Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multi-connectivité'
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Vergnes, Alan. "Connectivité des paysages urbains et faune épigée : approche multi-échelles et multi-taxons." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0001.
Full textScientific insights are needed to limit the negative effects of urbanization and improve urban biodiversity. Thus, we analysed the effects of landscape on several ground –dwelling communities (multi taxa approach). We organized our research following three main axis: (1) response along an urbanization gradient, (2) the effect of corridors on the dispersal among urban landscapes and (3) simulation of the corridor effect using an individual based model (IBM). We observed strong and negative effects of the urbanized landscapes, stronger for forest specialist species which are replaced by more generalist species along the gradient. We highlighted a positive effect of corridors with some differences between taxa that could be explained by variation in their dispersal capabilities, confirmed by the model. The IBM has confirmed these results. This study opens new doors on the spatial configuration of local communities within the landscapes
Naveau, Mikaël. "Connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale pendant l'état de repos : modélisation multi-échelle." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN3142.
Full textIn recent years, studies of brain activity at rest have gained importance thanks to the emergence of functional connectivity methods. Functional connectivity-based analysis is an emerging technique for human brain mapping, specifically applied to data obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging. It has been proposed that the brain at rest show a specific complex modular organization. Indeed, a modular organization of functional connectivity is observed at different spatial and temporal scales. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed a method for the estimation of resting-state functional networks in a large population of 300 subjects. Based on independent component analysis, this method allowed us to uncover 34 resting-state networks covering the entire cerebral cortex. In addition, inter-network synchronization, at a larger spatial scale, shows a hierarchical organization and highlights two major brain systems including five functional modules. The different levels of organization show specific functional interactions and we demonstrate a relationship between the synchronization of brain activity at rest and the spontaneous mental processes of subjects during this state. In conclusion, our studies highlight a spatial hierarchy of the functional organization of the brain at rest whose connectivity modulations reflect, in part, the content of spontaneous thoughts during this state
Karkar, Slim Ismael. "Parcellisation et analyse multi-niveaux de données : Application à l’étude des réseaux de connectivité cérébrale." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/KARKAR_Slim_Ismael_2011.pdf.
Full textOver the last decade, functional MRI has emerged as a widely used tool for mapping functions of the brain. More recently, it has been used for identifying networks of cerebral connectivity that represent the interactions between different brain areas. In this context, a recent strategy is based on a preliminary parcellation of the brain into functional regions, and then identifying functional networks from a measurement of interactions between each area. The first part of this thesis describes a novel approach for parcellation that produces regions that are homogeneous at several levels. These regions are shown to be consistent with the anatomical landmarks of the processed subjects. In the second part, we propose a new family of statistics to identify significant networks of functional connectivity. This approach enables the detection of small, strongly-connected networks as well as larger networks that involve weaker interactions. Finally, within a classification framework, we developed a group-level study, producing networks that synthesize characteristics of functional networks across the population under study
Emeriau, Samuel. "Caractérisation des réseaux multi-sujets en IRMf : apport du clustering basé sur la connectivité fonctionnelle." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS018/document.
Full textThe comprehension of cerebral operations is in constant evolution since the rise of the neurosciences.New methods of imagery made it possible to highlight an architecture of our brain in complex networks.The purpose of my work is to develop a method to find the most representative networks of a group of subjects in Functional MRI.In the first step, I developed a method to reduce the fMRI data size based on clustering. I introduced a new characterization of functional information by the profile of connectivity. This one makes it possible to reduce the variance induced by the noise present within the data of Functional MRI.Moreover this profile does not require a priori information on the data contrary to the traditional inferential methods.In the second step, I developed a method to identify common networks on a group of subjects while taking into account of spatial and functional inter-subjects variability. The networks obtained can then be characterized by their spatial organization but also by their inner connectivity links.This method also allows the comparison of the networks of various groups of subjects, making it possible to highlight the implications of different networks according to different stimulations or pathological states
Karkar, Slim. "Parcellisation et analyse multi-niveaux de données IRM fonctionnelles. Application à l'étude des réseaux de connectivité cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652609.
Full textLe, Van Tuan. "Coopération dans les systèmes multi-robots : contribution au maintien de la connectivité et à l’allocation dynamique de rôles." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2043.
