Academic literature on the topic 'Multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer"
1
Gomer, Andreas, Wei Zou, Niels Grigat, Johannes Sackmann, and Werner Schomburg. "Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Ultrasonic Welding." Journal of Composites Science 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs2030056.
Full textAbstract:
Ultrasonic fabrication of fiber reinforced plastics made from thermoplastic polymer films and carbon or glass fibers enables cycle times of a few seconds and requires investment costs of only some 10,000 €. Besides this, the raw materials can be stored at room temperature. A fiber content of 33 vol % and a tensile strength of approximately 1.2 GPa have been achieved by ultrasonic welding of nine layers of foils from polyamide, each 100 µm in thickness, and eight layers of carbon fibers, each 100 µm in thickness, in between. Besides unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) samples, multi-directional CFRP plates, 116 mm, 64 mm and 1.2 mm in length, width and thickness respectively, were fabricated by processing three layers of carbon fiber canvas, each 300 µm in thickness, and eight layers of polyamide foils, each 100 µm in thickness. Furthermore, both the discontinuous and the continuous ultrasonic fabrication processes are described and the results are presented in this paper. Large-scale production still needs to be demonstrated.
2
Ofoegbu, Stanley, Mário Ferreira, and Mikhail Zheludkevich. "Galvanically Stimulated Degradation of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040651.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon is used as a reinforcing phase in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites employed in aeronautical and other technological applications. Under polarization in aqueous media, which can occur on galvanic coupling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with metals in multi-material structures, degradation of the composite occurs. These degradative processes are intimately linked with the electrically conductive nature and surface chemistry of carbon. This review highlights the potential corrosion challenges in multi-material combinations containing carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, the surface chemistry of carbon, its plausible effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon, and consequently the degradation processes on carbon-fiber reinforced polymers. The implications of the emerging use of conductive nano-fillers (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) in the modification of CFRPs on galvanically stimulated degradation of CFRP is accentuated. The problem of galvanic coupling of CFRP with selected metals is set into perspective, and insights on potential methods for mitigation and monitoring the degradative processes in these composites are highlighted.
3
Sena-Cruz, José, Joaquim Barros, and Mário Coelho. "Bond between Concrete and Multi-Directional CFRP Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.917.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, laminates of multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymers (MDL-CFRP) have been developed for Civil Engineering applications. A MDL-CFRP laminate has fibers in distinct directions that can be arranged in order to optimize stiffness and/or strength requisites. These laminates can be conceived in order to be fixed to structural elements with anchors, resulting high effective strengthening systems. To evaluate the strengthening potentialities of this type of laminates, pullout tests were carried out. The influence of the number of anchors, their geometric location and the applied pre-stress are analyzed. The present work describes the carried-out tests and presents and analyzes the most significant obtained results.
4
Shahbaz, Shah R., and Ömer B. Berkalp. "Effect of MWCNTs addition, on the mechanical behaviour of FRP composites, by reinforcement grafting and matrix modification." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718825317.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary potential for the modification of reinforcements and matrices in fiber-reinforced polymer composites for enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, 12 fiber-reinforced polymer composites were produced with and without the addition of functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes using different stacking sequences of E-glass and carbon fabric reinforcements in simple and hybrid configurations. Carbon nanotubes were incorporated into the fiber-reinforced polymer components prior to composite fabrication by: (i) grafting on reinforcements, and (ii) matrix modification by carbon nanotubes. The grafting of carbon nanotubes exhibited a pronounced tensile behaviour with carbon-rich fiber-reinforced polymers, whereas carbon nanotube-modified matrix showed more enhanced flexural behaviour overall. Around 12% increase in tensile strength was observed when the carbon nanotubes were grafted on to the reinforcements compared to respective pristine composites, while around 70% increase in the flexural strength was noticed as compared to the respective pristine composties when carbon nanotube-modified matrix was used.
5
Sun, Jinru, Xueling Yao, Wenjun Xu, Jingliang Chen, and Yi Wu. "Evaluation method for lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymers subjected to multiple lightning strikes with different combinations of current components." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319860562.
Full textAbstract:
The aircraft lightning environment consists of four lightning current components with different parameters, which are known as lightning components A, B, C and D. The lightning damage of aeronautic carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates subjected to multiple continuous sequential lightning current components with different timing combinations was experimentally evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates suffered serious lightning damage, including carbon fiber fracture, resin pyrolysis and delamination. Through an analysis of the lightning damage properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the influential factors and evaluation methods of the lightning damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates were studied. Because the lightning damage evaluation method under a single lightning impulse was found to be inapplicable for the multiple continuous lightning strikes, a multi-factor evaluation method was proposed. In the multiple continuous lightning strike test, the damage depth was found to be closely related to lightning components A, B and D and could be estimated based on the amplitudes and rise rates of the applied lightning components. Increases in the damaged area after a lightning strike were driven by lightning component C due to its substantial thermal effects. The damaged area was evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the electrical action integral and the transfer charge. The research on the evaluation methods for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate lightning damage presented herein may provide experimental support and a theoretical basis for studying the lightning effect mechanism and optimizing material formulations, manufacturing processes and structural designs to achieve performance improvements for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates in the future.
