Journal articles: 'Multi-channel ASR'

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Yun, Dajung, and Kyoungwon Lee. "Changes of the Korean Consonant-Vowel Syllabic Recognition Scores According to the Compression Threshold Control of Multi-Channel Hearing Aid." Audiology and Speech Research 16, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.200061.

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Purpose: While adjusting the compression threshold (CT) of low and high frequency bands of multi-channel hearing aids in noise, we tried to evaluate any changes in Korean consonant-vowel (CV) syllabic recognition scores, sound quality, and loudness of noise with white noise.Methods: A total of twenty one subjects with hearing loss (mean age of 66.2 years) participated voluntarily. Their pure-tone average was 46.0 dB HL and the word recognition score was 72.1%. The CTs of low/high frequency bands were adjusted to 50/50 dB SPL, 50/65 dB SPL, 65/50 dB SPL and 60/65 dB SPL in multi-channel hearing aids. While presenting white noise to the non-test ear, Korean CV syllables were presented to the test ear to evaluate the recognition scores, clarity of conversational speech, and loudness of noise. The intensity of CV syllables presented to the subject was 50 dB HL, and the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were 5 dB and 10 dB.Results: First, when the CT of low/high frequency bands was adjusted to 50/50 dB SPL, the CV syllabic recognition scores were higher compared to 65/50 dB SPL. Second, in the noise environment, the clarity of conversational speech, and loudness of the noise did not have any difference regardless of levels of CT.Conclusion: Based on current findings, the frequency bands setting of CT in the multi-channel hearing aids might provide changes to recognize Korean speech sounds, which may affect the adjustment of frequency band CT from multichannel hearing aids in the future.

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Wang, Zhong-Qiu, Peidong Wang, and DeLiang Wang. "Complex Spectral Mapping for Single- and Multi-Channel Speech Enhancement and Robust ASR." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 28 (2020): 1778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2020.2998279.

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Shin, Suyeon, and Kyoungwon Lee. "Comparisons of Sentence Recognition Scores and Preferences according to Compression Types in a Multi-Channel Hearing Aid." Audiology and Speech Research 13, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.2017.13.1.88.

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Kim, Seeon, and Kyoungwon Lee. "Changes of Consonant Recognition and Sound Quality as a Function of Compression Threshold on Multi-Channel Hearing Aids." Audiology and Speech Research 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.2019.15.1.23.

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Lin, Shaoxiong, Wangyou Zhang, and Yanmin Qian. "Two-Stage Single-Channel Speech Enhancement with Multi-Frame Filtering." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 4926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084926.

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Speech enhancement has been extensively studied and applied in the fields of automatic speech recognition (ASR), speaker recognition, etc. With the advances of deep learning, attempts to apply Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to speech enhancement have achieved remarkable results and the quality of enhanced speech has been greatly improved. In this study, we propose a two-stage model for single-channel speech enhancement. The model has two DNNs with the same architecture. In the first stage, only the first DNN is trained. In the second stage, the second DNN is trained to refine the enhanced output from the first DNN, while the first DNN is frozen. A multi-frame filter is introduced to help the second DNN reduce the distortion of the enhanced speech. Experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets show that the proposed model outperforms other enhancement models not only in terms of speech enhancement evaluation metrics and word error rate (WER), but also in its superior generalization ability. The results of the ablation experiments also demonstrate that combining the two-stage model with the multi-frame filter yields better enhancement performance and less distortion.

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Jeong, Jihaeng, and Kyoungwon Lee. "Changes of Non-Sense Syllabic Word Scores and Preferences as a Function of Release Time on Multi-Channel Hearing Aids." Audiology and Speech Research 14, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.2018.14.4.250.

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Bang, Eojini, and Kyoungwon Lee. "A Study on the Preferred Real-Ear Insertion Gain of Multi-Channel Hearing Aid for the Korean with Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Audiology and Speech Research 16, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.200006.

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Purpose: This study aimed to compare the preferred real-ear insertion gain for Korean (PREIG-K) wearing multi-channel hearing aid with the National Acoustics Laboratories-Non-Linear version 2 (NAL-NL2; National Acoustic Laboratories) gains in order to develop Korean hearing aid fitting formula.Methods: A total of thirty one (62 ears) Korean hearing aid users were included in this study. All subjects wore in-the-canal or custom hearing aids in both ears. Individual hearing aid fitting procedures involved to adjust the gains for 50, 65, and 80 dB sound pressure level of speech across low, high, and wideband frequency bands based on participant’s subjective responses. In addition, only the high frequency bands of 1 kHz or more of the PREIG-K were re-adjusted to be the same as NAL-NL2 gain and then the word recognition scores (WRSs) were compared before and after the adjusting gain. Results: The results showed that the PREIG-K increased up to 1.5 kHz with the maximum amount, then the PREIG-K decreased across the frequencies. For all half octave frequencies, the PREIG-Ks were substantially less than the NAL-NL2. When the PREIG-K of high frequencies were re-adjusted same as the NAL-NL2 gains, the WRSs of the PREIG-K were not significantly different before and after gain adjustment. The slopes up to 1.5 kHz frequencies of the PREIG-K were steeper than the slopes of NAL-NL2 gain, however similar to the slope of manufactures’ fitting formulae.Conclusion: The development of an effective hearing aid fitting formula for improving the communication abilities of hearing-impaired Korean will require further experiments considering the language, physical characteristics, and word recognition used by Koreans.

