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Peruzzo, Katia. "Terminological Equivalence and Variation in the EU Multi-level Jurisdiction: A Case Study on Victims of Crime." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8592.
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2011/2012Il progetto di ricerca ha lo scopo di analizzare la terminologia giuridica in lingua inglese e italiana relativa alla figura della vittima di reato e radicata nello spazio giuridico europeo, caratterizzato dalla coesistenza dell’ordinamento giuridico sovranazionale dell’Unione europea (UE) e degli ordinamenti giuridici nazionali del Regno Unito e dell’Italia. Secondo l’ipotesi principale alla base del progetto, il linguaggio giuridico è intrinsecamente caratterizzato da un certo grado di dinamismo terminologico, che si esprime sia a livello linguistico, con una serie di termini utilizzati per riferirsi a uno stesso concetto, sia a livello concettuale, dove si riflettono le diverse concettualizzazioni della stessa area del diritto. Poiché la terminologia giuridica analizzata nella presente tesi si colloca in uno spazio giuridico che vede il sovrapporsi di vari ordinamenti, si presume che detto dinamismo si manifesti in due diversi contesti linguistici. Nel primo contesto, che è di tipo intralinguistico, viene presa in considerazione la terminologia utilizzata nelle varianti nazionale e sovranazionale della stessa lingua, mentre nel secondo contesto, di tipo interlinguistico, la terminologia è esaminata da una prospettiva multilingue. Al fine di verificare la veridicità di tale ipotesi, è stata sviluppata una metodologia per l’analisi della terminologia giuridica in cui la distinzione tra genotipi e fenotipi introdotta da Sacco (1991) si unisce ai principi metodologici proposti da Cabré (1999a) per il lavoro terminografico. Per poter applicare detta metodologia è stato necessario costruire un corpus bilingue di testi dell’Unione europea e una collezione di testi di origine nazionale, entrambi incentrati sulla figura della vittima di reato. L’analisi della terminologia estratta ha rivelato che, nel primo contesto linguistico, il dinamismo intralinguistico si riflette nella variazione terminologica, che può interessare sia la sfera linguistica della terminologia (variazione denominativa) sia la sfera concettuale (variazione concettuale). La variazione denominativa consiste nell’esistenza di più unità terminologiche per designare uno stesso concetto, che però non comporta modifiche sostanziali nei relativi fenotipi. Nel caso della variazione concettuale, invece, è possibile riscontrare un certo anisomorfismo nei fenotipi. In entrambi i casi, tuttavia, tutti i termini interessati dal fenomeno della variazione terminologica mantengono la relazione con uno stesso genotipo. Si è proposta una classificazione della variazione denominativa prendendo in considerazione quattro variabili, ossia il livello di specializzazione, il periodo temporale, l’ordinamento giuridico e la valenza giuridica. Visto l’approccio metodologico adottato nel presente progetto di ricerca, in cui la terminologia giuridica dell’Unione europea è presa come punto di partenza ai fini dell’analisi terminologica e della strutturazione preliminare del sistema concettuale relativo al dominio, la variazione concettuale è stata riscontrata con minor frequenza rispetto alla variazione denominativa. Nell’analisi del secondo tipo di variazione terminologica, ossia della variazione concettuale, è stata presa in considerazione un’unica variabile, ovvero l’ordinamento giuridico. In base a tale variabile, la variazione concettuale è stata classificata come intra-sistemica, qualora sia riscontrata nell’ambito dello stesso ordinamento giuridico, ed inter-sistemica, qualora l’ordinamento sovranazionale e quello nazionale elaborino due fenotipi concettualmente diversi che, a prescindere dalle divergenze concettuali, possono essere ricondotti allo stesso genotipo. Nel secondo contesto linguistico, ovvero quello multilingue, la terminologia giuridica si è dimostrata caratterizzata da diversi gradi di equivalenza interlinguistica. Essendo la terminologia esaminata radicata in tre sistemi giuridici diversi, sono stati individuati due diversi tipi di equivalenza terminologica, ossia l’equivalenza intra- e inter-sistemica, e tre diversi gradi di equivalenza terminologica, ovvero l’equivalenza assoluta, l’equivalenza relativa e la non equivalenza. Altro scopo della presente tesi era quello di registrare le informazioni terminologiche raccolte in una base di conoscenza terminologica orientata alla traduzione giuridica. Giacché la terminologia esaminata è caratterizzata da un alto tasso di dipendenza dall’ordinamento giuridico a cui fa riferimento, la base di conoscenza terminologica MuLex è stata concepita specificamente come ausilio alla traduzione giuridica. MuLex ha quindi lo scopo di esplicitare le differenze riscontrate tra i sistemi giuridici esaminati e spiegare le peculiarità dell’uso di tale terminologia giuridica agli utenti finali. Al fine di ottimizzare la rappresentazione della conoscenza soggiacente la terminologia giuridica, le schede terminografiche in MuLex sono dotate di uno strumento di visualizzazione che consente la rappresentazione grafica delle strutture relazionali concettuali che raffigurano i concetti analizzati registrati nella base di conoscenza stessa.
The research project aims at studying the English and Italian legal terminology related to the area of law of victims of crime and embedded in the multi-level jurisdiction provided by the supranational legal system of the European Union (EU), on the one hand, and the British and Italian national legal systems, on the other. The main hypothesis is that legal language is inherently characterised by terminological dynamism, which emerges both at the linguistic level – with different terms used to refer to individual legal concepts – and at the conceptual level, where different conceptualisations of the same legal domain are reflected. Since the bilingual legal terminology that has been examined occurs within a judicial space in which several legal systems are interconnected, such dynamism is expected to manifest itself in two different linguistic settings. In the first, the terminology in a national and an EU variety of the same language is taken into consideration, while in the second setting, terminology is studied from a multilingual perspective. In order to verify the main hypothesis, a methodological framework has been set out, on the basis of both the methodological premises for terminological analysis proposed by Cabré (1999a) and the distinction between genotypes and phenotypes introduced by Sacco (1991). Such a methodology required the compilation of a bilingual corpus of EU legal texts and a collection of national legal texts focusing on the figure of the victim of crime. The examination of the terminology extracted has shown that in the first linguistic setting envisaged, intralingual dynamism is reflected in terminological variation, which can affect either the linguistic layer (denominative variation) or the conceptual layer (conceptual variation) of terminology, with denominative variation consisting in the co-existence of several terminological units in which no substantial difference in the phenotypes involved is produced, while in conceptual variation anisomorphism among the phenotypes can be observed. In both cases, all the terms affected by the phenomenon of terminological variation are related to the same genotype. A classification of denominative variation has been proposed based on four variables, i.e. degree of specialisation, time span, legal system, and legal force. Due to the methodology adopted in this research project, in which the EU legal terminology has been taken as the starting point for both the terminological analysis and the preliminary conceptual structuring of the legal area of the study, conceptual variation has emerged to be less frequent than denominative variation. By taking the legal system as a variable in the analysis of conceptual variation, such variation has been subdivided into intra-systemic variation, occurring within a single legal system, and inter-systemic variation, when the supranational and the national legal systems elaborate two conceptually different phenotypes which, in spite of their conceptual anisomorphism, can be linked to the same genotype. In the second linguistic setting, where terminology is studied from a multilingual perspective, legal terminology has turned out to be characterised by different degrees of interlingual equivalence. On account of the embeddedness of the legal terminology examined in three different legal systems, different types and degrees of terminological equivalence have been identified and discussed: the types of terminological equivalence are intra-systemic and inter-systemic equivalence, while the degrees of equivalence are absolute equivalence, relative equivalence and non-equivalence. Another aim of this thesis was to record the collected terminological data in a legal translation-oriented terminological knowledge base (TKB). The terminology under discussion is characterised by a high degree of dependency on the legal system it refers to and the MuLex terminological knowledge base was specifically designed for helping the work of legal translators. This TKB aims at capturing the differences among the legal systems involved in the study and showing the peculiarities in the usage of legal terminology in such legal systems to its end users. For optimising the representation of the domain-specific knowledge implied by legal terminology, in MuLex terminographic entries integrate a tool enabling the graphic representation of the conceptual relational structures among the concepts analysed and recorded in the TKB.