6
Ning, Haifeng, Hualin Zheng, and Xinman Yuan. "Establishment of instantaneous milling force prediction model for multi-directional CFRP laminate." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 6 (June 2021): 168781402110277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211027706.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in the aerospace field due to its light weight and high strength. The CFRP milling process is prone to damage such as burrs and tears. The cutting force is closely related to the damage of CFRP and tool wear. In this paper, a back propagation (BP) neural network model of cutting force and edge force coefficients was established. The model considers the effects of instantaneous uncut chip thickness, fiber cutting angle, spindle speed, and axial depth of cut. The unidirectional CFRP laminate instantaneous milling model considering the cutting edge force was further established. The instantaneous milling force prediction model was extended to multi-directional CFRP laminates. And the relationship between the damage mechanism of CFRP and the instantaneous milling force was analyzed. Experiments have proved that the instantaneous milling force prediction model built in this paper has high accuracy.
7
ALLEN, D. ALBERT, G. RAMANAN, R. R. NEELA RAJAN, and A. K. DARWINS. "Experimental Study on Change in Mechanical Characteristics of E-Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite by Adding Carbon Nanotube Layers." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 6 (April 29, 2019): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21874.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer composite reinforced with fiber materials have always proven its superior significant enactment over numerous traditional materials, considering their incomparable strength to weight ratio and stiffness. Carbon nanotubes usage in glass-fiber reinforced polymer has high potential in changing the characteristics of composite laminates. Carbon nanotubes have engrossed composite fraternity in exploring the opportunity of utilizing them as a supplementary reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymer composites. This study examines the mechanical characters of glass-fiber reinforced polymer with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Composite laminated layers are fabricated using epoxy resin without carbon nanotube and with 0.5 and 1.5 % MWCNT. The materials were tested to determine tensile, flexural and compression properties. It is observed that the carbon nanotubes can enhance the mechanical properties in the composite laminates. Composite laminate with 1.5 wt % MWCNT exhibited good mechanical properties compared to that with 0.5 wt % MWCNT and without MWCNT.
8
Rajmohan, T., K. Mohan, and K. Palanikumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Filled Hybrid Banana-Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.193.
Full textAbstract:
Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite (NFRC) are used by replacing Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Composites (SFRC) because of its poor reusability, recycling, bio degradability. Even though NFRC are lack in thermal stability, strength degradation, water absorption and poor impact properties. The hybridization and nanoparticles mixed in different polymers are used to improve mechanical and wear properties of the polymer composites. In the present investigation Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in Epoxy resin using ultrasonic bath sonicator are used as matrix face for hybrid banana-Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics composite materials which is manufactured by compression molding processes. As per ASTM standards tensile, compression tests are carried out by using Universal Testing Machine. Microstructure of samples are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). SEM shows the homogeneous distribution of the fiber in the modified polymer matrix. The results indicated that the increase in weight % of MWCNT improves the mechanical properties of MWCNT filled hybrid natural fiber composites.
9
Sanei, Seyed Hamid Reza, and Diana Popescu. "3D-Printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Systematic Review." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030098.
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Fiber reinforced composites offer exceptional directional mechanical properties, and combining their advantages with the capability of 3D printing has resulted in many innovative research fronts. This review aims to summarize the methods and findings of research conducted on 3D-printed carbon fiber reinforced composites. The review is focused on commercially available printers and filaments, as their results are reproducible and the findings can be applied to functional parts. As the process parameters can be readily changed in preparation of a 3D-printed part, it has been the focus of many studies. In addition to typical composite driving factors such as fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction and stacking sequence, printing parameters such as infill density, infill pattern, nozzle speed, layer thickness, built orientation, nozzle and bed temperatures have shown to influence mechanical properties. Due to the unique advantages of 3D printing, in addition to conventional unidirectional fiber orientation, concentric fiber rings have been used to optimize the mechanical performance of a part. This review surveys the literature in 3D printing of chopped and continuous carbon fiber composites to provide a reference for the state-of-the-art efforts, existing limitations and new research frontiers.
10
Rashid, Iqra Abdul, Ayesha Afzal, Muhammad Fayzan Shakir, and Asra Tariq. "Multi-Functional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites for Fire Retardant Applications." Key Engineering Materials 875 (February 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.23.
Full textAbstract:
Development of multifunctional flame retardant (FR) polymer composite was done. Flame retardant polymer composite was prepared by modifying diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy. Modification involved two types of FR. Reactive type FR used was phosphoric acid and additive type FR used was magnesium hydroxide. Composite was fabricated using resin infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT) process. Different FR epoxy samples were evaluated by compression test, UL 94. The carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite with attributes of flame retardancy were characterized using in-plane shear test, to estimate the structural properties, and UL-94 test, to estimate the fire performance. FR composite exhibited UL-94 rating of V-1 and a shear modulus of 9.7 GPa, which proved it to multifunctional.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer"
1
Chennakesavelu, Ganesh. "Orthogonal machining of uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3473.
