Journal articles: 'Multi-Antenna Streams'

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YADAV, J. K. S., R. K. GIRI, and L. R. MEENA. "IPWV estimation and data quality analysis from different GNSS antenna." MAUSAM 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i1.1458.

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used now days in variety of applications. The observation file for the near realtime estimation of Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour (IPWV) received at the ground-based receiver is mixed with ambiguities. Multi-path effects affect the positional accuracy as well as range from satellite to ground based receiver of the system. The designing of the antenna suppress the effect of multi-path, cycle slips, number of observations, and signal strength and data gaps within the data streams. This paper presents the preliminary data quality control findings of the Patch antenna (LeicaX1202), 3D Choke ring antenna (LeicaAR25 GNSS) and Trimble Zephyr antenna (TRM 39105.00). The results shows that choke ring antenna have least gaps in the data, cycle slips and multi-path effects along with improvement in IPWV. The signal strength and the number of observations are more in case of 3D choke ring antenna.

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Dilli, Ravilla. "Performance analysis of multi user massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems at millimeter wave frequency bands." Wireless Networks 27, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 1925–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02546-w.

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AbstractMillimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multi-input–multi-output (mMIMO) communications are the most key enabling technologies for next generation wireless networks to have large available spectrum and throughput. mMIMO is a promising technique for increasing the spectral efficiency of wireless networks, by deploying large antenna arrays at the base station (BS) and perform coherent transceiver processing. Implementation of mMIMO systems at mmWave frequencies resolve the issue of high path-loss by providing higher antenna gains. The motivation for this research work is that mmWave and mMIMO operations will be much more popular in 5G NR, considering the wide deployment of mMIMO in major frequency bands as per 3rd generation partnership project. In this paper, a downlink multi-user mMIMO (MU-mMIMO) hybrid beamforming communication system is designed with multiple independent data streams per user and accurate channel state information. It emphasizes the hybrid precoding at transmitter and combining at receiver of a mmWave MU-mMIMO hybrid beamforming system. Results of this research work give the tradeoff between multiple data streams per user and required number of BS antennas. It strongly recommends for higher number of parallel data streams per user in a mmWave MU-mMIMO systems to achieve higher order throughputs.

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Bashar, Dr Abul. "Artificial Intelligence Based LTE MIMO Antenna for 5th Generation Mobile Networks." September 2020 2, no. 3 (June 13, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2020.3.002.

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Artificial intelligence based long term evolution multi in multi output antenna supporting the fifth generation mobile networks is put forth in the paper. The mechanism laid out in paper is devised using the monopole-antenna integrated with the switchable pattern. The long term evolution based multiple input and multiple output antenna is equipped with four antennas and capable of providing a four concurrent data streams quadrupling the theoretical maximum speed of data transfer allowing the base station to convey four diverse signals through four diverse transmit antennas for a single user equipment. The utilization of the long term evolution multiple input multiple output is capable of utilizing the multi-trial broadcasting to offer betterments in the signal performance as well as throughput and spectral efficiency when used along the fifth generation mobile networks. So the paper proposes the artificial intelligence based long term evolution multiple input multiple output four transmit antenna with four diverse signal transmission capacity that is operating in the frequency of 3.501 Gigahertz frequency. The laid out design is evaluated using the Multi-input Multi output signal analyzer to acquire the capacity of the passive conveyance of the various antennas with the diverse combination of patterns. The outcomes observed enables the artificial intelligence antenna to identify the choicest antenna to be integrated in the diverse environments for improving the throughput, signal performance and the data conveyance speed.

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Dilli, Ravilla. "Design and Feasibility Verification of 6G Wireless Communication Systems with State of the Art Technologies." International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 29, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-021-00546-3.

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AbstractFrequencies above 100 GHz are the promising frequency bands for 6G wireless communication systems because of the abundant unexplored and unused spectrum. The increasing global demand for ultra-high spectral efficiencies, data rates, speeds and bandwidths in next-generation wireless networks motivates the exploration of peak capabilities of massive MIMO (Multi–Input–Multi–Output) wireless access technology at THz bands (0.1–10 THz). The smaller wavelengths (order of microns) of these frequencies give an advantage of making high gain antennas with smaller physical dimensions and allows massive spatial multiplexing. This paper presents the design of ultra-massive MIMO (ultra-mMIMO) hybrid beamforming system for multi users and its feasibility to function at THz frequency bands. The functionality of the proposed system is verified at higher order modulation schemes to achieve higher spectral efficiencies using performance metrics that includes error vector magnitude, symbol constellations, and antenna array radiation beams. The performance results suggest to use a particular mMIMO antenna configuration based on number of independent data streams per user and strongly recommended to use higher number of data streams per user in order to achieve higher throughputs that satisfy the needs of 6G wireless systems. Also the performance of the proposed system at 0.14 THz is compared with mmWave systems that operate at 28 GHz and 73 GHz bands to justify the feasibility of the proposed work.

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Alausta, Gamal M. "Comparative Study of Different Antenna Configurations for the MIMOOSTBC Technique Using FEC and the Rayleigh Fading Channel." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 7 (November 4, 2020): 1022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096507666200122094614.

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Background: Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems using Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) gained extensive popularity in wireless applications owing to the potential of providing improved reliability. Methods: The performance of MIMO - OSTBC systems using error-correcting code (Convolutional, Reed Solomon and Interleaving) schemes used to encode data streams in wireless communications using the Rayleigh channel is reported here. These are subjected to experimentation under modulation schemes such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). Decoding occurs using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm, which provides high data rates using spatial domains under the limits of power transmission and limited bandwidths. Results: Different simulations are performed to detect the best BER performance for various antenna configurations and values of antenna configurations with Error Correction so as to use the best outcomes to model the OSTBC. Conclusion: Their effect of improving the overall can be noticed by the advantages of OSTBC with the correcting codes and the maximum number of configurations.

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Nguyen, Hieu, Van Duc Nguyen, Trung Kien Nguyen, Kiattisak Maichalernnukul, Feng Zheng, and Thomas Kaiser. "On the Performance of the Time Reversal SM-MIMO-UWB System on Correlated Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/929018.

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The impact of spatial correlation on the multi-input multi-output ultrawide band (MIMO-UWB) system using the time reversal (TR) technique is investigated. Thanks to TR, several data streams can be transmitted by using only one antenna in a system named virtual MIMO-TRUWB. Since the virtual MIMO-TR-UWB system is not affected by the transmit correlation, under the condition of the high spatial correlation, it outperforms the true MIMO-UWB system with multiple transmit antennas. The channel measurements are performed in short-range indoor environment, both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight to verify the adopted correlated channel model.