Full textGiven the complexity of the tasks to be undertaken by a multi-robot system, the approach most commonly adopted is to “divide and conquer”. It is to decompose the complex task into subtasks, then each of these sub-tasks into sub-sub-tasks. This process is repeated until we reach basic tasks that can be made by individual robots. This approach, although attractive at first glance, has the disadvantage of not always be easy to implement. Indeed, in the majority of existing work, the decomposition of a complex task into elementary tasks is performed in a rather ad hoc and dependent upon the target robot system. This is indeed a barrier to reuse the result of the decomposition – both software to the logic level with other robotic systems. In this thesis, we propose a solution that allows any collection of heteroge- neous robots to organize themselves into teams and sub-teams and this, accor- ding to both the requirements of the task at hand, robots available and resources. Our approach based on the decomposition of a complex task roles, separates the concerns of the design and implementation level. Thus, one logical solution may be (re)used on multi-robot systems with varying abilities. Once the task is decomposed into roles, we are facing a well-known, yet unresolved problem : the general problem of assignment of roles to robots effectively. Faced with this problem NP-hard, we propose heuristics based on the Contract-Net protocol to assign roles to the robots to form coalitions. Each coalition is composed of robots cooperating tightly to perform a single task. Assigning roles to robots, as well as the cooperation of the latter requires that the robots must be able to communicate frequently. As a result, the network connectivity of robots is a prerequisite for communication. We propose a novel solution to this problem based on our concept of “connectivity awareness”. It is about equipping each robot with an knowledge of the network structure. We show that a partial and local knowledge in each robot can be exploited for main- taining network connectivity in the robust distributed manner. Each robot can plan its own move locally without jeopardizing the overall network connectivity. Indeed, this local knowledge that is the connectivity awareness can be exploi- ted so that each robot can determine whether the global network connectivity is robust to the its own network connectivity failure or not
Rabut, Claire. "Neuroimagerie fonctionnelle ultrasonore 4D et connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale chez l’animal éveillé." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS328.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the application of functional ultrasound imaging for new pre-clinical imaging modalities in rodents. Functional Ultrasound imaging (fUS) is a brain imaging modality based on Doppler imaging which makes possible to image the cerebral vascular activity with a very good sensitivity. As a first step, a new acquisition device was developed to allow transcranial functional imaging in awake, freely moving mice. We applied this device to measure the alteration of functional connectivity induced by a drug model of Alzheimer's disease. The pharmacodynamic study in awake mice allowed us to measure stable and dose dependent alterations in functional connectivity. The study was validated by a classifier automating the distinction of the pathological states using supervised learning. Using a new type of ultrasound scanner, we have also expanded the field of view of fUS imaging to the third dimension. The implemented technology has extended fUS acquisition capabilities to 4D functional. High quality films of the volume cerebral blood dynamics were obtained in rats and showed the feasibility of 4D fUS technology through different functional measurement applications. Finally, we applied the method of supersonic shear wave elastography to the evaluation of the stiffness of functional areas in the brain. We were able to monitor the brain activity by tracking changes in blood volume and at the same time generating shear waves to determine the stiffness of activated functional regions following external stimulations. The work carried out in this thesis has expanded the perspectives of pre-clinical ultrasound functional imaging for neuroscience research
Remon, Jonathan. "Connectivité fonctionnelle en paysage fragmenté : apport des données génétiques et démographiques pour étudier l'impact multi-spécifique des infrastructures linéaires de transport." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30327.