Full textAbstract:
This research basically deals with Orthogonal Machining of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites as secondary operations like machining is a very
important process in composites manufacturing. Even though composites are manufactured to
near net shape, machining operations becomes obvious to attain dimensional accuracy and
surface finish for further assembly operations. The machining of FRP’s is different and more
complicated to that of metals because of their anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature, along with
the chip formation mode for its brittle behavior. Fibers are very abrasive in nature and cause
extreme tool wear making it difficult for cutting and when combined with matrix which is
comparatively weak produce fluctuating force on the tool to augment for the tool wear. It will be
very helpful to study their behavior for optimizing the machining condition and to minimize the
above mentioned drawbacks.
This work will be basically dealing on the experimental study and numerical prediction
of machining quality during orthogonal machining on various fiber orientation and cutting
conditions. Orthogonal machining was performed using 3-axis miniMILL for experimental work
and commercially available simulation software ABAQUS 6.9-2 for numerical study. The
numerical findings are presented to supplement experimental work for predicting delamination
which is very important for its service life along with some interesting observation which is
discussed in this report.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
2
Gudimani, Gurusiddeshwar. "Oblique machining of uni directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3956.
Full textAbstract:
Composite materials have a wide range of applications in aerospace and automotive industries due to the advantage of their tailorability when manufacturing. These materials are manufactured near net shape but post-production machining is required where it cannot be avoided like holes, cutouts and doors to achieve dimensional accuracies and for further assemblies. Oblique machining is one of the important processes as to achieve the above. The machining of composites is different from that of metals due to the anisotropic and inhomogeneity of the material. Because of this nature the machining process becomes complicated. The fiber being abrasive in nature and matrix being soft and weak produce fluctuating forces and make difficult for the cutting process causing tool wear. This research hence concentrates on the oblique machining of Uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (UD-CFRP). The oblique cutting of these UD-CFRP‟s are carried out at different rake angles and at different fiber orientations i.e. from 0 to 180 to predict the different forces. These results are compared with the numerical results where a finite element model is modeled for these different conditions and are compared with the experimental results. The oblique machining is a 3-dimensional process unlike the orthogonal machining which is a 2-dimensional process. The finite element model is modeled as a single-phase system by considering the material to be equivalent homogeneous material for analysis purpose, which simplifies for force prediction. The results from the experiments and the finite element analysis can be used for further analysis where multiple layers of composite laminates are used with different fiber orientations. The results can also be used to predict the forces for drilling process by considering the drilling process to be combination of the oblique cutting at each point.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
3
Alotaibi, Nawaf Khaled. "Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with bi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips and CFRP anchors." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26119.
Full textAbstract:
The use of externally bounded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) for strengthening existing RC structures has shown promising results. Although CFRP materials have high tensile strength, the ability to utilize that strength is limited by debonding of the CFRP laminates from the concrete surface. In order to prevent or delay debonding, CFRP anchors were used to provide an alternative means of transferring forces from CFRP strips to the concrete.
Previous tests on prestressed I-girders strengthened with uni-directional and bi-directional CFRP strips showed that bi-directional CFRP application resulted in significant shear strength gain in comparison to a uni-directional application. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear with bi-directional CFRP strips and CFRP anchors so that the findings from the previous work can be understood and implemented.
Four 24 in. deep T-beams were fabricated at the Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin. Eight tests were conducted on these specimens to examine the effect of the bi-directional layout of CFRP on the shear strength. Specimens with 14-in. web width were selected as a part of the experimental program to allow for direct comparison with test results from the previous project. Additional beams with a web width of 8 in. were included to evaluate thinner webs similar to those in the I-girders.
Test results indicate a significant increase in shear strength due to the bi-directional application of CFRP strips with CFRP anchors installed on beams with a shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) of 3. Substantial shear strength gain up to 62% was achieved in beams with 14-in. webs. and up to 43% for beams with 8-in. webs. However, negligible shear strength gain was observed in beams with a/d of 1.5 (deep beams). Experimental test results demonstrate an interaction between the contribution of concrete, transverse steel and CFRP to the shear resistance of a reinforced concrete beam.
The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the shear behavior of reinforced concrete members strengthened with externally bonded CFRP applied bi-directionally. Experimental results from this research project provide data needed in the field of CFRP shear strengthening since limited data are available on large-scale tests.text
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Sagar, K. "Drilling Damage in Laminated Polymer Matrix Composites Considering Thermal Efefcts: Experimental and Numerical Analysis." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5944.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work, drilling induced damage in multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (MD-CFRP) laminates has been investigated by experimental and numerical approaches.
Exit-ply delamination during drilling is known to be the most detrimental form of drillinginduced damage in FRPs that results in significant loss of structural integrity of the component.
Initially, a finite element (FE) model using surface based cohesive zone model (CZM) has been
adopted to simulate the push-out delamination considering thermal effects. Comparison with
experimental push-out data yielded a good match.
