Journal articles on the topic 'Multi-age schooling'
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1
Saxe, Geoffrey B., and Indigo Esmonde. "Making Change in Oksapmin Tradestores: A Study of Shifting Practices of Quantification Under Conditions of Rapid Shift towards a Cash Economy." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 15 (2004): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000134.
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AbstractWe report two studies about shifting practices of quantification in tradestores in Oksapmin communities (Papua New Guinea). In Study 1, we enlisted 7 local tradestore clerks to collect information about customers' language practices of quantification, age cohort, schooling level, and cost of purchase. Analyses of 305 exchanges revealed that older cohorts tended to use indigenous practices and extensions of the indigenous language. Younger cohorts – particularly those with some schooling -- tended to use practices that involved Melanesian Pidgin. In Study 2, we analyze interviews with 9 tradestore clerks who described typical purchase transactions with customers from different age cohorts/schooling levels. Analyses of interviews revealed that elders tended to structure multi-item purchases into sequential transactions and use extensions of indigenous approaches to quantification. Schooled adults tended to purchase multiple items in a single transaction and use Pidgin quantifiers. We argue that tradestores today sustain multiple practices of quantification but also support change towards the exclusive use of Melanesian Pidgin.
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Bhattarai, Anoj. "Reflection on my Schooling: From Engineering to Training." Journal of Training and Development 1 (July 31, 2015): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v1i0.13090.
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This paper reflects the journey of my life and highlights the importance of setting goals for desired achievements in life. Additionally, it scrutinizes the role of patronage of parents, societal influence and cultural capital to set the degree of success a person achieves in his or her life. Through reflection, the paper advocates for inevitability of technical and vocational contents and multi-disciplinary competencies including international languages and life skills from the early age of schooling to tackle with the challenges of 21st century.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v1i0.13090 Journal of Training and Development Vol.1 2015: 46-53
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Assari MD MPH, Shervin. "Understanding America: Unequal Economic Returns of Years of Schooling in Whites and Blacks Race, Years of Schooling, and Economic Wellbeing." World Journal of Educational Research 7, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): p78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v7n2p78.
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Background: Higher schooling is associated with higher economic wellbeing. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, however, refers to smaller returns of schooling for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Aim: Using a national sample of American adults, the current study compared NHBs and NHWs for the effects of each incremental increase in the years of schooling (gradient of educational level) among American adults. Methods: Data came from the Understanding America Study (UAS), a national online survey with a nationally representative sample. A total of 5715 adults (18+ years old) were included. From this number, 4,826 (84.4%) were NHWs, and 889 (15.6%) were NHBs. Years of schooling was the independent variable. Economic wellbeing was the main outcome. Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the moderator. Results: Overall, each additional year of schooling was associated with higher economic wellbeing, net of age, and gender. A statistically significant interaction was found between race and years of schooling on the outcome, indicating a smaller boosting effect of any incremental increase in the years of education on the economic wellbeing of NHBs compared to NHWs. Conclusion: In line with MDRs, highly educated Black people experience low economic wellbeing. The MDRs of education on economic wellbeing may be why highly educated, and middle-class Black Americans still report poor health. Policy solutions should address multi-level causes of MDR-related health disparities.
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Graheli, Shanti. "Readers and Consumers of Popular Print." Quaerendo 51, no. 1-2 (May 7, 2021): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341483.
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Abstract This article explores the theoretical strands and methodological possibilities for the study of the consumption of popular print in the pre-modern age. The first section explores general approaches and cross-disciplinary angles to the field. The second section looks at core methodologies in approaching the multi-faceted issue of consumption of popular print. The third section offers a comparative discussion of pan-European themes, including literacy and schooling, the sociality of reading and consumption, the weight of restrictions and emancipation in regulating access to print, and the materialities of consumption as a physical, multisensory experience.
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Fichter, M. M., N. Quadflieg, and W. Rief. "Course of multi-impulsive bulimia." Psychological Medicine 24, no. 3 (August 1994): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700027744.
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SynopsisThirty-two consecutively admitted females with bulimia nervosa (purging type) according to DSM-IV and additional impulsive behaviours (multi-impulsive bulimia (MIB)) and 32 age-matched female controls with DSM-IV bulimia nervosa (purging type) (uni-impulsive bulimia (UIB)) were assessed longitudinally on admission and at discharge following in-patient therapy and at a 2-year follow-up. Multi-impulsive bulimics were defined as presenting at least three of the six of the following impulsive behaviours in their life-time in addition to their bulimic symptoms at admission: (a) suicidal attempts, (b) severe autoaggression, (c) shop lifting (other than food), (d) alcohol abuse, (e) drug abuse, or (f) sexual promiscuity. Multi-impulsive bulimics were more frequently separated or divorced, had less schooling and held less-skilled jobs. Except for interoceptive awareness (EDI), which was more disturbed in multi-impulsive bulimics, there were no differences concerning scales measuring eating disturbances and related areas. Multi-impulsive bulimics showed more general psychopathology – anxiety, depression, anger and hostility, psychoticism – differed in several personality scales from uni-impulsive bulimics (e.g. increased excitability and anger/hostility) and had overall a less favourable course of illness. Multi-impulsive bulimics also received more in- and out-patient therapy previous to the index treatment and during the follow-up period. The data support the notion that ‘multi-impulsive bulimia’ or ‘multi-impulsive disorder’ should be classified as a distinct diagnostic group on axis I or that an ‘Impulsive Personality Disorder’ should be introduced on axis II. The development of more effective treatment for multi-impulsive bulimia is warranted.
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Malmberg, Lars-Erik, Brigitte Wanner, and Todd D. Little. "Age and school-type differences in children's beliefs about school performance." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095558.
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Age and school-type differences (primary school and three types of secondary school) in self-related beliefs about ability, effort, and difficulty were investigated in a study of 1723 Berlin youth. Consistent with selective ability-stratified schooling, multi-group structural equation models revealed: (1) mean-level belief differences reflecting assimilation effects among secondary school students, (2) belief variances were mostly narrower among secondary school students reflecting restricted social comparison opportunities, and (3) school type moderated relationships between beliefs. Primary school students thought ability was fixed, that effort paid off, and they used normative task difficulty for gauging how effortful they were. Haupt-/Realschule and Gesamtschule students thought they were less effortful and put in less effort. Haupt-/Realschule student achievement was unrelated to their agency belief in ability and personal difficulty, reflecting a pattern of educational goal disengagement. Gymnasium school students seemed to maximize the use of their ability through effort.
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Marešová, Hana, and Daniel Ecler. "Educational Potential of 3D Multi-User Virtual Environments." Lifelong Learning 12, no. 1 (2022): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele20221201009.
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The text focuses on the issue of 3D multi-user virtual environments and their use in education. In the wake of the global Covid-19 pandemic, there was a worldwide need for a rapid transition in education at all levels of schooling and in lifelong learning to the online space. As this was a rapid organisational change, schools and lifelong learning institutions often found themselves in situations where tools not previously tested in the school were used, or online tools were used that did not lead to the desired effect. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate which types of online tools are most appropriate for education, depending on the age of the learners and the learning topic. This text analyses the educational potential of 3D multi-user virtual environments, which hold significant benefits for the application of basic didactic principles that bring significant advantages in terms of learning outcomes, in particular the principle of illustration, learning from simulated virtual experiences as well as direct contact with the learning community. The text concludes by discussing current perspectives on the effectiveness of these environments in the educational process.
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Acevedo Espinal, Sara M. "“Effective Schooling” in the Age of Capital: Critical Insights from Advocacy Anthropology, Anthropology of Education, and Critical Disability Studies." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 9, no. 5 (December 20, 2020): 265–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v9i5.698.
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This paper argues that the ideological and material reproduction of “effective schooling” in the Age of Capital functions to normalize and perpetuate the unequal social relations and oppressive dynamics that characterize free market economies and their accompanying political and cultural practices in the historical and educational context of the United States of America. I argue that the intersection of three perspectives furthers the work of scholars grounded in the various disciplines—advocacy anthropology, the anthropology of education, and the mutual engagement of anthropology and critical disability studies—and demonstrates that a multi-inter- transdisciplinary lens is essential for deepening an understanding of the discourses as well as the concrete practices that push ‘disorderly’ student subjects into precarious circumstances that threaten their physical, emotional, and psychological integrity.
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Peskov, V. P. "A study of the interrelationship of the integral characteristics of representation." Psychological-Educational Studies 7, no. 2 (2015): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2015070209.
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The article raises the issue of representation, indicating that multi-dimensional representation as a psychological phenomenon requires consideration in different coordinate systems. We show that system consideration is not only its study as a multifunctional education complex structure, but also the study of its integral characteristics, as the minimum set of characteristics is required, that provides its short description. We conclude that it is necessary to integrate different measurements, various order qualities and properties of representations, the allocation of determinants system, reflecting its diversity, multidimensionality and correlation of different measurements (characteristics) to each other, as well as their complementarity. We point out that the study of multi-dimensional representation involves the analysis of the relationship of its integral characteristics (controlled, vividness, brightness, sharpness), which will clarify the nature of the desired integral factors and create a common system of methods for studying the representation. We provide the results of correlation analysis of the integral characteristics of representation at different age stages of schooling.