XXV Ciclo
1982
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Cousquer, Glen Olivier. "Knowing the mule : faring well in Moroccan mountain tourism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31192.
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The emergence of the mule's role as a beast of burden working in mountain tourism is founded on our appreciation of this species' great attributes as a means of transport in the mountain environment. Our appreciation of mules does not always extend to their care and welfare. This is particularly true of the mountain tourism industry in Morocco, where this study is situated. Why has there been a collective absencing of the mule from the consciences of those involved in this industry? In seeking to answer this question and in moving towards the question of how the mountain tourism industry can be more present to the mule and to mule welfare, this thesis explores the multiple ways in which we know the mule. Drawing on a ten-year engagement with the industry, extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the High Atlas and an Action Research initiative supporting tour operators as they develop and implement welfare policy and practice, this thesis explores how mule welfare can be viewed as emerging from a multiplicity of practices that, in failing to cohere, become subject to negotiation and ontological politics. An alternative community approach based on dialogue is evoked that might allow a consensus to emerge over how welfare should be practised. The thesis focuses on the quality of the relationship between mules and humans. It emphasises the importance of genuine meeting and dialogue and the need for spaces and places in which mules and humans can come together to identify how they can establish relationships based on mutual trust and understanding rather than on control and domination. In prototyping better relationships between mules, muleteers and their employers, this thesis offers the mountain tourism industry transformative pathways toward a more equitable and sustainable co-creative project.
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Konokh, Polina. "Mule Nation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3129.
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This thesis project is a TV pilot and the second episode of the show. There is also a critical essay that serves as an explanation of the creative work.
There are multiple problems addressed in the text, such as growing up, living in the modern world, countries not working properly for their citizens and other important issues of our modern life, with a thorough explanation of some of them in the critical essay.
The screenplays are formatted according to the current industry standards.
The result of this thesis is two first episodes of a potential TV show.
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Björk, Johannes. "Uppgradering av serviceprogrammet Mule." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-12469.
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Srisombati, Sirida. "BKK-LAX : transurban mules and low-rent globalization /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Marshal, Jason Paul. "Interactions of mule deer, vegetation, and water in the Sonoran Desert." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2005_031_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Scarbrough, David Lyle. "SEXUAL SEGREGATION BY DESERT MULE DEER (ARIZONA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291260.
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Hayes, Charles Laforest 1966. "Nocturnal activity of female desert mule deer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291515.
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I quantified nocturnal activity of female desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) in the Belmont and Bighorn Mountains, Arizona, 1990. I determined seasonal differences in percent of time active and distances moved at night from locations of radio-collared deer. I compared nocturnal home ranges and habitat use to those obtained from daytime locations. Activity differed among seasons (P = 0.046). Nocturnal activity was greatest in spring and summer, and decreased in winter. Movement distances also varied with seasons (P = 0.045). Most of the area of nocturnal home ranges (88%) fell within daytime home ranges. Use of habitat in relation to availability was consistent between day and night for 6 of 8 vegetation associations. Use of disturbed sites increased at night (P < 0.01).
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Moore, Sean Ryan. "Mutex Locking versus Hardware Transactional Memory: An Experimental Evaluation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78164.
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It has historically been the case that CPUs have run programs ever faster without significant intervention on the behalf of the programmer. However, this "free lunch" has largely ended due to the end of exponentially increasing core frequency and the current slow increase in instruction-level parallelism but continues to a degree in cache size improvements. But since Moore's law still largely continues "lunch", i.e. program performance, can still be bought at the price of rewriting code for multiple cores, which is enabled by the trend Moore's law describes. Multicore architectures cannot aid performance for problems whose solutions are necessarily sequential in nature and writing efficient and correct concurrent programs is not easy in all cases when using synchronization methods like fine-grained mutex locks.
Transactional memory, and its implementation as hardware transactional memory, allow programmers to write concurrent applications without the attendant complexity of programming with mutex locks. This allows programmers to focus on optimizing the application for performance. Given that transactions can run two segments of code in parallel that a mutex lock would force to run sequentially and that transactions can abort, causing a program to do the same work more than once, whether transactions perform better or worse than mutex locks is dependent on the program's execution profile and the coarseness or fineness at which mutex locks are used.
In this thesis the GNU C Library's futex implementation of mutex locks and Intel's Restricted Transactional Memory have been compared and the behavior of those transactions has been analyzed. This analysis includes a pathological behavior permitted by the GNU C Library's hardware transactional memory implementation of mutex locks. The tradeoffs between fine-grained and global locking implementations have been discussed, compared, and used in the context of fallback locks for hardware transactions. This thesis provides evidence to the effect that fine-grained locking is not critical for program performance and that in many cases global locking and hardware transactions can provide nearly equivalent performance without the programming difficulties. This work has shown that across the 23 applications examined, with relation to their original locking implementation, a global locking scheme without elision has a 0.96x speedup, Intel's Restricted Transactional Memory (RTM) with the application's original locks as a fallback has a 1.01x speedup and with global lock fallback RTM has a speedup of 0.97x.
This work is supported in part by NAVSEA/NEEC under grant 3003279297. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of NAVSEA.Master of Science
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Hervert, John Joseph. "Mule deer use of water developments in Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_270_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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RAUTENSTRAUCH, KURT ROBERT. "ECOLOGY OF DESERT MULE DEER IN SOUTHWEST ARIZONA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184095.
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I evaluated methods of preventing desert mule deer from drowning in the concrete-lined Mohawk Canal, southwest Arizona, and monitored the movements of deer using this canal. A 15 km study section of the Mohawk Canal where most previous drownings occurred was checked 478 times from June 1982 through September 1985 and 5,307 deer-canal interactions (DCI) were recorded. Ninety-eight percent of the DCI were recorded from April through September. Deer fell into this canal ≥ 279 times: 116 escaped via steps, 79 via ramps, and 50 escaped unaided. Only 5 deer drowned in sections of the Mohawk Canal with escape structures; 7 deer and 2 bighorn sheep drowned in sections without escape structures. Deer approached the canal to drink, not to cross. Maintaining depths to water of ≤ 30 cm will reduce the number of deer falling into the canal. The Mohawk Canal escape structures are adequately designed and spaced to prevent most summer mortalities. Deer use of 2 water catchments build to provide alternate water sources for deer drinking from the Mohawk Canal increased significantly each year. Each time a deer drank from these catchments was one less opportunity for a deer to fall into the canal. I monitored desert mule deer movements in a xeric region of the Sonoran Desert from October 1982 through November 1984 to determine the influence water availability and rainfall patterns have on deer movements. Ten of 15 radio-collared deer monitored for >1 year migrated to areas with permanent water in April or May and left those areas soon after summer rains started. Deer did not migrate to areas receiving the most summer rainfall. Home range sizes are larger (annual x = 145.2 km², range = 47.0 - 566.6 km²) than any previously reported for mule deer.
