept. The design, seen as an object, is decomposed into its components and aspects, while the design, seen as a process, is decomposed into developmental levels and design activities. Then based on the process decomposition, the architecture of the MDDS is formulated into hierarchical levels each of which comprises a group of design cycles that include design modules at different degrees of abstraction. Based on the design object decomposition, the design activities which include synthesis, analysis, evaluation and optimization are modeled within the design modules.
(cont.) Subsequently through a bottom-up approach, the design modules are integrated into a data flow network. This network forms MDDS as an integrated system that acts as a holistic structured functional unit that explores the design space in search of satisfactory solutions. The MDDS emergent properties are not detectable through the properties and behaviors of its parts, and can only be enucleated through a holistic approach. The MDDS is an adaptable system that is continuously dependent on, and responsive to, the uncertainties of the design process. The evolving MDDS is thus characterized a multi-level, multi-module, multi-variable and multi-resolution system. Although the MDDS framework is intended to be domain-independent, several MDDS prototypes were developed within this dissertation to generate exploratory building designs.
by Anas Alfaris.
Ph.D.
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Chen, Ying. "Formulation of a Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization of Containerships." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36069.
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To develop a computer tool that will give the best ship design using an optimization technique is one of the objects of the FIRST project. Choosing a containership design as a test case, the Design Optimization Tools (DOT) package is used as the optimization tool. The problem is tackled from the ship owner's point of view. The required freight rate is chosen as the objective function because the most important thing that concerns the ship owner is whether the ship will make a profit or not, and if so, how much profit it can make. DOT, as well as any other numerical optimization tool, only gives an approximation of the optimum design and uses numerical approximation during the optimization. It is very important for the users to formulate carefully the optimization problem so that it will give a stable and reasonable solution. Development of a geometric module and choosing suitable empirical formulas for performance evaluation are also major issues of the project.Master of Science
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Gadkari, Varun V. "A Multi-Disciplinary Investigation of Essential DNA Replication Proteins." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492566624521622.
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Anand, Sanjeev Singh. "Sentencing and the prevention of youth crime, a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/NQ43412.pdf.
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Good, Nathan Andrew. "Multi-Objective Design Optimization Considering Uncertainty in a Multi-Disciplinary Ship Synthesis Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34532.
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Multi-disciplinary ship synthesis models and multi-objective optimization techniques are increasingly being used in ship design. Multi-disciplinary models allow designers to break away from the traditional design spiral approach and focus on searching the design space for the best overall design instead of the best discipline-specific design. Complex design problems such as these often have high levels of uncertainty associated with them, and since most optimization algorithms tend to push solutions to constraint boundaries, the calculated "best" solution might be infeasible if there are minor uncertainties related to the model or problem definition. Consequently, there is a need to address uncertainty in optimization problems to produce effective and reliable results. This thesis focuses on adding a third objective, uncertainty, to the effectiveness and cost objectives already present in a multi-disciplinary ship synthesis model. Uncertainty is quantified using a "confidence of success" (CoS) calculation based on the mean value method. CoS is the probability that a design will satisfy all constraints and meet performance objectives. This work proves that the CoS concept can be applied to synthesis models to estimate uncertainty early in the design process. Multiple sources of uncertainty are realistically quantified and represented in the model in order to investigate their relative importance to the overall uncertainty. This work also presents methods to encourage a uniform distribution of points across the Pareto front. With a well defined front, designs can be selected and refined using a gradient based optimization algorithm to optimize a single objective while holding the others fixed.Master of Science
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Durovy, David Edward. "Breaking educational paradigms : empowering design education through multi-disciplinary collaboration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17503.
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Stewart, Ruth. "Expertise and multi-disciplinary training for evidence-informed decision-making." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 2007. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/2540/.
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Hall, Courtney D. "A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Management of the Dizzy Patient." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/557.
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Cunningham, Gerard. "Community mental health teams in Northern Ireland : how are they organised?; are service users satisfied?" Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252426.
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Li, Mian. "Robust optimization and sensitivity analysis with multi-objective genetic algorithms single- and multi-disciplinary applications /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7672.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Antol, Andrej. "Developing Trust in Virtual Inter-organisational Networks A Multi-disciplinary Perspective /." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00645523001/$FILE/00645523001.pdf.
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Dadvand, Pooyan. "A framework for developing finite element codes for multi-disciplinary applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6868.
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The world of computing simulation has experienced great progresses in recent years and requires more exigent multidisciplinary challenges to satisfy the new upcoming demands. Increasing the importance of solving multi-disciplinary problems makes developers put more attention to these problems and deal with difficulties involved in developing software in this area. Conventional finite element codes have several difficulties in dealing with multi-disciplinary problems. Many of these codes are designed and implemented for solving a certain type of problems, generally involving a single field. Extending these codes to deal with another field of analysis usually consists of several problems and large amounts of modifications and implementations. Some typical difficulties are: predefined set of degrees of freedom per node, data structure with fixed set of defined variables, global list of variables for all entities, domain based interfaces, IO restriction in reading new data and writing new results and algorithm definition inside the code. A common approach is to connect different solvers via a master program which implements the interaction algorithms and also transfers data from one solver to another. This approach has been used successfully in practice but results duplicated implementation and redundant overhead of data storing and transferring which may be significant depending to the solvers data structure. The objective of this thesis is to design and implement a framework for building multi-disciplinary finite element programs. Generality, reusability, extendibility, good performance and memory efficiency are considered to be the main points in design and implementation of this framework. Preparing the structure for team development is another objective because usually a team of experts in different fields are involved in the development of multi-disciplinary code. Kratos, the framework created in this work, provides several tools for easy implementation of finite element applications and also provides a common platform for natural interaction of its applications in different ways. This is done not only by a number of innovations but also by collecting and reusing several existing works. In this work an innovative variable base interface is designed and implemented which is used at different levels of abstraction and showed to be very clear and extendible. Another innovation is a very efficient and flexible data structure which can be used to store any type of data in a type-safe manner. An extendible IO is also created to overcome another bottleneck in dealing with multi-disciplinary problems. Collecting different concepts of existing works and adapting them to coupled problems is considered to be another innovation in this work. Examples are using an interpreter, different data organizations and variable number of dofs per node. The kernel and application approach is used to reduce the possible conflicts arising between developers of different fields and layers are designed to reflect the working space of different developers also considering their programming