Full textImplementing networks of ecological continuities requires estimation of functional connectivity in landscapes. Particularly when those landscapes are fragmented by Large-scale Transportation Infrastructures (LTIs). In this context, four terrestrial species were monitored using genetic and demographic surveys across six LTIs in south-western France. The results showed that a significant amount of genetic variability was explained by LTIs (38%), that are mostly acting as dispersal barriers. However, LTI effects are variable depending on the species under study and, in some cases, they can even act as infrastructures enhancing dispersal. Furthermore, the combined use of genetic tools and demographic surveys showed that depending on the selected approach, results might differ. Therefore, these two approaches should be more used simultaneously in landscape surveys
Khoufi, Saadallah Ines. "Autonomous or assisted deployment by mobile robots of wireless sensor networks : coverage and connectivity issues." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066351/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks are deployed to monitor physical phenomena. The accuracy of information collected depends on sensor node positions. These positions must meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity. Therefore, deployment algorithms are necessary to determine the optimal positions of sensor nodes. This thesis focuses on the deployment of wireless sensor nodes, first when these nodes are autonomous, and secondly when they are static and the deployment is assisted by mobile robots. In both cases, this deployment must not only meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity, but also minimize the number of sensors needed while satisfying various constraints (e.g. obstacles, energy, fault-tolerant connectivity). We proposed autonomous deployment algorithms that avoid node oscillations: ADVFA, GDVFA and OA-DVFA to monitor 2D areas and 3D-DVFA to monitor a 3D space. In case of a deployment assisted by mobile robots, we proposed two approaches to optimize the deployment duration. The first one is based on game theory to optimize the length of the paths of two robots (TRDS) and the second is based on the multi-objective optimization, with a number of robots greater than or equal to 2 (MRDS). The objectives to be met are: optimizing the duration of the longest tour duration, balancing the durations of the robot tours and minimizing the number of robots used, while bypassing obstacles
Khoufi, Saadallah Ines. "Autonomous or assisted deployment by mobile robots of wireless sensor networks : coverage and connectivity issues." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066351.
Full textWireless sensor networks are deployed to monitor physical phenomena. The accuracy of information collected depends on sensor node positions. These positions must meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity. Therefore, deployment algorithms are necessary to determine the optimal positions of sensor nodes. This thesis focuses on the deployment of wireless sensor nodes, first when these nodes are autonomous, and secondly when they are static and the deployment is assisted by mobile robots. In both cases, this deployment must not only meet the application requirements in terms of coverage and connectivity, but also minimize the number of sensors needed while satisfying various constraints (e.g. obstacles, energy, fault-tolerant connectivity). We proposed autonomous deployment algorithms that avoid node oscillations: ADVFA, GDVFA and OA-DVFA to monitor 2D areas and 3D-DVFA to monitor a 3D space. In case of a deployment assisted by mobile robots, we proposed two approaches to optimize the deployment duration. The first one is based on game theory to optimize the length of the paths of two robots (TRDS) and the second is based on the multi-objective optimization, with a number of robots greater than or equal to 2 (MRDS). The objectives to be met are: optimizing the duration of the longest tour duration, balancing the durations of the robot tours and minimizing the number of robots used, while bypassing obstacles
Chouikhi, Samira. "Tolérance aux pannes dans un réseau de capteurs sans fil multi-canal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1031/document.
Full textThe development in Micro Electro-Mechanic Systems (MEMS) combined with the emergence of new information and communication technologies allowed the integration of the data sensing, processing and transmission in a single tiny device which is the wireless sensor. Consequently, the networks formed by these sensors offer a lot advantages compared with the traditional networks, in particular in terms of the deployment simplicity and cost. This led to the development of a wide range of Wireless Sensor Networks' applications in the domains of health, environment, industry, infrastructures, spatial activities, or even military activities and in many other domains. However, new challenges appear from the particular characteristics of these networks. In fact, many applications of this type of networks are critical and require that the correct functioning of the network is maintained as long as possible. However, the environments in which these networks are deployed return the mission of network maintenance very complicated or even impossible; hence, the necessity of integrating mechanisms of self-correction which aim to overcome the appeared problems without a human intervention. In this context, we focused our study on the techniques and mechanisms implemented to improve the property of fault tolerance in the wireless sensor networks. First, we proposed centralized and distributed approaches for the connectivity restoration and the channel reallocation in a multi-channel communication context after the failure of a critical node. After the formulation of the problem as a multi-objective optimization problem, we proposed some algorithms based on the heuristics of graphs coloring and Steiner tree, very known in the graph theory to solve this type of problems. In a second part in this thesis, we studied a particular application case, precision agriculture, and we proposed a distributed solution for the failure recovery in wireless sensor networks
Chagdali, Abdellatif. "Multi-connectivity and resource allocation for slices in 5G networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST052.