To investigate the temperatures generated during drilling comprehensively, a novel inverted
drilling setup has been developed that allows in-situ cutting temperature measurement using
fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded in the stationary drill bit mounted on a dynamometer. Such a setup yields in-situ temperatures generated during drilling that are synced
with the cutting forces/torques. Thus, a rich machining data has been obtained that provides
insight into the relationship between cutting temperatures, tool wear and machining parameters
used for drilling MD-CFRP laminates. Additionally, drilled MD-CFRP samples and drill bits
have been characterized to evaluate machining-induced damage in the composite laminates and
tool wear in the drill bits.
Finally, a coupled thermo-mechanical transient FE framework has been developed to simulate drilling of MD-CFRP laminates. The laminate has been modelled ply-by-ply as an equivalent homogeneous material using temperature dependent properties. A modified Hashin stressbased criterion has been implemented via a user material model for element deletion that delineates the specific damage modes occurring during drilling. This novel proposed damage model
allows for inclusion of out of plane damage behaviour along tool feed direction. Additionally, a
surface based CZM approach has been included to simulate delamination onset during drilling.
The highlight of the proposed numerical approach is the inclusion of frictional heat generation and appropriate thermo-mechanical damage model to capture damage processes specific
to drilling of MD-CFRP. The numerical model predictions show a good agreement with CFRP
drilling experiments for thrust force, delamination damage and in-situ cutting temperatures.
5
Chen, Xi-Ren, and 陳璽人. "Study on Mechanical Properties and Environmental Effects of Carbon Aerogel and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89636444530909000484.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
100
Carbon aerogels have promising potential in increasing the mechanical and physical properties of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates as a result of the possession of a unique property of porous structure at nanoscale and high specific surface. This study used a fixed amount of CNT (1 wt%) mixed with a different proportion of carbon aerogel by using homogenizer and ultrasonication in process to improve the dispersion of carbon materials. The early stage of the study is aimed at investigating the possibility of adding two types of carbon materials in epoxy matrix. The experimental results indicate that the tensile properties, impact strength and flexural strength of epoxy matrix are proportional to the adding proportions. The later stage of the study is aimed at examining the changing conditions of carbon materials under a variety of environment effects. The experimental results specify that the overall mechanical properties are better when adding 0.1 wt% and 0.2wt% carbon aerogels, when increasing the amount will cause agglomeration. Furthermore, the overall mechanical properties of carbon aerogels are outstanding when in mountain regions. Morphologies of the fracture surface of the specimen are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine and discuss its interface condition and fracture mechanism.
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Yang, Yu-Hsuan, and 楊又璇. "Study on Mechanical Properties and Torsion Fatigue Behavior of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminate Prepreg Composites." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87434218189027934031.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
99
Wind power is an inevitable green power in the world and Taiwan in this century, especially at Hsinchu where is called as “Wind City”. The conventional horizontal-axis wind turbine has some disadvantages such as noise, requirement of stable wind field, vast location, etc. The investigation of material properties for blade of the low-power, small space and random-wind-directional power generating vertical-axis wind turbine is a major job in this study. Furthermore, the light-weight and high-strength composite adopted to fabricate wind turbine instead of lated metal materials is also researched in this study. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess special physical characteristics such as strength, stiffness, light weight, electrical conductivity, highly thermal conductivity and thermal stability, etc. Meanwhile, there is a lot of potential applications such as the aviation, aerospace, electromagnetic interference (EMI) material and electrostatic discharge (ESD), etc. In this research, study of composites composed of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement and epoxy resin as matrix of laminate for fabricating wind turbine was focused on influence on the static mechanical properties and dynamic torsion fatigue behavior on blade for vertical-axis wind turbine. Additionally, the effect of adding different proportions of MWCNTs of MWCNTs-containing composites on static mechanical properties and dynamic torsion fatigue life was also investigated. And observe the resistant ability of laminates composite treated to various temperatures, humidities and thermal cycles. Finally, morphologies for the fracture surface of laminates composite are observed by thermal emission schottky field scanning electrical microscopy (TFSEM). In this study, MWCNTs were spread evenly among epoxy resin by using high-efficiency ultrasonication, and MWCNTs were infused into EPO-622 epoxy resin adopting sonic cavitation and high-speed mechanical stirring. Finally, the residual air bubbles were removed using vacuum technique. Flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), torsion strength and torsion fatigue tests were performed on MWCNTs-filled (0.5wt%, 1.0wt% and 1.5wt% by epoxy resin weight) epoxy resin composites and MWCNTs-unfilled composites to identify the effect of adding MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of carbon fabric-epoxy resin composite. Woven carbon fiber and epoxy resin were adopted to fabricate composite using hot press molding. The highest improvement in static mechanical properties and dynamic torsion fatigue life was obtained when amount of MWCNTs of MWCNTs-containing composite reached to 1.5wt%. Flexural, interlaminar shear stress, torsion and torsion fatigue tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of MWCNTs addition on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of the carbon fabric-epoxy resin composite. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the 1.5wt% MWCNTs-containing composite improved by 8.97% and 11.45%, respectively, compared to that of the composite without MWCNTs. Moreover, the 1.5wt% MWCNTs-containing carbon fabric-epoxy composite showed 10.74% enhancement on the interlaminar shear stress compared to that of composite without MWCNTs. Based on the experimental result, a linear damage model has been fitted with ordinary least squares (OLS) method for unfilled and MWCNTs-filled carbon fabric-epoxy composite. Additionally, the torsion fatigue lift was also improved significantly.