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Hazam, John Eric 1947. "Desert mule deer water consumption in southcentral Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191928.
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I monitored desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) to determine their drinking frequency and water consumption in the Picacho Mountains in the summer of 1986 when temperatures were ≤46 C. Three radio-collared males consumed water 1 time/24 hours over 10 days. Deer consumed from 1.52 to 6.01 liters/visit (X = 3.70, SE = 0.13, N = 54). Females drank more (X = 4.16, N = 20) than males (X = 3.55, N = 24) during late summer (P < 0.05). To measure water consumption of large, free ranging mammals, I developed a technique using a microflowmeter. Water consumption was measured in 0.01 liter units and measurements were linear for volumes ≥1 liter. Field accuracy was within 1%. I observed nocturnal behavior from 250 m using infrared lights and high magnification lenses with a nightscope. Desert mule deer can be censused in summer based on the frequency that they visit waterholes. The minimum water requirements for a captive female desert mule deer (55 ml/kg⁰•⁸/day) indicate an ability to conserve water.
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Schwender, Megan. "Mule Deer and Wildlife Crossings in Utah, USA." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1465.
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Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) negatively impact wildlife populations and create dangerous driving situations for motorists. In Utah, USA, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) encounter a variety of hazards as they attempt to cross highways and interstates, some of which are 8 lanes wide. Agencies have sought to mitigate the risks posed to drivers and mule deer by building crossing structures for wildlife. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of crossing structures in Utah to safely pass mule deer under highways and to determine the variables that best explain mule deer passage use. From 2008 - 2011 we used 26 camera traps to measure levels of mule deer use of 9 culverts and 4 bridges in Utah. We tested for relationships between mule deer structure use and a variety of structural and landscape attributes at each site, including 2 time variables: time since the structure was built and time each structure was monitored by our camera traps. We also developed and tested a new equation (window ratio) that measured culvert openness to approaching mule deer. In the single variable regression models, mule deer structure use was positively correlated with short culverts and coarse scale shrub cover, and negatively correlated with fine scale grass cover. In the multivariate model, structure use was positively correlated with days monitored and elevation and short culverts. Although the new window ratio did not emerge as the most important predictor for mule deer crossing use, it was more effective at predicting mule deer culvert use than the often referenced openness factor. Our results indicated that 12 of the 13 crossing structures studied effectively facilitate the movement of mule deer in Utah; however some were used far more than others. We suggest that older crossing structures built with the shortest dimensions possible, with attached wildlife-exclusion fencing, and in shrubby habitat will be most effective at passing a high volume of mule deer under Utah highways.
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Shields, Andrew V. "Summer Watering Patterns of Mule Deer and Differential Use of Water by Bighorn Sheep, Elk, Mule Deer, and Pronghorn in Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3920.
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Changes in the abundance and distribution of free (drinking) water can influence wildlife in arid regions. In the western USA, free water is considered by wildlife managers to be important for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Nonetheless, we lack information on the influence of habitat and landscape features surrounding water sources, including wildlife water developments, and how these features may influence use of water by sexes differently. Consequently, a better understanding of differential use of water by the sexes could influence the conservation and management of those ungulates and water resources in their habitats. We deployed remote cameras at water sources to document water source use. For mule deer specifically, we monitored all known water sources on one mountain range in western Utah, during summer from 2007 to 2011 to document frequency and timing of water use, number of water sources used by males and females, and to estimate population size from individually identified mule deer. Male and female mule deer used different water sources but visited that resource at similar frequencies. On average, mule deer used 1.4 water sources and changed water sources once per summer. Additionally, most wildlife water developments were used by both sexes. We also randomly sampled 231 water sources with remote cameras in a clustered-sampling design throughout Utah in 2006 and from 2009 to 2011. In association with camera sampling at water sources, we measured several site and landscape scale features around each water source to identify patterns in ungulate use informative for managers. We used model selection to identify features surrounding water sources that were related to visitation rates for male and female bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, and pronghorn. Top models for each species were different, but supported models for males and females of the same species generally included similar covariates, although with varying strengths. Our results highlight the differing use of water sources by the sexes. This information will help guide managers when siting and reprovisioning wildlife water developments meant to benefit those species, and when prioritizing natural water sources for preservation or enhancement.
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Farebrother, Rachel Louise. "Tracking the collage aesthetic in the Harlem Renaissance, with special reference to Alain Locke's 'The new negro', Jean Toomer and Zora Neale Hurston." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275573.
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Ferranto, Shasta P. "Conservation of mule deer in the eastern Sierra Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1438913.
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Stephenson, Thomas Robert. "Mule deer response to military activity in southeast Colorado." Thesis, This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07292009-090244/.
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Tallaros, Andrea Elia. "B-Mule: A Blockchain based Secure Data Delivery Service." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24899/.
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Trying to modernize rural areas of the globe should be considered an important achievement. Nowadays being able to have an internet connection can prove life-saving. Although technological progress made sure to make the latter accessible to almost anyone, there are places that are hard to reach. The B-Mule project aims to bring messaging services to rural areas that cannot or do not have access to the internet. A data mule that can provide useful and trustworthy services to people inhabiting those areas in order for them to be able to communicate with the outer world without having actual access to the net. The aim of this work is to display the feasibility of creating a data delivery service (MULE) with the aid of blockchain technology. In particular, the ideal goal would be to launch the service on the Ethereum network. The reason for using the aforementioned technology is that we try to take advantage of the fact that data on the blockchain is immutable and thus, creating a delivery service that is natively tamper-proof would have a positive outcome in how data is delivered around the world.
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Mayberry, Michael D. "Floating on a Mule: Encounters of AmericaAn Interactive Travelogue." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492521445380429.
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Albert, Steven Keith 1960. "Desert mule deer and forage resources in southwest Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278157.
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I measured digestible protein consumed by 4 (2 M, 2 F) captive desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki). Deer were fed native forage collected from the Belmont Mountains, Arizona. Intake of forage differed significantly (P < 0.05) between sexes in every season. Intake of digestible protein for both sexes was highest in fall, lowest in the spring and summer for males and females, respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) differences of forage biomass were recorded among all vegetation associations and seasons in the Belmont Mountains. The most forage biomass was available in winter, the least in spring. Desert mule deer in the Belmont Mountains are close to the nutritional carrying capacity of the range. Other efforts to increase the deer population may not be effective if the forage base is not increased.
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Olson, Daniel D. "Assessing Vehicle-Related Mortality of Mule Deer in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1994.