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Aysa, Zuhragvl, Mijit Ablimit, Hankiz Yilahun, and Askar Hamdulla. "Language Identification-Based Evaluation of Single Channel Speech Separation of Overlapped Speeches." Information 13, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13100492.

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In multi-lingual, multi-speaker environments (e.g., international conference scenarios), speech, language, and background sounds can overlap. In real-world scenarios, source separation techniques are needed to separate target sounds. Downstream tasks, such as ASR, speaker recognition, speech recognition, VAD, etc., can be combined with speech separation tasks to gain a better understanding. Since most of the evaluation methods for monophonic separation are either single or subjective, this paper used the downstream recognition task as an overall evaluation criterion. Thus, the performance could be directly evaluated by the metrics of the downstream task. In this paper, we investigated a two-stage training scheme that combined speech separation and language identification tasks. To analyze and optimize the separation performance of single-channel overlapping speech, the separated speech was fed to a language identification engine to evaluate its accuracy. The speech separation model was a single-channel speech separation network trained with WSJ0-2mix. For the language identification system, we used an Oriental Language Dataset and a dataset synthesized by directly mixing different proportions of speech groups. The combined effect of these two models was evaluated for various overlapping speech scenarios. When the language identification network model was based on single-person single-speech frequency spectrum features, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, and Vietnamese had significantly improved recognition results over the mixed audio spectrum.

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Liu, Cai Xia, Xiao Qing Tian, and Zhi Bin Zhang. "Optimal Space Management Mechanism of Sharable Multi-Channel On-Chip Memory." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.542.

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A kind of shared multi-channel on-chip memory CMP architecture is proposed in this article to efficiently support embedded applications. For the multi-channel on-chip memory being scarce resource, optimal space management mechanism of multi-channel on-chip memory is proposed including automatic space allocation strategy based on application parallelization mapping pattern and optimal space utilization scheme. ILP-model-based analysis of system performance verifies that the proposed optimal space management mechanism can deeply exploit the efficiency of multi-channel on-chip memory to improve system performance.

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Kareem, B., and A. A. Aderoba. "Development of a Heuristics Model for Simplifying a Multi-Channel Queuing System." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.647.

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Queuing model has been discussed widely in literature. The structures of queuing systems are broadly divided into three namely; single, multi-channel, and mixed. Equations for solving these queuing problems vary in complexity. The most complex of them is the multi-channel queuing problem. A heuristically simplified equation based on relative comparison, using proportionality principle, of the measured effectiveness from the single and multi-channel models seems promising in solving this complex problem. In this study, six different queuing models were used from which five of them are single-channel systems while the balance is multi-channel. Equations for solving these models were identified based on their properties. Queuing models’ performance parameters were measured using relative proportionality principle from which complexity of multi-channel system was transformed to a simple linear relation of the form = . This showed that the performance obtained from single channel model has a linear relationship with corresponding to multi-channel, and is a factor which varies with the structure of queuing system. The model was tested with practical data collected on the arrival and departure of customers from a cocoa processing factory. The performances obtained based on average number of customers on line , average number of customers in the system , average waiting time in line and average waiting time in the system, under certain conditions showed no significant difference between using heuristics and analytical models.

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Shi, Chun Guang, Hai Tao Zhao, Yi Tang, and Yun Feng Zhou. "Analysis of the Multi-Channel MAC Protocols in Wireless Networks." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2734.

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This paper discusses the problems that may be encountered in a multi-channel MAC protocol design. Furthermore, the normalization network throughput of multi-channel MAC is analyzed based on a Markov chain model. The simulation shows that compared to single channel 802.11, multi-channel MAC can improve the normalization network throughput. Moreover, the greater is the number of divided sub-channels, the higher is the normalization network throughput.

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Ning, Zhao Long, Yu Huai Peng, and Lei Guo. "Performance Comparison for Routing Protocols in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Multi-Hop Wireless Networks." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5107.

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In this paper, we consider a TDMA-based wireless network and address two major issues, fading and interference, existing in wireless networks since fading will lead to low quality links and interference may lead to unfair channel allocation. Because channel allocation selects the proper channel for each logical link and routing determines through which logical links the packets should be forwarded, there is strong interaction between MAC layer and network layer. In this paper, we seek for the performance trend with more channels allocated and further compare the performances of Bellman-Ford and AODV routing protocols based on the Packet Deliver Rate (PDR) to MAC layer in multi-radio multi-channel multi-hop wireless networks. Numerical results are given and discussions as well as insights into performance aspects for multi-radio multi-channel deployment are provided.

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Zhang, Xiao Yu, Yuan Wu, and Chong Jiang Mo. "Generic and Automatic Multi-Channel Control System." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.310.