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Kim, Chang Hyuk. "Performance of concrete panels strengthened using carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28340.
Full textAbstract:
Many bridges are handling heavier loads than those expected at design, making it increasingly necessary to strengthen existing members or conduct repairs on damaged structural members. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) materials have been broadly used to repair and strengthen reinforced concrete structures. Using CFRP materials as the strengthening material is an excellent solution because of their mechanical properties. CFRP has properties of high strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight. CFRP materials are being widely used for shear and flexural strengthening. Most studies have focused on uni-directional layout of CFRP strips in high shear regions of beams. Recent shear tests on full-scale I-girders have shown that the use of bi-directional CFRP layouts with CFRP anchors led to much higher shear strength increases than when using uni-directional layouts. The objective of the study is to determine the mechanism that governs shear strengthening of bridge girders using bi-directional CFRP and, in doing so, demonstrate the feasibility of using bi-directional CFRP for shear strengthening of large bridge I- and U-beams. Small-scale panel tests have been conducted to investigate parameters that influence the shear strength provided by bi-directional CFRP layouts. Panels were tested under compressive forces to simulate the compression struts that develop in the webs of I-beams. The applied loads generated bottle-shaped compressive struts. CFRP anchors were used to prevent early failure due to CFRP strip delamination from the panel surface. The panels, while not fully reproducing the boundary condition of girder webs, were tested ahead of full-scale girders to investigate a wide range of parameters in a cost-effective manner. The variables considered include the amount of CFRP and steel reinforcement, the inclination of CFRP fibers, and the layout and spacing of CFRP strips. The panel tests provide qualitative comparisons between the influence of the various parameters. The relative strength contributions of CFRP strips, steel stirrups, and concrete were evaluated.text
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Ofoegbu, Stanley Udochukwu. "Corrosion and corrosion inhibition in multi-material combinations." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24097.
Full textAbstract:
Modern high-strength but environmentally friendly, fuel-efficient and weight-optimized designs vital to the aeronautical and transport industries have resulted in the multi-material concept in which a wide range of materials are employed to exploit the various desirable mechanical and physical properties. These multi-material design concepts are susceptible to corrosion as the chemical and electrochemical properties of their constituent materials can vary widely. Since current corrosion mitigation strategies are not focused on these multi-material systems, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism of the corrosion processes operative in these multi-material assemblies and develop suitable multi-material corrosion mitigation solutions in tandem with the increasing design trend towards multi-material structures.
This work has focused on understanding the mechanism of multi-material corrosion in two multi-material systems that are of relevance to the aeronautical and transport industries; Al - Cu - CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymers) and Zn - Fe - CFRP galvanic systems respectively. On the basis of the insights obtained, appropriate multi-material corrosion mitigation options using inhibitors are to be identified and verified at the laboratory scale.
The thesis objectives have been pursued by an incremental escalation technique in which the five individual materials constituting the two multi-material galvanic systems were first studied at the macro-scale in quiescent 50 mM NaCl solutions with and without inhibitors. Particularly, CFRP the only non-metallic material used was extensively studied with a view to understanding its deleterious electrochemical action as an efficient cathode when coupled to metals and how to mitigate it. Next technologically relevant dual material couples most relevant to the two galvanic systems were studied at the macro- and micro-scales, on the premise that inhibitors efficient at mitigating galvanic corrosion in these simpler components (Al - CFRP, Al - Cu, and Cu - CFRP for the Al - Cu - CFRP galvanic system) and (Fe - CFRP, Zn - CFRP, and Zn - Fe for the Zn - Fe - CFRP galvanic system) are prone to be effective for an entire multi-material system. Finally, promising inhibitors identified from dual material galvanic studies are tested on the multi-material combinations leading to identification of efficient multi-material corrosion inhibitors for both the Al - Cu - CFRP and Zn - Fe - CFRP multi-material combinations.