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Roads are essential in modern societies, but as populations grow and traffic volumes rise, roads will continue to be built and expanded. As a result, the effects that roads have on wildlife will likely intensify, making it imperative that managers understand those effects so mitigation can be directed accordingly. In Utah, considerable areas of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) habitat have been bisected by roads. Mule deer are commonly involved in vehicle collisions and there is concern that roads and vehicle traffic are impacting populations. This project was conducted to determine the number and demographic effects of deer-vehicle collisions, to examine how movements and survival of deer were impacted by roads, and to develop a smartphone-based reporting system for wildlife-vehicle collisions. Accurate estimates of DVCs are needed to effectively mitigate the effects of roads, but great uncertainty exists with most deer-vehicle collision estimates. I estimated the number of deer-vehicle collisions using carcass surveys, while accounting for several sources of bias to improve accuracy. I estimated that 2-5 % of the statewide deer population was killed in vehicle collisions annually. The effect that vehicle collisions have on deer abundance depended not only on the number of deer killed but also on the demographic groups removed. I found that 65 % of deer killed in vehicle collisions were female and 40 % were adult females. As female deer are the primary drivers of population growth, my data suggest vehicle collisions could significantly affect population abundance. However I was unable to detect a decreasing trend in deer abundance. Deer have distinct movement patterns that affect their distribution in relationship to roads. I analyzed deer movements during two consecutive winters (2010-11 & 2011-12) to determine what effect climate had on deer movements and vehicle collision rates. I observed that as snow depth decreased, the distance that deer occurred from roads increased. As a result road crossing rates declined, as did the number of vehicle collisions. This suggests a causal mechanism by which winter conditions influence vehicle collision rates. Currently there is a need for an efficient wildlife-vehicle collision data collection. I envisioned and, working with colleagues, helped develop a smartphone-based system for reporting wildlife-vehicle collision data. The WVC Reporter system consisted of a mobile web application for data collection, a database for centralized storage of data, and a desktop application for viewing data. The system greatly improved accuracy and increased efficiency of data collection efforts, which will likely result in improved mitigation and ultimately increased safety for motorists and deer.
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Gillingham, Michael Patrick. "Foraging behaviour of captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25798.
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A review of the literature on black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson) feeding habits reveals considerable variation among animals, locations, and seasons. Processes affecting food selection, however, are poorly understood. Optimal foraging theory was explored as a means of predicting deer foraging behaviour and diet breadth. Because of complex constraints and objectives involved in predicting diet selection, food preference was determined under ad libitum conditions. Feeding behaviour of two deer was studied in a 0.5-ha enclosure to examine the effects of density and distribution of their preferred foods on diet selection.
When deer had to search for food, diet selection remained the same as that under ad libitum conditions as long as preferred food was abundant. Deer nearly exhausted their highly preferred food before switching to lower ranked foods. This switch was gradual, as deer continued to search for preferred food. The amount of preferred food already eaten during a trial was positively correlated with the time that animals would continue searching before switching to lower-ranked foods. Switching was related to the amount and type of food encountered and not to the amount of food in the pen. Dispersion of the preferred food (clumped versus unclumped) had no significant effect on the amount of food eaten, but did significantly influence the types of food encountered by one of the two animals. Both animals became more efficient (intake per distance travelled) at finding preferred foods with increasing experience with a specific distribution of food. Animals increased their efficiency of finding apples by repeating searching patterns which had been effective during previous trials. Performance was poor, however, when distributions were changed. When preferred food was abundant, platforms containing preferred food were not always completely cleared of food the first time a platform was visited. Intake rates of non-preferred foods tended to increase with declining abundance of preferred food. This increase was not caused by changes in the amount of non-preferred food eaten at feeding stations, but rather by the rate at which non-preferred feeding stations were visited.
The influence of intraspecific plant variation on food habit studies and the utility of preference indices are discussed. I conclude that foraging bouts are highly dynamic and that some foraging questions may not be adequately answered if this internal variation is ignored.Forestry, Faculty of
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Tull, John Christopher 1970. "Desert mule deer use of a corridor and surrounding habitats." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278636.
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I examined the efficacy of a mitigation project in Avra Valley, Arizona that was established to provide wildlife access across the barrier created by the Central Arizona Project aqueduct. I monitored movements of 17 radiocollared desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) to determine if deer were using the corridor for access across the aqueduct and the 26 km wide valley. I also examined deer use of vegetation associations and proximity to landscape features. Four deer crossed the canal but stayed within 500 m of the crossing site. One deer traversed the valley via the corridor. Overall, 22.4% of deer locations were in the corridor land system. Female mule deer generally used the mesquite (Prosopis velutina)-burroweed (Isocoma tenuisecta) vegetation association more than it was available and the palo verde (Cercidium spp.)-mixed cacti association less than it was available. Female deer were generally closer to the CAP, housing developments, roads, and permanent water than random points.
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Ordway, Leonard L. "HABITAT USE BY DESERT MULE DEER (ASPECT, ELEVATION, SLOPE, ARIZONA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291232.
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Biagianti, Sylvie. "Contribution à l'étude du foie de juvéniles de muges (Téléostéens, Mugilides), contaminés expérimentalement par l'atrazine (s-triazine herbicide) : approche ultrastructurale et métabolique : intérêt en écotoxicologie." Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0084.
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Bilbao, Joshua Vicente. "Predicting feeding site selection of mule deer on foothill and mountain rangelands." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/bilbao/BilbaoJ1208.pdf.
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Determining areas on the landscape selected by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) for foraging and the characteristics of selected feeding sites is a crucial step in managing mule deer and its habitat. Mule deer populations in much of western North America have been declining since the early 1990\'s, making management of mule deer increasingly difficult. Limited research has examined the characteristics of mule deer habitat that influence feeding site selection in foothill and mountain rangeland habitats during the winter and spring. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate models that incorporate the effects of important habitat variables that influence feeding sites chosen by mule deer in the winter and spring, including aspect, distance to forested cover, distance to hiding cover, distance to agricultural fields, distance to improved roads, distance to ranch roads, elevation, previous cattle grazing, and slope. Data collected in northwestern Wyoming between the summer of 1999 and spring of 2001 were used for model development, and data collected between summer 2001 and spring 2003 were used for temporal validation. Additionally, data collected in west-central Montana between summer 2001 and spring 2003 were used for temporospatial validation. Logistic regression was used to develop models for the winter, spring, and winter-spring seasons. Akaike\'s Information Criterion was used to determine the best models for each season. Models were validated on both a temporal and temporospatial scale. Six habitat variables (distance to improved roads, distance to ranch roads, distance to security cover, aspect, slope, and previous summer\'s cattle grazing) were included in model development after collinearity tests. Four models had a model sensitivity > or equal to 75% in both temporal and temporospatial validation. These models can be used to identify preferred mule deer feeding sites and assess potential impacts of land management practices on mule deer foraging habitat.
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Koritza, Trevor Joseph. "STORE AND FORWARD ROUTING FOR SPARSE PICO-SATELLITE SENSOR NETWORKS WITH DATA-MULES." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/104.
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Satellites are playing an increasingly important role in collecting scientific information, providing communication services, and revolutionizing navigation. Until recently satellites were large and very expensive, creating a high barrier to entry that only large corporations and government agencies could overcome. In the past few years the CubeSat project at California Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) has worked to refine the design and launching of small, lightweight, and less expensive satellites called pico-satellites, opening space up to a wider audience. Now that Cal Poly has the launch logistics and hardware under control, a new problem has arisen. These pico-satellites are within communication range of a ground station only 40 minutes a day. This, combined with their 1200 bps communication speed, limits the usefulness of the satellite missions to those only transmitting small amounts of data back to Earth. This thesis proposes a novel protocol that allows a sparse network of pico-satellites to communicate among one another and to larger satellites called data mules, which relay the information back to the ground station at much higher speeds. The data mules are able to provide higher speeds because they are larger satellites with less power constraints. This protocol makes it possible for a pico-satellite to send more data over a given amount of time with less end-to-end delay. When every satellite has large amounts of data almost three times as much aggregate data can be sent through the network, and almost five times more data can be sent if only a single satellite has large amounts of data to send. The end-to-end delay is cut almost in half when sending 1 MB of data per day per satellite and is decreased by a factor of at least three when sending large amounts of data from only one satellite.