Full textFuture mobile networks envision unprecedented innovation opportunities and disruptive use cases. As a matter of fact, the 5G and beyond networks' pledge to deliver mission-critical applications mandates a versatile, scalable, efficient, and cost-effective network capable of accommodating its resource allocation to meet the services' heterogeneous requirements. To face these challenges, network slicing has emerged as one of the fundamental concepts proposed to raise the 5G mobile networks' efficiency and provide the required plasticity. The idea is to provide resources for different vertical industries by building multiple end-to-end logical networks over a shared virtualized infrastructure. Each network slice is customized to deliver a specific service and adapts its architecture and radio access technologies.Precisely, applications such as industrial automation or vehicular communications pose stringent latency and reliability requirements on cellular networks. Given that the current mobile network cannot meet these requirements, ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) embodies a vital research topic that has gathered substantial momentum from academia and industrial alliances. To reach URLLC requirements, employing multi-connectivity (MC), i.e., exploiting multiple radio links as communication paths at once, is a promising approach.Therefore, the objective of the present manuscript is to investigate dynamic scheduling techniques, exploiting redundant coverage of users, guaranteed in numerous 5G radio access network scenarios. We first review the evolution of mobile networks and discuss various considerations for network slicing architecture and its impact on resource allocation design. Then, we use tools from queuing theory to model a system in which a set of URLLC users are connected simultaneously to two base stations having the same bandwidth; we refer to this scenario as the homogenous case. We introduce suitable scheduling policies and evaluate their respective performances by assessing their reliability. Next, we extend the homogenous case's results to a more general setting where the physical interfaces manage different bandwidths, referred to as the heterogeneous case. Finally, we merge the above elements to validate the choice of resource allocation schemes considering the deployed architecture
Sow, Idrissa. "Partitionnement et Geocasting dans les Réseaux Mobiles Ad hoc et Collecte des Données dans les Réseaux de Capteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440004.
Full textOuattara, Yacouba. "Gestion de l'énergie et de la connectivité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil statiques et mobiles." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2046/document.
Full textA number of works based on wireless sensor networks are interested in the energy management of these sensors. This energy is in fact a critical factor in the operation of these networks. Proper construction of sensor clusters is a great way to minimize the consumption of this energy. The problems related to these networks and often lies in their lifetime but also in the need to maintain connectivity between all transducers. These two aspects are closely linked. In this thesis, we focused on these two aspects in the context of static sensor networks but also of mobile sensors.We propose, as a _rst step, a hybrid algorithm for setting up clusters and the management of theseclusters. The uniqueness of this solution lies in the establishment of geographic areas for designation fcluster heads but also in transmission, in the exchanged messages, the amount of remaining energy on the sensors. Thus, the sensor data will designate the cluster heads and their successors will determine the thresholds for other sensors and for their operation. The algorithm is tested through many simulations. The second part of the work is to adapt our _rst algorithm for mobile sensor networks. We a_ect the trajectory of sensors to maintain connectivity and reduce energy consumption. For this, we are guided echo-location practiced by bats. We're interested in changing and dynamic topology in sensor networks. We analyzed the loss of energy as a function of the distance and the power transmission between the nodes and the head cluster. We also evaluate our algorithm on sensors that have a random move. We apply these algorithms to a _eet of surveillance drones simulation
Benaim, Mickaël. "Gouvernance et politiques de science en région : une approche multi-acteurs et multi-niveaux." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842827.
Full textBouzid, Salah Eddine. "Optimisation multicritères des performances de réseau d’objets communicants par méta-heuristiques hybrides et apprentissage par renforcement." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1026.pdf.