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Coe, Jesse L., Patrick T. Davies, Rochelle F. Hentges, and Melissa L. Sturge-Apple. "Understanding the nature of associations between family instability, unsupportive parenting, and children's externalizing symptoms." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001736.
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AbstractThis study examined the mediating role of maternal unsupportive parenting in explaining associations between family instability and children's externalizing symptoms during the transition to formal schooling in early childhood. Participants included 243 preschool children (M age = 4.60 years) and their parents. Findings from cross-lagged autoregressive models conducted with multimethod (survey and observations), multi-informant (parent, teacher, and observer), longitudinal (three annual waves of data collection) data indicated that experiences with heightened family instability predicted decreases in supportive parenting, which in turn predicted increases in children's externalizing symptoms. Analyses also revealed a bidirectional association between parenting and family instability over time, such that higher levels of instability predicted decreases in supportive parenting, which in turn predicted increases in family instability.
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Nyati, Lukhanyo H., Leila Patel, Sadiyya Haffejee, Matshidiso Sello, Sonia Mbowa, Tania Sani, and Shane A. Norris. "Context Matters—Child Growth within a Constrained Socio-Economic Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911944.
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Communities in major cities in developing countries may experience economic vulnerability, which has detrimental consequences for maternal and child health. This study investigated individual-, household-, and community-level factors associated with child growth and resilience of early-grade learners aged 6 to 8 years. Demographic characteristics, depression scale, child wellbeing, and anthropometric measurements were collected on a sample of 162 caregiver–child pairs (children 46% female) who receive the child support grant (cash transfer programme) from five low-income urban communities in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. Height and weight were converted to z-scores using the WHO Anthroplus software. Multiple linear regression was used to assess factors associated with child health outcomes and multi-level regression to account for community-level factors. Higher income vulnerability was associated with lower weight- and height-for-age z-scores (WAZ and HAZ). Not completing secondary schooling and higher household size were associated with lower HAZ but higher BAZ. Child male sex and caregiver with depression were associated with lower child resilience. Caregiver’s level of schooling and household size remained independent predictors of child growth, while the caregiver’s mental health status independently predicted child resilience. Thus, notwithstanding systemic constraints, there may be modifiable drivers that can help in developing targeted intervention.
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Hamdan, M. Ziad. "A Non-Failing “NeoBlend-Digit” Schooling Free of Conventional Teachers: A Blueprint for a Futuristic Learning Open to Infinity." International Journal of Contemporary Education 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijce.v1i1.3246.
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The practice of Blended learning in schooling for almost two decades has shown limited variations from what conventional education had breached hundreds of years ago. In that, continuing the use of large groups teaching, big chunks of required curriculum for learning and instruction, unified mandatory knowledge for all students, the lack of individual achievement pace, unified daily study schedules, and same backward assessment tools and formalities. Yet, ICTs exert every moment profound remote digital penetrating power into the deep privacy of human anatomy, actions, family and daily lives in what could be called the “Age of digital Information Nudity”. Moreover, resource teachers or students’ counselors are able by a click at a digital curriculum to reveal where learners’ locations are, how many times attempted reading, performing assignments, or what study difficulties they are facing. ICTs have dismantled all the psychological, social, educational and physical boundaries separating peoples, businesses and schooling communities. Students living currently in digital environments have a free will through digital means to decide, plan, in addition, to using types, tools, times and settings for their blended and online learnings, even without the pre-consent of school authorities. Hence, a new form of blended education deems crucial, that is “neoBlend-Digit” Schooling. This new hybrid methodology, when well served by developmental appropriate curriculum design, thoughtful treatment of curriculum content, a systemic implementation framework (diagnostic, formative and summative), and optional multi learning tracks, will lead to open ended learning free of failure, outdated teachers and school personnel, and environmental limitations. Consequently civic citizen students are graduating as literates, professional specialists, and academic pioneers.. Realizing as such what the American educator, William Glasser* wished for “Schools without Failure”. In current work however, the long waited dream of Glasser is presented in a concise digital language and concretely accountable educational evidences in field reality.
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Crouch, Luis, Katherine King, Anna Olefir, Hiroshi Saeki, and Tanya Savrimootoo. "Taking Preprimary Programs to Scale in Developing Countries: Multi-source Evidence to Improve Primary School Completion Rates." International Journal of Early Childhood 52, no. 2 (August 2020): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13158-020-00271-7.
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Abstract The paper argues that in many developing countries there is a set of linked symptoms in education systems that cohere into what we call a weak foundations syndrome. Multi-source evidence is presented to illustrate how weak foundations through the early years of schooling lead to low primary school completion. Symptoms of the syndrome include (1) low access, use, and quality in preprimary programs; (2) permanently high apparent rate of intake (above 100%) into grade 1; (3) over-enrollment bulge, in the early grades, as well as formal and informal grade repetition through primary school; (4) apparent large enrollment drop-off between grades 1 and 2. Small stories for Burundi, Madagascar, and Ethiopia are presented to illustrate the syndrome. These cases also identify how countries and international organizations are starting to address the issues. An interesting aspect of the findings is the data that show parents’ support for preprimary education by enrolling their children earlier than the normative age for grade 1.
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Singleton, David, and Justyna Leśniewska. "The Critical Period Hypothesis for L2 Acquisition: An Unfalsifiable Embarrassment?" Languages 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6030149.
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This article focuses on the uncertainty surrounding the issue of the Critical Period Hypothesis. It puts forward the case that, with regard to naturalistic situations, the hypothesis has the status of both “not proven” and unfalsified. The article analyzes a number of reasons for this situation, including the effects of multi-competence, which remove any possibility that competence in more than one language can ever be identical to monolingual competence. With regard to the formal instructional setting, it points to many decades of research showing that, as critical period advocates acknowledge, in a normal schooling situation, adolescent beginners in the long run do as well as younger beginners. The article laments the profusion of definitions of what the critical period for language actually is and the generally piecemeal nature of research into this important area. In particular, it calls for a fuller integration of recent neurolinguistic perspectives into discussion of the age factor in second language acquisition research.
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Coelho, Fábio Monteiro da Cunha, Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro, Bernardo Lessa Horta, Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães, Carla Maria Maia Garcias, and Cibele Vargas da Silva. "Common mental disorders and chronic non-communicable diseases in adults: a population-based study." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 1 (January 2009): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000100006.
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A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders and verify the association with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the self-reported number of chronic diseases. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was applied in a multi-stage random sample of 1,276 adults aged 40 and older. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables were also obtained using a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of common mental disorders was 30.2%. Lower schooling and social class and the 46-55-year age bracket were associated with psychiatric morbidity. Each chronic illness was independently associated with common mental disorders. However, a stronger association was found between common mental disorders and the total number of self-reported chronic conditions, with a prevalence ratio of 4.67 (95%CI: 3.19-6.83) for five or more self-reported NCDs. The current study emphasizes the importance of common mental disorders in chronically ill patients, particularly in those with more total chronic conditions.
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Kuznetsova, Elena Bilusovna, and Lyubov Sergeevna Khanina. "Use of educational module cartoon «I create the world» as a new form of organization for the development of speech of children of older pre-school age in the conditions of an educational organization." Journal of Pedagogical Innovations, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/1812-9463.2202.11.
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The purpose of the article is to present the experience of pedagogical work on the use of new forms of organization of children of senior preschool age, in particular the organization of a cartoon studio in kindergarten, in order to develop speech. The development of speech in children is a very important condition for the development of thinking and other mental processes, the formation of the child’s personality and further schooling. The informatization of our lives has influenced the interests of preschoolers; since childhood, they have been drawn to computers, smartphones and other information media. Therefore, in order to maintain children’s interest in learning, kindergarten teachers need to search for new forms and means of developing children in accordance with the requirements of the federal state standard for preschool education. The use of the educational module of the multi-studio “I create the world”, which is part of the partial modular program “STEM-education of children of preschool and primary school age” (authors: T. V. Volosovets, V. A. Markova, S. A. Averin), in pedagogical process of the kindergarten, from our point of view, is such a new form of organization of children.
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Miranda, Emanuella Silva, and Joseli Soares Brazorotto. "Facilitators and barriers for the use of the FM System in school-age children with hearing loss." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 5 (October 2018): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620182055118.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the facilitators and barriers to the use of the FM System in school-age children with hearing loss. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational and documentary study. Data from the children's charts and responses of their 30 teachers to a questionnaire were used in the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The questions were related to the use of the FM System by the child and the preparation of the teachers to use the resource. Results: out of the 30 children whose teachers answered the survey, only nine used the FM System in the classroom. Factors such as age, parents' schooling and their participation in speech therapy, as well as the teacher's knowledge about the FM System and their experience with hard of hearing children were shown to be facilitators for the use of the device as well as the consistent use of the hearing devices (hearing aids and/or cochlear implant). Conclusion: the main facilitator for the use of the FM System was the teacher's knowledge about it. Considering the importance of the use of this resource for the mainstream education of children with hearing loss, a multi-centric research is desirable for the determination of protocols to follow the adaptation and training of the school community.