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Lee, Woon-Sang, Jae-Hyun Ro, Young-Hwan You, Duckdong Hwang, and Hyoung-Kyu Song. "An Enhanced Precoder for Multi User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Downlink Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 4547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134547.

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Recently, as the demand for data rate of users has increased, wireless communication systems have aimed to offer high throughput. For this reason, various techniques which guarantee high performance have been invented, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). However, the implementation of huge base station (BS) antenna array and decrease of reliability as the number of users increases are chief obstacles. In order to mitigate these problems, this paper proposes an adaptive precoder which provides high throughput and bit error rate (BER) performances to achieve the desired data rate in multi user (MU) MIMO downlink systems which have a practical BS antenna array (up to 16). The proposed scheme is optimized with a modified minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion in order to improve BER gain and reduce data streams in order to obtain diversity gain at low signal to noise ratio (SNR). It is shown that the BER and throughput performances of the proposed scheme are improved.

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Megson, Gavin, Sabyasachi Gupta, Syed Muhammad Hashir, Ehsan Aryafar, and Joseph Camp. "An Experiment-Based Comparison between Fully Digital and Hybrid Beamforming Radio Architectures for Many-Antenna Full-Duplex Wireless Communication." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010059.

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Full-duplex (FD) communication in many-antenna base stations (BSs) is hampered by self-interference (SI). This is because a FD node’s transmitting signal generates significant interference to its own receiver. Recent works have shown that it is possible to reduce/eliminate this SI in fully digital many-antenna systems, e.g., through transmit beamforming by using some spatial degrees of freedom to reduce SI instead of increasing the beamforming gain. On a parallel front, hybrid beamforming has recently emerged as a radio architecture that uses multiple antennas per FR chain. This can significantly reduce the cost of the end device (e.g., BS) but may also reduce the capacity or SI reduction gains of a fully digital radio system. This is because a fully digital radio architecture can change both the amplitude and phase of the wireless signal and send different data streams from each antenna element. Our goal in this paper is to quantify the performance gap between these two radio architectures in terms of SI cancellation and system capacity, particularly in multi-user MIMO setups. To do so, we experimentally compare the performance of a state-of-the-art fully digital many antenna FD solution to a hybrid beamforming architecture and compare the corresponding performance metrics leveraging a fully programmable many-antenna testbed and collecting over-the-air wireless channel data. We show that SI cancellation through beam design on a hybrid beamforming radio architecture can achieve capacity within 16% of that of a fully digital architecture. The performance gap further shrinks with a higher number of quantization bits in the hybrid beamforming system.

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Urquiza Villalonga, David Alejandro, Hatem OdetAlla, M. Julia Fernández-Getino García, and Adam Flizikowski. "Spectral Efficiency of Precoded 5G-NR in Single and Multi-User Scenarios under Imperfect Channel Knowledge: A Comprehensive Guide for Implementation." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244237.

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Digital precoding techniques have been widely applied in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to enhance spectral efficiency (SE) which is crucial in 5G New Radio (NR). Therefore, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed codebook-based MIMO precoding strategies to achieve a good trade-off between performance, complexity, and signal overhead. This paper aims to evaluate the performance bounds in SE achieved by the 5G-NR precoding matrices in single-user (SU) and multi-user (MU) MIMO systems, namely Type I and Type II, respectively. The implementation of these codebooks is covered providing a comprehensive guide with a detailed analysis. The performance of the 5G-NR precoder is compared with theoretical precoding techniques such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and block-diagonalization to quantify the margin of improvement of the standardized methods. Several configurations of antenna arrays, number of antenna ports, and parallel data streams are considered for simulations. Moreover, the effect of channel estimation errors on the system performance is analyzed in both SU and MU-MIMO cases. For a realistic framework, the SE values are obtained for a practical deployment based on a clustered delay line (CDL) channel model. These results provide valuable insights for system designers about the implementation and performance of the 5G-NR precoding matrices.

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Du, Jianhe, Meng Han, Yan Hua, Yuanzhi Chen, and Heyun Lin. "A Robust Semi-Blind Receiver for Joint Symbol and Channel Parameter Estimation in Multiple-Antenna Systems." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050550.

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For multiple-antenna systems, the technologies of joint symbol and channel parameter estimation have been developed in recent works. However, existing technologies have a number of problems, such as performance degradation and the large cost of prior information. In this paper, a tensor space-time coding scheme in multiple-antenna systems was considered. This scheme allowed spreading, multiplexing, and allocating information symbols associated with multiple transmitted data streams. We showed that the received signal was formulated as a third-order tensor satisfying a Tucker-2 model, and then a robust semi-blind receiver was developed based on the optimized Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Under the assumption that the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is unknown at the receiving end, the proposed semi-blind receiver jointly estimates the information symbol and channel parameters efficiently. The proposed receiver had a better estimation performance compared with existing semi-blind receivers, and still performed well when the channel became strongly correlated. Moreover, the proposed semi-blind receiver could be extended to the multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for joint symbol and channel estimation. Computer simulation results were shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed receiver.

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Gorbunova, Anastasiya, Ekaterina Medvedeva, Yuliya Gaidamaka Yu. V., Vsevolod Shorgin, and Konstantin Samouylov. "Effective user service strategies in a multi-user MIMO system." Information and Control Systems, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2019-4-69-81.

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Introduction: One of the main advantages of multiple antenna systems is the support of multi-user connections, simultaneouslytransmitting parallel data streams. This can significantly increase the overall system throughput. However, the spectral efficiency can be additionally increased through the usage of various dynamic strategies which take into account the current state of the system.Here we propose a method to evaluate the effectiveness of such strategies with the help of appropriate mathematical models. Purpose:Development of mathematical models for a multi-user MIMO system which would allow you to evaluate the average delay of a filetransfer. Results: Mathematical models of the MIMO system are presented in the form of discrete/continuous time queuing systemsfor three user service strategies. We provide formulas for estimating the average file transfer delay in a closed form, which simplifynumerical analysis as compared to the well-known methods using mathematical models in continuous time. This method allows you tofind the most effective strategy with less computational complexity. Another advantage of the constructed models is the opportunityof further research on the effect of file length distributions on the file transfer delay. The conclusions we made about the effectivenessof each strategy are consistent with our earlier work, which is confirmed by a numerical example. Practical relevance: The developedmathematical models for a multi-user MIMO system can be used to set the operating parameters of a real wireless MIMO system.