knowledge. Finally several technical details are applied in order to increase the performance and efficiency of Kratos which makes it practically usable. This work is completed by demonstrating the framework's functionality in practice. First some classical single field applications like thermal, fluid and structural applications are implemented and used as benchmark to prove its performance. These applications are used to solve coupled problems in order to demonstrate the natural interaction facility provided by the framework. Finally some less classical coupled finite element algorithms are implemented to show its high flexibility and extendibility.El mundo de la simulación computacional ha experimentado un gran avance en los últimos años y cada día requiere desafíos multidisciplinares más exigentes para satisfacer las nuevas demandas. El aumento de la importancia por resolver problemas multidisciplinares hizo poner más atención a la resolución de estos problemas y a los problemas que éstos implican en el área de desarrollo de software. Los códigos convencionales de elementos finitos tienen varias dificultades para enfrentar se con problemas multidisciplinares. Muchos de estos códigos se diseñan y desarrollan para solucionar ciertos tipos de problemas, implicando generalmente un solo campo. Ampliar estos códigos para resolver problemas en otros campos del análisis, normalmente es difícil y se necesitan grandes modificaciones. Los ejemplos más comunes son: grados de libertad predefinidos para los nodos, estructura de datos capaz de guardar sólo una serie de variables definidas, lista global de las variables para todas las entidades, interfaces basadas en los dominios, capacidad del Input/Ouput para leer nuevos datos o escribir nuevos resultados y definición del algoritmo dentro del código. Un método común para resolver estos problemas es conectar varios modulos de calculo a través de un programa principal que implemente los algoritmos de la interacción y también transfiera datos de un modulo de calculo a otro. Este método se ha utilizado en la práctica con éxito, pero resulta en muchas duplicaciones del código y exceso de almacenamiento y tiempo de ejecución, dependiendo de la estructura de datos de los modulos de calculo. El objetivo de esta tesis es diseñar e implementar un marco general para el desarrollo programas de elementos finitos multidisciplinares. La generalidad, la reutilización, la capacidad de ampliación, el buen rendimiento y la eficiencia en el uso de la memoria por parte del codigo son considerados los puntos principales para el diseño e implementación de este marco. La preparación de esta estructura para un fácil desarrollo en equipo es otro objetivo importante, porque el desarrollo de un código multidisciplinar generalmente requiere expertos en diferentes campos trabajando juntos. Kratos, el marco creado en este trabajo, proporciona distintas herramientas para una fácil implementación de aplicaciones basadas en el método de los elementos finitos. También proporciona una plataforma común para una interacción natural y de diferentes maneras entre sus aplicaciones. Esto no sólo está hecho innovando, sino que además se han recogido y usado varios trabajos existentes. En este trabajo se diseña y se implementa una interface innovadora basada en variables, que se puede utilizar a diferentes niveles de abstracción y que ha demostrado ser muy clara y extensible. Otra innovación es una estructura de datos muy eficiente y flexible, que se puede utilizar para almacenar cualquier tipo de datos de manera "type-safe". También se ha creado un Input/Ouput extensible para superar otras dificultades en la resolución de problemas multidisciplinares. Otra innovación de este trabajo ha sido recoger e integrar diversos conceptos de trabajos ya existentes, adaptándolos a problemas acoplado.Esto incluye el uso de un intérprete, diversas organizaciones de datos y distinto número de grados de libertad por nodo. El concepto de núcleo y aplicación se utiliza para separar secciones del codigo y reducir posibles conflictos entre desarrolladores de diversos campos. Varias capas en la estructura de Kratos han sido diseñadas considerando los distintos niveles de programación de diferentes tipos de desarrolladores. Por último, se aplican varios detalles técnicos para aumentar el rendimiento y la eficacia de Kratos, convirtiendo lo en una herramienta muy útil para la resolución de problemas prácticos. Este trabajo se concluye demostrando el funcionamiento de Kratos en varios ejemplos prácticos. Primero se utilizan algunas aplicaciones clásicas de un solo campo como prueba patrón de rendimiento. Después, estas aplicaciones se acoplan para resolver problemas multidisciplinares, demostrando la facilidad natural de la interacción proporcionada por Kratos. Finalmente se han implementado algunos algoritmos menos clásicos para demostrar su alta flexibilidad y capacidad.
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Prinsloo, Dawn Lilian. "The right to mother tongue education a multi-disciplinary, normative perspective." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/365.
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The post-apartheid South African Constitution guarantees the children of this country “the right to receive education in the official language or languages of their choice in public education institutions where that education is reasonably practicable” (The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, Section 29 (2)) (Juta’s Statutes 2003). Yet ten years into the new dispensation nothing significant has been done to alter a situation in which the majority of children are obliged to access their basic education largely through the medium of a second or even a third language — English. In contravention of both the intentions and the specific provisions of numerous legislative measures and policy statements, Government has made no serious or effective attempt to promote the use of any language other than English in South African schools nor to encourage language practices most conducive to the cognitive development and academic success of millions of non-English speaking pupils. To make matters worse, most of the children who enter the school system with very little knowledge of English and are expected to make an abrupt transition to that language as a medium of instruction after a totally inadequate three years are from impoverished households and communities still suffering the gravest effects of the discrimination and oppression of apartheid. They are often underprepared and seriously disadvantaged by their background circumstances when they enter the culturally strange and intimidating western-style education system. To heap on top of these disadvantages the burden of language practices in the classroom that hinder rather than facilitate their access to education is indefensible. When Macdonald asks, “ Are our children still swimming up the waterfall?” (Macdonald 2002: 111) she is not exaggerating. In these circumstances and if ineffective language teaching and inadequate use of the mother tongue as a medium of instruction can be shown to bar effective access to basic education of an acceptable standard, there are far more serious and far-reaching implications in terms of human rights than just the right to choice of language medium. Linguistic research into medium of instruction has tended to be isolated from evaluative legal approaches to minority language rights, children’s rights, education rights or other fundamental human rights. Insufficient attention has been given to the interrelationship between the various rights and the importance of local conditions and circumstances in any assessment of their relative weight and enforceability. Human rights cannot be seen out of context, and theory from various disciplines, such as politics, economics and linguistics may be invaluable in forming a fresh perspective on the right to mother tongue education and, indeed, to basic education in general. The principle of non-discrimination in education is generally recognised, to be sure, as is the importance of ensuring access to and quality of education (Strydom 1992/93:139), but the dependence of these factors on the most appropriate medium of instruction within the education system does not merit much attention in the literature. The right to basic education tends to be seen as separate from any possible right to choice of medium of instruction and the latter often merely as a question of convenience or preference, at best a qualified right (Oosthuizen and Rossouw 2001: 666), dependent on feasibility, numbers and available finance (Motata and Lemmer 2002: 111). In fact, the case for regarding the right to mother tongue education as a strong positive right in many contexts and countries does not appear yet to have been made. This study is theoretical in nature and constitutes an attempt to fill this gap by examining the findings and views of experts from various disciplines within the framework of current thinking on human rights issues. The development of a coherent framework within which to view the right to mother tongue education and government obligations in connection therewith might be of some value to policy makers in their efforts to plan improvements within the education system. The synthesis and possibly, to a limited extent, the development of theory from the relevant disciplines will be undertaken by means of a survey of the relevant literature, an analysis of not only local but also international legislation and policy documents and the weighing and balancing of conflicting evidence and contrasting viewpoints. Sources and contributions in each area will be discussed under the headings outlined in Chapter 3. First, however, I should like to provide an overview of the educational, political and economic context in which mother tongue education must be considered.