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This document mainly describes the control equipment of microwave anechoic chamber RCS measurement system, which can be expanded into a generic and automatic multi-channel control system. The conventional control equipment is mainly operating in manual mode with computer control feature as secondary. Such feature causes the problems of difficult operation, complicated structure and no software portability. This generic control system is designed with DAM-E3000 series of module which is an interface module from generic sensor to computer, uses remote Ethernet connection solution, supports TCP/IP and UDP protocols, and can realize remote I/O control. This generic control system has the automatic control feature through network by using this mentioned module. In addition, the hardware structure design is simplified, and the software portability and expandability are enhanced, so that the codes programming difficulty is lowered. Therefore the system can conform to more industrial I/O signal protocols and can be used widely in various industrial environments.

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Meng, Xiang Jiao, Hui Xin Zhang, and Xiang Hong Li. "The Design of a Multi-Channel Data Acquisition Module Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6589.

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This paper reports the basic principle and implementation process of FPGA-based multi-channel analog signal acquisition module. The emphasis of the full text is the principle of Data acquisition and the system implementation process. Multi-channel data acquisition module is composed of signal conditioning circuit、multi-channel analog multiplexers、A/D conversion and the central control system. The design uses LM324 for input signal conditioning; uses AD's 16 analog input signal chip ADG706 for channel selection; uses AD's 12-bit precision A/D converter AD7492 as the core chip of acquisition module for completing the A/D conversion; uses Xilinx's programmable logic device XC2S100 as part of the core control to achieve control of each module. Under the control of the design software, this design can take advantage of FPGA control multi-channel analog switch、A/D conversion、data compilation and uploading the data to PC to store and analyze.

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Song, Qi, Shan Li, Yan Zhu, and Jun She An. "Design and Research of Multiple Data Channels in Solid State Recorder of the Satellite SJ-10." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1977.

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Space borne high-capacity solid state recorder (SSR) is an inevitable chain of the space scientific data acquirement system. It has become a common device in spacecraft gradually. This paper presents the design and accomplishment of the large capacity SSR design based on NAND flash of the satellite SJ-10. The SSR improves its writing speed significantly by applying multi-pipeline writing technique. External SDRAM is used as the channel cache of the multi-channel data flows to increase the cache capacity and system throughput speed. In addition, the EDAC processing, data flow combining and separating can enhance the stability of the storage system as well as the data efficiently. The implementing of multi-channel has also laid the foundation for file system management of the space borne storage data. The simulation of multi-channel data flow is given in this paper.

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Guo, Ye Cai, Tao Yuan, and Xiu Zai Zhang. "Ka-Band Satellite Channel Multi-State Markov Model Based on Dust Storm Weather and Shadow Multi-Path Effects." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 1786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1786.

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In the existing Ka-band satellite channel model, the weather condition considered in the modeling are relatively ideal, so it can't be used to the dust storm weather well. In order to establish the satellite channel model under the condition of dust storm weather, the satellite channel propagation characteristic of dust storm weather is analyzed firstly. Secondly, the several states of the satellite channel model in the dust storm weather are divided by fuzzy clustering analysis method. Finally, Ka-Band satellite channel multi-state Markov model based on dust storm weather and shadow multi-path effects is established and simulated. The simulation results show that the proposed Ka-band channel model is very agreeable with the measured data.

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Liu, Zhe, Ji Huan, and Xing Hu. "Multi-Channel Probe for Industrial Ethernet Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1476.

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Industrial Ethernet is a fast-developing technology in automation control field. In this paper, the framework of industrial Ethernet measurement system, which consists of probe and parser, is analyzed. A new multi-channel probe of industrial Ethernet is proposed. It is suitable for low-cost distributed measurement applications. Two different working methods and architecture of FPGA internal blocks are illustrated in details. A dedicated frame called “probe-frame” is presented, which involves the information about original frame. At last, an open industrial Ethernet parser is mentioned to analyze the specific frame.

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Gong, Fan Gong, Qiang Wu, Tong Yin, and Qing Shan Liu. "Multi-Channel HDLC Controller Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1365.

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The common method of implementing a HDLC controller is either using an ASIC device or designing it with software. It is easy to implement a HDLC controller with an ASIC device, but it is hard to modify it. The software method introduces a flexible way, but it will occupy a huge amount of CPU resource, and the timing parameters are hard to ensure. Designing HDLC controller with FPGA can take advantage of both speed and flexibility, furthermore, with the programmable ability of FPGA, more than one channel can be implemented in a single FPGA. This paper introduces a HDLC controller design base on Alteras Cyclone III FPGA and Quartus II developing environment. The controller contains four HDLC channels and an interface for PC104 bus. Except the basic HDLC protocol, more functions are added into the controller, such as alterable flag sequence, built-in timer and so on. The design has been fully tested, and has been used in a communication production successfully.

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Wang, Li Feng, Bao Dong Shao, and He Ming Cheng. "Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Multi-Layer Rectangle Micro-Channel Heat Sink for Single-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.286.