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Lu, An-An, Yan Chen, and Xiqi Gao. "Broad Coverage Precoding for 3D Massive MIMO with Huge Uniform Planar Arrays." Entropy 23, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070887.

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In this paper, we propose a novel broad coverage precoder design for three-dimensional (3D) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equipped with huge uniform planar arrays (UPAs). The desired two-dimensional (2D) angle power spectrum is assumed to be separable. We use the per-antenna constant power constraint and the semi-unitary constraint which are widely used in the literature. For normal broad coverage precoder design, the dimension of the optimization space is the product of the number of antennas at the base station (BS) and the number of transmit streams. With the proposed method, the design of the high-dimensional precoding matrices is reduced to that of a set of low-dimensional orthonormal vectors, and of a pair of low-dimensional vectors. The dimensions of the vectors in the set and the pair are the number of antennas per column and per row of the UPA, respectively. We then use optimization methods to generate the set of orthonormal vectors and the pair of vectors, respectively. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed broad coverage precoding matrices achieve nearly the same performance as the normal broad coverage precoder with much lower computational complexity.

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Zhang, Wei, Bin Li, Mingnan Le, Jun Wang, and Jinye Peng. "Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 5396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245396.

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Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that (1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; (2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and (3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

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Khan, Imran, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Madini O. Alassafi, Majid Ashraf, Yongming Huang, Jeong Kim, and Jin Hong Kim. "An Efficient Algorithm for mmWave MIMO Systems." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060786.

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Efficient and Symmetry based precoding plays a key role in wireless communications. In order to improve the transmission performance of multi-user millimeter wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) (MU-mmWave MIMO) systems, this paper proposes an analog precoding scheme for the receiver of mmWave MIMO with split sub-array hybrid analog and digital architecture. Then, we propose a hybrid analog and digital precoding algorithm based on channel reciprocity (APoCR) to maximize the spectral efficiency by utilizing the triple joint optimization problem, which can be divided into the analog and digital part. The analog combination vectors (ACVs) are obtained by the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) reception maximization of each downlink user and the analog precoding vectors (APVs) are obtained by the SINR reception maximization of each uplink antenna array. The digital precoder of the transmitter is designed after the analog part optimization to alleviate the interference between multiple data streams of the users. The simulation results show that the proposed precoding algorithm has a better sum rate, fast convergence, and improved SINR than the other state-of-the-art algorithms.

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Putri, Hasanah, Tri Nopiani Damayanti, and Rohmat Tulloh. "Analysis of Mobility Impacts on LTE Network for Video Streaming Services using Distributed Antenna System." IJAIT (International Journal of Applied Information Technology) 1, no. 02 (December 7, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijait.v1i02.1044.

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LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology that allows high speed and a wide range of access. LTE is designed to meet the needs for Quality of Service (QoS), i.e. the ability to download up to 300 Mbps and upload up to 75 Mbps. This study investigated the impacts of user mobility on the LTE network for video streaming services. The approach employed in this study included multi-user with Distributed AntennaSystem (DAS) and various variations of user mobility speed. Observations were made on the condition of the user moving from one cell to another so that the handover occurred. The throughput value will increase by 33% and 47% when the userâ€™s distances are respectively 1250 m and 2000 m from eNode B. In addition, the delay value will reduce by 66.32% an 67.58% when the userâ€™s distances are respectively 1250 m and 2000 m from eNode B. Moreover, the PDR value will increase by 48.74% and 55.45% when the userâ€™s distances are respectively 1250 m and 2000 m from eNode B. The use of a distributed antenna system (DAS) model on LTE network has resulted in improved quality of performance when the user streams a video.

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Deepa, S., J. Jeneetha Jebanazer, S. Rajakumar, J. Mercy Sheeba, and J. Rryan. "Investigations on spectral efficiency of muticellnetworks using hybrid beamforming." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp826-835.

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<span>Millimeter wave communication systems with antenna beamforming facilitates practical solutions to the capacity crunch issues in the upcoming 5G wireless networks. Multi-cell dense networks are prone to three major interferences-inter-cell, intra-cell and Inter layer interference-the most dominating being the inter-cell interference. This paper focuses to alleviate inter-cell interference using hybrid beamforming (HBF) approach, leveraging coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technique, thereby improving the SE of 5G networks. Simulation results show HBFpeforms in par with optimal weights, making it a suitable candidate for 5G networks. As the number of data streams is increased from Ns=1 to 4 for 0 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) with Nt=64 and Nr=16, the SE increases from 9.5557 bits/s/Hz to 26.423 bits/s/Hz for optimal weights and from 9.1885 bits/s/Hz to 19.763 bits/s/Hz and hybrid weights, respectively. The second set of experiments are conducted to study the effect of number of transmit antennas on spectral efficiency (SE). The results show that as the number of transmit antennas is increased from Nt=16 to 64 for 0 dB SNR, with Nr=16 and Ns=4, the SE increases from 17.735 bits/s/Hz to 26.423 bits/s/Hz and 13.750 bits/s/Hz to 19.763 bits/s/Hz for optimal weights and hybrid weights, respectively.</span>

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Lazar, Aurel A., Tingkai Liu, and Chung-Heng Yeh. "The functional logic of odor information processing in the Drosophila antennal lobe." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): e1011043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011043.

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Recent advances in molecular transduction of odorants in the Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSNs) of the Drosophila Antenna have shown that the odorant object identity is multiplicatively coupled with the odorant concentration waveform. The resulting combinatorial neural code is a confounding representation of odorant semantic information (identity) and syntactic information (concentration). To distill the functional logic of odor information processing in the Antennal Lobe (AL) a number of challenges need to be addressed including 1) how is the odorant semantic information decoupled from the syntactic information at the level of the AL, 2) how are these two information streams processed by the diverse AL Local Neurons (LNs) and 3) what is the end-to-end functional logic of the AL? By analyzing single-channel physiology recordings at the output of the AL, we found that the Projection Neuron responses can be decomposed into a concentration-invariant component, and two transient components boosting the positive/negative concentration contrast that indicate onset/offset timing information of the odorant object. We hypothesized that the concentration-invariant component, in the multi-channel context, is the recovered odorant identity vector presented between onset/offset timing events. We developed a model of LN pathways in the Antennal Lobe termed the differential Divisive Normalization Processors (DNPs), which robustly extract the semantics (the identity of the odorant object) and the ON/OFF semantic timing events indicating the presence/absence of an odorant object. For real-time processing with spiking PN models, we showed that the phase-space of the biological spike generator of the PN offers an intuit perspective for the representation of recovered odorant semantics and examined the dynamics induced by the odorant semantic timing events. Finally, we provided theoretical and computational evidence for the functional logic of the AL as a robust ON-OFF odorant object identity recovery processor across odorant identities, concentration amplitudes and waveform profiles.