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William, Jean-Claude. ""Compère Lapin et compère Mulet" : métissage et comportements socio-politiques à la Martinique." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090039.
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Rautenstrauch, Kurt R., Paul R. Krausman, Frank M. Whiting, and William H. Brown. "Nutritional Quality of Desert Mule Deer Forage in King Valley, Arizona." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609091.
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Sixteen forage species used by Desert Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) in King Valley, Arizona were collected bimonthly from November 1983 through October 1984 and analysed for dry matter, protein, ether extract, ash, and fiber. Results of the analysis are presented as a reference source for wildlife biologists, range managers, and others working in desert ecosystems.
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Gerlach, Thomas P. "Ecology of mule deer on the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Colorado." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40974.
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Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) population dynamics, movements, and habitat use were studied on the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site in southeastern Colorado during January 1983-December 1984. Thirty-eight adults and 28 fawns were radio collared, and 35 adults were color collared or ear tagged. Population estimates were 365 and 370 deer for 1983 and 1984, respectively. The sex ratio (yearling and adult) was 60 males: 100 females. Adult female pregnancy rate was 95%; the mean litter size for females over 1.5 years was 1.7 fawns. Annual fawn survival was 29% in 1983 and 22% in 1984. Coyote (Canis Iatram) predation was responsible for 76% of fawn mortality. Adult survival was 88% in 1983 and 87% in 1984; coyote predation accounted for 67%, and hunting for 33% of the annual adult mortality. The calculated annual rate of increase (λ) was 1.01, indicating a stable population. Seasonal home range size differed (p < 0.05) between males and females only in the fall. Females preferred pinyon-juniper woodland in all seasons, and shrub grassland in winter, summer and fall; proportional use of woodland/open grassland and shrub/open grassland edge was greater than proportional availability. Males preferred pinyon-juniper woodland and avoided open grassland in all seasons. Fawns preferred shrub grassland and shrub/open grassland edge; they avoided cholla/open grassland edge. Fawns selected bed sites with greater (P < 0.05) concealment cover at all 0.5 m intervals up to 2 m in height, and greater ground cover of trees, shrubs, and grasses (P < 0.01) than random sites.Master of Science
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Peterson, Chris C. "Conservation Implications Of Winter-Feeding Policies For Mule Deer In Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/108.
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Policies regulating wildlife winter-feeding programs may have long-term impacts on conservation and future management of both target and non-target species. In 2000, the Utah Wildlife Board, upon reviewing input from a series of public regional meetings, adopted a Utah Big Game Winter-Feeding Policy. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources used this policy to regulate winter-feeding programs for mule deer in northern Utah, 2001-2005. I monitored the program effects on mule deer biology, activity and migration, and winter browse utilization and productivity. While feed rations generally compensated for protein and energy deficiencies, they may overlook mineral deficiencies. To determine if mule deer could select for feeds that contained minerals that may be deficient in native browse, I conducted experimental feeding trials using copper supplements. Feeding program success on increasing mule deer winter survival depends heavily on timely implementation. Therefore, I evaluated the utility of a modified body condition index to use deer-vehicle collision carcasses to monitor herd nutritional status, and applied this information to weather data to assist in determining when to implement winter-feeding programs. Lastly, I surveyed a random sample of Utah stakeholders to determine if the policy developed through the regional meeting process reflected wider public opinion rather than traditional consumptive users. This winter-feeding enhanced body condition, and increased adult female survival. When dynamics of fed and non-fed study groups were modeled over five years, the model predicted both populations were declining, with a lower rate of decline in the fed population. The primary cause of mortality for fed and non-fed groups, deer-vehicle collision, nullified benefits accrued from feeding. Deer may have balanced the effects of sagebrush and bitterbrush toxins with nutrients from feed rations, thus resulting in increased browsing of bitterbrush. Fed deer browsed over less area, and migrated earlier in fall and later in spring. Mule deer also selected a consistent proportion of copper-amended rations, suggesting plain rations are nutritionally inadequate. Although most Utah stakeholders were unaware of Utah's big game winterfeeding policy, most believed winter-feeding was an important mule deer management strategy in Utah. When given a choice between using management funds to support winter-feeding or habitat projects, stakeholders preferred funding habitat restoration.
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Bernales, Heather H. "Development of an Innovative Statewide Population Monitoring Program for Mule Deer." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/639.
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Monitoring population trend and estimating vital demographic parameters are essential for effective management of a mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) population. Because of financial constraints, many wildlife agencies use computer models to obtain indirect indices of population size and trend as an alternative to annual field-based estimates of population size. These models are based primarily on herd composition counts and harvest rates from hunter-harvest surveys, and are rarely field validated. I developed an alternative method for monitoring population dynamics of wintering populations of mule deer. I designed a hybrid monitoring program that combined annual vital rate monitoring to track changes in population growth rate with a field-based approach for estimating population abundance. The program allocated resources optimally towards the most critical components of mule deer population dynamics, and consisted of 4 field surveys: annual monitoring of age ratios, overwinter fawn survival, and annual doe survival, with field-based estimates of population size only once every 4 years. Surveys were conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Wildlife Management Unit (WMU) 2, Utah, and cost $29,298 per year, prorated over 4 years. Unfortunately, financial constraints prohibit the implementation of this monitoring program in every WMU in Utah. Instead, the program can be implemented in select WMUs throughout the state, with survival data collected in these core units, providing estimates for nearby satellite units. To establish core-satellite unit pairs, I developed a proxy method for determining correlation in survival rates between core and satellite units using model-simulated estimates. I demonstrated this core-satellite method using WMU 2 as a core and WMU 3, an adjacent unit, as a satellite. Finally, I compared a multiple data sources (MDS) model with a herd composition-based population model, POP-II. The MDS model better approximated observed data, and provided statistical rigor. Overall, the hybrid program was less costly and provided more precise estimates of population trend than could be achieved with a monitoring program focused on abundance alone, and was more defensible than herd composition monitoring. After establishing correlations in doe and fawn survival between core and satellite units, data collected in core units via the hybrid program could then be used to model the mule deer population dynamics of other units using MDS modeling procedures. This combined approach could be an effective statewide program for monitoring mule deer populations.
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Dias, Dácio de Castro. "Hematologia e bioquímica sérica em muares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-28072014-153256/.