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The purpose of this paper is to optimize the structural sizes of multi-layer rectangle micro-channel heat sink, which has been widely used to cool electronic chip for its high heat transfer coefficient and compact structure. Taking the thermal resistance and the pressure drop as goal functions, a binary-objective optimization model was proposed for the multi-layer rectangle micro-channel heat sink based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method. The number of optimized micro-channel in width n1 and that in height n2 are 21 and 7, the width of optimized micro-channel Wc and fin Wf are 340 and 130μm, the height of optimized micro-channel Hc is 415μm, and the corresponding total thermal resistance of the whole micro-channel heat sink is 1.3354 °C/W. The corresponding pressure drop is about 1.3377 Pa. When the velocity of liquid is larger than 0.3 m/s, the effect of change of velocity of liquid on the thermal resistance and pressure drop can be neglected.

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Hang, Juan, and Feng She. "Vector Quantization Multi-User Scheduling in Broadcast Channel." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.53.

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This paper deals with the research on user scheduling algorithm in downlink MIMO systems with limited feedback of channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we use vector quantization to simplify the procedure of user selection. By quantizing MIMO channel into several un-overlapped channel regions, we can get semi-orthogonal region sets with predefined threshold. Then, based on the semi-orthogonal region sets, we present a low complexity user scheduling algorithm. Simulation results show that the achieved sum rate by the presented algorithm can achieve nearly optimal sum rate while with much lower complexity than that of the existing algorithms

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Huang, Cui Cui, Li Hua Sun, and Liang Jun Yu. "Multi-Channel Stepping Motors Driven Based on SCM." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.336.

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Stepper motor is an electromechanical device, which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements, and it is used in varies kinds of automatic control system widely. This paper introduces a driver control system of multi-channel stepping motors based on SCM, the system can realizes the controlling of at most 16 motors with two groups of SCM I/O, and in the system, the motors can work with different rate and excitation manner through the piece selecting function of 74573.

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Wu, Zhao Xia, Yu Cheng Li, Wei Jin, Er Dan Gu, and Wen Chao Li. "The Multi-Channel Filter Based on Photonic Crystal with Circular Resonant Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.423.

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A photonic crystal model with circular resonant cavity is reported in order to achieve high efficiency and multi-channel filtration. Design a multi-channel filter based on its transmission properties. The distributions of the light energy of different wavelengths are given. As a result, the photonic crystal with circular resonant cavity has output efficiency of 75.5%99% and 100% when the wavelength is 1447nm1535nm and 1628nm. As the dielectric constant increases, the output wavelengths change. So, we can use this method to adjust the output wavelengths. Meanwhile, when the centre wavelength is 1447nm and 1535nm the multi-channel filter can output in different directions.

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Li, Yong Ting, Xiao Yan Chen, and Yue Wen Liu. "Multi-Channel ECG Signals Compression Algorithm Using Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 1305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1305.

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Sparse decompression is a new theory for signal processing, having the advantage in that the base (dictionary) used in this theory is over-complete, and can reflect the nature of signa1. So the sparse decompression of signal can get sparse representation, which is very important in data compression. In this paper, a novel ECG compression method for multi-channel ECG signals was introduced based on the Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (S-OMP). The proposed method decomposes multi-channel ECG signals simultaneously into different linear expansions of the same atoms that are selected from a redundant dictionary, which is constructed by Hermite fuctions and Gobar functions in order to the best match the characteristic of the ECG waveform. Compression performance has been tested using a subset of multi-channel ECG records from the St.-Petersburg Institute of Cardiological Technics database, the results demonstrate that much less atoms are selected to present signals and the compression ratio of Multi-channel ECG can achieve better performance in comparison to Simultaneous Matching Pursuit (SMP).

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Pulyala, Ranjith. "Localized Network Reconfiguration Plan for Wireless Mesh Networks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 779–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41305.

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Abstract: Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next-generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. In multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles and/or applications’ bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive, manual network management for their real-time recovery. This paper presents an Autonomous network Reconfiguration System (ARS) that enables a multi-radio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. ARS also improves channel efficiency by more than 90% over the other recovery methods. During their lifetime, multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles, and/or applications’ bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive manual network management for their real-time recovery. By using channel and radio diversities in WMNs, ARS generates necessary changes in local radio and channel assignments in order to recover from failures. Next, based on the thus-generated configuration changes, the system cooperatively reconfigures network settings among local mesh routers. ARS has been evaluated extensively through ns2-based simulation. Our evaluation results show that ARS outperforms existing failure-recovery schemes in improving channel-efficiency by more than 90% and in the ability of meeting the applications’ bandwidth demands by an average of 200%. Keywords: WMN, ARS, AODV, WCETT, ETT, RSVP, DSDV, ETX, ETOPE, BLC

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Ma, Zhi Gang, and Wen Yi Liu. "Design of Data Acquisition System Based on PXI Bus and VC++2008." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2702.

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In order to satisfy the multi-channel space testing requirement, multi-channel (temperature, liquid level, voltage, etc) testing system is designed based on PXI Bus. VC++2008 is adopted for acquisition and control programming, and the testing data can be real-time displayed in the interface. This system has already been successfully implemented in a testing task.