Full textThe deployment of Communicating Things Networks (CTNs), with continuously increasing densities, needs to be optimal in terms of quality of service, energy consumption and lifetime. Determining the optimal placement of the nodes of these networks, relative to the different quality criteria, is an NP-Hard problem. Faced to this NP-Hardness, especially for indoor environments, existing approaches focus on the optimization of one single objective while neglecting the other criteria, or adopt an expensive manual solution. Finding new approaches to solve this problem is required. Accordingly, in this thesis, we propose a new approach which automatically generates the deployment that guarantees optimality in terms of performance and robustness related to possible topological failures and instabilities. The proposed approach is based, on the first hand, on the modeling of the deployment problem as a multi-objective optimization problem under constraints, and its resolution using a hybrid algorithm combining genetic multi-objective optimization with weighted sum optimization and on the other hand, the integration of reinforcement learning to guarantee the optimization of energy consumption and the extending the network lifetime. To apply this approach, two tools are developed. A first called MOONGA (Multi-Objective Optimization of wireless Network approach based on Genetic Algorithm) which automatically generates the placement of nodes while optimizing the metrics that define the QoS of the CTN: connectivity, m-connectivity, coverage, k-coverage, coverage redundancy and cost. MOONGA tool considers constraints related to the architecture of the deployment space, the network topology, the specifies of the application and the preferences of the network designer. The second optimization tool is named R2LTO (Reinforcement Learning for Life-Time Optimization), which is a new routing protocol for CTNs, based on distributed reinforcement learning that allows to determine the optimal rooting path in order to guarantee energy-efficiency and to extend the network lifetime while maintaining the required QoS
Percel, Gwendoline. "Réponse des espèces lignicoles à la disponibilité des habitats en forêt tempérée : approche multi-échelles du micro-habitat au paysage." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2055/document.
Full textIntensive forestry induces a simplification of forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics, resulting in a decrease of density and diversity of old-growth forest attributes (deadwood and tree-related microhabitats). These elements represent critical habitats for lignicolous species. At the landscape scale, forest management planning create a spatial discontinuity of these microhabitats, which can be perceived as a fragmentation process for many species. Although habitat fragmentation is currently recognized as one of the major threats to biodiversity, its impact on species in managed temperate forest are still poorly understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of microhabitat availability (quantity and configuration) on species communities and populations, at multiple spatial scales, in order to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the spatial arrangement of conservation strategies. We proposed a statistical methodology to predict the microhabitats distribution within the complex of the Compiègne forest (France). Based on this predictive mapping, we showed that different guilds of saproxylic beetles, defined according to their life history traits related to dispersal abilities, respond to the landscape structure at different spatial scales. Modelling metapopulation dynamics of an epixylic bryophyte (Dicranum viride) has highlighted the importance of dispersal on colonization/extinction processes that underlie the species’ occurrence patterns observed at the forest scale. Our results emphasize the key role of deadwood and tree-related microhabitats, which can be considered as relevant management leverage. Increase their quantity and optimize their spatial arrangement within and between forest stands, appears to be essential for persistence of the lignicolous species within managed forests
Morosanu, Gabriela Adina. "La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire du bassin de la rivière Jiu. Approche systèmique et multi-échelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU036.
Full textThe doctoral thesis titled “The Hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the Jiu River Watershed. A systemic and multi-scale approach” aimed to investigate the dynamics of liquid and solid flows at various temporal and spatial scales, in the Jiu River Basin. The study area is located in southwestern Romania, Jiu River (339 km long) being one of the most important Carpathian tributaries of the Danube river.In the current context, marked by the need to elaborate integrated watershed management plans, the present study offers valuable and original information on the hydro-sedimentary dynamics in the Jiu River watershed, that stems from a cross-disciplinary research carried out at different temporal and spatial scales.The watershed under study is characterized by complex geographical particularities, determined by a great diversity of natural and socio-economic factors. From an economic standpoint, the element that individualizes Jiu’s watershed is the presence and exploitation of coal in its upper sector (black coal) and middle sector (lignite), activities that have left their mark on the hydrological characteristics of the rivers in the basin. The presence of coal resources has been relied upon in this paper in order to investigate the hydro-sedimentary dynamics on the basis of an analysis, carried out through different laboratory methods, of the coal associated elements’ content in the alluvium samples collected in the riverbeds of Jiu and its main tributaries.The present research seeks to answer the following two major questions:(i) Which are the natural and human factors that contribute to the production and transfer of the solid and liquid fluxes within the Jiu River basin?