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Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar valores hematológicos e bioquímicos para muares de três faixas etárias e compará-los com os das raças formadoras. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizados 288 animais, machos ou fêmeas, sendo: 10 jumentos, 30 éguas e 260 muares. Os muares foram divididos em três grupos: G1 (animais entre dois meses e um ano de idade), G2 (animais entre um e três anos de idade) e G3 (animais acima de três anos de idade). Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações laboratoriais: hemograma, contagem de plaquetas, fibrinogênio, glicemia, ureia, creatinina, creatinoquinase, aspartato aminotransferase, gama glutamiltransferase, fosfatase alcalina, lactato desidrogenase, bilirrubinas, proteína total, albumina, triglicérides, colesterol, lactato, sódio, cloro, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e ferro. Além do estabelecimento dos valores de referência do hemograma e bioquímica sérica para muares de três faixas etárias, conclui-se também que: hematologicamente os muares estão mais próximos dos asininos que dos equinos; há diferença significativa nos valores bioquímicos e hematológicos entre as faixas etárias; há influência sexual nos valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de maures, mas é clinicamente menos significativa do que a influência etária; o hemoparasita Theileria equi pode ser encontrado no esfregaço sanguíneo de um número significativo de muares, mesmo que estes não apresentem sintomatologia clínica.The purpose of this study was to determine hematological and biochemical values of three age groups of mules and to compare them with the forming races. For the development of this study, it was used 288 animals, males or females, as follows: 10 donkeys, 30 mares and 260 mules. The mules were divided into three groups: G1 (animals between two months and one year old), G2 (animals between one and three years old) and G3 (animals above three years old). The following laboratory evaluations were performed: blood count, platelet count, fibrinogen, glucose, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, lactate, sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron. In addition to the establishment of reference values for blood count and serum biochemistry for mules of three age groups, it is also concluded that: hematologically, the mules are closer to donkeys than the horses; there is a significant difference in biochemical and haematological values between age groups; there is a sexual influence in the mules haematological and biochemical values, but it is clinically less significant than the age influence; the hemoparasite Theileria equi can be found in the blood smear in a significant number of mules, even if they do not show clinical symptoms.
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Krausman, Paul R., Leonard L. Ordway, Frank M. Whiting, and William H. Brown. "Nutritional Composition of Desert Mule Deer Forage in the Picacho Mountains, Arizona." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609115.
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Nineteen forage species used by Desert Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) in the Picacho Mountains, Arizona were collected bimonthly in 1983 and analyzed for dry matter, protein fiber, lignin, ether extract, ash, cellulose, cell solubles, and hemicellulose. Results of the analyses are presented as a reference source for wildlife biologists, range managers, and others working with desert ecosystems.
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Voirin, Chase R., and Chase R. Voirin. "Exploring Techniques to Investigate Mule Deer Diet Composition on the Navajo Nation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620710.
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Knowledge of the diet of wildlife can aid wildlife biologists to better understand how a species functions within a given ecosystem. Numerous studies have identified various avenues to examine diet for species throughout the world. Wildlife biologists have used diet composition variables as a means to better understand habitat use and aid in the management and conservation of mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus. The complexity of deer diet is still unknown, and local wildlife management agencies could improve conservation strategies with more information regarding the breadth of plant selection in deer diet. Researchers have used non-invasive methods, such as microhistology via fecal analyses, to assess diet composition for mule deer. However, microhistology has several drawbacks that include accuracy in identification and differentiation of plant species, and even genus, as well as determination of accurate proportions of taxa ingested. Genetic techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), present new avenues for analyzing herbivore diets, especially through the amplification and analyses of specific regions of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Additionally, few studies have directly compared microhistological and NGS diet analyses results for any wildlife species. My objectives were to compare diet composition results of both microhistological and NGS diet analyses through estimating diet richness, taxonomic resolution, percent diet, and frequency of occurrence of plant taxa across samples. Mule deer fecal samples were collected on the Navajo Nation from summer and winter ranges of two distinct mule deer populations, Chuska and Carrizo. I found far greater richness and resolution from NGS of plant taxa through the identification of a greater number of species and genera among all populations, within seasons. Upon testing both methods for both populations, no significant agreement was identified for percent of families identified in the diet with both methods, across all samples. I found trends of positive correlation in the occurrence of families between both methods for Carrizo summer diet, as well as among genera and families in Carrizo winter diet. Upon further statistical analyses, I found no significant positive correlation in the occurrence of genera and families identified with both methods among all samples. Genetic techniques may present innovative methods for determining mule deer diet in various ecosystems, and may also be applied to a broad range of herbivore diet studies.
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Carmichael, Gregory Bruce 1965. "Fences as barriers to desert mule deer along canals in central Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277866.
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Water associated with the Central Arizona Project (CAP) and its delivery systems attract wildlife. Crossing structures, alternate water sources, and fences have been built to reduce wildlife mortality associated with canals. Their effectiveness, however, has not been evaluated. I assessed the effectiveness of a woven wire and an electric fence located on the CAP and Tonopah Canals, respectively. The purpose of these fences was to prevent desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) from entering canals. I established track plots to quantify differences in deer use between areas separated by the canals. I used line intercept transects to examine differences in the vegetation between the north and south sides of the CAP. Both types of fences were effective in keeping deer out of the canal. The north side of the CAP had more deer use and more ground cover than the south side. If future offshoot canals are small, they may be left unfenced, if follow-up studies reveal no significant wildlife mortality.
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Cashman, Jennifer Lynne 1962. "Desert mule deer response to mitigations along the Hayden-Rhodes Aqueduct, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277991.
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The Hayden-Rhodes Aqueduct (HRA) extends from Lake Havasu along the California and Arizona border to 40 km northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The Bureau of Reclamation established water catchments for wildlife, and wildlife bridges to provide access for wildlife across the HRA. I investigated the effectiveness of these mitigations for desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) from July 1989 to July 1990. I examined deer use of wildlife bridges, concrete overchutes, and water catchments; the quality of deer habitat at crossings; and the influence of mountain lions (Felis concolor) on deer at water catchments. All water catchments were used by deer. There was very little use of wildlife crossings by deer. Deer habitat on the north side of the HRA received more use by deer than habitats south of the HRA. I could not determine if mountain lions capture prey more often near water catchments than in other areas.
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Freeman, Eric D. "Parturition of Mule Deer in Southern Utah: Management Implications and Habitat Selection." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4383.
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Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are an ecologically, economically, and socially important species across much of the western United States. As such, populations and habitat are intensely managed by state game agencies. However, populations have been declining in recent decades and several factors have been implicated (e.g., climate, predation, competition, and habitat availability). Population dynamics of mule deer are driven by a combination of survival of adults and juveniles and reproductive rates. While adult female mule deer typically have consistently high annual survival rates (85% annually), juveniles are more easily affected by stressors (biotic and abiotic conditions) and therefore their annual survival rates are generally low and highly variable. In an effort to better understand the effects of management on—and the habitat needs for—reproduction and recruitment, we examined the potential effects of male-biased harvest on recruitment in populations of mule deer and the selection of sites for parturition by mule deer females. Changes in buck:doe ratio due to male-biased harvest may alter rates of pregnancy, timing of parturition, and synchrony of parturition if inadequate numbers of males are present to fertilize females during their first estrous cycle. If rates of pregnancy or timing of parturition are influenced by decreased buck:doe ratios, recruitment may be reduced. This results from fewer births, later parturition (resulting in lower survival of fawns), and a less synchronous parturition period (increasing the proportion of neonates exposed to predation). Our objectives were to compare rates of pregnancy, timing of parturition, and synchrony of parturition between exploited populations of mule deer with relatively high (Piceance Basin) and relatively low (Monroe Mountain) buck:doe ratios. We determined rates of pregnancy via ultrasonography and timing of parturition via expulsion of vaginal implant transmitters. We found no differences in rates of pregnancy, timing of parturition, or synchrony of parturition between Monroe Mountain and Piceance Basin. This suggests that the relatively low buck:doe ratios typical of heavily harvested populations do not have unintended or indirect impacts on population dynamics because recruitment remains unaffected. Because neonate ungulates are most vulnerable to predation during parturition and shortly thereafter, selecting sites for parturition can have direct fitness consequences. We investigated the selection of sites for parturition by mule deer. We utilized vaginal implant transmitters to identify sites of parturition. We then obtained and compared macro- and micro-habitat features between sites of parturition and associated random sites. Parturitient females selected sites based on topography, habitat-type, and obscurity. Enhanced understanding of habitat variables that are selected for parturition provides insight into the life history or behavior of a species and allows managers to ensure that suitable habitat is available for this stage of life-cycles.