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Wang, Zhi, and Wei Xiang. "Design of Highly Efficient Multi-Point&Multi-Channel Temperature Acquisition System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2095.

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To achieve a high speed multi-point temperature acquisition with a low cost,this paper used the methods as following:In the aspect of hardware,adopted “multi-point&multi-channel” structure(detailed content in main text);In software aspect,by a parallel synchronous fast reading algorithm, this achieved efficient processing.The program learned from the operating system interrupt algorithm to optimize the interrupt program. By experiment, the system achieved the effect of concurrent reading, realized the efficient and precise system operation.

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Liu, Cai Xia, Zhi Bin Zhang, Feng Qi Wei, and Xiao Dong Xu. "Design and Implement of Sharable Multi-Channel On-Chip Memory for Embedded CMP System." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1147.

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A kind of shared multi-channel on-chip memory architecture (SMC-OCM) for embedded CMPs is proposed in this article. To implement SMC-OCM architecture, the sharable multi-channel on-chip memory (MC-OCM) is designed and implemented based on FPGA. The characteristic of multiple data channel of MC-OCM assures good parallel responsiveness of SMC-OCM system. Experiments showed that the access latency of SMC-OCM is lower than that of the-state-of arts. SMC-OCM architecture satisfies the performance requirements for memory system by embedded applications

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Li, Ji, Jin Wei Liu, and Sai Liu. "Forecast and Geological Significance of Main Channel in Songliao Basin Binbei Area Fuyu Oil Layer." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.12.

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For the limitation of seismic data and the difficulty in the identification of main channel in Binbei area. The patterns and methods of two-dimensional seismic data in identifying the main channel are established. It is supplemented by the electrical characteristics of drilling rock to validate which is channel tracking technology of the three-dimensional spectral decomposition. The prediction of Fuyu reservoir main channel is done. The Binbei area has the characteristics of good inheriting, such as multi-material sources and multi-branch. The channel is mainly relying on northern material sources, and also developed western and northeastern material source. Showing meshes characteristics of aggregation and reradiating. Fuyu reservoir's channel sand reservoir is mainly affected by the control of lithology variation belt, flanking occlusion of river bank. Fault truncated block and the vertical block of initial Pan-mudstone and other factors mainly developed three types of oil and gas reservoirs.

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Chen, Rui, Yu Lin Lan, and Mohammad Reza Asharif. "Digital Audio Watermarking Scheme Based on Independent Component Analysis in Stereo Sound." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.469.

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This paper proposed a digital audio watermarking scheme based on independent component analysis (ICA) in stereo sound. In order to make full use of the multi-channel characteristic of stereo sound, The watermarking embedded into the two channel, half respectively. Also using the multi-resolution characteristic of discrete wavelet transform, performing 3-level DWT in each channel. Selecting the low frequency coefficient appropriately as the embed location to make sure of the balance between the transparency and robustness. The extraction process is similar with ICA’ s goal, it’s used in extraction makes the scheme simple for implementation. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme has good robustness against common attacks, as well as transparency

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Kabakchiev, Hristo, Ivan Garvanov, Vera Behar, Dorina Kabakchieva, Kalin Kabakchiev, Hermann Rohling, Krzysztof Kulpa, and Alexander Yarovoy. "Multi-Channel Target Shadow Detection in GPS FSR." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2019-0007.

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Abstract The paper offers new application of a Multi-channel Forward Scatter Radar (MFSR), which uses GPS signals for detection of air targets on their GPS radio shadows. The multi-channel GPS MFSR detector consists of several channels, which process information from several satellites simultaneously. The phenomena of diffraction in the near area is used for shadow target detection. The target is considered to be detected, if it is detected at least in one of detector channels. Two experiments have been made to verify the proposed detection algorithm. The results obtained show that the proposed multi-channel detection algorithm can be successfully used for detection of low-flying air targets at very short distances or the near area of diffraction. Such targets are undetectable in GPS bistatic radar.

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Fu, Hai Yang, Si Shuai Ye, Sheng Tan, and Xiang Dong Jia. "On the 3-Dimensional Channel Capacity Formula and MIMO Theory." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1666.

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As multi-antenna being used in MIMO system to transmit signals with the same carrier frequency, one physical channel will contain multi-virtual independent Rayleigh fading channel (VIRFC), among which very small relative time delay is existed, so the definition in MIMO theory for the independent Rayleigh fading channel (IRFC) in MIMO system is wrong. Based on the Shannon formula and the principle of phase-controlled antenna array, an SHPCA system would be presented in the paper to substitute the MIMO system, as well as the 3-dimensional channel capacity formula with its capacity proportional to the number of antennas and that of space division multiplex (SDM), which would have higher efficiency than Shannon formula. Also the principle and research method to obtain the gain of channel capacity would be given in the paper, so as the simulation results.

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Canta, Traian, and Dan Frunză. "Severe Plastic Deformation Technologies for Ultra Fine Grained Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.33.

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Some of new severe plastic deformation processes as equal channel angular extrusion, and strip shearing are presented as very efficient techniques for grain refinement. Channel geometry, contact friction, strain rate and multi-pass processing versus microstructure and mechanical properties are shown.