The results demonstrate better understanding of the electrochemical behaviour of CFRP under cathodic polarization on galvanic coupling with metals and potential strategies to suppressing its ability to support cathodic reactions, and successful identification of potential inhibitors for mitigating multi-material corrosion in both systems. On the basis of results obtained in this work a scheme for monitoring degradation of CFRP was postulated as well as plausible mechanism(s) of multi-material corrosion and multi-material corrosion inhibition in Al - Cu - CFRP and Zn - Fe - CFRP multi-material galvanic systems, respectivelyOs projectos mais recentes de veículos usados pelas indústrias aeronáutica e dos transportes combinam alta resistência, baixo peso, consumo eficiente de combustível e reduzido impacto ambiental, para o que juntam no mesmo desenho materiais muito diversos. A corrosão destas combinações multi-materiais pode ser acelerada quando se unem materiais com propriedades químicas e electroquímicas bastante diferentes. Como as estratégias actuais de mitigação da corrosão não focam sistemas multi-materiais, há a necessidade urgente em caracterizar os mecanismos da corrosão nestes novos sistemas a fim de desenvolver soluções eficazes para a sua prevenção. Este trabalho centrou-se na compreensão dos mecanismos da corrosão de dois sistemas multimateriais com relevância para as indústrias aeronáutica e dos transportes: Al - Cu - CFRP (polímeros reforçado com fibra de carbono) e Zn - Fe - CFRP, respectivamente. Com base nos resultados obtidos procurou-se identificar, à escala laboratorial, inibidores de corrosão eficazes. Começou-se por estudar separadamente cada um dos cinco materiais constituintes das combinações multi-materiais, em solução aquosa NaCl 50 mM com e sem inibidores de corrosão. O CFRP, o único material não metálico, foi estudado extensivamente para caracterizar a sua acção electroquímica como cátodo, pois esta torna-se prejudicial quando o CFRP está ligado a metais. Estudou-se também formas de minimizar a reacção catódica no CFRP e a corrosão dos outros metais. O passo seguinte foi o estudo de pares desses materiais à micro e macro-escala admitindo que os inibidores de corrosão capazes de reduzir a corrosão galvânica nestes sistemas simples (Al - CFRP, Al - Cu, e Cu - CFRP para o sistema galvânico Al - Cu - CFRP) e (Fe - CFRP, Zn - CFRP, e Zn - Fe para o sistema Zn - Fe - CFRP) serão também eficazes na protecção da estrutura multi-material real. Por fim os inibidores mais eficientes foram estados para as combinações multi-marieriais completas, Al - Cu - CFRP e Zn - Fe - CFRP. Os resultados obtidos trazem uma melhor compreensão do comportamento electroquímico do CFRP quando sujeito a polarização catódica ou quando ligado galvanicamente a vários metais. Os resultados apresentam também estratégias possíveis para impedir o processo catódico à superfície do CFRP. Identificou-se ainda vários compostos com a capacidade de inibir a corrosão nos sistemas Al - Cu - CFRP e Zn - Fe - CFRP. Como resultado do trabalho realizado para esta Tese, desenvolveu-se um procedimento para monitorização da degradação do “plástico” reforçado com fibra de carbono (CFRP). Propõem-se também mecanismos para a corrosão e inibição em sistemas multi-material como por exemplo, Al - Cu - CFRP e Zn - Fe - CFRP
Programa Doutoral em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
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Lanier, Bryan Keith. "Study in the improvement in strength and stiffness capacity of steel multi-sided monopole towers utizling carbon fiber reinforced polymers as a retrofitting mechanism." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01062005-090143/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer"
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Sundi, Syahrul Azwan, R. Izamshah, M. S. Kasim, M. F. Jaafar, and M. H. Hassan. "Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces During Edge Trimming of Multi-directional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 409–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0950-6_62.
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Argenal, Andres, David Matthews, Connor Murrell, Andrew H. Cannon, Mark Pankow, and Garrett J. Pataky. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers with Carbon Nanotubes: Investigation of Interlaminar Strength." In Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid & Multi-functional Materials, Volume 5, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17445-2_1.
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Merzkirch, Matthias, and Tim Foecke. "10° Off-Axis Tensile Testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Using Digital Image Correlation." In Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 5, 55–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_8.
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Madkour, Loutfy. "Anticorrosive Carbon-Based Polymer and Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings." In Handbook of Research on Corrosion Sciences and Engineering, 86–134. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7689-5.ch005.
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Carbon is used as a reinforcing phase in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites employed in aeronautical and other technological applications. Degradation of composite occurs under polarization in aqueous media. Epoxy-based coatings have gained significant research interest owing to sufficient hydrophobicity, conductivity, water transport behaviour, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the anti-corrosive polymer coatings with low nanotube content have shown enhanced surface hydrophobicity and anti-rusting properties in addition to strength, conductivity, and thermal resistance. Also, polymer base coatings assessing the strength of bonding of the coating to the substrate, and salt spray test are common. This book chapter highlights the potential corrosion challenges in multi-material combinations containing carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, the surface chemistry of carbon, its plausible effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon, and consequently the degradation processes on carbon-fiber reinforced polymers.
Conference papers on the topic "Multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer"
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AHMED, DELIWALA AJAZ, and YERRAMALLI CHANDRA SEKHER. "Erosion of Uni-Directional Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite—A Micromechanical Approach." In American Society for Composites 2018. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc33/26136.
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AJAYI, TOSIN D., YUJUN JIA, and CHERYL XU. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL CERAMIC COMPOSITE SYSTEM FOR SIMULTANEOUS THERMAL PROTECTION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) SHIELDING FOR CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES (CFRP)." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35871.