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Ojo, Rus Timi. "Topology Optimizationin a Multi Disciplinary framework for a Turbine Rear Structure." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223327.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis represents a research effort for the implementation of a structural optimization method known as Topology Optimization (TO) in a multi disciplinary work environment. This application is tested in a platform developed at GKN Aerospace Sweden named Engineering Workbench (EWB). The platform allows optimization of aerospace structures for several disciplines including thermo-mechanics, aerodynamics and producibility. It utilizes Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) tools to follow a Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) and Design Of Experiments (DOE) approach. Consequently, this enables obtaining results from different disciplines for a large amount of design cases with limited human intervention. The implementation is performed taking a Turbine Rear Structure (TRS) as a use case. This is a component from a jet-engine which has been previously subject of study in EWB. The procedure already in use is extended in order to obtain TO results for a desired number of design alternatives automatically. This extension is done while considering the constraints imposed by the different disciplines. In addition, the positive contributions of the new procedure to the structural design of components are analyzed.
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Caudron, Corentin. "Multi-disciplinary continuous monitoring of Kawah Ijen volcano, East Java, Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209416.
Full textAbstract:
Kawah Ijen (2386 m) is a stratovolcano located within Ijen Caldera, at the easternmostpart of Java island in Indonesia. Since 2010, the volcano has been equipped with seismometers
and several sensors (temperature and level) have been immersed in its acidic lake waters and in the acidic river seeping on the volcano flanks. While finding instruments capable of resisting to such extreme conditions (pH~0) has been challenging, the coupling of lake monitoring techniques with seismic data improves the knowledge of the volcanic-hydrothermal dynamics. Moreover, the monitoring capabilities have been considerably
enhanced supporting the decision-making of the authorities in case of emergency.
Several methods and processing techniques were used to analyze the seismic data. Much effort has been given to implement the seismic velocities (Moving Window Cross Spectral Analysis (MWCSA)) calculations. At Kawah Ijen, the frequency band that is less affected by the volcanic tremor and the seasonal fluctuations at the source ranges between 0.5-1.0 Hz. Moreover, a stack of 5 days for the current CCF gives reliable results with low errors and allows to detect fluctuations which are missed using a 10-day stack.
The background seismic activity mostly consists in low frequency events and a continuous tremor of low amplitude. Fluctuations of the lake temperature and level result from the recharge of the hydrothermal system during the rainy season. Kawah Ijen lake waters are not perfectly mixed and a shallow stratification occurs during the rainy season, because meteoric waters are less dense than the lake fluids.
Different unrest occurred during our study. Some of them strongly affected the volcanic lake, while others did only weakly. In the first category, a strong unrest commenced in October 2011 with heightened VT (Volcano Tectonic) earthquakes and low frequency events activity, which culminated mid-December 2011. This unrest was correlated with an enhanced heat and hydrothermal fluids discharge to the crater and significant variations of the relative velocities (~1%). This suggests an important build-up of stress into the system. VT earthquakes opened pathways for the fluids to ascend, by increasing the permeability of the system, which latter allowed the initiation of monochromatic tremor (MT) when the steam/gases interacted with the shallow portions of the aquifer. Our calculations evidence a higher contribution of steam in March 2012 that might explain the increase of the MT frequency when bubbles were observed at the lake surface. This period was also characterized by short-lived but strong velocity variations, related to water level
rises containing important amount of bubbles, and important heat and mass discharges
into the lake. On the contrary, the second category of unrest did only slightly affect the
lake system. This could be explained by a dryer hydrothermal system and/or locations of
the seismic sources, which were not directly linked to the lake.
While a magmatic eruption will likely be preceded by a strong seismic activity, the major challenges remain to understand why the unrest we studied did not lead to an eruption and to identify precursory signs of a phreatic eruption. Even a small phreatic eruption would be devastating for the people working everyday in the crater and the ones
who live nearby the voluminous acidic lake.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Liu, Qingyun. "COUPLING HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW SOLVERS FOR MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SIMULATIONS." MSSTATE, 2003. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11122003-165044/.
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The purpose of this study is to build, test, validate, and implement two heat transfer models, and couple them to an existing fluid flow solver, which can then be used for simulating multi-disciplinary problems. The first model is for heat conduction computations, the other one is a quasi-one-dimensional cooling channel model for water-cooled jacket structural analysis. The first model employs the integral, conservative form of the thermal energy equation, which is discretized by means of a finite-volume numerical scheme. A special algorithm is developed at the interface between the solid and fluid regions, in order to keep the heat flux consistent. The properties of the solid region materials can be temperature dependent, and different materials can be used in different parts of the domains, thanks to a multi-block gridding strategy. The cooling channel flow model is developed by using uasi-one-dimensional conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy, taking into account the effects of heat transfer and friction. It is possible to have phase changes in the channel, and a mixture model is applied, which allows two phases to be present, as long as they move at the same bulk velocity and vapor quality does not exceed relatively small values. The coupling process of both models (with the fluid solver and with each other) is handled within the Loci system, and is detailed in this study. A hot-air nozzle wall problem is simulated, and the computed results are validated with available experimental data. Finally, a more complex case involving the water-cooled nozzle of a Rocket Based Combined Cycle(RBCC) gaseous oxygen/gaseous hydrogen thruster is simulated, which involves all three models, fully coupled. The calculated temperatures in the nozzle wall and at the cooling channel outlet compare favorably with experimental data.
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Musgrave, Kenneth C. "A multi-disciplinary, concurrent engineering, product development model for industrial design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22380.
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Donovan, Kenneth. "Askesis : a multi-disciplinary study investigating a first century Christian concept." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54477/.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an investigation of a concept of askesis in the life style of Jesus and his original followers in the Galilee in the first century of the present era. It has been undertaken because definitions of the term, asceticism, in much scholarly writings have been premised on a style of living associated with that of hermits and monks living in the third and fourth centuries CE. Recent work on asceticism has opened up new avenues for consideration of this concept. However there is still little attention paid to the use of the Greek terms associated with dcncea) which had been in use in Greek writings for over a millennium prior to the era of the hermits and monks in the western world. These writings reveal that these terms embraced many meanings relating to behaviour and actions posited on the effort involved in fulfilling them. Chapter one of this study examines this group of cognate terms in order to establish a first century Christian concept of askesis which throws light on the way in which the Galilean followers of Jesus lived their lives in response to his teachings. One obstacle in this inquiry derives from the fact that daK 0) and its cognates do not appear in the Synoptic Gospels which remain the primary sources of evidence concerning Jesus and his followers. However, my studies nave indicated the interconnectedness which existed in the eastern Mediterranean, of which the Galilee was part, in which over many centuries there had been a free flow of ideas and practices spearheaded by changes in administration and governance. This study proceeds on the assumption that in this region there were shared beliefs and values in the cultural and religious lives of its inhabitants in which Hellenism played no small part. Chapters two and three contextualise the cultural background in which Jesus and his Galilean followers lived. From that peculiar culture I examine two examples of ascetic practices, the writings of Qoheleth and the code of practice found in the Essene documents. Both exemplify an element in askesis, to be found early in the development of the concept, namely the counter cultural nature of the behaviour of the people involved. Chapters four, five and six discuss the effect which the teachings of Jesus in the SM and the SP exercised on the lives of those who responded to his call. The ascetic nature of their response might be summed up in their voluntary acceptance of the demands of Jesus to undergo a new formation, the denial of self and love of one's enemies. Chapter seven examines how these ascetic teachings were received by a later generation of followers (c. 100-200 CE). In the conclusion I sum up what I have attempted to argue in this study and suggest how the concept of askesis presented might contribute another dimension in ascetic living.