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Zhang, Yan Jun, Li Xia Di, Jing Cui, and Jing Yang. "Variable Multi-Channel High Frequency Signal Acquisition System." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.515.

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A flexible system to multi-channel high frequency signal acquisition and transmission was designed. The system took FPGA as the center control logic unit. It could realize real-time acquisition, conditioning, modulus conversion to multi-channel high frequency signal and sent the converted digital signal to the storage device through FIFO. The system could also realize the real-time monitoring, data unpacking and analysis to storaged data by using computer software. FPGA software design adopted VHDL language. The experiment results show that this data acquisition and transmission system is stable and accurate.

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Wang, Xiao Hua, Jia Qing Zhang, and Chao Chun Ou. "Research on Multi-Channel Network Information Interactive Technology." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4930.

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Changes in the development of computing technology and calculation model of a profound impact on the development of human society, the popularity of networks and portable devices today and in the future, desktop computing mode has not been able to adapt to the changes in the development of the computer man-machine relationship changes and user computer method. Pervasive computing is in this context is proposed. The new model emphasizes the computer into people's daily life and working environment, to form a "at any time, everywhere and invisible" computing environment. In such a computing environment, user can calculate the services and information resources through the handheld, wearable devices used or other conventional, unconventional computing devices without obstacles. The innovation from the desktop computing to ubiquitous computing can be seen, human-computer interaction is an important index for pervasive computing.

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Dong, Ji Xian, Zhen Zhang, Rui Dang, and Jian Xiao Lu. "On Structure and Heat-Transfer Mechanism for Multi-Channel Drying Cylinder of Energy-Saving Type." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1326.

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In this paper, the authors explore the structure and operating mechanism of the energy- saving type multi-channel drying cylinder, which can be used in papermaking machine dryer section to effectively reduce the amount of condensate water, and tackle such problem as the water condensation in drying cylinder. This paper theoretically expatiates upon the heat transfer mechanism of the multi-channel drying cylinder of energy-saving type and verifies the theoretical results with numerical simulation approach, which proves that energy-saving type multi-channel drying cylinder can effectively improve the heat transfer efficiency, and increase the productivity of the papermaking machine while the drying cylinder is featured by high cost in manufacturing and non-uniformity in surface temperature because of its peculiarity of configuration, which need to be investigated and improved.

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Shi, Yan Li, Lin Ren, Hai Xia Yu, and Yang Song. "SNR Estimation of OFDM Adaptive System in Gauss Channel." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.325.

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The technology of OFDM is a multi-carrier technology, and it is a kind of high efficient modulation technique, it has the ability of strong anti multi-path propagation and frequency selective fading, and higher frequency spectrum utilization rate, this technology is applicable to high speed data transmission in the multi-path and fading channel environment. This paper introduces the basic principle of OFDM adaptive system, and the SNR estimation of OFDM adaptive system in Gauss channel through the simulation, this is a theoretical foundation to practical application in the future.

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Meng, Qing Sheng, Hong Li Li, and Tao Liu. "Some Remarks on Single-Channel and Multi-Channel Seismic in Offshore Engineering Geological Exploration." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1485.

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Single-channel and multi-channel seismic exploration have become two important geophysical methods in offshore engineering geological investigation. Both of the two methods can present high sensitivity and high resolution information about the strata under the seafloor. However, the single-channel seismic prospecting method has some limitations in high resolution engineering surveys. For example, (1) When the depth of water is relatively shallow, the system cannot get zero offset profile; (2) The reflective events will be distorted if the terrain of the seafloor is complex, and thus make the interpretation much more difficult; (3) We cannot remove the influence of the complex multiples in single-channel seismic data processing; (4) We cannot get the lithological and physical properties directly using single-channel seismic method; and, (5) The spatial resolution of single-channel is also lower than that of multi-channel seismic method. In this paper, we presented some examples, and the above problems have been discussed to compare the two methods. All those can give a good guide for selecting appropriate exploration methods.

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Zhang, Jie, Wei Shi, and Mo Hai Guo. "Multi-Channel Metamaterial Sensor Based on Split Ring Resonator." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.24.

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Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have exotic properties that may not be found in nature, and it provides a novel tool to significantly enhance the sensitivity of sensors, and open new degrees of freedom in sensing design aspect. In this paper, a metamaterial sensor based on microstrip-line-excited SRR is developed, and its properties are analyzed in theory and simulated by full wave simulations. The results show good agreement with the theory. On this basis, single-channel sensor is extended to two channels and even four channels sensor. By observing and comparing the transmission profile by putting different sample on every channel, we found that the multi-channel sensor can work independently and posses good selectivity. Furthermore, the sensitivity of sensor will be greatly enhanced with the increase of SRR thicknesses. This work would pave a new way to design sensor with higher performance.

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Chen, Peng Xiao, Shao Hong Shen, and Xiong Fei Wen. "Remote Sensing Dynamic Monitoring on Illegal Capacity Occupation of Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1124.