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Bagde, Vandana, and Dethe C. G. "Performance improvement of space diversity technique using space time block coding for time varying channels in wireless environment." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 10, no. 2/3 (June 8, 2020): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-04-2019-0026.

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PurposeA recent innovative technology used in wireless communication is recognized as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system and became popular for quicker data transmission speed. This technology is being examined and implemented for the latest broadband wireless connectivity networks. Though high-capacity wireless channel is identified, there is still requirement of better techniques to get increased data transmission speed with acceptable reliability. There are two types of systems comprising of multi-antennas placed at transmitting and receiving sides, of which first is diversity technique and another is spatial multiplexing method. By making use of these diversity techniques, the reliability of transmitting signal can be improved. The fundamental method of the diversity is to transform wireless channel such as Rayleigh fading into steady additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel which is devoid of any disastrous fading of the signal. The maximum transmission speed that can be achieved by spatial multiplexing methods is nearly equal to channel capacity of MIMO. Conversely, for diversity methods, the maximum speed of broadcasting is much lower than channel capacity of MIMO. With the advent of space–time block coding (STBC) antenna diversity technique, higher-speed data transmission is achievable for spatially multiplexed multiple input multiple output (SM-MIMO) system. At the receiving end, detection of the signal is a complex task for system which exhibits SM-MIMO. Additionally, a link modification method is implemented to decide appropriate coding and modulation scheme such as space diversity technique STBC to use two-way radio resources efficiently. The proposed work attempts to improve detection of signal at receiving end by employing STBC diversity technique for linear detection methods such as zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) and maximum likelihood detection (MLD). The performance of MLD has been found to be better than other detection techniques.Design/methodology/approachAlamouti's STBC uses two transmit antennas regardless of the number of receiver antennas. The encoding and decoding operation of STBC is shown in the earlier cited diagram. In the following matrix, the rows of each coding scheme represent a different time instant, while the columns represent the transmitted symbols through each different antenna. In this case, the first and second rows represent the transmission at the first and second time instant, respectively. At a time t, the symbol s1 and symbol s2 are transmitted from antenna 1 and antenna 2, respectively. Assuming that each symbol has duration T, then at time t + T, the symbols –s2* and s1*, where (.)* denotes the complex conjugate, are transmitted from antenna 1 and antenna 2, respectively. Case of one receiver antenna: The reception and decoding of the signal depend on the number of receiver antennas available. For the case of one receiver antenna, the received signals are received at antenna 1 , hij is the channel transfer function from the jth transmit antenna and the ith receiver antenna, n1 is a complex random variable representing noise at antenna 1 and x (k) denotes x at time instant k ( at time t + (k – 1)T.FindingsThe results obtained for maximal ratio combining (MRC) with 1 × 4 scheme show that the BER curve drops to 10–4 for signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of 10 dB, whereas for MRC 1 × 2 scheme, the BER drops down to 10–5 for SNR of 20 dB. Results obtained in Table 1 show that when STBC is employed for MRC with 1 × 2 scheme (one antenna at transmitter node and two antennas at receiver node), BER curve comes down to 0.0076 for Eb/N0 of 12. Similarly, when MRC with 1 × 4 antenna scheme is implemented, BER drops down to 0 for Eb/N0 of 12. Thus, it can be concluded from the obtained graph that the performance of MRC with STBC gives improved results. When STBC technique is used with 3 × 4 scheme, at SNR of 10 dB, BER comes nearer to 10–6 (figure 7.3). It can be concluded from the analytics observed between AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel that for AWGN channel, BER is found to be equal to 0 for SNR value of 13.5 dB, whereas for Rayleigh fading channel, BER is observed nearer to 10–3 for Eb/N0 = 15. Simulation results (in figure 7.2) from the analytics show BER drops to 0 for SNR value of 12 dB.Research limitations/implicationsOptimal design and successful deployment of high-performance wireless networks present a number of technical challenges. These include regulatory limits on useable radio-frequency spectrum and a complex time-varying propagation environment affected by fading and multipath. The effect of multipath fading in wireless systems can be reduced by using antenna diversity. Previous studies show the performance of transmit diversity with narrowband signals using linear equalization, decision feedback equalization, maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and spread spectrum signals using a RAKE receiver. The available IC techniques compatible with STBC schemes at transmission require multiple antennas at the receiver. However, if this not a strong constraint at the base station level, it remains a challenge at the handset level due to cost and size limitation. For this reason, SAIC technique, alternative to complex ML multiuser demodulation technique, is still of interest for 4G wireless networks using the MIMO technology and STBC in particular. In a system with characteristics similar to the North American Digital mobile radio standard IS-54 (24.3 K symbols per sec. with an 81 Hz fading rate), adaptive retransmission with time deviation is not practical.Practical implicationsThe evaluation of performance in terms of bit error rate and convergence time which estimates that MLD technique outperforms in terms of received SNR and low decoding complexity. MLD technique performs well but when higher number of antennas are used, it requires more computational time and thereby resulting in increased hardware complexity. When MRC scheme is implemented for singe input single output (SISO) system, BER drops down to 10–2 for SNR of 20 dB. Therefore, when MIMO systems are employed for MRC scheme, improved results based on BER versus SNR are obtained and are used for detecting the signal; comparative study based on different techniques is done. Initially ZF detection method is utilized which was then modified to ZF with successive interference cancellation (ZFSIC). When successive interference cancellation scheme is employed for ZFSIC, better performance is observed as compared to the estimation of ML and MMSE. For 2 × 2 scheme with QPSK modulation method, ZFSIC requires more computational time as compared to ZF, MMSE and ML technique. From the obtained results, the conclusion is that ZFSIC gives the improved results as compared to ZF in terms of BER ratio. ZF-based decision statistics can be produced by the detection algorithm for a desired sub-stream from the received vector whichs consist of an interference which occurred from previous transmitted sub-streams. Consequently, a decision on the secondary stream is made and contribution of the noise is regenerated and subtracted from the vector received. With no involvement of interference cancellation, system performance gets reduced but computational cost is saved. While using cancellation, as H is deflated, coefficients of MMSE are recalculated at each iteration. When cancellation is not involved, the computation of MMSE coefficients is done only once, because of H remaining unchanged. For MMSE 4 × 4 BPSK scheme, bit error rate of 10–2 at 30 dB is observed. In general, the most thorough procedure of the detection algorithm is the computation of the MMSE coefficients. Complexity arises in the calculation of the MMSE coefficients, when the antennas at the transmitting side are increased. However, while implementing adaptive MMSE receivers on slow channel fading, it is probable to recover the signal with the complications being linear in the antennas of transmitter node. The performance of MMSE and successive interference cancellation of MMSE are observed for 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 BPSK and QPSK modulation schemes. The drawback of MMSE SIC scheme is that the first detected signal observes the noise interference from (NT-1) signals, while signals processed from every antenna later observe less noisy interference as the process of cancellation progresses. This difficulty could be overcome by using OSIC detection method which uses successive ordering of the processed layers in the decreasing power of the signal or by power allocation to the signal transmitted depending on the order of the processing. By using successive scheme, a computation of NT delay stages is desired to bring out the abandoned process. The work also includes comparison of BER with various modulation schemes and number of antennas involved while evaluating the performance. MLD determines the Euclidean distance among the vector signal received and result of all probable transmitted vector signals with the specified channel H and finds the one with the minimum distance. Estimated results show that higher order of the diversity is observed by employing more antennas at both the receiving and transmitting ends. MLD with 8 × 8 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) scheme offers bit error rate near to 10–4 for SNR (16 dB). By using Altamonti space ti.Social implicationsIt should come as no surprise that companies everywhere are pushing to get products to market faster. Missing a market window or a design cycle can be a major setback in a competitive environment. It should be equally clear that this pressure is coming at the same time that companies are pushing towards “leaner” organizations that can do more with less. The trends mentioned earlier are not well supported by current test and measurement equipment, given this increasingly high-pressure design environment: in order to measure signals across multiple domains, multiple pieces of measurement equipment are needed, increasing capital or rental expenses. The methods available for making cross-domain, time-correlated measurements are inefficient, reducing engineering efficiency. When only used on occasion, the learning curve to understand how to use equipment for logic analysis, time domain and RF spectrum measurements often requires an operator to re-learn each piece of separate equipment. The equipment needed to measure wide bandwidth, time-varying spectral signals is expensive, again increasing capital or rental expenses. What is needed is a measurement instrument with a common user interface that integrates multiple measurement capabilities into a single cost-effective tool that can efficiently measure signals in the current wide-bandwidth, time-correlated, cross-domain environments. The market of wireless communication using STBCs has large scope of expansion in India. Therefore, the proposed work has techno-commercial potential and the product can be patented. This project shall in turn be helpful for remote areas of the nearby region particularly in Gadchiroli district and Melghat Tiger reserve project of Amravati district, Nagjira and so on where electricity is not available and there is an all the time problem of coverage in getting the network. In some regions where electricity is available, the shortage is such that they cannot use it for peak hours. In such cases, stand-alone space diversity technique, STBC shall help them to meet their requirements in making connection during coverage problem, thereby giving higher data transmission rates with better QOS (quality of service) with least dropped connections. This trend towards wireless everywhere is causing a profound change in the responsibilities of embedded designers as they struggle to incorporate unfamiliar RF technology into their designs. Embedded designers frequently find themselves needing to solve problems without the proper equipment needed to perform the tasks.Originality/valueWork is original.