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Durai, D. "Assessing the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy : a multi-disciplinary approach." Thesis, Swansea University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636750.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to develop and validate structured evaluation tools to measure performance in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy using a multidisciplinary approach. This study was built on a United Kingdom multi-centre randomised controlled trial, (the Multi-Institution Nurse endoscopy Trial, MINuET). I studied three important components of performance in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Endoscopic skills, patient satisfaction with endoscopy and the quality of endoscopy reporting. Endoscopic skill was assessed by analysis of video recordings using a scale that was validated in the course of this study (the Swansea OGD scale). Patient satisfaction was measured using a new scale, the gastrointestinal endoscopy satisfaction questionnaire (GESQ), which was also validated. I developed the Swansea OGD scale using quality criteria from textbooks, professional body recommendations and the literature. 188 videos were assessed. It has a good factor structure on factor analysis, internal consistency, good inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. It has face validity, content validity and construct validity. The GESQ was developed and validated from responses from 1563 patients. It has a good factor structure, internal reliability, face validity, content validity and is interpretable. The quality of endoscopy reporting was variable and sub optimal, which I tested on the 552-endoscopy reports by doctors or nurses. Endoscopic skills correlated with patient satisfaction with procedure. I have shown the Swansea OGD scale to be valid and reliable. The GESQ is a valid instrument to measure patient satisfaction with endoscopy. The quality of endoscopy reporting was variable and sub optimal. This multidisciplinary approach can be used to assess quality of performance in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a structured and reliable fashion.
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Baumohl, Anton Paul. "The micro-dynamics of knowledge development in multi-disciplinary work groups." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10313/.
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Organisations, especially those with a business or commercial focus, have always had an interest in knowledge and learning whether they have used these terms to describe their internal processes or not. The acquisition and use of knowledge to create products and services has always been at the heart of any business venture, as has the development of the necessary skills and other actions within the workforce to deliver these products and services. It is only within the last twenty years that there has been any concerted effort to understand the processes that lead to the development of knowledge and that encourage and foster learning. This research examines the dynamics of knowledge development and its relation to learning in the team setting of one professional service company based in London. Using a grounded theory approach a detailed examination of the knowledge development activities in three teams is carried out, as they work on three projects with different external clients. Data is collected from the interaction of team members during set team meetings and from the way ideas are initiated and developed over the life of the project. This is supported by detailed examination of the business and organisational literature. The research provides insights into the way individual contributions to team discussions aid knowledge development as well as developing a picture of the nature of knowledge development - its dynamics and morphology. Detailed descriptions, models and visual representations are used to record the results of the research. The research as a whole has a methodology that is replicable and provides hypotheses that can be tested by other researchers. It also offers insights of value to those managers, consultants and other professionals involved in knowledge development in organisations.
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Sherriff, Ileta Hermina. "A multi-disciplinary approach to the management of non-school attendance." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4462.
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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of school-based projects on the behaviour of secondary school persistent absentees. The research was divided between two school-based projects: (a) Project X, based at School X, consists of seven Subject pupils who are non-school attenders; (b) Project Y, based at School Y, consists of 16 Subject adolescents who are non-school attenders, they were matched with two control groups who attend the mainstream curriculum - 16 Control A adolescents who are non-school attenders and 16 Control B adolescents who are good school attenders. The behaviour of the School X Subject pupils were evaluated via a within-subject design in order to compare their progress during pre-intervention (i. e. mainstream curriculum), intervention (i. e. Project X programme) and follow-up (i. e. return to mainstream curriculum) phases. In the case of School Y, the progress of the three groups were evaluated via both within-subject and between-subject designs during three phases: a one-year pre-intervention period (i. e. when all three groups attended mainstream lessons); first year of intervention (i. e. Project Y programme for the Subject adolescents) and the second year of intervention (i. e. Project Y programme for the Subject adolescents). The analyses of the main results indicate that: 1. Persistent absenteeism is significantly associated with social deprivation (e. g. poor housing) and poor scholastic progress. The findings also show that both parents and teachers believe that there should be greater contact between the home and school. 2. The two school-based projects were successful in significantly increasing school attendance among persistent absentees, although they were unable to generalise this over time (e. g. during the follow-up phase at School X). Nevertheless, some of their curricular approaches which appear to contribute to combating disaffection include an emphasis on behaviour therapy, academic-orientated lessons, individual attention, pupil being the focus of adult attention, close proximity between teacher and pupil during interaction, teacher praise, indirect, teaching where pupils are allowed greater freedom of expression, direct, teaching where pupils receive regular lectures and directions in relation to task-work, small classes, extra adult helpers, high levels of teacher-pupil interaction, and regular contact with local community. Therefore, despite the limitations, the importance of this thesis lies in the fact that not only does it show data on the actual classroom behaviour of persistent absentees and their teachers, but it also presents data on the type of classroom atmosphere which appear to be related to positive pupil outcomes among disaffected school children. Thus, the present study concludes that persistent absenteeism is effectively interpreted within a multi-disciplinary framework which reflects both home and school factors.
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Smaling, Rudolf M. "System architecture selection in a multi-disciplinary system design optimization framework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91788.
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Anyon, Matthew James. "A multi-disciplinary study of insect adhesion : functional biomechanics and applications." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6895.