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Monitoring the illegally occupied channels is very important for the management and regulations of reservoirs. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient approach to identify the changes in the river course with geographic information system and global position system using multi-temporal remote sensing images. Unlike the traditional river course monitoring system, this approach is mainly based on the change detection information extracting from multi-temporal high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Firstly, change detection from different information of multi-temporal remote sensing images are applied to obtain the change information thematic maps which can be used as working maps for on-site investigation are extracted. Secondly, GPS-RTK measurement technology is used to obtain 3-D position information of the terrain features points in those channel occupied areas. Then, an approach for calculating the volume of the channel occupied area is designed and developed by ArcGIS software using multi-temporal remote sensing images, 3-D position information and historical digital terrain date of channel occupied area. Finally, channel occupied area volume data and thematic maps are acquired by ArcGIS software. The data of reservoir is selected as experimental area, and the experiments have confirmed the high efficiency and accuracy of this approach proposed in this paper.

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Yang, Wei, Qiang Yin, Kun Wang Niu, Jiao Zhang, and Wen Dong Zhang. "Design of a New Multi-Channel High-Low Pressure Micro-Ejection System." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 4313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.4313.

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According to the structural characteristics of the multi-channel high-low pressure micro-ejection system,this paper sets up mathematical model of the trajectory based on the classical trajectory theory,makes numerical analysis to prove the rationality of the structural design,tests the pressure and bullet velocity of the launching system.The results show that the analysis and design methods of the multi-channel high-low pressure micro-ejection system are reasonable and reliable.

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Srisomba, Raviwat, Lazarus Asirvatham, Omid Mahian, Ahmet Dalkılıç, Mohamed Awad, and Somchai Wongwises. "Air-side performance of a micro-channel heat exchanger in wet surface conditions." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part A (2017): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150906227s.

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The effects of operating conditions on the air-side heat transfer, and pressure drop of a micro-channel heat exchanger under wet surface conditions were studied experimentally. The test section was an aluminum micro-channel heat exchanger, consisting of a multi-louvered fin and multi-port mini-channels. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of inlet relative humidity, air frontal velocity, air inlet temperature, and refrigerant temperature on air-side performance. The experimental data were analyzed using the mean enthalpy difference method. The test run was performed at relative air humidities ranging between 45% and 80%; air inlet temperature ranges of 27, 30, and 33?C; refrigerant-saturated temperatures ranging from 18 to 22?C; and Reynolds numbers between 128 and 166. The results show that the inlet relative humidity, air inlet temperature, and the refrigerant temperature had significant effects on heat transfer performance and air-side pressure drop. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for the micro-channel heat exchanger under wet surface conditions are proposed in terms of the Colburn j factor and Fanning f factor.

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Chlebnikovas, Aleksandras. "Experimental investigation of a one-level eight-channel cyclone-separator incorporating quarter-rings." Chemical Industry 75, no. 4 (2021): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind210307024c.

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The main aim of this investigation was an experimental analysis of the air cleaning efficiency in a mock-up next-generation air cleaning device - one-level 8-channel industrial cyclone-separator with quarter-rings - while changing parameters of the inner structure and the assessment of the effects of dispersion of particulate matter. Therefore, the research was carried out in two stages: the first stage covered the analysis of the efficiency of the multi-channel cyclone with particulate matter of <20 and <50 ?m. During the second stage, a cascade impactor was used to measure the particle collection efficiency in the multi-channel cyclone by fractions: PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. Results of the tests with using the cascade impactor were compared to show changes in the PM composition before and after the multi-channel cyclone-separator. According to the obtained experimental data, the one-level 8-channel cyclone-separator collects 70 to 80 % of PM up to 10 ?m in size, 45 to 60 % of PM up to 2.5 ?m in size and 21 to 25 % of PM up to 1 ?m in size.

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Ren, Zheng, Long Zhang, Shao Jian Hu, Zhou Wei, and Yan Ling Shi. "A Novel Nano-Scale Multi-Finger MOSFET DC Model Parameters Extraction Method." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.699.

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A novel Nano-scale scalable multi-finger RF MOSFET model extraction method is presented in this paper. First, Parasitic resistances induced by measuring probe are analyzed, according to which the extraction method of parasitic probe resistor are proposed. Secondly, it is proved that stress effects on the MOS channel scale with finger number. Moreover, Based on experiment data, it is concluded that several MOS instances, finger numbers, channel width and length highly affect the parasitic source and drain resistance of Multi-finger MOS. An empirical scalable model on them has been suggested. A complete flow of model parameters extraction and optimization on nano-scale multi-finger MOSFET is presented.

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Wu, Xiao Bing. "Research of Multi-Channel Hygrothermoscope Acquiring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.177.

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The paper introduces a multipoint remote Hygrothermoscope monitoring system based on the MAX485 bus. The system of remote multipoint temperature control is composed of the host machine and slave machine; the host system for display and control, the slave system is responsible for collecting temperature data. Between master machine and slave machine communicate through the RS-485 bus, can realize the distant control room of the scene monitoring. The STC89C54 MCU is used as the controller and DHT11 is used as the temperate and humidity transducer. The hardware and software of the system are outlined. The system has realized multiple measuring points, easy expansion, and high reliability, anti-interference. The whole system has the advantages of simple circuit, reliable, and can be used for measuring temperature, humidity, temperature of building air conditioning control temperature and humidity monitoring and other fields.