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Bjornson, Emil, Marios Kountouris, Mats Bengtsson, and Bjorn Ottersten. "Receive Combining vs. Multi-Stream Multiplexing in Downlink Systems With Multi-Antenna Users." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 61, no. 13 (July 2013): 3431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2013.2260331.

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Rajani Kumari, P., K. Chenna Kesava Reddy, and K. S. Ramesh. "Hybrid Low Complex near Optimal Detector for Spatial Modulation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp818-822.

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In our previous work maximum throughput in multi stream MIMO is analyzed by overcoming the inter antenna interference. To mitigate the Inter antenna interference spatial modulation can be used. Spatial Modulation(SM) aided MIMO systems are the emerging MIMO systems which are low complex and energy efficient. These systems additionally use spatial dimensions for transmitting information. In this paper a low complex detector based on matched filter is proposed for spatial modulation to achieve near maximum likelihood performance while avoiding exhaustive ML search since MF based detector exhibits a considerable reduced complexity since activated transmitting antenna and modulated amplitude phase modulation constellation are estimated separately. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed method with optimal ML detector, MRC and conventional matched filter methods.

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Zhou, Xingyu, Bo Bai, and Wei Chen. "Iterative Antenna Selection for Multi-Stream MIMO under a Holistic Power Model." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 3, no. 1 (February 2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcl.2013.111713.130754.

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Klemes, Marek. "Reception of OAM Radio Waves Using Pseudo-Doppler Interpolation Techniques: A Frequency-Domain Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061082.

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This paper presents a practical method of receiving waves having orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the far field of an antenna transmitting multiple OAM modes, each carrying a separate data stream at the same radio frequency (RF). The OAM modes are made to overlap by design of the transmitting antenna structure. They are simultaneously received at a known far-field distance using a minimum of two antennas separated by a short distance tangential to the OAM conical beams’ maxima and endowed with different pseudo-Doppler frequency shifts by a modulating arrangement that dynamically interpolates their phases between the two receiving antennas. Subsequently down-converted harmonics of the pseudo-Doppler shifted spectra are linearly combined by sets of weighting coefficients which effectively separate each OAM mode in the frequency domain, resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) than possible using spatial-domain OAM reception techniques. Moreover, no more than two receiving antennas are necessary to separate any number of OAM modes in principle, unlike conventional MIMO (Multi-Input, Multi-Output) which requires at least K antennas to resolve K spatial modes.

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Li, Xin Min, Bao Ming Bai, and Juan Zhao. "SDR-Based Precoding for Multi-User Multi-Stream MIMO Downlinks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2004.