(ii) What is the importance of spatial and temporal scales in the analysis of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics with regards to sediment sources, extreme hydrological events, transfer paths and the most favorable accumulation areas?The scientific methodology that we adopted followed a perspective that shifted from the general to the specific.In the first part of the thesis, the analysis was carried out at the scale of the whole basin, in order to highlight the physico-geographical factors, as well as the man-made ones, controlling the liquid and solid fluxes. The issues that we approached refer to the connectivity between sources – transfer – accumulation areas, hydrological variability and the relationship between the solid and the liquid discharge, the geomorphological mapping of alluvium-generating processes.In the second part of the thesis, we shifted from the systemic perspective of the whole Jiu River Basin towards a smaller scale, both spatially and temporally, able to reflect the role of the largest floods recorded in Jiu River Basin in the hydro-sedimentary dynamics and the contribution of its main sub-catchments in the sediment transfer. From a methodological point of view, in this part of the thesis we moved from the classical, geographical and hydrological methods, employed in the first part (based on mapping and GIS analysis, as well as by statistical processing of data series) towards a complex methodology, integrating hydrological analysis (on the basis of flood indices), field research and the complex analysis of fine sediments in the laboratory (through techniques belonging to colorimetric tracing, geochemistry, organic petrology).The results of our research connected the elements and factors behind the hydro-sedimentary dynamics at various spatial and temporal scales into a systemic vision. The laboratory analyses of the sediment and coal samples, the study of flood events and the hydrological and geomorphological analyses of Jiu watershed’s particularities have contributed to a better understanding of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics, offering original insight into potential sediment sources, the composition and quantity of sediments and the transfer paths they follow in the system of Jiu River’s watershed
Balbi, Manon. "Validation de la fonctionnalité des continuités écologiques en milieu urbain : approches plurispécifiques et multi-sites." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B034/document.
Full textMaintaining connectivity across urban landscape, intrinsically fragmented, is a major issue of urban biodiversity conservation. Connectivity is increasingly taken into account by policy and stakeholders, especially through the establishment of the blue-green infrastructure. Multiple mapping tools allow to detect ecological networks (highly connected areas), however their functionnal validation is often lacking. The objective of this study is to validate least cost path analysis predictions in several cities with different biological models. Studied species vary in terms of dispersal means and capacities (flight, walk, crawling) and habitat requirement (e.g. herbaceous or forested habitats). Several protocols based on movement ecology and landscape genetic are applied, focusing on replication (within and among cities) and control of inter-individual variability. Our results indicate that movement is increased in predicted ecological networks when compared with areas predicted as poorly connected: the translocated hedgehogs travelled longer distances, several passerine responded to song playback over longer distances, and moths showed increased recapture rates. Indirect analysis on the garden snail showed a weak relation between population genetic differentiation and connectivity models. This work provides scientific support for the establishment of ecological networks in urban landscapes
Sammarco, Matteo. "Dissémination multi-contenus opportuniste : monitorage passif et adaptation aux conditions du réseau." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066573/document.
Full textThe market penetration of mobile devices has experienced an impressive growth. Smartphones, tablets, and laptops have become both producers and consumers of user-generated contents. They also motivate novel communication paradigms such as the possibility to establish, in an opportunistic fashion, direct device-to-device links whenever two mobile nodes enter within the wireless range of each other. In this thesis, we consider the case of opportunistic dissemination of multiple large contents from an experimental point of view. This implies revisiting, among others, the common assumption that contacts have enough capacity to transfer any amount of data.In the first part of this thesis, we start from an Android implementation of EPICS, a network protocol designed for exchanging large contents in opportunistic networks, on off-the-shelf devices. After an deep analysis of application-level logs and captured wireless traces we found out limitations and uncovered improving possibilities. We then propose DAD, a new content dissemination protocol that adaptively sends bursts of data instead of the per-fragment transmission strategy of EPICS.The second part of this thesis deals with the scalability of legacy WLAN monitoring systems. We propose two original approaches. With the first one, based on trace similarity and community detection algorithms, we are able to identify how many monitor we need in a target area and where to place them. The second approach in based on collaborative measurements. In this case we face the risk of biased measures due attacks of malicious users generating adulterated traces. We then propose a method to detect such malicious behaviors
Grangeon, Thomas. "Etude multi-échelle de la granulométrie des particules fines générées par érosion hydrique : apports pour la modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875975.
Full textSammarco, Matteo. "Dissémination multi-contenus opportuniste : monitorage passif et adaptation aux conditions du réseau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066573.