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Graham, Hannah. "Hysteresis and the sociological perspective in a time of crisis." Acta Sociologica 63, no. 4 (October 8, 2020): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699320961814.
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Hysteresis is a versatile concept for volatile times. Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological use recognises hysteresis in times of dislocation and disruption between field and habitus, ‘in particular, when a field undergoes a major crisis and its regularities (even its rules) are profoundly changed’ (Bourdieu, 2000: 160). In considering the issues and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, hysteresis renders visible ‘multi-level, multi-temporal dynamics’ (Strand and Lizardo, 2016: 169). It is attendant to the temporality of work and how workers, workplaces, workforces and fields of work are affected. The COVID-19 crisis may give rise to sudden changes such as no work (e.g. redundancies, mass unemployment), reduced work (e.g. reduced hours, underemployment), suspended work (e.g. going on furlough), or absence from work (e.g. leave and workforce absence rates). The transition to working from home and online, en masse, raises considerations of habitus and taking practice online, with many experiencing rapid digital transformation and remote working. The COVID-19 pandemic raises significant sociological issues of intersectionality and inequality, as precarity, risk and harms are experienced unevenly. There are age and gendered differences, including where working from home is in conflict with concurrent caring and home schooling responsibilities. These issues and changes, their meaning and collateral consequences, urgently warrant sociological analysis.
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Kolak, Ante, Ivan Markić, and Zoran Horvat. "Parents’ attitudes towards distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic." South African Journal of Education 42, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v42n3a2129.
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In this article we consider the applicability of distance education on the elementary level from parents’ perspectives and present the limitations stemming from the degree of support that students in elementary education need from their parents. The dilemmas regarding the possible levels of students’ development of independence and self-orientation, and the parents’ roles are highlighted. We believe that due to these limitations, distance learning has some of the characteristics of home-schooling. The subject of the research in the empirical part of this study focused on parents’ attitudes. Parental attitudes, based on a previously established multi-factor model, become clear from the parents’ experiences (Kolak, Markić & Horvat, 2020) where factors regarding the demands of teaching and the competence of parents as substitute teachers, were separated. Parents’ characteristics (e.g., gender, age, educational status and involvement) were found to influence their attitudes. The results of the research indicate the importance of parents in distance learning during the pandemic which adds a new and more significant role in the educational process of their children.
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Otekunrin, Olutosin A., Oluwaseun A. Otekunrin, Barbara Sawicka, and Piotr Pszczółkowski. "Assessing Food Insecurity and Its Drivers among Smallholder Farming Households in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria: The HFIAS Approach." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121189.
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Hunger and food insecurity take center stage in most debates in Africa, and in recent times with serious concerns about Nigeria. This study assessed food insecurity among farming households in rural Oyo State, Nigeria, using cross-sectional datasets from 211 farming households through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) module was employed in assessing food insecurity status of farming households, and the ordered logit model (OLM) was used to analyze factors influencing food insecurity among farming households. The results revealed that 12.8% of the farming households were food secure while 87.2% had varying levels of food insecurity. The OLM results indicated that age, household head’s years of schooling, gender, farm size, farm experience, non-farm income, food expenditure, and access to extension service significantly influenced food insecurity among farming households. Based on the findings, efforts should be geared towards promoting households’ education-related intervention programs in order to improve their nutrition-related knowledge that can enhance their food security status. Additionally, there should be provision of rural infrastructural facilities such as piped water, rural electrification, and healthcare service that promote healthy living and enhance households’ agricultural productivity.
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Díaz, Irma, Neyda Ma Mendoza- Ruvalcaba, Elva Dolores Arias, and Julio Diaz. "Impact of Oral Health on Quality of Life and Subjective Well-Being in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Mexico." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.731.
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Abstract Objective: Associate the impact of oral health with quality of life and subjective well-being in the community-dwelling older adults in Mexico. Methods: Non-random sample; 326 subjects: age collected (60-69 / ≥ 70); gender (male / female); marital status (couple / no partner); schooling (0-6 years / ≥7); income for basic needs (yes / no); no depression (GDS-15), no cognitive impairment (MMSE) and comorbidity (no disease / ≥ 1 disease) to control biases. Oral conditions; Caries index (ICPOD) WHO criteria: Very low-Low; Moderate and High. Need for dental prostheses (WHO Manual): No prostheses needed (27-28 natural teeth or fixed / removable / total combination; Need prosthesis: 2-28 tooth without replacement. Xerostomia (Thomson Inventory); moderate to severe xerostomia > 17 points. Dependent variables: Quality of Life Related to Oral Health (GOHAI); 57-60 points: High perception. Subjective well-being: Moral Scale of the Geriatric Center of Philadelphia (PGCMS): Low score (0-11). Results: Age: 71.84 ± 7,278; female / male (70.9 / 29.1%). Controlling confounding factors, multiple logistic regression showed that the need for multi-unit or total prostheses; high CPOD index; severe xerostomia; and low perception of well-being subjective, were associated with low GOHAI scores: P = 0.000; P = 0.004; P = 0.003; P = 0.02 respectively. Subjective well-being only was associated with severe xerostomia and low CVRSO perception: P = 0.0 1; P = 0.02 respectively. Conclusion: Taking into account various confounding factors, the Quality of Life related to Oral Health was the most affected by the deterioration of oral health.
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e Silva, Emanuela Torreão Brito, Leonardo Ferreira Caixeta, Vânia Lucia Dias Soares, and Gisele Rodrigues Fonseca Sagawa. "HIV-associated dementia in older adults: clinical and tomographic aspects." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 7 (February 17, 2011): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210002474.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Elderly adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at greater risk of developing cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and tomographic characteristics of HIV-1 associated dementia (HIVD) in older adults.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out involving eight HIVD patients. Seven tests were employed for cognitive assessment and transformed to whole number z-scores using appropriate normative sets.Results: The average age of the patients was 71 years; seven cases described the route of HIV infection as being heterosexual; and mean schooling was 6.5 years. Six subjects were using highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), with an average CD4 count of 407.8 cells/mm3. Mild dementia was detected in most cases (87.5%). Deficits on neuropsychological tests showed results similar to multi-center transversal studies on HIVD. The classic HIVD triad observed in younger adults was also seen in this population: i.e. cognitive changes, psychiatric changes and motor impairment. Cortical injury shown by dyscalculia, visual-spatial change and language deficits were frequent. Brain images showed cortical atrophy in all patients but was restricted to frontal lobes in five cases.Conclusion: The findings on brain imaging were non-specific, revealing images similar to those of the elderly brain and to HIVD in younger adults. HIVD in the elderly is a challenge and become an increasingly significant differential diagnosis for cognitive loss in old age. This dementia must be clinically suspected and image exams are useful in excluding other central disorders. Prospective studies of HIV-positive elderly people are warranted to better understand HIVD.
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Hardin, Hardin. "IDENTITAS PETANI YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN BAGI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KOTA BAUBAU." Media Agribisnis 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/agribisnis.v3i2.493.
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The internal variables that can increase productivity and income, including schooling, age, arable land size and the number of dependents and the experience of agriculture and social status are all linked to the identity of farmers. The aim of this study is: (1) Empirically demonstrate that the age of farmers is influenced by rice farming income in the village of Ngkaringkaring, subdistrict of Bungi and city of Baubau; (2) empirically demonstrate that there is an impact on rice crop income in Ngkaringkaring Village and Bungi Subdistrict and Baubau City on farmers ' education; (3) Demonstrate empirically whether the number of dependents of the farming family has an impact on the income of lowland rice farming in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, the city of Baubau; (4) Demonstrate empirically whether farmers ' experience has an impact on the income of lowland rice farming in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, Baubau City; (5) (5) To prove empirically whether farmers have an impact on the income of lowland rice farmers in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, Baubau City; (6) To prove empirically whether the social status of farmers has an impact on the income of rice farming in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, Baubau City. The technique used is a multi-linear regression method. The results of this study are: (1) The level of education and area of arable land and the effect of income on lowland rice farming with a probability value of 0.000 each well below 0.05 means that H0 is rejected and H2 and H5 accepted; (2) Age, farming experience, number of family dependents and social status do not affect rice farming income, as each has a probably. (3) The identity of the respondent farmers (age, level of education, farming experience, number of family dependents, area of arable land and social status) together contributed 96.4 percent to the income effect on lowland rice farming, while the remaining 3.6 percent were affected by other factors.
Keywords: Farmer Identity, Rice Field Farming Income
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Lin, Yanwei, Qi Zhang, Tingxian Wang, and Zhirong Zeng. "Effect of living arrangements on cognitive function in Chinese elders: a longitudinal observational study." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e050410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050410.