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The existing methods based on convex-optimization theory, which use the concept of SINR, can just design the optimal precoder for each user with single antenna. In this paper, we design the optimal precoding matrices for multi-user MIMO downlinks by solving the optimization problem that minimizes total transmit power subject to signal-leakage-plus-noise-ratio (SLNR) constraints. Because SLNR of each user is determined by its own precoding matrix and is independent of other users, the goal problem can be separated into a series of decoupled low-complexity quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs). Using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, these QCQPs can be reformulated into the semidefinite programs (SDP) and be solved effectively. Simulation results show that proposed precoding scheme is quite feasible when each user has two receive antennas, and it has better bit error rate (BER) performance than the original maximal-SLNR precoding scheme when SLNR of each user satisfies large threshold value.

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Tarafder, Pulok, and Wooyeol Choi. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Coordinated Beamforming for mmWave Massive MIMO Vehicular Networks." Sensors 23, no. 5 (March 3, 2023): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052772.

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As a critical enabler for beyond fifth-generation (B5G) technology, millimeter wave (mmWave) beamforming for mmWave has been studied for many years. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, which is the baseline for beamforming operation, rely heavily on multiple antennas to stream data in mmWave wireless communication systems. High-speed mmWave applications face challenges such as blockage and latency overhead. In addition, the efficiency of the mobile systems is severely impacted by the high training overhead required to discover the best beamforming vectors in large antenna array mmWave systems. In order to mitigate the stated challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based coordinated beamforming scheme where multiple base stations serve one mobile station (MS) jointly. The constructed solution then uses a proposed DRL model and predicts the suboptimal beamforming vectors at the base stations (BSs) out of possible beamforming codebook candidates. This solution enables a complete system that facilitates highly mobile mmWave applications with dependable coverage, minimal training overhead, and low latency. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm remarkably increases the achievable sum rate capacity for the highly mobile mmWave massive MIMO scenario while ensuring low training and latency overhead.

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Mvodo Martin Paulin, Zanga, Koko Same Louis Christian, and Essiben Dikoundou Jean-François. "Linear precoder optimization of spectral efficiency of time division duplex hyper MIMO system with pilot contamination." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1520-1528.

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Our work is developed in context of studing Massive MIMO in a 5G context. The aim is to optimize spectral efficiency of several users hyper MIMO system during Uplink communication in a multi-cell contaminated pilot environment, using a new type of precoders called single cell-minimum mean square eroor (S-MMSE) and multicell-minimum mean square eroor (MMMSE). Indeed, we address two key and well-known issues of massive multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) environments in a test-driven development (TDD) operation scheme, namely acquisition of uplink channel state information (UL) and optimisation of the bit stream per unit frequency, the spectral efficiency (SE). From a practical point of view, these two notions are inclusively linked. Indeed, a very good channel estimation leads to a better spectral efficiency. In our approcah, we derive from the minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE) to two new types of precoders that can operate in a multicell environment with a contaminated pilot sequence, namely the SMMSE and the M-MMSE. A comparative study performance of these classical precoders such as regulated zero forcing (RZF), ZF (Zero Forcing) and MR (Minimum Ratio) encountered in multi-antenna processing shows an improvement of nearly 51% in terms of system gain and spectral efficiency.

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Чирков, О. Н. "ESTIMATION METHODS OF A CHANNEL WITH SPATIAL MODULATION BASED ON CORRELATION." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 4 (October 20, 2021): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.17.4.014.

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Рассматриваются методы оценки канала связи с пространственной модуляцией. Данный вид модуляции представляет собой методику однопотоковой передачи данных с несколькими входами и несколькими выходами (MIMO), при которой одновременно активируется только одна передающая антенна. Пространственная модуляция позволяет добиться полного исключения межканальных помех, а также демонстрирует большую экономию энергии в радиочастотной цепи. Однако, в отличие от многопоточных систем MIMO, оценка канала для пространственной модуляции становится проблемой, поскольку канал MIMO не может быть оценен на одном этапе передачи по единственному потоку. На основании этого факта была предложена новая схема оценки канала, которая использует корреляцию каналов и совместно оценивает каналы для разных передающих антенн. Предложенный метод обеспечивает тот же период оценки, что и многопоточные схемы MIMO. Исследовано изменение количества передаваемых пилот-сигналов при пространственной модуляции как для традиционных, так и для новых методов оценки канала связи. Уравновешивая точность и объем данных, можно достичь оптимального отношения пилот-сигналов для максимальной пропускной способности канала. Результаты моделирования показывают, что новый подход оценки превосходит традиционный метод с гораздо более низким оптимальным коэффициентом количества пилотов The article considers methods for estimating a communication channel with spatial modulation. This type of modulation is a single-stream multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique in which only one transmit antenna is activated at a time. Spatial modulation allows for complete elimination of inter-channel interference, and also demonstrates great energy savings in the RF circuit. However, unlike multi-stream MIMO systems, channel estimation for spatial modulation becomes a problem because a MIMO channel cannot be estimated in a single transmission step on a single stream. Based on this fact, I proposed a new channel estimation scheme that uses channel correlation and jointly estimates channels for different transmit antennas. The proposed method provides the same evaluation period as multithreaded MIMO schemes. The change in the number of transmitted pilot-signals with spatial modulation is investigated for both traditional and new methods of estimation of the communication channel. By balancing accuracy and data volume, an optimal pilot signal ratio can be achieved for maximum channel throughput. Simulation results show that the new scoring approach outperforms the traditional method with a much lower optimal pilot count ratio

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Shobha, Y. K., and H. G. Rangaraju. "Experimental Evaluation of Machine learning based MIMO-OFDM System for Optimal PAPR and BER." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (May 26, 2021): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.27.

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The hypothetically convenient structure is the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technique that is employed for upcoming generations in wireless communication systems. Some of the benefits offered by MIMO-OFDM are enhanced spatial multiplexing, reliability and network throughput, and so on. Due to the integration of spatial antenna that is based on multi-stream, the problems which are related to significantly high power takes place in the system of OFDM and provides complex processing strategies. Some of the popularly known systems that are used for standardizing the Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) are partial transmit sequences (PTS), adoptive tone reservation (ATR), probabilistic mapping, and clipping which are required to be truncated and aims for minimizing the operational cost. The framework of hybrid Selective Mapping (SLM)-PTS proposed in this paper minimizes the operational cost by integrating strategies of PTS and SLM. A reduction approach that is suitable for PAPR and BER are chosen for optimization purposes depending on the statistical threshold constraint of PAPR and Bit Error Rate (BER). Thus, the system preferred with the help of the machine learning technique demonstrates the efficiency in implementing a generalized strategy to evaluate a low complexity MIMO-OFDM model. Ultimately, with the help of the PAPR and BER techniques-driven from value bound the performance of the error rate is evaluated in this framework that interactively changes from one technique.