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The ability of insects to successfully attach to a wide variety of surfaces with seemingly little to no effort has fascinated naturalists and researchers for hundreds of years. The observation of a fly climbing up a window, or spider walking upside down on our ceilings is a commonly overlooked and under-appreciated sight. The advanced ability of insects to attach themselves successfully to different surfaces for the purpose of locomotion, under different orientations and in a fast, reliable and efficient manner is not only an impressive natural capability but also crucial to the survival and ecology of the insect, and by extension to the success of the species as a whole. To achieve this adhesive ability insects utilise a 'wet' adhesive system, making use of specialised functional adhesive pad structures which deploy a liquid secretion to the contact zone which aids adhesion through capillary and viscous forces. These attachment pads can be loosely classified as either 'smooth' or 'hairy' and are found in most insect species studied to date. Predictions from a small number of simple theoretical models of insect attachment have been experimentally verified for a number of insects species, however, due to the vastness of the insect world, the exact physical mechanisms underlying insect adhesion for the majority of insects is still unclear. Through the use of qualitative and quantitative experiments of several species of ant (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) and ladybird (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) we characterise the functional morphology of the attachment devices and properties of the adhesive secretion of smooth and fibrillar attachment devices found in these insects. In an effort to gain a greater understanding of the physical mechanism of wet insect adhesion to smooth surfaces, we compare in vivo force measurement results from several custom-built force measurement techniques with predictions from a number of theoretical contact-mechanic models under conditions of adhesion normal to, and friction forces tangential to the substrate. By varying the physico-chemical properties of the substrates within these experiments, and the orientation of the insects under investigation, the magnitudes of these contributions under different experimental conditions is determined, and the results are discussed in the context of the magnitudes of different surface forces that may be acting during adhesive and frictional detachment processes, as well as the influence of the substrate surface energy. By applying this understanding towards the investigation and development of novel antiadhesive surfaces for use in domestic and industrial settings, several methods of reducing or preventing insect attachment forces are investigated and discussed in the context of creating environmentally and ecologically friendly strategies of pest control. In summary this thesis provides evidence for links between the physico-chemical properties of a substrate and adhesive forces generated by insects during locomotion, and how an insects' adhesive ability on a particular substrate may influence their behaviour. Results from this study will be helpful in designing the next generation of smart adhesives, but could also lead to novel anti-adhesive barriers for environmentally friendly strategies of pest-control.
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De, Villiers J. N. P. "A multi-disciplinary approach towards elucidating the genetics of multiple sclerosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53252.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Current knowledge suggests that MS is associated with autoimmunity and that infectious agents and hereditary factors may be involved. The demonstration of a higher recurrence risk of MS in families (4-5%) compared with the general population (0.1%) provides strong evidence for a genetic basis. Extensive analyses of the entire human genome to identify new genes that may underlie MS have indicated that several genes may contribute to disease susceptibility, but these remain largely unidentified. In this study candidate genes involved in iron metabolism and immunology have been analysed for the first time within the context of both autoimmune and infectious disease susceptibility, in order to investigate the role of genetic and viral factors implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. The Z-DNA forming repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent ion transporters) member 1 (SLC11A1) gene was found to be significantly associated with MS (P<0.01) in the genetically homogeneous Afrikaner population of South Africa, but not in the German and French populations using a case-control study and transmission linkage disequilibrium approach, respectively. However, significant differences were observed in genotype distribution between German MS patients with a primary- and secondary progressive disease course (P<0.05), and between the German patients with relapsing remitting and primary progressive MS (P<0.05). These findings provide further evidence that the SLC11A1 gene is associated with MS, most likely due to its role in iron homeostasis. In order to investigate the influence of viruses in the apparent multi-step aetiology of MS, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS patients, close relatives and unrelated controls were screened for the presence of MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV) and two herpes virus (HHV-6 and EBV) sequences. Detection of the pol gene expression of MSRV in the serum RNA of 69% of South African MS patients and in 70% of their unaffected close relatives, whilst absent in the serum of 39 unrelated healthy control individuals (P<0.001), indicated that virus infections affect the population risk but not the familial risk in MS. HHV-6 sequences were also present at a significantly lower frequency (P<0.04) in the PBMCs of unrelated controls (5%) compared to MS patients (22.5%). A point mutation (77C^G) in the gene encoding protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptortype C (PTPRC), which is essential for activation of T and B cells, was found to be associated with MS in the German population. Analysis of the Afrikaner and German study populations included in our study did not indicate a causative role for the PTPRC gene in MS. However, it seems likely that this mutation may contribute to disease expression, since in one of the South African families with two MS affected sibs, the most severely affected sister was heterozygous for the 77C-»G mutation. The PTPRC mutation may therefore be of significance in disease prognosis. The multidisciplinary study approach has led to a stepwise accumulation of scientific information, which forever changed our understanding of the disease process underlying MS.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veelvoudige sklerose (VS) is ‘n kroniese inflammatoriese siekte van die sentrale senuweestelsel. Oor die algemeen word aanvaar dat VS geassosieerd is met outoimmuniteit en dat infektiewe agente en oorerflike faktore ’n rol speel. Die hoër herhalingsrisiko van VS in families (4-5%) in vergelyking met die voorkoms in die algemene populasie (0.1%) dui op 'n genetiese basis. Alhoewel volledige analise van die mensgenoom om gene onderliggend aan VS te identifiseer aangedui het dat verskeie gene waarskynlik bydra tot vatbaarheid vir die siekte, is die aard van die gene wat betrokke is grootliks onbekend. In hierdie studie is kandidaatgene betrokke by ystermetabolisme en immunulogie vir die eerste keer geanaliseer binne die konteks van beide outoimmuun en infektiewe siekte vatbaarheid, ten einde die rol van genetiese en virale faktore in die patogenese van VS te ondersoek. Die Z-DNS herhalingsvolgorde polimorfisme in die promotor area van die SLC11A1 geen was betekenisvol geassosieerd met VS (P<0.01) in die geneties homogene Afrikaner populasie van Suid-Afrika. ’n Soortgelyke assosiasie kon egter nie aangetoon word in die Duitse en Franse populasies deur gebruik te maak van onderskeidelik ‘n gevalle-kontrole studie en transmissie-koppelings-disekwilibrium benadering nie. Betekenisvolle verskille in die genotipe verspreiding is egter tussen Duitse VS pasiente met ‘n sekonder- en primer progressiewe verloop van die siekte (P<0.05), en tussen die Duitse pasiente met terugvallende en primere progressiewe VS aangetoon (P<0.05). Hierdie bevinding verskaf verdere bewyse dat die SLC11A1 geen geassosieerd is met VS, heel waarskynlik weens die rol van die geen in yster-homeostase. Ten einde die invloed van virusse in die etiologie van VS te ondersoek is serum en witbloedselle van VS pasiente, naby-verwante familielede en nie-verwante kontroles getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van die VS-geassosieerde retrovirus (MSRV) en twee herpesvirus (HHV-6 en EBV) geenvolgordes. Die pol geen uitdrukking van MSRV was teenwoordig in die serum RNA van 69% van die Suid-Afrikaanse VS pasiente en in 70% van hul ongeaffekteerde naby-verwante familielede, terwyl dit afwesig was in 39 nieverwante kontrole individue (P<0.001). Dit dui daarop dat virusse waarskynlik die risiko vir VS meer in die populasie verhoog as in families. HHV-6 was ook teenwoordig teen ‘n beduidende laer frekwensie (P<0.04) in nie-verwante kontroles (5%) in vergeleke met VS pasiente. ‘n Puntmutasie (77C-G) in die geen wat kodeer vir die proteien tirosien fosfatase reseptor tipe C (PTPRC), wat belangrik is vir aktivering van T- en B-helperselle, is vroeer gevind om geassosieerd te wees met VS in die Duitse populasie. Analise van die Afrikaner en Duitse populasies in ons studie het egter geen bewyse gelewer dat die PTPRC geen ‘n rol speel in VS nie. Dit egter is moontlik dat hierdie mutasie bydra tot die uitdrukking van VS, aangesien die mees geaffekteerde VS pasient in een van die Suid- Afrikaanse families met twee geaffekteerde susters positief getoets het vir die mutasie. Die mutasie mag dus van belang wees in die prognose van VS. Die multidissiplinere studie-benadering en stapsgewyse insameling van wetenskaplike inligting het gelei tot ’n nuwe perspektief ten opsigte van die siekteproses onderliggend aan VS.