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ObjectiveTo examine how living arrangement as a social contextual factor can affect Chinese elders’ cognitive function.Setting and participantsOur sample consists of 2486 Chinese elders from two waves (2014 and 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) that was administered in 22 of China’s 31 provinces using a multi-stage, disproportionate, purposive random sampling method. The CLHLS aims to better understand the determinants of healthy longevity in China and collects extensive data on a large population of fragile elders aged 80–112 in China.Outcome measuresCognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Living arrangement was divided into living in an institution, living alone and living with household members. Generalised linear regressions were carried out to examine the associations between baseline characteristics and cognitive function, while controlling age, gender and residential area.ResultsA total of 2486 participants were included in the study at baseline in 2014. Of these, 1162 (46.7%) were men and 1324 (53.3%) were women. The mean age at baseline was 75.07 (±8.31) years. The mean years of schooling were 2.86 (±3.68). The number (proportion) of the three living arrangements (lived in institutions, lived alone and lived with household members) were 93 (3.8%), 463 (18.6%) and 1930 (77.6%), respectively. Among all participants, cognitive function declined over time. Those who lived alone presented with the highest MMSE scores at baseline and showed the lowest decline after 4 years. Living arrangements had significant effects on decreasing cognitive function.ConclusionChinese elders living in institutions were most vulnerable to cognitive decline. Living alone was not a risk condition in itself for the elderly in terms of cognitive decline. In addition, the benefits of living with household members to support cognitive function were not found in our study.
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Ladigbolu, Tope Adejoju, and Bamidele Rasak Olajide. "Farmers’ proclivity to use soap opera for sourcing agricultural information in Southwest Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2018-0018.
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Abstract Given the soap opera’s potential to engender behaviour learning and meet the information needs of farmers, this paper sought to establish farmers’ propensity to use soap opera for sourcing agricultural information in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw representative samples (150 farmers) in this study. Using interview schedule, data were elicited on farmers’ personal characteristics, awareness about the use of soap opera, perceived benefits of soap opera and proclivity to use it for sourcing agricultural information. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means) and inferential (Chi-square and PPMC) statistics at P = 0.05. Farmers’ age, years of schooling and household size were 52.1 ± 11.4 years, 10.5 ± 4.6 years and 5.9 ± 2.4 persons, respectively. Majority of the farmers (86.0%) had heard about soap opera and 76.0% heard of different soaps in the last couple of years and more than half (53.3%) had heard of different soaps from both radio and television. However, 90.7% did not know any kind of soap opera that was used to promote agriculture. More than half of the farmers (56.7%) had high inclination for sourcing agricultural information using soap opera. There was a significant correlation between farmers’ perceived benefits (r = 0.36; P = 0.00) and proclivity to use soap opera for sourcing agricultural information. Farmers’ positive proclivity to use soap implies that soap opera strategy has potentials to benefit farmers as a source of agricultural information; therefore, soap opera should be considered as veritable avenue for agricultural information dissemination in Southwest Nigeria.
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Mulaudzi, V. S., A. S. Oyekale, and P. Ndou. "Technical Efficiency of African Indigenous Vegetable Production in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0077.
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AbstractAfrican indigenous vegetables (AIVs) have long been known in South African rural communities as essential food that is being consumed with starchy staples, and their consumption has increased over the past few decades. There is now a growing interest and awareness of AIVs due to their nutritional benefits and outstanding potential to generate farm incomes. However, several factors are militating against their production along the supply chains of value addition. This study analysed the technical efficiency of AIVs production in Vhembe district of Limpopo province. The data were collected from 114 AIVs farmers through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using Stochastic Frontier model via the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results revealed that the average age and years of farming experiences of the farmers were 59.6 and 30.9 years respectively. About 84% of the farmers lacked access to formal credit, while 92% had access to extension services. Elasticity values of land area cultivated, fertiliser, seeds, labour and tractor days in relation to AIV production were 0.4441, 0.1749, 0.1311, 0.2663 and 0.2360 respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that average technical efficiency in the production of indigenous vegetables was 0.79%. The variables that significantly influenced technical inefficiency were years of schooling, extension services, gender and access to the irrigation system. In conclusion, production of AIV exhibits decreasing returns to scale. However, promotion of AIV production and efficiency requires consideration of gender issues in accessing resources, educational attainments of farmers, access to irrigation services and proper reorientation of the components of agricultural extension services delivery in order to benefit AIV farmers.
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KISELY, S., M. LINDEN, C. BELLANTUONO, G. SIMON, and J. JONES. "Why are patients prescribed psychotropic drugs by general practitioners? Results of an international study." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 5 (September 2000): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002743.
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Background. There has been growing interest in factors that might influence the prescription of psychotropic drugs in general practice.Method. This was a multi-centre study using a two-phase stratified sampling strategy in primary care facilities from 14 different countries to determine factors associated with the prescription of psychotropic drugs.Results. A total of 1763 consecutive GP attenders aged between 16 and 65 years of age were recruited. Although antidepressants were used more for depressive disorders and anxiolytics for patients with anxiety, the differential diagnosis was otherwise not an important factor in prescribing behaviour. Antidepressants and anxiolytics were prescribed twice as frequently in client centred clinics following a ‘personal physician model’ as opposed to non-client centred settings, where care was less personalized. The reverse was true of hypnotics (adjusted odds ratio of 0·5). General practitioners with a positive view of their undergraduate psychiatric training and who had had further postgraduate experience in the speciality were significantly less likely to prescribe medication, and if they did they were more likely to use antidepressants. Older patients were significantly more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medication. Several other patient factors emerged when individual classes of medication were considered; these included the loss of a spouse and the absence of physical ill health in the case of antidepressants, and female sex, fewer years of schooling and unemployment in the case of anxiolytics.Conclusions. Social, health care and GP factors are at least as important as clinical features in the prescription and choice of psychotropic medication.
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Prakash, Prashanth, Priya Subramaniam, B. H. Durgesh, and Sapna Konde. "Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional study." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 02 (April 2012): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698943.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a devastating form of dental decay with multi-factorial origin. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of ECC in preschool children of urban Bangalore (India)Methods: A random sample of 1,500 children aged between 8 and 48 months were selected from various parts of urban Bangalore. The status of dental caries was recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Information regarding oral hygiene practices, feeding habits, socio-economic status, birth weight, and educational status of the mother was obtained through a structured questionnaire given to mothers of preschool children. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 12Results: The prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 27.5%, while the mean deft was 0.854. ECC increased significantly with age. Children whose mothers had no schooling and those who belonged to low socioeconomic group showed higher caries prevalence. A significant increase in caries prevalence was found in children accustomed to the practice of on-demand breast feeding and bottle feeding at night. Caries also increased significantly when snacks were consumed between meals. However, increased frequency of tooth-brushing, parental supervision, use of a baby toothbrush, and fluoridated dentifrice significantly decreased caries prevalenceConclusion: ECC is a serious public health problem in this population and measures to increase awareness should be undertaken. The target candidates for oral health promotion programs should include mothers, general dentists, pediatricians, nurses, primary care health workers, care-takers at day-care centers and gynecologists. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:141-152)
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Lahiri, Anwesha, Konsam Dinachandra Singh, Gomathi Ramaswamy, Kapil Yadav, Vani Sethi, Samuel Scott, Phuong Nguyen, and Purnima Menon. "Iron Deficiency Is the Strongest Predictor of Anemia in Indian Adolescents Aged 10–19 years: Evidence from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_046.
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Abstract Objectives Anemia has been a severe public health problem in India for decades, owing to its multifactorial etiology. Large surveys investigating causal factors of anemia in both male and female adolescents 10–19 years have not been available, thus our understanding of optimal interventions has been limited. Using data from a recent national micronutrient survey, our aims were to 1) describe the prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in Indian adolescents and 2) examine risk factors of anemia in this population. Methods Data were from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–18). Analyses were run separately for females (F; n = 3966) and males (M; n = 3944) aged 10–19 years. CNNS used a multi-stage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design. Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies were estimated based on age- and gender-specific WHO cutoffs, using weights for biomarker data. We examined predictors covering socio-demography (age, sex, residence, religion, caste, schooling status, parental education), nutrition (diets, anthropometry, micronutrient status), hygiene, sanitation and access to school-based services. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between these factors and anemia. Results Forty % of females and 18% of males were anemic. The prevalence of anemia was higher in adolescents aged 15–19 years (F: 48%, M: 18%) than those aged 10–14 years (F: 32%, M: 17%). Deficiencies of iron (F: 31%, M: 12%), vitamin B12 (F: 27%, M: 35%), folate (F: 34%, M: 39%), vitamin A (16% in both), vitamin D (F: 35%, M: 14%) and zinc (F: 28% girls, M: 35%) were also common. Iron deficiency was the strongest predictor of anemia (adjusted OR and 95% CI for F: 4.23, 2.99–5.99; M: 4.12, 2.78–6.12). Among females, other risk factors were being older (1.53, 1.09–2.15) and belonging to a disadvantaged caste (1.86, 1.12–3.09). Among males, other risk factors included being older (1.47, 1.02–2.13), being short for age (1.61, 1.12–2.31) and no mobile or internet access (1.59, 1.16–2.19). Conclusions Anemia and MNDs are highly prevalent in Indian adolescents. Iron deficiency is a major biological risk factor for anemia as are a range of social determinants. Program design and targeting should fully account for the range of risk factors. Funding Sources UNICEF, POSHAN.