Full textThe market penetration of mobile devices has experienced an impressive growth. Smartphones, tablets, and laptops have become both producers and consumers of user-generated contents. They also motivate novel communication paradigms such as the possibility to establish, in an opportunistic fashion, direct device-to-device links whenever two mobile nodes enter within the wireless range of each other. In this thesis, we consider the case of opportunistic dissemination of multiple large contents from an experimental point of view. This implies revisiting, among others, the common assumption that contacts have enough capacity to transfer any amount of data.In the first part of this thesis, we start from an Android implementation of EPICS, a network protocol designed for exchanging large contents in opportunistic networks, on off-the-shelf devices. After an deep analysis of application-level logs and captured wireless traces we found out limitations and uncovered improving possibilities. We then propose DAD, a new content dissemination protocol that adaptively sends bursts of data instead of the per-fragment transmission strategy of EPICS.The second part of this thesis deals with the scalability of legacy WLAN monitoring systems. We propose two original approaches. With the first one, based on trace similarity and community detection algorithms, we are able to identify how many monitor we need in a target area and where to place them. The second approach in based on collaborative measurements. In this case we face the risk of biased measures due attacks of malicious users generating adulterated traces. We then propose a method to detect such malicious behaviors
Amini, Ladan. "Développement de Graphe de Connectivité Différentiel pour Caractérisation des Régions Cérébrales Impliquées dans l'Epilepsie." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559915.
Full textMechai, Samir. "Utilisation des outils phylogéographiques pour explorer la diversité génétique de Borrelia burgdorferi et le paysage génétique de la maladie de Lyme au Canada." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19878.
Full textChanauria, Nayan. "Investigating the comparative effects of adaptation on supra and infragranular layers with visual and acoustic stimulation in cat’s visual cortex." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23495.
Full textIn the cat primary visual cortex (V1 or area17), neurons fundamentally respond to orientations of the objects in the outside world. Neurons responding to specific orientations form the orientation columns in V1. A neuron responding to a horizontal orientation will get optimally excited towards the outline of a horizontal object. This feature of the visual cortex known as orientation selectivity has been continuously explored to study the effects of adaptation. Following a training paradigm called adaptation, the same neuron that was inherently responding to the horizontal orientation will respond to an oblique orientation. In this thesis, we seek to examine the orientation tuning properties of individual neurons in superficial and deeper layers of V1 in different adaptation environments. Due to the extensive interconnectivity between V1 neurons, we hypothesize that not only do individual neurons get affected by adaptation paradigm, but the whole cortex is reprogramed. To this aim, extracellular recordings were performed in conventionally prepared anesthetized cats. Neural activities were recorded simultaneously from layer 2/3 and layer 5/6 using a tungsten multichannel electrode. Neurons were adapted with a visual adapter (visual adaptation) and a repetitive sound (sound adaptation) in two different settings. Both types of adaptations were performed uninterrupted for 12 minutes. In both settings, sine-wave drifting gratings were presented to evoke responses in V1 and generate tuning curves from the recorded multiunit activity. The functional connectivity between the recorded neurons was revealed by computing cross-correlation between individual neuron pairs. In response to visual adaptation, layer 2/3 and 5/6 neurons displayed classical attractive and repulsive shifts. On comparing the behaviour of the neurons in either layer, an equivalent tendency was observed. Cross-correlograms between the spike trains of neurons in layers 2/3 and 5/6 revealed synchronized firing between the neurons suggesting coordinated dynamics of the co-active neurons and their functional connections. During sound adaptation, where the visual adapter was completely absent, shifts in the tuning curves were observed in either layer indicating a novel orientation selectivity. However, it is noteworthy that cells in both layers shifted in opposite directions indicating independent behaviour. V1 neurons might have an additional role besides processing visual stimuli. The visual neurons may have demonstrated multisensory properties when stimulated indirectly through neighbouring sensory regions. Our results indicate that primary visual neurons can be evoked by direct or indirect stimulation. The difference in the responses of layer 2/3 and layer 5/6 neurons towards the different adaptation environments indicate that neurons in V1 may behave similar or different towards the different sensory stimulus. This suggests that V1 responses are stimulus dependent. Additionally, the synchronized firing of layer 2/3 and layer 5/6 neurons towards visual adapter signify an existence of functional connectivity between the neuron pairs. Together, it can be summarised that visual neurons undergo an alteration of selectivity by building new orientation maps that ultimately potentiates plasticity within sensory regions that are highly suggestive of entire cortex being multisensory.