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Ganyaza, Thulisile Zioner. "Multi-disciplinary teamwork in an admission unit of a psychiatric institution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51837.
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Nutt, Katherine Marie. "Clinical psychologists' narratives of relatedness within a multi-disciplinary team context." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17186.
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The focus of this study was to explore how Clinical Psychologists narrate their experience of relatedness within a multi-disciplinary team. Mental health services in the UK are facing increased financial pressure and a necessity for all professionals to justify their role. In this context value often appears to be placed on the cheapest way of providing individual, independent care for clients rather than on the relational value of job satisfaction, joint working and therapeutic relationships. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of Clinical Psychologists and through this contribute to thinking around collaborative and interdisciplinary working. This study was guided by eight individual semi-structured interviews which were conducted with Clinical Psychologists who work in Multi-Disciplinary working age adult Community Mental Health Teams and explored using Narrative Analysis. The participants consisted of seven females and one male who had been qualified between three and fifteen years and were working at various pay bands between 7 and 8c. Four relational narratives were found. These were connections to the self of the psychologist, connections to clients, connections with colleagues and connections with the system. The first relational aspect was how the Clinical Psychologists in this study storied their ability to remain connected to their own humanity and their personal values within the context of their Multi-Disciplinary Teams. The second level involved the stories about relationships and connections with clients, particularly thinking about the perceived impact and consequences of the other relational levels for the clients and their safety. The third relational aspect was the stories that Clinical Psychologists told about their sense of relatedness to their colleagues within their teams and the importance of having time available for this. Finally, the fourth level, which was evident within all the other relationships, was of the impact of the wider system and context. These stories emerged from the analysis process with the understanding that the interviews were co-constructed and represented multiple voices. This study confirmed that despite a history of both research and legislation highlighting the benefits and values of inter-professional working and compassion the reality remains elusive. To achieve these aims there needs to be a shift in focus from short-term planning evaluating efficiency in relation only to perceived financial value, to thinking more widely and long-term about relational value. There is a need for investment and recognition of the aspects of team working that are less easy to quantify financially. Further research could explore the experience of other professional groups within CMHTs, and other MDTs, and of clients. This would give a voice to individuals who did not have an explicit voice in this research.
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Loupy, Gaëtan J. M. "High fidelity, multi-disciplinary analysis of flow in realistic weapon bays." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9091/.
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To improve the stealthiness, and the efficiency of military aircraft, engineers moved carried weapons from external hand points, to weapons bays. However, the flow inside bays is turbulent, and characterised by strong broadband, and tonal noise. The open bay flow leads to variability in the released store trajectory, excites the missile, and bay structures, and reduces the aircraft stealthiness. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of real weapon bay flow, and suggests a method for quantifying the store trajectory variability. The main spatio-temporal characteristics of cavity flows are described using post-processing methods, like, SPL, OASPL, and wavelet transform. Also, the code HMB3 is validated for simulation of cavity flows, comparing Scale Adaptive (SAS) results with experiments. To further improve the understanding of the physics driving this flow, a simple model is presented, and compared to experiments. The results are promising, and the model is able to reproduce the cavity flow fluctuations both in space and time. To support measurements of the noise field around a cavity flow, beamforming is applied to the CFD results. This method was able of capturing the main sources of noise around the cavity, using a microphone array, and the mean flow to simulate the propagation of acoustic waves. Also, recommendations for future use of this technique are given. Developments were carried out for this thesis, and for the first time, a CFD code is reported to simulate the complete weapon bay operation, including door operation, store release, and store aeroelasticity. The different parts of the code are strongly coupled, and work together. Thanks to new capabilities of HMB3, this thesis shows more insight on the physics behind realistic weapon bay operation. The flow establishment during door opening is described, and appears to be important for store design, only if the doors are moving very fast. Store releases are simulated, and statistical analysis of the data is performed. A statistical metric was proposed to identify the minimum number of simulations necessary for capturing the mean and standard deviation of the trajectories. Using averaged, and filtered flow data, the trajectory phases were identified and the role of the pressure field inside the cavity was clarified. In addition, the aeroelasticity of the store was computed during carriage, door opening, and release phases, showing small deformations that may lead to structural fatigue. Thanks to the efficiency of the SAS method, a large number of simulations were performed, and more than 1800 cavity travel times were simulated. Simulation of the flow around a store in a supersonic flow, and at high attitude is described in an appendix of the thesis. Like a cavity, this flow has complex features that require advanced turbulence modelling to be simulated. In addition, novel cavity flow controls are investigated, and described in a restricted appendix of the thesis.
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Wald, Matthew Oliver. "Improving and Predicting the Effectiveness of Dispersed, Multi-Disciplinary Design Teams." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6674.
Full textAbstract:
The use of dispersed (virtual) teams is growing rapidly in the engineering profession. To help prepare students for work in this type of industry, university engineering courses are requiring students to work in teams. Industry leaders and university faculty are interested in improving and measuring the performance of these distributed teams. Surveys, interviews, and observations from the AerosPACE Partners for the Advancement of Collaborative Engineering (AerosPACE) capstone design course are examined to demonstrate how different collaboration tools can be used to best enhance a distributed design team's effectiveness. Collaboration tools to which distributed design teams should give extra consideration at different stages of the product development process are identified and presented in a model. Teams that follow this model will be more effective in their communication patterns. This study also consists of examining whether peer ratings can accurately predict team effectiveness (as defined by task and relational effectiveness) within a dispersed multidisciplinary, design team. The hypotheses predict that peer ratings will not be unidimensional over time, and will have a positive, significant relationship with team effectiveness. A longitudinal study was conducted on data gathered form the same capstone design course. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first used to test unidimensionality of peer ratings and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to model the data and determine any predictive relationships. Model fit statistics are reported to confirm adequate fit for each model. Results showed that while peer ratings are unidimensional at individual time points, they don't behave equally over time and should be considered separately. The structural equation models yielded mixed results, with some parts of peer ratings significantly predicting relational effectiveness and with yet failing to predict task effectiveness. As such, by examining peer assessments, supervisors and faculty will be able to determine and predict relational effectiveness of teams working at different locations, but should use other methods to predict task effectiveness.
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Magalhães, Paulo Eduardo Cypriano da Silva. "Multi-objective multi-disciplinary optimization applied to the conceptual design of airliners for minimal environmental impact." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2014. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2958.