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Oke, JTO, AD Kehinde, and AJ Akindele. "Determinants of access to credit by cocoa farmers in osun state, nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v9i2.45411.
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This study investigated the determinants of access to credit among cocoa farmers in Osun state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of cocoa farmers in the study area, examined the factors affecting access to credit by cocoa farmers in the study area; and identified the constraints faced by cocoa farmers in credit acquisition. The study was conducted in Osun state, south-western Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for selecting respondents for this study. A total number of 180 farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and logit Regression. The results for the entire respondents showed average values of 46 years for age, 25 years for year of experience, 8 persons for household size, and about 88% of the respondents have formal education. Farm size (p<0.05), income (p<0.05) and years of schooling (p<0.05) show significant and positive effects on access to credit. On the other hand, gender (p<0.05), distance to credit source (p<0.1) and interest rate (p<0.01) are significant but have negative effects on access to credit by cocoa farmers in the study area. Majority (85.6%) of the cocoa farmers acknowledged lack of collateral security as a constraint in credit acquisition, while about 71.1 % acknowledged that high interest rate was a factor hindering credit acquisition. Other factors are acknowledged in the following order: Bureaucratic procedures 60.6%, lack of information about available credit sources 45%, mode of repayment 40%, no credit association 31.1% and non- membership of farmers’-based organization had 23.3%. Following the findings of the study, government, non-governmental agencies and financial institutions should provide cocoa farmers with adequate access to credit facilities and soft loans with low interest and without collateral security. In addition, cocoa farmers should be educated on the acquisition of credit.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 9(2): 57-61, December 2019
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Dahal, Sitasnu, Ram Bilakshan Sah, Surya Raj Niraula, Rajendra Karkee, and Avaniendra Chakravartty. "Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population of Kathmandu." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): e0257037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257037.
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Background According to WHO, the deaths due to NCDs in Nepal have soared from 60% of all deaths in 2014 to 66% in 2018. The study assessed the prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population of Kathmandu. Materials and methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 among 18–69 years adults residing in municipalities of Kathmandu district. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 245 subjects who were interviewed using WHO NCD STEPS instrument. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were done to explore the determinants of NCD risk factors. Results The prevalence of current smoking, alcohol consumption, low intake of fruits and vegetables and low physical activity was found to be 22%, 31%, 93.9% and 10.2% respectively. More than half (52.2%) of the participants were overweight or obese and the prevalence of raised blood pressure was 27.8%. Smoking was associated significantly with male gender (AOR = 2.37, CI: 1.20–5.13) and respondents with no formal schooling (AOR: 4.33, CI: 1.50–12.48). Similarly, the odds of alcohol consumption were higher among male gender (AOR: 2.78, CI: 1.47–5.26), people who were employed (AOR: 2.30, CI: 1.13–4.82), and those who belonged to Chhetri (AOR: 2.83, CI: 1.19–6.72), Janajati (AOR: 6.18, CI: 2.74–13.90), Dalit and Madhesi, (AOR: 7.51, CI: 2.13–26.35) ethnic groups. Furthermore, respondents who were aged 30–44 years (AOR: 5.15, CI: 1.91–13.85) and 45–59 years (AOR: 4.54 CI: 1.63–12.66), who were in marital union (AOR: 3.39, CI: 1.25–9.13), and who belonged to Janajati (AOR: 3.37, CI: 1.61–7.04), Dalit and Madhesi (AOR: 4.62, CI: 1.26–16.86) ethnic groups were more likely to be associated with overweight or obesity. Additionally, the odds of raised blood pressure were higher among people who were of older age (AOR: 6.91, CI: 1.67–28.63) and those who belonged to Janajati ethnic group (AOR: 3.60, CI: 1.46–8.87) after multivariate analysis. Conclusion The findings of the study highlighted high prevalence of behavioral and metabolic risk factors, which varied on different socio-demographic grounds. Thus, population specific health promotion interventions centered on public health interests is recommended to reduce risk factors of NCDs.
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Alcântara, Renata Kelly Lopes de, Maria Lígia Silva Nunes Cavalcante, Bruna Karen Cavalcante Fernandes, Valderina Moura Lopes, Saul Filipe Pedrosa Leite, and Cíntia Lira Borges. "Perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde de idosos institucionalizados." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i3a237384p674-679-2019.
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RESUMO Objetivo: buscou-se descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde de idosos institucionalizados. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado a partir da avaliação de 219 prontuários de idosos, mediante a aplicação de um instrumento semiestruturado. Analisaram-se os dados com o auxílio do SPSS, versão 20.0, e os apresentaram em tabelas. Resultados: obteve-se predomínio de idosos do sexo feminino, média de idade de 77 anos, escolaridade de 4 a 15 anos de estudo, solteiros, católicos, provenientes de domicílio próprio com tempo de institucionalização menor que 5 anos, aposentados e que recebiam visitas. Viu-se acerca das características clínicas que 44,7% tinham de 3 a 4 comorbidades e 49,3% faziam uso de 0 a 4 medicações. Observou-se sobre o grau de dependência que 35,6% dos idosos apresentavam grau III. Conclusão: ressalta-se que os dados descritos estimulam a reflexão sobre questões que influenciam diretamente o processo de adaptação do idoso à institucionalização, bem como a necessidade de a equipe multiprofissional prestar uma assistência individualizada a partir do conhecimento do perfil dos idosos institucionalizados. Descritores: Idoso; Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos; Institucionalização; Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado; Perfil de Saúde; Envelhecimento.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and health profile of institutionalized elderly people. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the evaluation of 219 medical records of the elderly, using a semi-structured instrument. Data were analyzed with the help of the SPSS, version 20.0, and presented in tables. Results: there was a predominance of elderly women, mean age of 77 years, schooling from 4 to 15 years, single marital status, Catholics, coming from their own domicile, with institutionalization time of less than 5 years, retired, and elderly people who received visits. Regarding clinical characteristics, 44.7% had 3 to 4 comorbidities and 49.3% used 0 to 4 medicines. As for the degree of dependence, it was observed that 35.6% of the elderly presented grade III. Conclusion: it is noteworthy that the data described stimulate a reflection on issues that directly influence the process of adaptation of the elderly to institutionalization, as well as the need for the multiprofessional team to provide individualized care based on knowledge of the profile of the institutionalized elderly. Keywords: Elderly; Long Stay Institutions for the Elderly; Institutionalization; Health of Institutionalized Elderly; Health Profile; Aging.RESUMOObjetivo: se buscó describir el perfil sociodemográfico y de salud de adultos mayores institucionalizados. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado a partir de la evaluación de 219 prontuarios de adultos mayores, mediante la aplicación de un instrumento semi-estructurado. Se analizaron los datos con el auxilio del SPSS, versión 20.0, y los presentaron en tablas. Resultados: se obtuvo un predominio de adultos mayores del sexo femenino, media de edad de 77 años, escolaridad de 4 a 15 años de estudio, solteros, católicos, provenientes de domicilio propio con tiempo de institucionalización menor que 5 años, jubilados y que recibían visitas. Se observó en las características clínicas que 44,7% tenían de 3 a 4 comorbilidades y 49,3% usaban de 0 a 4 medicamentos. Se observó el grado de dependencia en que 35,6% de los adultos mayores presentaban grado III. Conclusión: se resalta que los datos descriptos estimulan la reflexión sobre cuestiones que influyen directamente el proceso de adaptación del adulto mayor a la institucionalización, así como la necesidad del equipo multi-profesional prestar una asistencia individualizada a partir del conocimiento del perfil de los adultos mayores institucionalizados. Descriptores: Adulto mayor; Institución de Larga Permanencia para Adultos Mayores; Institucionalización; Salud del Adulto Mayor Institucionalizado; Perfil de Salud; Envejecimiento.
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Devi Artanti, Guspri, Fidesrinur, and Meyke Garzia. "Stunting and Factors Affecting Toddlers in Indonesia." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.12.
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ABSTRACT: Asia is the second region after Africa to have the tallest prevalence of stunting in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia with the fifth highest prevalence of stunting in the world at 37%, or nearly 9 million children who experience stunting. This study aims to examine the factors that influence and risk the occurrence of stunting in children in Indonesia. The research method uses a type of qualitative research with a traditional literature review. This study found that stunting is influenced by several complex factors not only at the individual level but also at the family and community levels. A comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on the determinants of stunting in children in Indonesia outlines who is most vulnerable to stunting, which interventions are successful, and what new research is needed to fill knowledge gaps.
Keywords: Indonesian toddlers, stunting factors
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Barnard, Peter Alexander. "Multi-age organisation, complexity theory and secondary school reform." International Journal of Educational Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-06-2020-0303.