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Brown, Dylan Earl. "Effectos of Coyote Removal on Pronghorn and Mule Deer Populations in Wyoming." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/498.
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I studied the relationship between coyote (Canis latrans) removal and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) density and fawn:doe ratios in southwest Wyoming and northeast Utah in 2007 and 2008. Coyote removal variables studied included the number of coyotes removed, ground hours worked, total hours worked, coyotes removed/aerial gunning hour, coyotes removed/ground work hour, and coyotes removed/total effort hour. None of the variables explained changes observed in fawn:doe ratios of pronghorn or mule deer. The number of coyotes removed, ground hours worked, total hours worked, and coyotes removed/aerial gunning hour were positively correlated with pronghorn density. However, none of the coyote removal variables were correlated with mule deer density. Coyote removal conducted in the winter and spring explained more variation and had a stronger positive correlation with fawn survival and ungulate density than removal conducted in the summer or fall. My results suggest that coyote removal conducted over large areas may increase density of pronghorn. However, coyote removal did not appear to increase mule deer fawn survival or density.
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McCusker, Sarah. "Effects of three practical diets on feeding behavior, nutritional status, rumen health, and growth of captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/s_mccusker_110209.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in natural resource sciences)--Washington State University, December 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 21, 2010). "Department of Natural Resource Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.
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Wood, Christopher Karl. "The effects of prescribed burning on deer and elk habitat parameters in Montana's Missouri River Breaks." Thesis, Connect to this title online Connect to this title online (alternate address), 2004. http://www.montana.edu/etd/available/wood%5F1204.html.
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Urquiza, Nayeli. "Drug mules and the limits of criminal law from the perspective of gender and vulnerability." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50880/.
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This thesis probes the limits of concepts and practices in criminal law through an interdisciplinary analysis of vulnerability and gender, shown through the case study of women who act as drug mules and have been sentenced for drug importation offences in England and Wales. While this thesis critiques the current state of drug control and how international drug law characterizes drug trafficking as crime carried out by ‘evil’ and ‘greedy’ offenders, the enquiry is much broader because it questions role of criminal law in the severe punishment of drug mules. Discourses on the vulnerability of drug mules expose the difficulties of judging them solely as threatening traffickers and highlight the particular effects and situation of women participating in the international drug trade. Rather than accepting the victim-offender dichotomy given by legal categories, this thesis suggests that the ambivalent construction of drug mules’ legal subjectivity evinces a deep-seated contradiction in criminal law. The strict frameworks within criminal law labelling actors into either victims or offenders are ways in which the ambiguity intrinsic in human action and embodied social life are denied while shaping and perpetuating a heterosexist models of legal subjectivity. Drawing on phenomenology, critical theory, and feminist legal theory, the thesis offers a critique of legal subjectivity and the grounds of criminal law from the perspective of gender and vulnerability. Specifically, it maps the effects of disembodying legal personhood and notions of subjectivity in Western liberalism, noting in particular how they can lead to violent practices in law and politics which securitize physical and political bodies in pursuit of an ideal of invulnerability. Disembodiment is not only a modality of living which alienates embodiment from history, gender and relationality, but it also facilitates gendered forms of violence. While this project contests relations of invulnerability by rethinking embodied vulnerability, there are also important challenges for feminist scholars in foregrounding the body of women in criminal law. The interdisciplinary gender analysis presented here suggests that describing drug mules as vulnerable offenders alone cannot provide justice to these offenders because it can reify the logic of invulnerability. Thus, we need to understand what the modes of relations with the vulnerable body are and how these relationships to vulnerability are re-inscribed in legal, scholarly, and political discourse. Although vulnerability discourses can be totalized into existing norms of subjectivity in criminal law, namely feminized victims and masculinized agents, this project also gestures towards imagining vulnerability otherwise. This involves holding space for ethical ambiguity in the encounters between law and gender occurring in the context of neoliberal precarity and securitized drug policies.
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Barreau, Léa. "Les mules de la mode : mobilités de commerçantes angolaises entre le Brésil et la Chine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0431/document.
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Cette thèse s’appuie sur les expériences professionnelles de voyage de commerçantestransnationales angolaises qui voyagent à l’étranger pour rapporter des produitsmanufacturés (vêtements, chaussures, accessoires féminins) qu’elles transportentdirectement dans leurs valises sans déclarer l’objectif commercial de leur activité. Cecommerce, pratiqué sur l’ensemble du continent africain s’est intensifiée en Angolaavec la fin de la guerre en 2002 et l’ouverture des relations internationales avec despartenaires comme le Portugal, le Brésil, Dubaï et la Chine. Ce travail analyse deuxvagues de mobilités commerciales féminines : de l’Angola vers le Brésil et de l’Angolavers la Chine. S’intéressant aux rôles spécifiques des femmes africaines sur troisespaces, l’observation menée sur les marchés de São Paulo, Luanda et Canton s’inscritdans la perspective de la globalisation « par le bas ». Interrogeant les processusémancipatoires, ce travail cherche à vérifier si la circulation commerciale permet auxfemmes de prendre conscience des rapports de pouvoir qui les marginalisent et dedévelopper leur capacité à les transformer. Cependant, la thèse défendue est que lescaractéristiques de l’économie « parallèle » où les frontières entre le légal, l’illégal, lelicite et l’illicite se confondent, conditionnent les capacités d’autonomisation desfemmes et pénalisent la revendication de leurs droits. À l’heure de l’accélération de laglobalisation des échanges entre pays du Sud, cette thèse a pour ambition de donnerune vision intimiste et féministe de la mobilité en suivant le parcours et les récits devie de plusieurs femmes angolaises entre le Brésil, l’Angola et la ChineThis thesis is based on the professional experiences of a small group of transnationalAngolan traders how travel abroad to bring back manufactured products (clothing,shoes, and women’s accessories) that they transport in their suitcases withoutdeclaring the commercial aim of this activity. After the end of the Angolan civil war in2002, allowing for the opening of international relations with partners such asPortugal, Brazil, Dubai and China, the feminization of this commercial practiceintensified. This thesis analyzes these phenomena through different case studiesinvolving two waves of female transnational traders: the first being from Angola toBrazil, and the second from Angola to China. By investigating the specific roles ofthese African women in the three different spaces where they were observed, themarkets of São Paulo, Luanda and Guangzhou, the research fits into the perspectiveof globalization from below. By investigating these emancipatory processes, thisresearch attempts to verify if this commercial activity allows the women to becomeconscious of the power relations that marginalize them and whether thisconsciousness develops the capacity to transform them. However, the thesis defendedhere assumes that the characteristics of the “parallel” economy, where the bordersblur between legal and illegal, licit and illicit, condition the capacities of the women’sempowerment and put them at a disadvantage in the collective demands for theirrights. At of time when globalization is accelerating, this study endeavors to give anintimate, feminist vision of mobility through the journey and the life stories of variousAngolan women as they travel between Brazil, Angola and China
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Alcala, Galvan Carlos Hugo. "Response of Desert Mule Deer to Habitat Alterations in the Lower Sonoran Desert." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1424%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Trulove, Nicholas F. "Social and Scientific Factors Impacting Mule Deer Habitat Conservation in the Intermountain West." Thesis, Prescott College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539500.