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Lehmann, Stefanie, and Friedel Gerfers. "Channel Analysis for a 6.4 Gb s<sup>−1</sup> DDR5 Data Buffer Receiver Front-End." Advances in Radio Science 15 (September 21, 2017): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-157-2017.

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Abstract. In this contribution, the channel characteristic of the next generation DDR5-SDRAM architecture and possible approaches to overcome channel impairments are analysed. Because modern enterprise server applications and networks demand higher memory bandwidth, throughput and capacity, the DDR5-SDRAM specification is currently under development as a follow-up of DDR4-SDRAM technology. In this specification, the data rate is doubled to DDR5-6400 per IO as compared to the former DDR4-3200 architecture, resulting in a total per DIMM data rate of up to 409.6 Gb s−1. The single-ended multi-point-to-point CPU channel architecture in DDRX technology remains the same for DDR5 systems. At the specified target data rate, insertion loss, reflections, cross-talk as well as power supply noise become more severe and have to be considered. Using the data buffer receiver front-end of a load-reduced memory module, sophisticated equalisation techniques can be applied to ensure target BER at the increased data rate. In this work, the worst case CPU back-plane channel is analysed to derive requirements for receiver-side equalisation from the channel response characteristics. First, channel impairments such as inter-symbol-interference, reflections from the multi-point channel structure, and crosstalk from neighboring lines are analysed in detail. Based on these results, different correction methods for DDR5 data buffer front-ends are discussed. An architecture with 1-tap FFE in combination with a multi-tap DFE is proposed. Simulation of the architecture using a random input data stream is used to reveal the required DFE tap filter depth to effectively eliminate the dominant ISI and reflection based error components.

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Nie, Huai Yong, and Li Na Yue. "The Design of Multi-Channel Rural Information Push Service System." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2602.

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In order to solve the general problems of the majority of rural population access to information and filter information difficultly in China, this paper designed a multi-channel rural information push service system that combined with RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology, e-mail push technology and mobile phone short message push technology ,to achieve a full range of agricultural science and technology information service, in order to provide rural population with various forms, multi-channel information service of science and technology.

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Yang, Yuan, Jian Gang Bi, Yan Peng Gong, and Ning Yang. "The Design of Multiplexer for On-Line Partial Discharge Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2227.

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Partial discharge is an important content of insulation monitoring of high-voltage power equipment, which generates high-frequency signals and real-time monitoring data is of great quantity. Simultaneous detection of multi-channel signals faces technical difficulty, and of high cost and poor reliability, it can also cause unnecessary waste of resources. In accordance with the characteristics and needs of partial discharge monitoring system at substation site, the concept of time-division multiplexing technology in communication technology is adopted into the multi-channel signal acquisition and measuring system, which using multiplexer MAX4638 and virtual instrument. The designed multiplexer for the partial discharge monitoring overcame several shortcomings, such as hardware resources consumption, poor reliability and high cost in multi-channel synchronous acquisition. By using of polling method to achieve one detection device for the time-sharing acquisition and processing of multiple devices or signals, this device can greatly enhance the on-line monitoring system economically and practically in the field application.

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Vetrichelvi, G., and G. Mohan Kumar. "Implementation of ARS-STR in STR for Effective Energy Transmission." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2013.2.1.1854.

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next generation wireless networking. Because of their advantages over other wireless networks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiring numerous applications. In multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles and/or applications bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive, manual network management for their real-time recovery. This paper presents an Autonomous network Reconfiguration System (ARS-STR) that enables a multi-radio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. ARS-STR also improves channel efficiency.

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Zhang, Ben Feng, Hua Feng Li, and Su Nan Li. "Research on Multi-Channel Adjustable DC Power Supply with Single Transformer." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.717.

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To meet the need of multi-channel DC power supply to activate multiple macro fiber composite (MFC) material simultaneously, a novel multi-channel adjustable DC supply using single-input single-output transformer based on spectral separation is proposed. A hybrid signal containing multiple frequency bands is boosted to obtain a high-voltage signal without bands change. Several frequency selection circuits are then used to separate individual signals in different frequency band from the high-voltage signal. Finally, these signals are rectified and filtered respectively to obtain multiple channel DC voltages. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is analyzed theoretically and verified by simulation. Experimental results prove that each part of the scheme runs reliable and the output is stable and adjustable.

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Zhu, Dong Bi, and Dan Dan Zhu. "Performance Analysis of a Multi-Channel MAC with Dynamic CCH Interval in WAVE System." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2621.

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To improve the throughput performance of the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) system, we propose a multi-channel MAC protocol that is able to adaptively adjust the intervals of Control Channel (CCH) and Service Channel (SCH) according to the probability distribution of the reservation time for service packet in CCH Interval. Numerical results show that our protocol can significantly improve the performance of WAVE system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-channel ASR'

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