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PurposeAt a time when many education systems are grappling with the issue of school reform, there is a concern that traditional UK secondary schools are organised in a way that makes them unable to respond to increasingly complex environmental demands. This research-based paper uses complexity theory to gauge the organisational differences between (1) the traditional model of schooling based on same-age organisation and (2) a form of organisation based on multi-age tutor groups, one that schools call a vertical tutoring (VT) system. The intention is to highlight the organisational changes made by schools that choose to transition from their same-age iteration to the VT system, and expose organisational assumptions in the dominant same-age structure that may account for the failure of reform.Design/methodology/approachThe author's consultancy and research work spans two decades, and includes around 200 UK secondary schools, and others in China, Japan, South Africa, Australia, Qatar, Germany and Colombia. This conceptual paper draws on the recorded discourse and critical reflections of leadership teams during programmes of transformative learning, the process involved in the transition from one system to another. Using descriptions of school organisation abstracted from the complexity literature, differences in the two models not otherwise apparent, come into sharp focus. These not only reveal a substantive connection between organisation, complexity, and individual and organisational learning, but offer insights into the challenge of school reform.FindingsSame-age organisations act in ways that regulate and restrict the agency of participating actors (staff, students and parents). The effect is to reduce a school’s learning capacity and ability to absorb the value demand on its system. Such a system is closed and non-complex. VT schools construct an open and fluid learning system from the base, deregulating agency. By unfreezing their structure, they intervene in processes of power, necessitating the distribution of leadership to the organisational edge, a process of complexification. The form of organisation chosen by a school explains the failure of reform.Originality/valueInsights from VT schools cast considerable doubt on the viability of traditional same-age structures to serve complex societies and communities, while highlighting the critical role played by complexity theory in organisational praxis. If correct, the current emphasis on teacher “will and skill”, curricular editing, pedagogy and the “what works agenda” will be insufficient to bring about reformational change and more likely to contribute to systemic stasis.
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Deiri, Youmna. "“But Why Do We Need the Bomber to be Studying for a Science Test?”: Racialized Arab Femininities and Masculinities." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, December 9, 2018, 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/132.
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In order to understand the schooling experiences of Saudi students and their families across gender and age in the U.S., this article draws on a multi-sited, multi-age ethnographic study with an Arab family from Saudi Arabia living in the Midwestern region of the United States. Through this study, I empirically illustrate the impact of gendered racialization of Arab femininities and masculinities in educational settings through the stories of Sarah, a 40-year-old undergraduate student, and her 14-year-old son, Ayman. The results of this study highlight the ways these gendered racialized experiences differ based onage and gender as well ashow the participants respond to them. The discussion and implications sections focus on the importance of exposing the hierarchies of violence of complicit anti-Arab racisms as well as areas for improvement for school administrators, policymakers, and teacher education programs.
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Aryogi, Ista. "Subjective Well-being Individu dalam Rumah Tangga Di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v1i1.1900.
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Well-being is multi-dimensional development goals because well-being can not be seen only from individual income, but also the entire condition such as health and education. Complexities in measuring well-being made economists try to measure the individual well-being with subjective well-being approach. One of subjective well-being’s variable is the happiness. This study aims to examine the factors determining the individual happiness in Indonesia. Those factors consist of per capita expenditure, personal assets, and individual characteristics, including yearly working hours, years of schooling, health status, marital status, age, and gender. This study uses logistic and probit regression. Object of this study is the individuals in household based on SUSENAS’s representation that was obtained from Indonesia Family Life Survey in 2007. This research found that income is stil being main determinant of individual happiness. Significant results also were found in the variables of schooling, health status, marital status, and u-shaped in age. From these results, increasing income through various sectors of the economy is needed to reach a higher level of well-being. Health and education should also receive support through infrastructure improvements. Thus, there will be more people that are able to improve their well-being.
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Yusuf, N., E. Salau, and A. A. Girei. "Determinants of Adoption Rate of Rice Production Technologies Introduced by Agricultural Research Outreach Centres (AROCs) by Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, August 22, 2019, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2019/v35i130215.
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The study assessed the determinants of adoption rate of rice production technologies introduced by Agricultural Research Outreach Centres in Nigeria. Data were collected using a multi-sampling technique. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Results revealed that respondents’ mean age was 50 years; level of formal education of farmers was low and farm size was 2.5ha on the average. Age, farming experience, years of schooling and number of extension visits were the socioeconomic determinants affecting rate of adoption. It was recommended that more villages should be selected with partnership between government and the private sector in order to cover more grounds and increase the rate of adoption of new technologies. Also, government and relevant stakeholders should prioritize establishment of the best extension teaching methods and systems as well as administration to help increase adoption rate of innovations and sustainability of the use of these technologies over time.
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"How COVID-19 stress related to schooling and online learning affects adolescent depression and Internet gaming disorder: Testing Conservation of Resources theory with sex difference." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00069.
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Abstract Background and aims The COVID-19 pandemic poses a grim challenge to adolescents’ daily life, including schooling and learning, which has great impacts on their mental and behavioral health. This study aimed to test the roles of stress related to schooling and online learning during COVID-19 (COVID-19 stress) in depression and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among adolescents and the potential mediators of social support, academic stress, and maladaptive emotion regulation based on the framework of Conservation of Resources theory. Sex differences in these associations were further examined. Methods A school-based survey was conducted among Chinese adolescents in 13 secondary schools in Hong Kong (n = 3,136) from September to November 2020 (48.1% males; mean age = 13.6 years old) using stratified random sampling. Results The prevalence of probable depression and IGD was 60% and 15%, respectively. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that the proposed model fit the data well (χ2/df = 7.77, CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05). COVID-19 stress was positively and indirectly associated with both depression and IGD through social support, academic stress, and maladaptive emotion regulation. Multi-group analyses identified that the associations between COVID-19 stress and academic stress, between academic stress and depression, and between social support and depression were stronger among females compared to males. Discussion and conclusions Findings highlight the roles of academic stress, poor social support, maladaptive emotion regulation, and sex to understand how disruption and stress caused by COVID-19 increases adolescent depression and IGD. Psychosocial interventions based on these factors are highly warranted.
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Meller, Fernanda Oliveira, Antônio Augusto Schäfer, Leonardo Pozza Santos, Micaela Rabelo Quadra, and Vanessa Iribarrem Avena Miranda. "Double Burden of Malnutrition and Inequalities in the Nutritional Status of Adults: A Population-Based Study in Brazil, 2019." International Journal of Public Health 66 (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2021.609179.
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Objective: To describe the inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in the adult population.Methods: Study carried out with data from the VIGITEL study, conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian capitals. Underweight and excess weight were evaluated on the basis of years of schooling and age. Multi-level analysis was performed including Human Development Index of each capital and individual-level variables. The inequality slope index was used to assess the magnitude of the inequalities found. All analyses considered the svy command owing to the complexity of the sampling process.Results: 47.119 individuals were studied. Men with no education had 6 percentage points more underweight compared to those with higher education. Higher prevalence of excess weight was found among men with higher education and women with no education. In women, the difference was 18 percentage points between extreme categories. Elderly people with no education had 10 percentage points more excess weight than those with higher education.Conclusions: The findings suggest the need for intersectoral actions that can cope with the social inequalities and help confronting with the DBM in Brazil.
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Kansiime, Catherine, Laura Hytti, Kate Andrews Nelson, Belen Torondel, Suzanna C. Francis, Clare Tanton, Giulia Greco, et al. "Menstrual health interventions, schooling, and mental health problems among Ugandan students (MENISCUS): study protocol for a school-based cluster-randomised trial." Trials 23, no. 1 (September 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06672-4.
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Abstract Background Menstrual health is an increasingly recognised public health issue, defined as complete physical, mental, and social well-being in relation to the menstrual cycle. The MENISCUS trial aims to assess whether a multi-component intervention addressing physical and emotional aspects of menstrual health improves educational attainment, mental health problems, menstrual management, self-efficacy, and quality of life among girls in secondary school in Uganda. Methods The study is a parallel-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial with 60 schools (clusters) in Wakiso and Kalungu districts, with a mixed-methods process evaluation to assess intervention fidelity and acceptability and economic and policy analyses. The schools will be randomised 1:1 to immediate intervention or to optimised usual care with delayed intervention delivery. The intervention includes creation of a Menstrual Health Action Group at schools and NGO-led training of trainers on puberty education, development of a drama skit, delivery of a menstrual health kit including reusable pads and menstrual cups, access to pain management strategies including analgesics, and basic improvements to school water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities. Baseline data will be collected from secondary 2 students in 2022 (median age ~15.5 years), with endline after 1 year of intervention delivery (~3600 females and a random sample of ~900 males). The primary outcomes assessed in girls are (i) examination performance based on the Mathematics, English, and Biology curriculum taught during the intervention delivery (independently assessed by the Uganda National Examinations Board) and (ii) mental health problems using the Total Difficulties Scale of the Strengths and Difficulties 25-item questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are menstrual knowledge and attitudes in girls and boys and, in girls only, menstrual practices, self-efficacy in managing menstruation, quality of life and happiness, prevalence of urogenital infections, school and class attendance using a self-completed menstrual daily diary, and confidence in maths and science. Discussion The trial is innovative in evaluating a multi-component school-based menstrual health intervention addressing both physical and emotional aspects of menstrual health and using a “training of trainers” model designed to be sustainable within schools. If found to be cost-effective and acceptable, the intervention will have the potential for national and regional scale-up. Trial registration ISRCTN 45461276. Registered on 16 September 2021
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Bwambale, Mulekya F., Paul Bukuluki, Cheryl A. Moyer, and Bart H. W. Van den Borne. "Utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among street children and young adults in Kampala, Uganda: does migration matter?" BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (February 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06173-1.