Full textAbstract:
Airplane design consists of putting together several thousand parts to ultimately fulfill a set of requirements defined principally by airlines, manufacturers, and certification authorities. From the traditional perspective of an airline, an interesting airplane is one that is capable of generating the highest revenue with minimum operating cost - a maximum profit airplane. However, the airline industry is constantly broadening its consideration of what constitutes a nice-to-buy airplane. In recent times, not only economics, but also environmental considerations, are taking part in fleet-planning considerations. Following this trend induced by environmentally-aware passengers, and noise and pollution-related charges, airplane conceptual design methodologies are being expanded to incorporate methodologies for preliminary assessment of airplane noise and emissions. During the development of this dissertation, a group of airplane design methodologies was compiled and integrated into a design framework. This design framework was then expanded to incorporate noise and emissions estimation routines. This expanded group is then made into design functions and put through an automated design optimization process. In order to test both the design methodologies and the optimization techniques, two test cases are run: a long range, transcontinental jet and a mid-size regional jet. These test designs are initially single-objectively optimized for direct operating costs, noise and emissions. Then, the airplanes are optimized for pairs of these design objectives. Finally, they are optimized for the three objectives simultaneously. Results and suggestions for future works are presented.
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Parker, Martin John. "Portfolio of multi-disciplinary compositions including scores, software, CDs, DVD and documentation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.660358.
Full textAbstract:
Spectral Tourism – The Gift of Flight: Large project for live performer and joystick operated computer using spectral analysis and re-synthesis techniques and interaction via joystick. Consists of: Software, documentation and CD – THE GIFT OF FLIGHT c. 40.Minutes. Hell’s Angles (sic.): Generative music for 8-channel computer. Consists of: 2-channel documentary recording, stand-alone application and documentations c.10.Minutes. Environment for Stone Violin: Consists of: Software, documentation and recording c.15 minutes. Haze: Reactive music for computer with clarinet, trombone and cello. Consists of: Software, documentation, score and recording c.5 minutes. The View: DVD Video, documentation c.12 minutes. Shonky music: Music for Tracker Action Organs. Consists of: Score, recording of two different organs c.7 minutes each. Sounds of Line: Music for prepared horn quartet. Consists of: Two movement score, recording and annotation c.9 minutes. In formation II: Music for Recorders and CD. Consists of: Three movement score, recording and annotation c.10 minutes. Antiorp: Music for ensemble. Consists of: Score, recording and annotation c.13 minutes. Appendix: Miscellaneous improvisations produced with improvising software.
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Bell, Lorna. "The triumphs and tensions of teamwork : an analysis of multi-disciplinary meetings." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1871.
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This thesis presents findings from a study of fifteen multi-disciplinary child protection teams in New Jersey, USA. The agencies represented in the teams were the prosecutor's office, the Division of Youth and Family Services, law enforcement, hospitals and mental health organisations. The professionals who were members of the teams included caseworkers and supervisors from the Division of Youth and Family Services, assistant prosecutors, law enforcement officers and captains, mental health staff, social workers, psychologists, physicians, nurses, assistant district attornies and victim witness staff. The data was collected through questionnaires, direct observation and in-depth interviews. The thesis explores the teams' structures, processes and interactions from two perspectives, that of the observer and that of the team members. The general findings of the study are that the prosecutor's office dominates multidisciplinary teams in the fifteen counties of New Jersey that have them, although this domination is more marked in some teams than in others. The findings reveal differences among the teams on two dimensions: 'multidisciplinary sharing' and 'team members' perceptions of the teams'. When positive and negative values are attached to each of the two dimensions a matrix of four typologies is constructed, as follows: Depressed Team: negative multi-disciplinary sharing/negativep erceptions of the team. Realistic Team: positive multi-disciplinary sharing/positivep erceptions of the team. Repressed Team: negative multi-disciplinary sharing/positive perceptions of the team. Pessimistic Team: positive multi-disciplinary sharing/negativep erceptions of the team. Each of these team types is characterised by a complex combination of attributes which are not easily disentangled and isolated. Explanations for the findings are formulated as are suggestions for promoting multidisciplinary co-operation.
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Mancini, Onorio Claudio. "A multi-disciplinary study of the early stages of beta amyloid aggregation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29335.
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Amyloid fibrils have been linked to many diseases, with different proteins being associated with different health issues. The aggregation of Beta Amyloid (Aß) peptides can lead to Alzheimer’s disease. These peptides are found in the body naturally, although Aß function is still not clear. The aggregation process is still a matter of research, however it is widely accepted that a lag period is followed by rapid aggregate growth and then a saturation phase where growth halts. Understanding how and why this happens is imperative for disease prevention. It has been found that toxicity occurs during the formation of oligomer. Collaborative work involving simulation and experimental methods has become commonplace, improving the understanding of this process. Consequently, the work presented here is a multidisciplinary study of the early stages of amyloid aggregation in Aß1-40 and Aß1-42. These are the two most common species and are 40 and 42 amino acid groups long respectively. They have been studied through the use of Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which have been complemented by probing Aß1-40 with the experimental methods: fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy and dynamic light scattering. Experimentation proved challenging, due to the noise encountered in Aß samples and alternative solvent compositions were studied in an attempt to overcome this. These experiments had limited success but when combined with simulation models, revealed potential insight into the aggregation through the movements of the tyrosine (Tyr) side-chain, an amino acid group found in the Aß proteins. MD simulations and MC simulations were used in order to probe the underlying mechanisms surrounding Tyr movements and their environments during the aggregation process and how it affects fluorescence anisotropy. The MD simulations also revealed conformational changes in the protein due to the presence of ions and discovered two new Tyr orientations which occur in protofibrils.
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Moore, Sonya J. "Water immersion in athlete recovery : a multi-disciplinary approach to informing practice." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557815.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: To explore and inform current water immersion recovery practice of high performance athletes; and to compare recovery interventions of 5 minutes cold water immersion, warm water immersion and passive rest, in trained subjects, following intense exercise replicating the demands of game-sports. Methods: Study 1: In a repeated measures design, a measurement approach for use in the evaluation of water immersion efficacy was piloted. The within-day and between-day reliability of surface electromyelography (sEMG), particularly functional wavelet analysis, was evaluated in human lower limb muscles. Functional wavelet analysis provides the opportunity to measure neuromuscular function at the greatest level of detail by differentiating the relative intensity of low and high frequency motor unit recruitment. On 2 consecutive days (Trial 1 & Trial 2), 12 participants performed 3x5 second isometric 80% maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) on a Biodex® dynamometer in each of 150 ankle plantarflexion, 200 knee extension and 200 knee flexion. sEMG was obtained from the medial gastrocnemius (MG), vastis medialis (VM), vastis lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Joint position and force production were controlled. Electrodes remained in situ during each trial. Electrodes were removed upon completion of Trial 1 and replaced in the same position the next day for Trial 2. Simultaneous sEMG metrics for intervals of consistent force production were compared between contractions in Trial 1 and Trial 2 (between-day) and contractions within Trial 2 (within-day). Study 2: 11 trained participants completed the 90 minute Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Five minutes of COLD water immersion (8.8 ± 0.30C), WARM water immersion (35.1 ± 1.80C) and REST were compared in a repeated measures randomised cross over design. Recovery was evaluated at 2, 4 and 24 hours post exercise using circulating markers of muscle damage, muscle dynamometry, drop jump and repeated single leg hop performance tests and perceived recovery. Study 3: Current water immersion practice of high performance athletes, practice implications stemming from this study’s findings, and the rationale were explored. In a purposive, theoretical sampling approach of expert consultation, 8 professionals advising internationally competing athletes on water immersion recovery practice were provided with a research brief of this project in advance of a scribed, semi-structured interview. Participants were of Sports Coach, Strength & Conditioning Coach and Sports Physiotherapist professions with a minimum of 5 years’ experience working with internationally competing athletes; and differed in international location and sporting disciplines.