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Achieving high electrical conductivity while maintaining good thermal insulation are often contradictory in the material design for the goal of simultaneous thermal protection and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The reason is that materials with high electrical conductivity often pertain high thermal conductivity. To address this challenge, this study reports a multifunctional ceramic composite system for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The fabricated multifunctional ceramic composite system has a multi-layer structure. The polymer derived SiCN ceramic reinforced with yttria stabilized zirconia fibers serves as the thermal protection and impedance matching layer, while the carbon nanotubes provide the EMI shielding. Thermal conductance of the multi-layered ceramic composite is about 22.5% lower compared to that of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Thermal insulation test during the steady-state condition shows that the hybrid composite can be used up to 300oC while keeping the temperature reaching the surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites at around 167.8oC. Flame test was used to characterize the thermal protection capability under transient condition. The hybrid composite showed a temperature difference of 72.9oC and 280.7oC during the low and high temperature settings, respectively. The average total shielding efficiency per thickness of the fabricated four-layered ceramic composite system was 21.45 dB/mm, which showed high reflection dominant EMI shielding. The average total shielding efficiency per thickness of the eight-layered composite system was 16.57 dB/mm, revealing high absorption dominant EMI shielding. Typical CFRP composites reveal reflection dominant EMI shielding. Results of this study showed that materials with good thermal insulation and EMI shielding can be obtained simultaneously by confining the electron movement inside the materials and refraining their movement at the skin surface.
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Wagner, David, Daniel Mainz, Thomas Gerhards, and Xiaoming Chen. "Carbon Fiber Composite Chassis Components, Opportunities and Challenges." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-mml-059.
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Using lightweight components to reduce vehicle mass is one of the tactics available to vehicle manufacturers to reduce CO2 emissions. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite with its high strength to density ratio is one of the potential materials to reduce component mass. The lessons learned from three research and development projects on automotive chassis structural components designed, manufactured and tested using carbon fibre composites provides insights into the opportunities for mass reduction and the cost, manufacturing and analysis challenges that combine to limit the applicability of carbon fibre composites in high volume automotive use. Projects investigated three structural cassis components, the Focus rear suspension tie blade knuckle, the F-150 front suspension lower control arm, and the Fusion (Mondeo) front subframe. All the projects developed, analysed, manufactured and tested carbon fibre composite replacement components that fit the package and met equivalent performance requirements to the production parts. Then the designs and manufacturing plans informed the cost estimates for these components at high automotive volumes. The tie blade knuckle chose thermoplastic resin while the front lower control arm and subframe investigated thermoset resin carbon fibre composites. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites offer the opportunity of approximately a 30% mass reduction compared to a steel component. This mass savings is less than anticipated. Due to the high constituent material costs of both the carbon fibre and the high performance resin, the complex manufacturing processes, and the final assembly processes the resultant "weight buy" exceeds an additional $35 USD of variable cost per kilogram of mass saved compared to the production steel component. All three of the components investigated require multi material solutions that include both random chopped and oriented continuous carbon fibre composites plus steel reinforcements at high point load areas such as the bolted connections. Also, the predictive CAE tools are not yet fully mature for carbon fibre composites leading to lower confidence initial designs.
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Robbany, Fathi, Bambang Pramujati, Suhardjono, Mohammad Khoirul Effendi, Bobby Oedy Pramoedyo Soepangkat, and Rachmadi Norcahyo. "Multi response prediction of cutting force and delamination in carbon fiber reinforced polymer using backpropagation neural network-genetic algorithm." In EXPLORING RESOURCES, PROCESS AND DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA) 2018. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112416.
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LIYANAGE, ASEL ANAND HABARAKADA, PIAS KUMAR BISWAS, MANGILAL AGARWAL, and HAMID DALIR. "MULTI-NOZZLE ELECTROSPINNING OF CARBON NANOTUBE/EPOXY SUBMICRON FILAMENTS FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36404.
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Nanocomposites are gaining tremendous attention in structural applications from the automotive to aerospace industries. In this research, we used multi-nozzle electrospinning using Lateral Belt Driven (LBD) approach to fabricate mass production of submicron thermoset epoxy filaments with carbon nanotubes (CNT) to enhance the mechanical properties of Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Electrospinning is one of the most versatile, low-cost, and well-recognized technologies for producing continuous filaments with diameters ranging from submicron. These Nanofilaments were precisely incorporated into the prepreg layers to improve adhesion and interfacial bonding. In this study, the deposition characteristics of the multi-nozzles were observed and analyzed to understand the fiber formation of each nozzle on the multi-nozzle (10 nozzles in 50 mm apart) platform, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 represents the summarized fiber diameters of the SEM images at 6,000× magnification from each nozzle while the electrospinning parameters were kept constant; Voltage: 17kv; nozzle gauge: 25G, working distance: 12 cm, and time of spinning: 5min. ImageJ software was used to analyze the SEM images and was plotted using Origin Pro software. CNT/Epoxy Fiber mean diameter was 128.3 nm ±35.4 nm resulting in a 29% improvement in Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) of the multi-nozzle electrospun CNT/Epoxy enhanced CFRP laminates.