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28

K K A, Abdullah, Robert A B C, and Adeyemo A B. "August 2016 VOLUME 5, ISSUE 8, AUGUST 2016 5th Generation Wi-Fi Shatha Ghazal, Raina S Alkhlailah Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5801 ECG Arrhythmia Detection Using Choi-Williams Time-Frequency Distribution and Artificial Neural Network Sanjit K. Dash, G. Sasibhushana Rao Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5802 Data Security using RSA Algorithm in Cloud Computing Santosh Kumar Singh, Dr. P.K. Manjhi, Dr. R.K. Tiwari Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5803 Detection Algorithms in Medical Imaging Priyanka Pareek, Pankaj Dalal Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5804 A Review Study on the CPU Scheduling Algorithms Shweta Jain, Dr. Saurabh Jain Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5805 Healthcare Biosensors - A Paradigm Shift To Wireless Technology Taha Mukhtar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5806 Congestion Control for Peer to Peer Application using Random Early Detection Algorithm Sonam Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5807 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Milk Parameters using Arduino Controller Y.R. Bhamare, M.B. Matsagar, C.G. Dighavkar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5808 Ardunio Based Security and Safety using GSM as Fault Alert System for BTS (Base Transceiver Station) Umeshwari Khot, Prof. Venkat N. Ghodke Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5809 Automatic Single and Multi Topic Summarization and Evolution to Generate Timeline Mrs. V. Meenakshi, Ms. S. Jeyanthi Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5810 Data Hiding in Encrypted HEVC/AVC Video Streams Saltanat Shaikh, Prof. Shahzia Sayyad Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5811 A Study of Imbalanced Classification Problem P. Rajeshwari, D. Maheshwari Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5812 Design of PTL based Area Efficient and Low Power 4-bit ALU Saraabu Narendra Achari, Mr. C. Pakkiraiah Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5813 The Design of Driver Safety Awareness and Assistance System through Sleep Activated and Auto Brake System for Vehicle Control D. Sivabalaselvamani, Dr. A. Tamilarasi, L. Rahunathan and A.S. Harishankher Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5814 Parameters Selection, Applications & Convergence Analysis of PSO Algorithms Sachin Kumar, Mr. N.K. Gupta Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5815 Effective Pattern Deploying Model for the Document Restructuring and Classification Niketa, Jharna Chopra Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5816 Cataloging Telugu Sentences by Hidden Morkov Techniques V. Suresh Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5817 Biometrics for Cell Phone Safety Jyoti Tiwari, Santosh Kumar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5818 Digital Image Watermarking using Modified DWT&DCT Combination and Bi Linear Interpolation Yannam .Nagarjuna, K. Chaitanya Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5819 Comparative Study and Analysis on the Techniques of Web Mining Dipika Sahu, Yamini Chouhan Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5820 A Review of MIL-STD-1553 Bus Trends and Future K. Padmanabham, Prabhakar Kanugo, Dr. K. Nagabhushan Raju, M. Chandrashekar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5821 Design of QPSK Digital Modulation Scheme Using Turbo Codes for an Air Borne System D. Sai Brunda, B. Geetha Rani Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5822 An Efficient Locally Weighted Spectral Cluster for Automatic Image Segmentation Vishnu Priya M, J Santhosh Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5823 An Efficient Sliding Window Based Micro Cluster Over Data Streams Nancy Mary, A. Venugopal Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5824 Comparative Analysis of Traditional Frequency Reuse Techniques in LTE Network Neelam Rani, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5825 Score Level Integration of Fingerprint and Hand Geometry Biometrics Jyoti Tiwari, Santosh Kumar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5826 CHARM: Intelligently Cost and Bandwidth Detection for FTP Servers using Heuristic Algorithm Shiva Urolagin Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5827 Image Enhancement Using Modified Exposure Based Histogram SK. Nasreen, N. Anupama Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5828 Human Gesture Based Recognition and Classification Using MATLAB Suman, Er. Kapil Sirohi Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5829 Image Denoising- A Novel Approach Dipali D. Sathe, Prof. K.N. Barbole Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5830 Design of Low Pass Digital FIR Filter Using Nature Inspired Technique Nisha Rani, Balraj Singh, Darshan Singh Sidhu Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5831 Issues and Challenges in Software Quality Assurance Himangi, Surender singh Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5832 Hybridization of GSA and AFSA to Detect Black Hole Attack in Wireless Sensor Network Soni Rani, Charanjit Singh Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5833 Reversible Watermarking Technique for Data Hiding, Accurate Tamper Detection in ROI and Exact Recovery of ROI Y. Usha Madhuri, K. Chaitanya Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5834 Fault Tolerance and Concurrency Control in Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems Sagar Patel, Meghna Burli, Nidhi Shah, Prof. (Mrs.) Vinaya Sawant Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5835 Collection of Offline Tamil Handwriting Samples and Database Creation D. Rajalakshmi, Dr. S.K. Jayanthi Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5836 Overview of Renewable Energy in Maharashtra Mr. Sagar P. Thombare, Mr. Vishal Gunjal, Miss. Snehal Bhandarkar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5837 Comparative Analysis of Efficient Image Steganographic Technique with the 2-bit LSB Algorithm for Color Images K. S. Sadasiva Rao, Dr A. Damodaram Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5838 An Efficient Reverse Converter Design for Five Moduli Set RNS Y. Ayyavaru Reddy, B. Sekhar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5839 VLSI Design of Area Efficient High Performance SPMV Accelerator using VBW-CBQCSR Scheme N. Narasimharao, A. Mallaiah Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5840 Customer Retention of MCDR using 3SCDM Approaches Suban Ravichandran, Chandrasekaran Ramasamy Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5841 User Privacy and Data Trustworthiness in Mobile Crowd Sensing Ms. T. Sharadha, Dr. R. Vijaya Bhanu Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5842 A Safe Anti-Conspiracy Data Model For Changing Groups in Cloud G. Ajay Kumar, Devaraj Verma C Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5843 Scope and Adoption of M-Commerce in India Anurag Mishra, Sanjay Medhavi, Khan Shah Mohd, P.C. Mishra Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5844 A Secure Data Hiding Scheme For Color Image Mrs. S.A. Bhavani Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5845 A Study of Different Content Based Image Retrieval Techniques C. Gururaj, D. Jayadevappa, Satish Tunga Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5846 Cache Management for Big Data Applications: Survey Kiran Grover, Surender Singh Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5847 Survey on Energy Efficient Protocols and Challenges in IOT Syeda Butool Fatima, Sayyada Fahmeeda Sultana, Sadiya Ansari Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5848 Educational Data Mining For Evaluating Students Performance Sampreethi P.K, VR. Nagarajan Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5849 Iterative Pareto Principle for Software Test Case Prioritization Manas Kumar Yogi, G. Vijay Kumar, D. Uma Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5850 Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review Abhishek Kumar, Deepak Prashar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5851 Ensemble Averaging Filter for Noise Reduction Tom Thomas Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5852 Survey Paper on Get My Route Application Shubham A. Purohit, Tushar R. Khandare, Prof. Swapnil V. Deshmukh Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5853 Design and Implementation of Smart Car with Self-Navigation and Self-Parking Systems using Sensors and RFID Technology Madhuri M. Bijamwar, Prof. S.G. Kole, Prof. S.S. Savkare Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5854 Comparison Study of Induction Motor Drives using Microcontroller and FPGA Sooraj M S, Sreerag K T V Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5855 A Survey on Text Categorization Senthil Kumar B, Bhavitha Varma E Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5856 Multirate Signal Reconstruction Using Two Channel Orthogonal Filter Bank Sijo Thomas, Darsana P Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5857 The Multi-keyword Synonym Search for Encrypted Cloud Data Using Clustering Method Monika Rani H G, Varshini Vidyadhar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5858 A Review on Various Speech Enhancement Techniques Alugonda Rajani, Soundarya .S.V.S Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5859 A Survey on Various Spoofing Attacks and Image Fusion Techniques Pravallika .P, Dr. K. Satya Prasad Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5860 Non-Invasive Vein Detection using Infra-red Rays Aradhana Singh, Dr. S.C. Prasanna Kumar, Dr. B.G. Sudershan Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5861 Boundary-Polygons for Minutiae based Fingerprinst Recognition Kusha Maharshi, Prashant Sahai Saxena Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5862 Image Forgery Detection on Digital Images Nimi Susan Saji, Ranjitha Rajan Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5863 Enhancing Information Security in Big Data Renu Kesharwani Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5864 Secure Multi-Owner Data Sharing for Dynamic Groups in Cloud Ms. Nilophar M. Masuldar, Prof. V. P. Kshirsagar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5865 Compact Microstrip Octagonal Slot Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications Thasneem .H, Midhun Joy Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5866 ‘Aquarius’- Smart IOT Technology for Water Level Monitoring System Prof. A. M. Jagtap, Bhaldar Saniya Sikandar, Shinde Sharmila Shivaji, Khalate Vrushali Pramod, Nirmal Kalyani Sarangdhar Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5867 Future of Results in Select Search Engine Peerzada Mohammad Iqbal, Dr. Abdul Majid Baba, Aasim Bashir Abstract | PDF with Text | DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5868 Semantic Indexing Techniques on Information Retrieval of Web Content." IJARCCE 5, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2016.5869.