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Abstract Background While the nexus of migration and health outcomes is well acknowledged, the effect of rural–urban migration on the use of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services has received less attention. We assessed the effect of rural–urban migration on the use of SRH services, while controlling for confounding, and whether there is a difference in the use of SRH services among migrant and non-migrant street children and young adults. Methods Data were collected from 513 street children and young adults aged 12–24 years, using venue-based time-space sampling (VBTS). We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis using Stata 16.0 to identify factors associated with SRH services use, with rural–urban migration status as the main predictor. Participants were further classified as new migrants (≤ 2 years of stay in city), established migrants (> 2 years of stay in city) or non-migrants (lifelong native street children) with no rural–urban migration history. Results Overall, 18.13% of the street children and young adults had used contraception/family planning, 58.67% had tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and knew their status and 34.70% had been screened for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Non-migrants were 2.70 times more likely to use SRH services (HIV testing, STI screening and family planning) compared to the migrants (aOR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.23–5.97). Other factors associated with SRH services use among street children and young adults include age (aOR = 4.70, 95% CI 2.87–7.68), schooling status (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.76), knowledge of place of care (aOR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.64–4.46) and access to SRH information (aOR = 3.23, 95% CI 2.00–5.24). Conclusions SRH services utilisation among migrant street children and young adults is low compared to their non-migrant counterparts and is independently associated with migration status, age, schooling status, knowledge of place of care and access to SRH information. Our findings call for the need to design and implement multi-dimensional interventions to increase the use of SRH services among street children and young adults, while taking into consideration their migration patterns.
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Watumo, Desta, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Tesfaye Gobena, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, and Degu Jerene. "Predictors of loss to follow-up among adult tuberculosis patients in Southern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (May 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13390-8.
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Abstract Background Loss to follow-up (LTFU) from tuberculosis (TB) treatment and care is a major public health problem as patients can be infectious and also may develop a multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The study aimed to assess whether LTFU differs by the distance TB patients travelled to receive care from the nearest health facility. Methods A total of 402 patient cards of TB patients who received care were reviewed from March 1–30, 2020. The Kaplan-Meir curve with the Log-rank test was used to compare differences in LTFU by the distance travelled to reach to the nearest health facility for TB care. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify predictors. All statistical tests are declared significant at a p-value< 0.05. Results A total of 37 patients were LTFU with the incidence rate of 11.26 per 1000 person-months of observations (PMOs) (95% CI: 8.15–15.53). The incidence rate ratio was 12.19 (95% CI: 5.01–35.73) among the groups compared (those who travelled 10 km or more versus those who travelled less than 10 km). Age ≥ 45 years (aHR = 7.71, 95% CI: 1.72, 34.50), educational status (primary schooling, aHR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.49, 8.40; secondary schooling, aHR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.03), lack of family support (aHR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.27, 6.19), nutritional support (aHR = 3.40, 95% CI:1.68, 6.89), ≥ 10 km distance to travel to a health facility (aHR = 6.06, 95% CI: 2.33, 15.81) had significantly predicted LTFU from TB treatment and care. Conclusions LTFU from adult TB care and treatment was 12 times higher among those who travelled ≥10 km to reach a health facility compared to those who travelled less. To retain adult TB patients in care and ensure appropriate treatment, health professionals and other stakeholders should give due attention to the factors that drive LTFU. We suggest identifying concerns of older patients at admission and those who travel long distance and establish social support platforms that could help people to complete TB treatment.
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Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abate Bekelle Belachew, Letekirstos Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik, Yodit Zewdie Berhe, Haftu Berhe Gebru, Alemayohu Bayray Kahsay, and Atkilt Girma Gebrekidan. "Contraceptive use and its determinants among adolescent women in Tigray, Ethiopia: a multilevel modeling." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, September 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2020-0107.
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AbstractBackgroundAdolescent women are central for intergenerational health of human populations. Adolescent women are the most vulnerable to a range of reproductive health problems. One of the leading causes of death for adolescent women is complications from childbirth and pregnancy. Contraceptive prevents the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies and its complications, thus potentially lower the death rate for adolescent women. However, contraceptive use assumed to be affected by multilevel factors thus needs statistical modeling that account the effect of these factors. Understanding multilevel factors affecting contraceptive use among adolescent women is important for improving the access to and quality of health services.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the contraceptive use and its multilevel determinants among adolescent women in Tigray region.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Women who were 15–19 years of age residing in the selected households at the time of data collection were included in the survey. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select study units. A multivariable two-level mixed effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to assess the effect of the explanatory variables on contraceptive use.ResultsA total of 1,755 adolescent women were participated. Of these 12.3% were contraceptive users. Pills (40%) and intrauterine device (30%) were commonly used contraceptive methods. Educational level, schooling, marital status, age, being informed about contraceptive, health facility visit, duration of stay at their residence, having partner and hearing of contraceptive use message through media were the most important determinants for use of contraceptive among adolescent women. Study participants who were not at school currently had more likely to use contraceptive methods compared to those who were at school (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.502, 4.183). Similarly, adolescent women who had no history of health facility visit had less likely to use contraceptive methods than those have history of health facility visit (AOR=0.057; 95% CI: 0.034, 0.096). Adolescent women who heard of contraceptive through median had two times (AOR=2.103; 95% CI: 1.207, 3.664) more likely to use contraceptive methods than those not heard contraceptive through media.Conclusion and recommendationThe factors affecting use of contraceptive method among adolescent women were educational level, schooling, marital status, age, being informed about contraceptive, health facility visit, duration of stay at their residence, having partner and hearing of contraceptive use message through media. This study recommends that in order to increase use of contraceptive method among adolescent women, interventions should continue like the promotion of contraceptive methods through media.
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Elnakib, Shatha, Kara Hunersen, Janna Metzler, Hailu Bekele, and W. Courtland Robinson. "Child marriage among Somali refugees in Ethiopia: a cross sectional survey of adolescent girls and adult women." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (June 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11080-5.
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Abstract Background Despite child marriage receiving increased attention over the past two decades, research on child marriage in humanitarian settings remains scarce. This study sought to quantify child marriage among Somali adolescent girls residing in Kobe refugee camp in Ethiopia and to identify its correlates and consequences. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster-based sampling with probability proportional to size. We randomly sampled households that have at least one female aged 15–49 and at least one adolescent female aged 10–19. In addition to calculating the proportion of girls married under age 18, we used survival methods – namely Kaplan Meier graphs and Cox proportional hazard models – to identify risk factors associated with child marriage in this context. We also used descriptive statistics to describe marital age preferences among female adults and presented measures of important sexual and reproductive health indicators among married adolescent girls. Results A total of 603 adult women were surveyed and a household roster was created with information on 3319 household members, of whom 522 were adolescent girls aged 15–19. Of those, 14% were currently married (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.11–0.18), and 11% were ever married under age 18 (95% CI 8–15%). Several variables were found to be significantly associated with hazard of child marriage including schooling, sex and employment status of head of household, as well as number of girls under age 18 in the childhood home.. Adult women tended to incorrectly identify minimum legal age at marriage and preferred low marital age for boys and girls – particularly in households of child brides. Among married adolescent girls, contraceptive use was very low (11%; 95% CI 4.94–22.40), and early childbearing was common (60%; 95% CI 45.56–72.89). Conclusions This research contributes to the evidence base on child marriage in humanitarian settings. Insights generated from this study have the potential to inform programs and interventions aiming to prevent and mitigate the impacts of this harmful practice.
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Barroso, Léa LMMB, Karla KCP Pereira, Paulo PCA Almeida, and Marli MTGG Galvão. "Compliance with antiretroviral treatment among patients with AIDS - a descriptive study." Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.2006290.
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Objective: To assess compliance with antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) among HIV/aids patients and to propose strategies that would facilitate it. Methods: A study of the descriptive and exploratory type was conducted at a specialized outpatient clinic in Fortaleza-CE between May and June 2004, with Thirty-eight patients with aids taking ARVT of a structured interview. Compliance was calculated on the basis of the sum of the total quantities of ARVT pills taken during the three days preceding the interview. A patient who used at least 95% of the amount of ARVT prescribed was considered to be compliant. Results: There was a predominance of males aged 30 years or more, with elementary schooling, married, Catholic, unemployed and with a family income of up to one minimum wage. The rate of compliance was 71%. Correlation of the different variables showed that non-compliance was related to male sex, age range between 20 and 29 years, low educational level, being single, being unemployed, and having low financial resources. Conclusions: Among the different socioeconomic variables, age showed statistical significance, i.e., the older individuals tended to show more compliance. It is assumed that the intervention of health professionals directly aimed at improving the use of specific medications may act as a facilitating factor in the process and maintenance of the expected pattern of compliance. In this respect, we suggest that adequate organization of the service and of a multi-professional team, the creation of ties and the formation of adhesion groups, in addition to individual care, may respond to the expectations and the doubts due to the continuous use of ARVT.