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Shakeri, Cirrus. "Discovery of Design Methodologies for the Integration of Multi-disciplinary Design Problems." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/395.
Full textAbstract:
"In order to succeed in today’s global, competitive market, manufacturing industries need continuous improvements in their multi-disciplinary design processes. These improvements should result in expending fewer resources on the design process while achieving better quality and more environmentally friendly products. The current approach for improving design processes is mostly based on intuitive observations followed by incremental changes to the existing methodologies. However, today’s fast-paced world needs rapid incorporation of new technologies and methods into design methodologies. Recent advances in the application of Artificial Intelligence to design Multi-agent Design Systems in particular-provide an opportunity to accomplish this goal. The inter-disciplinary collaboration between Computer Science and Engineering Design provides the means to develop systematic and holistic approaches for constructing superior design methodologies. An innovative approach has been developed that is based on simulating the design process using a multi-agent system that mimics the behavior of the design team. The multi-agent system implements a knowledge-based model of design in which highly specialized knowledge from expert sources is applied to synthesize a design. The multi-agent system activates the pieces of design knowledge when they become applicable. The use of knowledge by agents is recorded by tracing the steps that the agents have taken during a design project. Many traces are generated by solving a large number of design projects that differ in their requirements. A set of design methodologies is constructed by using inductive learning techniques to generalize the traces generated. These methodologies then can be used to guide design teams through future design projects."
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Lawson, Stephen James. "High performance computing for high-fidelity multi-disciplinary analysis of weapon bays." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533992.
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Jalil, Rozh. "Assessing and improving the efficacy of cancer multi-disciplinary teams in urology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25011.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer care driven by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting is mandatory in UK and has become the platform to discuss cancer cases in many countries worldwide. My aim in this research is to assess the functionality and efficacy of the MDT meeting in making and implementing decisions. Specifically, I aim to develop tools to evaluate how MDTs make clinical decisions and recommendations, understand the role of leadership within these teams and measure why MDT decisions may not get implemented in patient care. The introduction chapter presents an exploration of the evidence base available in the literature on the functionality of cancer MDTs with a focus on how to assess the efficacy of MDTs. In this chapter, I used an 'input-process-outcome' framework as a systems approach to the MDT and its working. Chapter 2 is a systematic review of the existing evidence on MDT decision making and decision implementation across surgical specialties. Chapter 3 focuses on urological cancers and retrospectively evaluates MDT decision making from the perspective of implementation of team decisions into patient care. Chapters 4 and 5 present the views of core MDT members on the efficacy of the MDT in addition to problems and shortcomings faced by the MDT and also suggestions for improvement. Chapter 6 presents analysis of a survey on how to improve the efficiency of MDT. Chapters 7 and 8 present data from studies that objectively assess MDT performance by developing and validating observational assessment tools. Finally, the discussion chapter reflects on the findings of this research and discusses their implications for future research and practice.
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Crutchfield, Nicole Boudreaux. "Multi-Disciplinary Review and Comparison of Project Management for Social Engagement Practices." Master's thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25989.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the practices of natural resources management, community development, and public arts by comparing the integration of social engagement as part of project management. All three of these practices originate from goals of social change and continue to advance in their disciplinary fields. Community-Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) is framed in the natural resources management discipline. Community Development (CD) practice is framed in public participation and city planning disciplines. Creative Placemaking (CP) practice is framed in the public art discipline. These disciplines point to the intent to transform existing culture with the goal of becoming more democratic, socially just, transparent, and inclusive. Through the analysis of project management traits, key components are identified for successful project implementation with the goal of resulting in healthy and vibrant communities.
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Unger, Eric Robert. "Computational aspects of the integrated multi-disciplinary design of a transport wing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42125.
Full textAbstract:
Past research at this university has proven the feasibility of the multi-disciplinary design of a complex system involving the complete interaction of aerodynamics and structural mechanics. Critical to this design process, is the ability to accurately and efficiently calculate the sensitivities of the involved quantities (such as drag and dynamic pressure) with respect to the design variables. These calculations had been addressed in past research, but it was felt that insufficient accuracy had been obtained. The focus of this research was to improve the accuracy of these sensitivity calculations with a thorough investigation of the computational aspects of the problem. These studies led to a more complete understanding of the source of the errors that plagued previous results and provided substantially improved sensitivity calculations.
Additional research led to an improvement in the aerodynamic-structural interface which aided in the accuracy of the sensitivity computations. Furthermore, this new interface removed discontinuities in the calculation of the drag which the previous model tended to yield. These improvements were made possible with the application of shape functions in surface deflection analysis, instead of the previous ‘zonal’ approach. Other factors which led to accuracy improvements were changes to the aerodynamic model and the paneling scheme.
Final studies with the optimization process demonstrated the ability of the improved sensitivities to accurately approximate the design problem and provided useful results. Additional studies on the optimization process itself provided information on move limit restrictions and various constraint problems.Master of Science
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Djafri, Demil Y. "Multi-disciplinary design of wings for transport aircraft operating at high subsonic speed." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3449.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis a methodology for designing wings for
transport aircraft operating at high subsonic speed is
investigated. Several methods are studied, including more
accurate methods such as the computational methods. These
are used as an addition to the semi-empirical methods.
Several attempts have been made to build a computerised
aircraft design in the past. Mos
*t
of the conceptual
aircraft design programs that are available are based on
the semi-empirical method only. As faster computers become
available, a method for designing a high subsonic aircraft
wing is studied by including computational aerodynamic and
computational structural analysis in the integration
process. SPARV is used as the computational aerodynamic
program and NASTRAN is used as the computational structural
analysis program.
The objectives of this thesis are to study a method of
performing, the conceptual design of win_qs for transport
aircraft operatin_q at high subsonic speed and to
demonstrate that aerodynamics analysis using, Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and structures analysis using the
Finite Element Method (FEM), can be coupled with the
aircraft synthesis program in a seamless distributed
computing environment. The achievement of these objectives
is demonstrated by, applying the methodology to specific
wing design.
This method has been validated and tested for transport
aircraft operating at high subsonic speed, but application
on military transports may also be valid. An example case
study is presented in this thesis.
Improvement of the method for future development is also
considered in the thesis. These include the use of a more
powerful computational aerodynamics package.