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Nguyen-Duy-Nhat, Vien, Mai T. P. Le, and Hung Nguyen-Le. "On The Optimization of Weighted Sum Rate for Mimo Broascast Channels." Journal of Science and Technology Issue on Information and Communications Technology, June 30, 2022, 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/ud-jst.2022.144.

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n this paper, we study the problem of optimizing the weighted total system rate (WSR) for a downlink broadcast communication system using multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology, wherein a Base station (BS) transmits multiple data streams simultaneously to K multi-antenna MIMO mobile stations (MSs). Upon the power constraint, the optimal solution is to find the pre-coding matrices at the BS and the decoding matrices at the MSs. However, this type of optimization problem is usually nonlinear and non-convex, so it is relatively difficult to solve by analytical methods. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel algorithm to optimize the WSR of the system based on the Harris Hawking Optimization (HHO) algorithm using the linear least squares mean error (MMSE) filter at the MSs. Numerical results have been used to demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed algorithm, comparing with existing methods such as Block Diagonalism with Waterfilling algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization, particularly at the low signal-to-noise (SNR) range. In the end, we may propose an adaptive method that combines the advantages of different algorithms at various SNR domains to maximize the system performance.

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Partibane, B., R. Kalidoss, and R. Karthipan. "Security Improvement in Next Generation Wireless System by Interleaver in Transceiver Structures." Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, November 7, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/2245-1439.641.

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This paper presents the multiple-input multiple-output Interleave division multiple access (MIMO-IDMA) system with dual polarized division multiplexing (DPDM). Dual polarized antenna system replaces the uni-polarized antenna system availing cost and space features. We have considered dual- Polarized antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver ends to establish DPDM. For the purpose of accommodation, the users are separated with userspecific interleaver in combination with a low rate spreading sequence. In the receiver, we consider the minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm based successive interference cancellation (SIC) Multi-user detection (MUD) technique to diminish the effects of multi-stream interference (MSI). Furthermore, we implement Log-maximum a posteriori probability (MAPP) decoding algorithm at the mobile stations (MSs) to alleviate the effects of multi-user interference (MUI).We evaluate the effects of codedMIMO-IDMA system in the context of downlink (DL) communication pertaining to the Stanford University Interim (SUI) and Long-term Evolution (LTE) channel model specifications.We observe that our simulation results considered turbo coded Dual-PolarizedMIMO-IDMAsystem with iterative decoding algorithm provides a better bit error rate (BER) performance with less signal to noise ratio (SNR) when compared to uncoded system. Furthermore our simulation results show that MIMO-IDMA system with Dual-Polarized antenna requires higher SNR than uni-polarized antennas in order to achieve same BER. However, it provides the advantage of replacing two uni-polarized antennas by a single Dual-Polarized antenna which can therefore help achievement of a higher data rate with a reduced size of MS in the context of DL transmission.

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Siller, Maddy K., Peter J. Pfaff, Eddy Wild, and Keith B. Gido. "Apparent survival and detection probability of PIT-tagged small-bodied stream fishes using multi-pass wand antenna surveys." Environmental Biology of Fishes, May 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01422-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-Antenna Streams'

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