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Liu, Yingtao, Abhishek Rajadas, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "Self-Sensing and Self-Healing of Structural Damage in Fiber Reinforced Composites." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3245.
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Carbon fiber reinforced composites have been used in a wide range of applications in aerospace, mechanical, and civil structures. Due to the nature of material, multiple types of structural damage including micro matrix cracks and delaminations can significant degrade the integrity and safety of composites. It is difficult to detect and repair such damage since they are always barely visible to the naked eye. This paper presents the development of self-sensing and self-healing functions in order to detect damage progression and conduct in-situ damage repair in composite structures. Carbon nanotubes, which are highly conductive materials, are uniformly distributed within epoxy to develop the self-sensing capability. Shape memory polymer is used in the hot spot to obtain the self-healing capability. The developed multi-functional material is applied to carbon fiber reinforced composites for the autonomic detection and heal the matrix cracking. Experimental results showed that the developed composite materials are capable of detecting and healing the matrix cracks and delaminations. The developed self-healing material has the potential to be used as a novel structural material in mechanical, civil, aerospace applications. It can be used to detect and in-situ repair matrix damage induced by low velocity impacts and fatigues.
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Sultana, Quazi Nahida, Saheem Absar, Stephanie Hulsey, Hans Schanz, and Mujibur Khan. "Synthesis and Processing of Solution Spun Cellulose Acetate Fibers Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50804.
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We report the fabrication of Cellulose Acetate (CA) based fibers reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a solution spinning process. The motivation of this work is to produce high performance fibers based on sustainable natural materials as an alternative to synthetic fibers for structural applications. A 30 wt% solution of CA in a binary solvent system of N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and Acetone (3:7 v/v) was used for the solution spinning of CA fibers. Both neat and CNT-loaded CA fibers were produced. The CNT loading with respect to the polymer was at 0.5 wt%. For CA-MWCNT spinning solutions, the MWCNTs were initially dispersed in the solvent and then CA is added and mixed together. The mixing temperature kept 40–45°C. The viscosity of the CA solution was 8,000 cP. Addition of MWCNT increased the viscosity of the CA solution to 32,000 cP. A lab-scale solution spinning line consisting of a constant torque high temperature gear pump and heated extrusion channels was used to produce both neat and CA-MWCNT fibers. The solution was pumped through a spinneret at the end of the extrusion channel with an orifice as a viscous gel-like filament which was passed through a spool placed in a coagulation bath and then it formed as fiber. The fibers are collected to a takeup roll at a draw ratio of 8.0. Characterization studies of both neat and MWCNT loaded fibers were performed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC analysis of fibers showed reduction in crystallinity of CA upon inclusion of 0.5 wt% MWCNT. TGA analysis showed improvement of thermal stability in CA-MWCNT fibers compared to neat CA. Cross-sections of neat CA fibers showed smooth surfaces with no significant defects, while CA-MWCNT showed formation of micro-voids and irregular features. Longitudinal views of outer surface of both neat CA and CA-MWCNT fibers showed no indication of surface defects or protrusions.
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Lee, Tae Hwa, Pei-Chung Wang, S. Jack Hu, and Mihaela Banu. "Investigation of the Dynamic Response of a Multispot System at Joining Using Ultrasonic Welding." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64916.
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Abstract Ultrasonic welding is one of the most practical joining method for polymer composite materials and has been adapted in the aerospace and automotive industries. To effectively join polymer composite assemblies, it is critical to understand the dynamic response of the welding system so that sound heating generation and welding sequences in the ultrasonic welding of the assemblies can be properly obtained. This study presents a dynamic response model of a multi-spot configuration assembly using ultrasonic welding. Here, a dynamic model of joining a U-shaped carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite part with a flat part is developed and analyzed through the ratio between the frequencies generated at different locations of the spot with respect to the edges of the assembly and the natural frequency. Finally, this ratio is correlated with the weld quality of the multiple spot configuration. Guidelines for designing multisport sequence are extracted. This study provides a method to design the welding sequence in ultrasonic welding of carbon fiber reinforced composites.
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Wilkerson, Justin W., Jiang Zhu, and Daniel C. Davis. "Fatigue of a Nanocomposite Laminate." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66209.
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A multi-scale carbon fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite laminate, with strategically incorporated fluorine functionalized carbon nanotubes at 0.2 weight percent, is studied for improvements in strength, stiffness and fatigue life under both tension-tension fatigue (R = +0.1) and tension-compression fatigue (R = −0.1) loading. The nanotubes were incorporated into the carbon fabric, and laminates were fabricated using a high temperature vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. The influence of the fluorinated functionalized carbon nanotubes on the evolution of damage and the resistance to catastrophic failure is credited for these mechanical property improvements.
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Norcahyo, R., B. O. P. Soepangkat, and Sutikno. "Multi response optimization of thrust force and delamination in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) drilling using backpropagation neural network-particle swarm optimization (BPNN-PSO)." In DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICOME 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5046263.
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