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Gabe, Kamila Tiemann, and Patricia Constante Jaime. "Convergent validity and invariance analysis of a scale to measure adherence to eating practices recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 25 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720220009.
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ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the convergent validity and invariance of a scale to measure adherence to eating practices recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Methods: A subsample (n=1309) of the NutriNet-Brasil cohort (self-filled web-based study) answered the 24-items scale based on the Guide, as well as socioeconomic and dietary questionnaires. The score in the scale (eGuia) was compared by Spearman’s correlation with scores of fresh and minimally processed foods (eG1) and ultra-processed foods (eG4) consumption, both composed of the average number of food items consumed in three random days. Correlations’ direction and strength were observed to infer convergent validity. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess scale invariance at the configural, factorial and metric levels, between subgroups of sex (men/women), age (≤37/>37, being 37 the median) and years of schooling (≤11/>11). The model was invariant when the goodness-of-fit indices varied within acceptable ranges compared to the previous level. Results: Participants were on average 39 years old (sd=13.7), 53% were women and 69% had more than 11 years of education. Correlations between eGuia and eG1, and between eGuia and eG4 were 0.56 and -0.51 (p<0.001), respectively. In all sociodemographic groups, the goodness-of-fit indices varied within acceptable ranges. Conclusion: The correlations show that the eating practices measured by the scale are aligned with a healthy food consumption, showing its convergent validity. In this sample, the scale measured the same dimensions, showed equivalence of items’ factor loadings, and generated comparable scores between subgroups of sex, age, and education.
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Antunes Pereira, Raíssa, Marle Alvarenga, Laila S. Andrade, Renata R. Teixeira, Paula C. Teixeira, Wanderson R. da Silva, and Lilian Cuppari. "MO608INTUITIVE EATING CHANGES AFTER A BEHAVIORAL MULTI-SESSION GROUP INTERVENTION FOR DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF WOMEN WITH CKD." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab089.0021.
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Abstract Background and Aims Approaches promoting eating guided by internal cues, such as intuitive eating (IE), have emerged as an alternative to decrease the impact of external cues on eating behavior while simultaneously avoiding the risk for dysfunctional eating. IE helps to connect with internal cues (i.e. hunger and satiety) and feelings rather than relying on external strategies to regulate what, how much and when to eat. In obese women, IE-based approaches have shown to enhance motivation and adherence to lifestyle changes, hence improving metabolic and psychological parameters, quality of life and diet quality. However, studies evaluating IE in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a behavioral multi-session group intervention on IE scores of overweight non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD women. Method This is a prospective non-controlled clinical trial of a behavioral multi-session group intervention for dietary management. It was conducted with overweight women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Each group comprised 5-8 participants in fifteen weekly or biweekly sessions lasting about 90 minutes. Most of IE principles were discussed throughout the meetings. IE scale 2 (IES2) translated and adapted to Brazilian population and composed of 23 questions with 5-point Likert response scale ranging from 1=“strongly disagree” to 5=“strongly agree” and four-factor model (Unconditional Permission to Eat, Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons, Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues, and Body-Food Choice Congruence) was applied before and after the intervention. The higher the score, the higher the intuitive eating attitudes. Results Of the 33 patients that initiated the study, 23 patients [age=62.0 (58.0-68.0) years; schooling= 9.0 (7.0-12.0) years of study; BMI=32.6 (30.2-39.3); eGFR=28.0 (22.0-31.0) ml/min/1.73m²] completed the intervention. Figure 1 shows the results regarding IES2. Conclusion The intervention approaching IE principles was effective to improve IE attitudes in the studied patients. With exception for “body-food choice congruence”, all IE subscales improved after intervention. These results are promising and may contribute to a paradigm change in the strategies aiming to enhance motivation and adherence to dietary recommendations in CKD population.
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Oladimeji, Yusuf U., Haneefat O. Yusuf, Suleiman Yusuf, and Zakari Abdulsalam. "Cost and Calorie Analysis of Food Consumption in Artisanal Fishery Households in North-Western and North-Central Nigeria." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v3i1.165.
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A study was conducted to assess- the food calorie intake and factors that determine food security status of fisherfolks in North-Central and North-Western Nigeria. Data were collected from 267 rural fishery households using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. The main tools of analysis include descriptive statistics, Cost of calorie intake and Tobit models. The study revealed that the fishery household heads were male dominated (94%); average age of 49 years with mean adjusted household size of 8. The estimated mean years of schooling of sampled fisherfolks were 3.5 years, largely skewed towards the informal education and below 2015 UNDP mean education index of 5 years for Nigeria. The calorie intake for the secured fisherfolks households recorded higher values for the entire food intake than the insecured households. The result showed that only 35.58% of the sampled fisheries households were food secured while majority (64.42%) of the sampled households were food insecured. The determinants of food insecurity status were socio-economic variables and those factors that influenced the food secured fisherfolks showed slight variation from those influenced households that were food insecured and where it did, it was not by the same magnitude and direction. There is need for an appropriate policy mix that will promote the increased production of legumes and animal protein foods in the study area to raise and meet the minimum average protein required per caput per day. Food insecure households should be educate by extension agents through their cooperative societies to increase production of maize, sorghum, millet, rice and cowpea to enhance their food security status.
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Westaway, MS, and P. Rheeder. "The effect of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on health-related quality of life (HRQOL)." Curationis 24, no. 1 (September 28, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v24i1.805.
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Improving the quality of life of all South Africans has become a major concern to health care practitioners, organisations and politicians. However, the paucity of local information on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) does not allow us to address this public health challenge. In order to rectify this deficiency and complement international research, we undertook a study with 281 Type 2 Black diabetic patients and 437 controls, with no self-reported chronic conditions, to ascertain HRQOL. We used the SF-20 to measure functioning, general health, wellbeing and bodily pain (HRQOL). It was hypothesised that diabetes mellitus significantly affects functioning, general health and well-being. Multiple analyses of covariance controlled for age, schooling, marital status, employment status and commodity ownership (a socio-economic measure). Patients were significantly more likely to report poorer role functioning, poorer general health and more pain than controls, providing partial support for the hypothesis. Reliability (internal consistency) coefficients on the four multi-item SF-20 sub-scales ranged between 0.79 (well-being), 0.81 (general health), 0.83 (physical functioning) and 0.94 (role functioning) for patients; for controls these coefficients ranged between 0.70 (well-being), 0.78 (general health), 0.80 (physical functioning) and 0.90 (role functioning). Inter-correlations among the sub-scales were significant for patients and controls (p = 0.01). It was concluded that the SF-20 is a reliable instrument for measuring HRQOL in both patient and control samples, and diabetes mellitus has more impact on general health and level of pain than on well-being. Key words: Functioning, general health, well-being, quality of life
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Olapeju, Bolanle, Habtamu Tamene, Minyahil Ayele, Simon Heliso, Tsega Berhanu, Guda Alemayehu, and Nandita Kapadia-Kundu. "Psychosocial factors associated with malaria care-seeking in rural Ethiopia." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (August 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13862-x.
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Abstract Background Ethiopia’s National Malaria Control and Elimination Program aims to diagnose all suspected malaria cases within 24 h of fever onset and provide prompt treatment for confirmed cases. This study explored psychosocial factors associated with no-, delayed- and prompt- care-seeking among female caregivers of children under five years with fever in rural Ethiopia. Methods Household surveys were conducted from 2016–2019 among female caregivers (N = 479) of children under five years old with fever in Oromia; Amhara; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR); and Tigray. Prompt and delayed care-seeking were defined as seeking treatment within ≤ 24 h or > 24 h of symptom onset respectively. Contextual factors explored included sociodemographic factors, household supply of bed nets, exposure to health messages, and household vulnerability (a measure of financial access to food, shelter, schooling, and medical treatment). Ideational factors included psychosocial factors related to care-seeking (knowledge, self-efficacy, response efficacy, attitudes, involvement in decision-making, and household social support). Results The prevalence of fever among children under five years was 18% (ranging from 9% in Tigray to 34% in SNNPR. Overall, 45% of caregivers of children with fever sought care promptly, while 23% delayed care-seeking and 32% sought no care. Prompt care-seeking rates were higher among caregivers with positive attitudes toward prompt care-seeking (48%), involved in decision-making (48%) or perceived equitable gender norms in the community (65%). Caregivers with a high care-seeking ideation had increased odds of prompt care-seeking (aOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.74–4.02). Significant contextual factors included residence in the Oromia region (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI:1.40–6.41), caregivers age 35–49 years (aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26–0.95), residence in vulnerable households (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.28–3.18). Conclusions Among this rural Ethiopian population, prompt care-seeking was low but positively influenced by both ideational and contextual psychosocial factors occurring at the caregiver level. Multi-sectoral interventions at the individual, community, and health facility levels are needed to improve prompt care-seeking. These include social behavior change interventions to improve ideation, complemented by health facility interventions to ensure provision of high-quality services and structural interventions to increase educational attainment in these rural settings.