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For mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Intermountain West, alterations to habitat are outpacing strategies to mitigate human disturbance on critical seasonal ranges and migration routes.
Conserving mule deer habitat requires cooperation between a diverse group of stakeholders, state wildlife agencies, and federal land management agencies. The first chapter of this thesis explores the current and historical relationship between state wildlife agencies, citizen stakeholders, and federal agencies in order to highlight opportunities to improve cooperative habitat conservation in the United States. Conservation is a result of social, political, and economic action, but relies upon science to inform policy. The second chapter explores the seasonal habitat use of mule deer in southwestern Wyoming. In response to low fawn recruitment, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department deployed 15 GPS collars on adult female mule deer in an effort to enhance knowledge of mule deer population dynamics, migrations, and habitat use. The study captured two winter climate regimes, with greater winter severity during the 2010-11 winter compared to the winter of 2011-12. Deer migrated an average of 23.9 km (SE = 2.2) between seasonal ranges, and completed spring migrations nearly one month earlier following the milder winter of 2011-12 (t19 = 5.53, df = 19, P ≤ 0.001). Pooled, the average area of winter ranges (1057 ha, SE = 103, n = 26) was larger than summer ranges (423 ha, SE = 51 ha, n = 25) (t = −5.44, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001), with no increase or decrease in size of seasonal ranges detected between years (P = 0.243) according to a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Between years, deer were observed to shift the geographic center of winter ranges (2.9 km, SE = 1.1, n = 12) to a larger degree than summer ranges (0.4 km, SE = 0.1, n = 12) (t = −2.20, df = 22, P = 0.040). Survival and pregnancy rates (86% and 96%, respectively) correlated closely with other mule deer studies, and neither factor appears to negatively impact population growth.
Identifying seasonal ranges and migration routes, and quantifying seasonal habitat use, will assist Wyoming Game and Fish Department efforts to protect mule deer seasonal habitats and migration routes, and direct vegetation manipulations intended to improve the nutritional quality of habitats. On average, winter ranges included a later percentage of shrub-dominated habitat (83.8%, SE = 0.3, n = 26) than summer ranges (57.5%, SE = 2.0, n = 25) (t = −4.42, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001). Summer ranges averaged a greater proportion of agricultural lands (2.8%, SE = 1.1, n = 25) and aspen (Populus tremuloides ) habitats (9.0%, SE = 2.2, n = 25) than winter ranges (0.1%, SE = 0.1, n = 26 and 0.2%, SE = 0.0, n = 26, respectively) (t = 3.03, df = 49, P = 0.004 and t= 3.86, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Mule deer ranges are primarily located on Bureau of Land Management (73%, SE = 2.8, n = 51) and privately owned (17.3%, SE = 2.9, n = 51) lands, highlighting opportunities for cooperative partnerships for mule deer habitat conservation.
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Serenko, Thomas J. "The controls of epithermal gold mineralization at Mule Canyon, Lander County, Nevada, U.S.A." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294947.
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Bellantoni, Elizabeth Susan 1958. "Habitat use by desert mule deer and collared peccary in an urban environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277936.
Full textAbstract:
I examined movements and habitat use by desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) and collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) in the Rincon Mountain District of Saguaro National Monument (SNM) from February 1988 through December 1989. Movements and habitat use by mule deer were closely associated with the distribution of free-standing water during the driest seasons of the year. Deer responded to losses of ephemeral water sources in SNM by leaving the monument to obtain water. Four of 5 peccary herds supplemented their natural diet by visiting houses and/or restaurants on a daily or twice daily basis. The addition of water and supplemental food sources was a deliberate effort by homeowners to attract wildlife onto their property. The current pattern of habitat islands interspersed with low density housing (1 house/2-4 ha) is an effective and highly desirable buffer zone between the monument and the more heavily developed urban areas 3.2 km west of the park.
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Fox, Kevin Bryant 1964. "Fawning habitat of desert mule deer in the Belmont and Bighorn mountains, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278208.
Full textAbstract:
I monitored female desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) (n = 7) with radio telemetry in the Belmont and Bighorn mountains, Arizona, 1991. I examined habitat use, size of seasonal ranges, predation by coyotes, and behavior, and I identified fawning and fawn rearing habitat. Female desert mule deer preferred the montane vegetation associations and avoided creosote flats (Larrea tridentata) during fawning. Size of seasonal ranges were smaller in the 2 weeks postpartum (X = 3.75 km2 than in the 2 weeks prior to fawning (X = 6.71 km2 Activity during the first or last 4 hours of daylight differed 2 weeks postpartum and the remainder of the year (P = 0.034). Female desert mule deer were less active during daylight 2 weeks postpartum. Females during fawning were not any closer to water than the remainder of the year.
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Koenen, Kiana Kathleen-Gaye. "Seasonal densities and habitat use of desert mule deer in a semidesert grassland." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278709.
Full textAbstract:
I determined density and habitat use of desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, a semidesert grassland in southeastern Arizona, in 1996. I observed 219 groups of deer; densities varied from 0.9 ± 0.3 (SE) deer/km² in summer to 2.5 ± 1.3 in winter. Herd size varied from 1.5 ± 0.1 deer/group in summer to 9.7 ± 2.0 in winter. Density of females was greater than males (0.9 ± 0.3 and 0.03 ± 0.04, respectively). Mule deer used subshrub-grass more in summer (χ² = 54.8, 6 df, P < 0.0001) and Russian thistle (Sallsola kali) less and cactus more in autumn (χ² = 60.2, 6 df, P < 0.0001) than expected. Deer used mesquite (Prosopis velutina) less than expected, which may have been due to the difficulty of observing deer in dense cover. In general, the mule deer population was widespread, had a high proportion of females, and used vegetation associations as available.
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Howard, Channing R. "Efficacy of Translocation as a Management Tool for Urban Mule Deer in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7407.
Full textAbstract:
An increase in urbanization in the United States has led to an increase in human-wildlife interactions with deer (Odocoileus spp.) which have been able to adapt and thrive in these urban environments. In Utah, urbanization has occurred along the Wasatch Front which was once traditional mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) winter range habitat. This urban expansion coupled with an increasing use of these urban areas by mule deer, have led to increasing conflicts with deer. Overabundant urban deer have led to increased concerns over safety from deer-vehicle collisions, and damage to personal property including gardens and landscaping. Lethal methods of urban deer control, such as controlled hunting or sharpshooting have proven prohibitive due to perceptions of safety or local ordinance prohibiting discharge of weapons. Managers have thus begun to investigate translocation as an alternative method of reducing deer and deer related problems.
I evaluated the efficacy of translocation by determining factors influencing the survival of translocated urban mule deer, reporting the costs per deer of translocation, and determining change in public attitudes toward urban deer after 2 years of removing deer via translocation. Results indicate that translocated urban deer survival is reduced by age and injuries, and that male survival is much lower than that of females, however survival was higher among deer that made it into the second year post-release. Overall survival of translocated urban deer is still lower than the average statewide survival for wild mule deer in Utah. Public perception of the amount of deer decreased slightly after 2 years of deer removals and attitudes were influenced by the severity of damage to gardens and landscaping.
This research can provide managers with information on the hazards influencing survival of translocated urban mule deer as well as the costs associated with implementing and maintaining a translocation program to mitigate urban mule deer problems. It can also provide managers with information on the social impacts such a program has on the attitudes and perceptions of urban deer.